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This study examined the association between competitive strategies and organizational survival of manufacturing firms in Rivers State, As well as the moderating effect of technology on the relationship between competitive strategies and organizational survival. The cross-sectional research design was applied in this study. A total of one hundred and eighty-one (181) managers and supervisors from ten (10) manufacturing firms, constituted the sample elements. The simple random sampling technique was used. Primary data was collected for this study and copies of questionnaire was the main instrument for collection of data. The instrument was subjected to face and content validity and the reliability of the instrument was checked using cronbach alpha test. Seven (7) null hypothesis were formulated and tested using partial least square -structural equation modelling (smart pls). The outcome of the analyses revealed a significant positive association between the dimensions of competitive strategies(cost leadership, differentiation and focus strategy) and the measures of organizational survival (innovation and adaptability). Technology was also found to significantly moderate the relationship. The study concluded that adoption of competitive strategies enhances the survival of organizations. The study recommended that Management should apply cost leadership strategies as it provides an opportunity to enhance the firms innovative capability and adaptability to internal and external environmental thereby maximizing its survival.

Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s). The relationship between innovation and competition has been vastly studied over the past fifty years. However, one piece of the puzzle that has not been studied in detail is how in certain industries competition has an effect in the number of products that are removed from the market. That is why in this paper, I use scanner data to analyze the effect of competition on product removal. In particular, I track sales in the beer industry across a set of 1107 over a period of four years. Following previous studies, I use the merger between SABMiller and Molson Coors as an unexpected change in the industry to estimate future market concentration. I find that there is a negative relationship between removal and concentration. Therefore, retailers decide to remove products from their shelves in a faster way when the market is more competitive to open the gates for a more dynamic assortment.

The purpose of the paper is to find out how chain affiliation, an important strategic choice and a key determinant for hotel performance, influences the strategy-performance nexus in the emerging economy context. It combines the resource- and institution-based views to investigate how chain affiliation moderates the relationship between competitive strategy and performance. This is done by distinguishing between market-based strategies based on differentiation or cost leadership, and non-market strategies that manifest in institutional advantage. The empirical analysis draws from original survey data on 162 hotels located in the Russian cities Moscow and St. Petersburg. The paper finds that first, in emerging economies the competitive edge of chain-affiliated hotels largely arises from market-based advantage, but only in terms of cost advantage. The finding that differentiation advantage is not an important factor of performance for chain-affiliated hotels suggests that firm-level resources derived from chain affiliation would not transform into competitive advantage in the emerging economy context. Second, it is found that institutional advantage is more important determinant of performance for independent hotels, demonstrating the importance of local knowledge and relationships for firms in emerging economies. This finding also suggests that chain affiliation might be rather a strategic constraint than asset for creating superior performance via institutional advantages in the emerging economy context.

The purpose of the study was to identify the features of the development of the global telecommunications market, its impact on the digital transformation of the economy of the Republic of Belarus. The subject of the article is the global telecommunications market and its development in China, Belarus. Methods of analysis and synthesis, system approach, generalization, grouping, and comparative analysis were used in the study. The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that the telecommunications market has the highest growth rates in the modern world economy. The prospects for economic growth of any state depend on the level of its development. Using digital technologies, countries can quickly become leaders in economic development. The subjects of the telecommunications market of goods and services are identified. The features of the modern telecommunications market are identified: an increase in the volume of investment in the market of goods and services of information and communication technologies; the use of mobile technologies as one of the main drivers of the growth of the information and communication technologies market; the creation of platforms that integrate technologies, networks and devices that provide the use of new opportunities; an increase in the degree of concentration and consolidation in the telecommunications market. The features of the Chinese telecommunications market are: the development of individual products and services for customers, the transformation of traditional industries with the help of Internet technologies, a high level of competition and risks, and significant attention to the production of consumer electronics. Huawei's main competitive strategy is diversification. A distinctive feature of Huawei's work in the Belarusian market is its focus on building mainly its own systems and networks, that is, its own infrastructure. The results of the study can be used in the practice of business entities and public administration bodies.

Innovation has become one of the main differentiators in the competitive race, as increasing globalization, rapid technological changes and new lifestyles open up enormous strategic opportunities for corporations. The successful use of new ideas is crucial for an organization to improve its processes, bring new products and improved services to market, increase efficiency and most importantly improve performance. With this study, it is aimed to examine the relationship between innovation and strategic choices of hospitals. In line with the purpose of the research, a survey was conducted with hospital senior managers in a total of 79 public, university and private hospitals operating in seven different regions of Turkey. Whether innovation and competition strategies differ according to various variables was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). In addition, correlation and regression analyzes were applied to determine the relationship between innovation and competitive strategies. As a result of the analyzes, it was determined that the variables used to divide the patients into groups did not differ according to the characteristics of the hospitals, and there was no relationship between the separation of the patients into groups and the competitive strategies. At the same time, a significant moderate relationship was found between supporting innovation activities in hospitals and all three competitive strategies., Artan küreselleşme, hızlı teknolojik değişiklikler ve yeni yaşam tarzları kurumlar için muazzam stratejik fırsatlar ortaya çıkarırken inovasyon, rekabet yarışında ana farklılaştırıcılardan biri haline gelmiştir. Yeni fikirlerin başarılı bir şekilde kullanılması bir kurumun süreçlerini iyileştirmesi, piyasaya yeni ürünler ve gelişmiş hizmetler sunması, verimliliğini artırması ve en önemlisi performansını iyileştirmesi için çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmayla, hastanelerin inovasyon ve stratejik seçimleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda Türkiye’nin yedi farklı bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren kamu, üniversite ve özel olmak üzere toplam 79 hastanede, hastane üst düzey yöneticileri ile bir anket uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. İnovasyon ve rekabet stratejilerinin çeşitli değişkenlere göre fark gösterip göstermediği tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ile çözümlenmiştir. Ayrıca inovasyon ve rekabet stratejileri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenebilmesi için korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri uygulanmıştır. Analizler sonucunda hastaların gruplara ayrılmasında kullanılan değişkenlerin hastanelerin özelliklerine göre bir farklılık göstermediği ve hastaların gruplara ayrımı ile rekabet stratejileri arasında bir ilişkinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda hastanelerde inovasyon faaliyetlerinin desteklenmesi ile her üç rekabet stratejisi arasında anlamlı orta düzeyde bir ilişki bulunmuştur.

Örgütsel performans, hızla değişen pazarda ve artan rekabet koşullarında önemli bir kavram olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Faaliyetlerinin çıktılarını hedeflerine uygun düzeyde tutabilen organizasyonlar değişken ve rekabetçi çevrede ayakta kalabilmektedir. Rekabet edebilmek ve rekabeti sürdürülebilir kılmak için seçilen jenerik stratejilerin, örgütsel performansı artırdığı değerlendirilmektedir. Hızla değişen çevresel koşulları hızla kavrayabilen girişimci bireylerin, örgütsel performansa katkı yaptığı değerlendirilmektedir. Bu bağlamda rekabet stratejilerinin örgütsel performansa etkisi ve girişimciliğin bu etkideki aracılık rolü araştırılmıştır. Mersin Tarsus Organize Sanayi Bölgesi’nde yer alan 163 işletmeden toplam 511 çalışandan veri toplanmıştır. Veriler SPSS ve AMOS paket istatistik programları ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan hiyerarşik regresyon analizi sonucunda rekabet stratejilerinin örgütsel performans üzerinde olumlu anlamlı etkilerinin olduğu ve bu etkide girişimci davranışın da aracılık etkisinin olduğu bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır., Organizational performance is described as an important concept in the rapidly changing market and increasing competition conditions. Organizations that can keep the outputs of their activities in line with their goals can survive in a volatile and competitive environment. It is considered that generic strategies chosen to compete and make competition sustainable increase organizational performance. It is considered that entrepreneurial individuals who can quickly grasp rapidly changing environmental conditions contribute to organizational performance. In this context, the effect of competitive strategies on organizational performance and the mediating role of entrepreneurship in this effect have been investigated. Data were collected from a total of 511 employees from 163 enterprises located in Mersin Tarsus Industrial Zone. The data were analyzed by SPSS and AMOS package statistics programs. As a result of the hierarchical regression analysis, it has been found that competition strategies have positive and significant effects on organizational performance and entrepreneurial behavior also has a mediating effect on this effect.

Amaç – Farklı rekabet stratejileri benimseyen havayollarının kabin görevlileri tarafından algılan örgütsel desteğin, örgütsel sessizlik üzerinde farklı etkileri olduğunu ortaya koymak ve kabin görevlilerinin mesleki bilgi ve tecrübelerini havayolu yönetimi ile paylaşmasının rekabet üstünlüğü elde edilmesindeki önemi hakkında literatüre ve sektöre katkıda bulunmak. Yöntem – Farklı iş modeli benimsemiş iki havayolunun kabin görevlilerine anket uygulanarak elde edilen veriler SPSS 22 ve AMOS 24 istatistik programları aracılığıyla test edilmiştir. Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kullanılarak ulaşılan analiz sonuçları araştırmanın hipotezlerini doğrulamıştır. Bulgular – Havayolu işletmesinin benimsediği rekabet stratejisi, kabin görevlilerinin algıladığı örgütsel destek ve örgütsel sessizlik düzeylerinin farklılaşmasına neden olmaktadır. Algılanan örgütsel destek, düşük maliyetli havayoluna göre tam hizmet sağlayıcı havayolunun kabin görevlilerinin savunmacı ve korumacı sessizlik düzeyleri üzerinde daha etkili olurken, düşük maliyetli havayolunun kabin görevlilerinin kabullenici sessizlik düzeyi üzerinde daha etkili olmaktadır. Tartışma – Havayolunun benimsediği rekabet stratejisine göre uyguladığı iş modeli; örgüt yapısı, örgüt kültürü ve insan kaynakları uygulamaları ile birlikte kabin görevlilerinin algıladıkları örgütsel destek ve örgütsel sessizlik düzeyleri üzerinde etkili olmaktadır. Purpose – To reveal that organizational support perceived by cabin crews of airlines that adopt different competitive strategies has different effects on organizational silence and to contribute to the literature and the sector on the importance of sharing cabin crew's professional knowledge and experience with airline management Design/methodology/approach – The data obtained by applying a questionnaire to the cabin attendants of two airlines, which adopted different business models, was tested through SPSS 22 and AMOS 24 statistical programs. The analysis results obtained using structural equation modeling (SEM) confirmed the hypotheses of the research. Findings – The competitive strategy adopted by the airline company causes differentiation of the levels of organizational support and organizational silence perceived by cabin crew members. Perceived organizational support has more impact on the defensive and protective silence levels of the full-service carrier airline's cabin crews than the low-cost airline, while more on the accepting silence level of the low-cost airline's cabin crews. Discussion – The business model applied by the airline according to its competitive strategy, together with its organizational structure, organizational culture, and human resources practices, it affects the organizational support and organizational silence levels perceived by cabin crew members.

There are four areas of competition on Russian television: genre programming, technological innovation, traditional television and the advertising market. Television is a dynamically developing market, which means that it is applicable to use a defensive or offensive strategy. In this article, we will consider and evaluate the potential of the competitive strategy of the publicly available federal TV channel Match-TV.

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Leveraging on resource based-view theory, this paper shows strategies adopted in higher education to remain competitive. Using scale development method, 60 questionnaires as survey instrument was distributed and 58 respondents completed and returned. The result of socio-economic demographic variables, factor analysis and validity using the statistical packages for social science. Five dimensions were adopted: cost leadership strategy, service differentiation strategy, cost focus strategy, integration strategy and diversification strategy. The validity and reliability result as well as managerial implication, limitation and future research were discussed.

E-commerce brings companies and customers together in an exchange market environment, beyond any physical, cultural, and legal boundaries, and on an unimaginable scale, which was considered to be technically impossible before. The companies' online facilities have been improved and become accessible to everyone through smart phones, tablets, etc. as the web pages and social networks started to direct individuals towards e-commerce. E-commerce not only raises economic concerns related to competition and pricing, but also reveals new social and environmental threats that can be quite widespread and viral. Several studies have been conducted to examine the transformation of traditional business models into e-businesses, the impact of e-commerce businesses on traditional business activities, or opportunities brought by technological innovations. For this reason, the effects of the competitive strategies will be explained in terms of ensuring sustainable competitive advantage within e-commerce companies.

In the last few years participants of the banking sector in North Macedonia are facing big competition as a result of the increased innovations between these participants. The only way for banks to stay relevant with their operations is to create a sustainable competitive advantage. For an organization to hold out in a competitive environment, it needs to develop competitive strategies. One of the aspects of creating a competitive advantage in the banking sector is creating digital services. These services have a high impact on the banking sector and enable banks to have a competitive advantage in different manners. In addition to a theoretical approach to creating a competitive advantage in the banking sector, we conducted empirical research on how banks in North Macedonia create competitive advantage by offering digital services. This paper aims to describe the end-users attitude on digital banking services as well as the bank’s strategies on creating a competitive advantage by offering digital banking services.

Journal of Management Science Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, 8, 2, 81-97

National audience; While teaching in economics at the university is mainly based on passive pedagogy, this paper argues in favor of active pedagogical methods, using experimental classroom games. The issue is illustrated by focusing the article on the analysis of the firms’ competitive strategies in different market structures (i.e. perfect competition, monopoly and oligopoly). We first explain the bases of experimental methods and then present some protocols allowing to implement classroom games corresponding to the market structures which are considered. A survey of the literature is exposed to provide an exhaustive view of the different games that can be used by teachers.; Partant du constat d’un enseignement de l’économie à l’université fondé sur des méthodes principalement passives, cet article plaide en faveur d’une pédagogie active fondée sur les jeux pédagogiques expérimentaux avec une application à la thématique des structures de marché. Il fournit les clés pour l’utilisation de tels jeux en exposant les bases de l’économie expérimentale et les éléments pratiques de la mise en œuvre d’un jeu pédagogique. L’enseignement des trois principales structures de marché (concurrence pure et parfaite, monopole et oligopole) est proposé à travers la présentation d’un jeu détaillé par structure, complété par une revue de la littérature liée aux expériences pédagogiques existant sur chacune d’entre elles.

This study investigates the effect that strategic inventory (SI) has on a supply chain consisting of a common retailer and two manufacturers in a two-period decision setting. In each period, participating members set their respective prices to maximize their profits. Additionally, the retailer decides how many products need to be upheld as strategic inventory. We derive the equilibrium under the Bertrand competition and compare this with an equilibrium where two competing upstream manufacturers cooperate, and one of the manufacturers offers a long-term wholesale price commitment to the retailer. The aim is to investigate the following question: Is such a deal between two members beneficial for the overall supply chain? Results demonstrate that every member of the supply chain has the opportunity to receive higher profits if the holding cost is in a certain range for which the retailer can maintain strategic inventory for wholesale prices offered by two manufacturers. Cooperation between two upstream manufacturers can lead to a superior outcome in the absence of strategic inventory, which is not always true if the retailer upholds strategic inventory. The retailer may receive higher profits and consumers need to pay lower prices under commitment contract, and the strategic integration decision may worsen the performance. Moreover, the manufacturers sometimes are better off if they remain decentralized or offer a long-term wholesale price commitment. Cross-price elasticity and market share remain key parameters affecting the two manufacturer’s strategic decisions.

This paper analyzes competitive strategy of late followers in auto industry in the case of Hyundai Kia Auto Group (HKAG). The global economic crisis has had a strong impact on the leaders in auto industry. HKAG took advantage of the crisis and increased sales and global market share at the expense of the leaders in the industry. We found that during the crisis the company achieved excellent results thanks to innovative marketing and sales strategies combined with top quality, product design and productivity. Growing competition and changes in business environment in the post-crisis period jeopardized the future growth of the company. The company reacted to the changes in business environment by shifting the focus to the luxury segment and green vehicles, by launching independent luxury brand Genesis and by scaling up investment in R&D.

В статье представлен анализ факторов конкурентоспособности автомобилестроительного предприятия на внутреннем и внешнем рынках, а также в сформулированы инструменты управления ею с целью увеличения объема экспорта и повышения эффективности реализации конкурентного потенциала (на примере ПАО «КамАЗ»). Выделены стратегии развития предприятий автомобилестроения, реализация которых обеспечивает достижение конкурентных преимуществ: стратегия лидерства в издержках, стратегия диверсификации производства, стратегия дифференциация производства. Представлены организационные меры, направленные на повышение уровня конкурентоспособности предприятия автомобилестроения., The article presents an analysis of the factors of competitiveness of a car manufacturing enterprise in the domestic and foreign markets. It formulated management tools, which increase exports and improve the efficiency of the implementation of competitive potential (for example, the PJSC KamAZ). It is highlighted the development strategy of the automotive industry, the implementation of which ensures the achievement of competitive advantages: a leadership strategy in costs, a strategy, which diversifies production, a strategy of differentiation of production. It is presented organizational measures aimed at improving the competitiveness of the automotive industry.

В наше время мировая экономика находится во власти транснациональных корпораций (ТНК). В сфере их влияния более 50% мирового производства и свыше 70% мировой торговли, а доля в совокупном ВВП превышает 25%. Выручка ведущих мегакомпаний больше, чем бюджеты целых государств. ТНК не только диктуют условия на мировом рынке, но и активно влияют на международную политику. При этом главенствуют в этой сфере западные корпорации, прежде всего, американские. Россия здесь находится в арьергарде, что негативно сказывается на всех экономических параметрах страны. Для решения задачи «вхождения Российской Федерации в число пяти крупнейших экономик мира, обеспечения темпов экономического роста выше мировых» [18], России важно занять достойную позицию в крупнейшем мировом корпоративном бизнесе. Для этого необходимы меры по развитию и активной государственной поддержке крупных российских корпораций, созданию новых мегабизнес-структур, выработке действенной протекционистской линии для них на международном рынке. В связи с этим целесообразна разработка соответствующего национального проекта.

The purpose of this thesis is to understand and explore the foundations of FSMP process in the banking industry. The primary research objectives are: to identify the managerial and performance related benefits of an FSMP approach; to understand the process of FSMP practice in the LCBs; to analyse the impact of contextual factors (internal and external factors) on the current state of development of an FSMP approach in the LCBs; and to conclude as to the potential benefits of an enhanced rate of FSMP adoption and recommend how it would best be achieved. It is important here to confirm that the research was carried out prior to the events in Libya in February 2011. Since the ideas for this research were based on the reality within the largest commercial banks situated in Libya, an interpretive approach was considered the appropriate option to address the research questions posed. Therefore, this study opted for a realistic approach because of its exploratory power and its adequacy to reveal the underlying causes of FSMP within this industry. To address the research objectives the survey strategy has chosen to answer the research questions. The combination of qualitative, quantitative techniques and archival data suggested by the interpretive philosophy and deductive approach is used for the reasons given above. The descriptive statistic analysis is used to analyse the structured questionnaires, and the pattern matching and coding analysis is utilised in order to analyse the semi-structured interviews. The major findings revealed that comprehensive strategic plans are in place, but that the processes by which they are created have significant limitations. In addition, FSMP in the LCBs is still evolving and that it is, currently, in growth. In terms of marketing lifecycle, marketing in LCBs is in its infancy stage, it was found, contrary to expectations that marketing departments have only been established recently. For this reason a number of barriers to FSMP were found. Based on these results, LCBs need to be aware of the strengths that they have and consider how to take advantage of them to capture the current opportunities in the Libyan market, without allowing their weaknesses and limitations to threaten their future and impede the banks' full potential. The main contributions of the current research are: understanding of the process of FSMP that is being introduced into LCBs; determining the contextual factors that affect the implementation of FSMP; identifying the major barriers to the success of the implementation of FSMP and providing a practical framework for FSMP in the LCBs in order to enhance its success.

Bu çalışma, 23-25 Temmuz 2015 tarihlerinde Viyana[Avusturya]'da düzenlenen 11. International Strategic Management Conference'de bildiri olarak sunulmuştur. Middle-income trap that is based on per capita income and measures per capita income in dollars and predominantly in relation to the Purchasing Power Parity indicates the vicious cycle a country enters at a certain income level. Thus, countries caught in the middle-income trap stay within this cycle for long periods of time and could not ascend to the next income level, the high-income group. Several ways out of this trap for countries were proposed in the literature stressing the significance of state incentives and support that state could provide for the private sector. The objective of this study is to discuss the possible changes that incentives provided by the state based on R&D innovations could initiate especially in competitive strategies of large scale firms and to present two propositions based on this discussion. International Strategy Management & Managers Association

The social nature of cooperatives does not mean that their processes should be inefficient; on the contrary, they should have policies that allow the establishment of competitive advantages. On the other hand, in the post-industrial economy, knowledge has become a relevant asset. Consequently, research aims to analyse the relationship between knowledge management and competitiveness in credit unions in Barranquilla. For this purpose, it is based on a critical rationalist approach, quantitative paradigm, correlational scope and non-experimental transversal design. For the technique, a survey was conducted through a questionnaire applied to managers of 30 credit unions, which were selected according to a simple random sampling and the data were analyzed using statistical tools. The results indicate the presence of alignments aimed at creating, identifying, acquiring, classifying, storing, applying, updating and transferring knowledge; however, there are no significant relationships between these processes and the development of strategies for determining the key success factors; for this reason, it is concluded that in the context of the institutions studied, there is no empirical evidence that supports the theoretical foundations related to the influence of intangible asset management. Finally, the foundations are built for carrying out studies that seek to strengthen solidarity organizations based on the visualization of systematic processes that, based on organizational learning skills, contribute to obtaining a competitive position in the market. La naturaleza social de las cooperativas no significa que sus procesos deban ser ineficientes; por el contrario, en ellas han de existir políticas que permitan el establecimiento de ventajas competitivas. Por otro lado, en la economía post industrial el conocimiento se ha transformado en un activo relevante. En consecuencia, la investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre la gestión del conocimiento y la competitividad en las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito de Barranquilla. Para ello, se fundamenta en un enfoque racionalista crítico, paradigma cuantitativo, alcance correlacional y diseño no experimental transversal. Para la técnica, se realizó una encuesta a través de un cuestionario aplicado a los gerentes de 30 cooperativas de ahorro y crédito, las cuales fueron seleccionadas de acuerdo a un muestreo aleatorio simple y los datos fueron analizados mediante herramientas estadísticas. Los resultados demarcan la presencia de alineamientos que propenden por la creación, identificación, adquisición, clasificación, almacenamiento, aplicación, actualización y transferencia del conocimiento; sin embargo, no se presentan relaciones considerables entre estos procesos y el desarrollo de estrategias para la determinación de los factores clave de éxito; por este motivo, se concluye que en el contexto de las instituciones estudiadas, no existe evidencia empírica que soporte los fundamentos teóricos relacionados con la influencia de la administración de los activos intangibles, con respecto al desarrollo de competencias distintivas. Finalmente, se construyen las bases para la realización de estudios que busquen el fortalecimiento de las organizaciones solidarias a partir de la visualización de procesos sistemáticos que, asentados en las capacidades de aprendizaje organizacional, coadyuven a la obtención de una posición competitiva en el mercado.

Conducting meetings using Group Decision Support System (GDSS) applications, as a method for brainstorming and decision-making sessions in organizations, has not yet been disseminated and adopted by the majority of either businesses or public sectors. Observations and statistics from the field indicate that organizations have scant interest or no perception at all of this approach for decision-making process. This paper is devoted to investigate the reasons behind the lack of GDSS supported meetings' adoption and, therefore, dissemination by both private and public organizations. It, also, suggests solutions for overcoming challenges encountering GDSS supported meetings’ industry. The paper reports on the results of a field study of 22 semi-structured intensive interviews conducted with users of GDSS meeting software, experienced facilitators, technical support experts and managers of GDSS meeting facilities. The research took place in real business environmental settings with interviewees whom used ‘FacilitatePro’, ‘MeetingSphere’ and "Spilter" GDSS meeting software.

This study was aimed at examining the effect of competitive strategies and performance of construction organizations in the large construction industry in Indonesia. This study adopted a quantitative research approach using a questionnaire survey to obtain data from 260 senior managers and CEOs of enormous construction organizations in Indonesia. Using Partial Least Square (PLS), we examined the relations between the constructs discussed in the study. We found out that competitive strategies affected the performance of construction organizations; competitive strategies positively impacted on the organizational performance. These findings showed that we needed to harmonize a competitive strategy as a prerequisite to achieving superior performance. We believed that this study positively contributed to the role of competitive strategy and the performance of large construction organizations in Indonesia and ongoing discussions on issues arising in construction management in development.

This article sets out to observe how the accuracy of perception by hospitality managers of the new competitive framework arising out of the advent of the internet has affected the choice of strategy and entrepreneurial performance. In order to achieve this aim, we use a combination of two different empirical studies: firstly, a Delphi study addressed to experts from around the world and secondly, a questionnaire addressed to managers in the Spanish hospitality sector. The study uses Structural Equation Modeling methodology and highlights the importance of managerial perception. Our results confirm the importance of the schemes established.

Due to rising competition in the international construction market, competitive strategies are becoming ever more important. This study aims to identify the level of importance of a variety of competitive strategies in construction companies to create a theoretical framework for competitive strategies in international construction business. In the questionnaire titled: ‘Identifying the Parameters of Strategic Performance Comparison Tool in International Construction Companies’, professionals were asked the level of importance of parameters in acquiring a competitive edge in international markets for construction companies. 82 people who currently work for international construction companies responded the questionnaire. The Relative Importance Index (RII) of competitive strategies in construction companies was calculated using the survey results. The construct was redesigned through the Pearson Correlation and principal components analysis (PCA). The results of the PCA denoted that the construct of competitive strategies in construction companies can be explained by three main factors in sync with Porter’s three generic competitive strategy types: F1 Cost Leadership in Construction, F2 Specialization and Focus and F3 Differentiation in Construction and Company Resources. The analysis results show that the competitive strategies related to “Differentiation in Construction and Company Resources” have a greater importance level, while the diversification strategies have a lower importance level. Which means specialization in some type of construction activity and focus on a specific group of customers is more effective than diversification strategies in gaining a competitive advantage in the market.

Intra and extra organizational collaboration has become an important factor in increasing organizational competitiveness and regional ones. Technical and technological progress and the knowledge economy have led to the emergence of collaborative networks. Collaborative networks provides an opportunity for organizations to gain access to strategic resources or complementary base and constantly adapt resources, capabilities and potential to become proactive and to be competitive in an environment (environment) dynamic and turbulent. Complexity of collaboration between organizations within collaborative networks may vary and often depend on factors that have led to the emergence networks. Understanding the distinctive features specific perspectives and collaborative networks is the scientific approach of this paper.

В статье рассмотрены особенности и основные виды кластеров, тенденции и перспективы кластеризации в строительном комплексе. Раскрыты основные направления деятельности российских строительных кластеров в условиях интернационализации экономических отношений. Обозначены важнейшие преимущества кластеризации российских предприятий и фирм строительного комплекса.

Pay What You Want (PWYW) and Name Your Own Price (NYOP) are customer-driven pricing mechanisms that give customers (some) pricing power. Both have been used in service industries with high fixed costs to price discriminate without setting a reference price. Their participatory and innovative nature gives rise to promotional benefits that do not accrue to posted-price sellers. We explore the nature and effects of these benefits and compare PWYW and NYOP using controlled lab experiments. We show that PWYW is a very aggressive strategy that achieves almost full market penetration. It can be profitable if there are promotional benefits and if marginal costs are low. In contrast, NYOP can be used profitably also if marginal costs are high and if there are no such benefits. It reduces price competition and segments the market. In a second experiment, we generate promotional benefits endogenously. We show that PWYW monopolizes the follow-up market but fails to be profitable. NYOP is less successful in penetrating the market but yields much higher profits.

A biodiversidade tem sido apontada como um elemento de importância estratégica devido, entre outros fatores, ao seu potencial como fornecedora de matéria-prima para diversos setores da economia. Diante deste quadro, mas também do de destruição deste patrimônio, têm se inserido muitas das atuais estratégias de empresas, as quais vêm procurando acompanhar e aproveitar o desenvolvimento de novas oportunidades tecnológicas abertas pelos mercados de produtos obtidos de forma ambientalmente responsável. A incorporação de modelos sustentáveis de uso dos recursos é, portanto, vista como um diferencial capaz de gerar vantagens competitivas. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho apresenta e discute de que forma algumas empresas brasileiras vêm utilizando em suas estratégias competitivas o potencial da biodiversidade como forma de criar e/ou de aproveitar novas oportunidades e explorar novos nichos de mercado, apontando as principais vantagens e limitações encontradas neste tipo de estratégia. Para tanto, traz uma análise dos casos de quatro empresas nacionais atuantes no mercado de produtos obtidos de forma sustentável nos segmentos de fitoterápicos, cosméticos, extratos naturais e de manejo florestal. Parece claro que a incorporação dos preceitos do desenvolvimento sustentável no uso da biodiversidade é uma tendência que vem se fortalecendo, principalmente em setores altamente dependentes de matéria-prima advinda da biodiversidade. Neste contexto, destaca-se a importância da geração de inovações para atender à demanda por novas práticas e tecnologias, assim como da conformação de um ambiente institucional capaz de estimular a incorporação da variável ambiental por todo o setor produtivo. Biodiversity has been considered a strategic element due to, among other reasons, its potential as a raw material provider to many industry sectors. Nevertheless, the increasing degradation of the environment threatens this potential and therefore the urgency in promoting sustainable development. Motivated by this context, many companies are adopting, as part of their competitive strategies, the sustainable use of biodiversity so as to take advantage of new technological opportunities open in the environmentally responsible products market. Thus, the purpose of the present paper is to analyze how some Brazilian companies are using the potential of biodiversity as part of their competitive strategies in order to create favorable market asymmetries. It also acknowledges the advantages and limitations concerning this strategy. To illustrate these opportunities, this work presents the case of four national companies which work in the Brazilian environmentally responsible products market, focusing on phytoterapics, cosmetics, natural extracts and forestry. This study has pointed out that incorporating sustainable development principles does not seem to be simply a temporary strategy, but a strong tendency especially to industry sectors highly dependent on biodiversity as a raw material. Other issues addressed include the relevance of innovation to the generation of new proceedings and technologies as well as the importance of the conformation of a solid institutional environment.

We discuss online strategies for visibility-based searching for an object hidden behind a corner, using Kurt3D, a real autonomous mobile robot. This task is closely related to a number of well-studied problems. Our robot uses a three-dimensional laser scanner in a stop, scan, plan, go fashion for building a virtual three-dimensional environment. Besides planning trajectories and avoiding obstacles, Kurt3D is capable of identifying objects like a chair. We derive a practically useful and asymptotically optimal strategy that guarantees a competitive ratio of 2, which differs remarkably from the well-studied scenario without the need of stopping for surveying the environment. Our strategy is used by Kurt3D, documented in a separate video., 16 pages, 8 figures, 12 photographs, 1 table, Latex, submitted for publication

The strategy to accelerate the development of mining-beneficiationtechnology- competitivity management of dimension stone companies involves various analysis and alternative methodologies. In this project the Life-Cycle Matrix methodology was used with its main external (industry maturity) and internal (overall measure of the competitive position of a business) factors to analyze in detail the block cutting (sawing) sector of the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro and the competitive position of the main companies that are active in the sector. Special attention was given to the dimension stone plates production process, describing the main methods used to beneficiate blocks and to undertake secondary beneficiation. A Case Study was used as the data base for the adoption and selection of strategies for the block cutting companies located in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. The following block sawing companies were described with special attention to their infra-structure, organization, installed production capacity, granite plates production lines, critical success factors, technology, inputs, vertical integration, sales, market share, and products quality: Thor, Brasilstone, Rio Segran, Gutimpex, Cavaliere, Belmonte, Real Brasil and Marcovaldi. The objective of identifying future possible main strategic thrusts-action programs-functional strategies and action plans to accelerate the development of the dimension stone companies in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro was achieved. A Strategy Diagnostic Study also was undertaken and will be of great value for the companies and entrepreneurs that are already active in the sector and for the new national and foreign companies and new investors that may have interest to invest in this sector in short and medium time periods.

As mudanças no ambiente institucionais e seus efeitos sobre o desempenho recente da produção de milho e soja no Brasil e Argentina são os objetivos deste artigo, que tem como referencial teórico a Nova Economia das Instituições. Importantes diferenças marcam o desempenho da produção de grão nestes países, apesar do Brasil e Argentina terem seguido o mesmo modelo de desenvolvimento baseado no processo de substituição de importação e economia fechada. Observa-se também que além das condições edáfo-climáticas que trazem uma vantagem inicial para a produção de grãos na Argentina, de uma forma geral, este país, em função da sua menor população e menor absorção interna de produtos, sempre teve uma maior inserção no mercado internacional. This paper examines the role of the institutions that affected Brazilian and Argentinean grain agroindustrial systems in this decade, using the New Institutional Economics as theoretical reference. Important differences mark the performance of the production of grains in these countries, despite Brazil and Argentina having followed the same model of development based on the process of import substitution and a closed economy. In addition to the edapho-climatic factor which brings initial advantages to the production of grains in Argentina, in general, this country has always had greater insertion in the international market due to its smaller population. The changes in the institutional environment and its effects on the recent performance of soybean and corn production in Brazil and Argentina are the objective of this work.

Tez (Doktora) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2013, Thesis (PhD) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2013, Bu çalışmada Türk ayakkabı sektöründe yer alan firmaların rekabet stratejilerinde tasarımın rolü incelenmiştir. Firmaların rekabet stratejilerinde tasarımın nasıl bir rol oynadığını, İstanbul’da kendi markaları ile üretim gerçekleştiren önde gelen on ayakkabı firmasının derinlenmesine incelendiği örnek olay çalışmaları ile araştırılmıştır. Rekabet stratejileri konusunda teorik çerçeve işletme ve yönetim bilimleri konusunda otorite olarak kabul edilen Michael Porter’ın “jenerik stratejiler” kategorizasyonuna dayanmaktadır. Çalışma sonucunda ayakkabı firmalarının rekabet stratejilerinde tasarımı ne amaçla ve nasıl kullandıkları ortaya koyulmuştur. Bu çerçevede farklılaşma, odaklanma ve maliyet liderliği olarak ele alınan üç jenerik rekabet stratejisinde tasarım yaklaşımları ortaya çıkan kavramlarla tanımlanmıştır. Bu çalışmayla ayakkabı sektöründe faaliyet gösteren firmaların rekabet stratejileri, tasarım yaklaşımları ele alınmış ve örnek olay çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın ilk aşamasında ulusal ve uluslararası alanda sektörle ilgili, ticaret ve endüstri ile ilintili kurum ve kuruluşların rapor, çalışmaların incelenmesi ve literatür taraması yapılmıştır. İkinci aşamada Türk ayakkabı sektöründe yer alan ve İstanbul’da kendi markasıyla üretim yapan firmalardan oluşan bir örneklem seçilmiştir. Örnek Olay çalışması şeklinde ele alınan Türkiye Ayakkabı Sanayicileri Derneğine üye, İstanbul’da markalı üretim yapan ayakkabı firmalarının rekabet stratejileri incelenmiştir. Firmalarda tasarımın farklı stratejilerde nasıl ve ne amaçla uygulandığı karşılaştırmalı örnek olay analiziyle ortaya konularak benzerlik ve farklılıklar belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda ortaya çıkan bulguların, gelişmekte olan Türk ayakkabı sektöründeki firmaların rekabet stratejilerinde tasarımın nasıl bir rol oynayabileceği konusunda model oluşturması hedeflenmiştir. Bu çeşit bir çalışmayla sektörde varlık gösteren firmaların durumlarını analiz edip, nasıl bir yapılanmaya gidilmesi gerektiğini öne çıkartılarak, sektörün ve firmaların gerekli çıkarımları yapmalarına fayda sağlamak amaçlanmıştır., In this research the role of design in the competitive strategies adopted by the Turkish footwear firms has been analysed. The role of the design in the development of firms’ competitive strategies has been researched through detailed sample case studies of the ten leading footwear firms operating in Istanbul with their own brands. The theoretical framework has been based on Michael Porter’s ‘generic strategies’ categorization, worldwide known authority on the competitive strategies in the management and business disciplines. The research aims to provide conclusions on how and for which purposes the footwear firms use the design factor in their competitive strategies. Within this framework, the design approaches used in the three generic competitive strategies, namely differentiation, segmentation and cost leadership have been defined through several concepts arisen from this analysis. Within the sampling, the competitive strategies of the footware producers which are members to Turkish Footware Industry Association and manufacturing their own brand in Istanbul have been analyzed. The similarities and differences among the companies with respect to how and for which purposes the design factor is implemented in the strategies are determined. The findings based on this research are aimed to provide the developing turkish footware producers with a model on how to implement the design factor in their competitive strategies. This research targets to provide assistance and benefits to the local footwear sector and local firms in their own assessment of their establishment and in their subsequent restructuring processes., Doktora, PhD

The article describes competitive strategies formation in high technology enterprise, choosing the optimal structure of the manufacturer, effective management system for definite case situations as the formation of competitive strategies is one of the most important goals of modern Russian economy. © IDOSI Publications, 2013.

International New Ventures (INVs) are defined as "business organisations that, from inception, seek to derive significant competitive advantage from the use of resources and the sale of outputs in multiple countries" (McDougall et al., 1994: 470). Globalisation, the dismantling of trade barriers, and the pervasive impact of new technologies have created unprecedented opportunities for young firms to go international early in their life cycle. This is also evidenced by the large number of long established firms that have recently internationalised. In light of these global trends, size of the firm is no longer a key determinant of internationalisation as it once was - the INVs are clear evidence of this. This paper presents a critical review of the empirical findings popular in the current !NV literature, with the objective of developing a profile of INVs which includes the basic characteristics, such as the competitive strategies, products and choice of market entry modes. There are certainly enough similarities in the empirical studies to generate a more comprehensive profile of the !NV than exists in the literature already. A review of theoretical contributions on the !NV is equally of interest but is outside the scope of this paper. The first section of the paper describes the emergence of the !NV firm, which has challenged traditional theories of internationalization. The second section identifies some of the key driving forces behind the firms. Then, drawing on empirical findings, a profile of the !NV is drawn up. Finally, noting the consensus in the literature, a conclusion is reached. This is followed by observations from the author and the recognition of research avenues, which may warrant further investigation.

Em diversos países, o processo de desregulamentação da indústria do petróleo tem chegado até a privatização das empresas. Como conseqüência, o ambiente competitivo se torna mais hostil. A mudança no controle das empresas, associada às mudanças no ambiente competitivo, têm provocado alterações significativas nas estratégias competitivas adotadas. As empresas que antes não apresentavam estratégias competitivas claras, passam a exibir padrões de estratégias de diferenciação, ao mesmo tempo em que buscam paridade de custos com os demais concorrentes. Os dados da presente pesquisa sugerem que as tipologias estratégicas de Porter (1980) e de Mintzberg (1988) seriam adequadas à classificação das estratégias das empresas de petróleo, com destaque para a primeira, em função da parcimônia e da unicidade de tipo estratégico (i.e., cada empresa pôde ser classificada em um, e apenas um, dos tipos estratégicos do modelo) e destaque para a segunda em função do maior nível de detalhamento e poder descritivo. In several country the deregulation of the oil & gas industry has led to privatization of the former state-owned companies. As a result, the competitive environment has become more hostile. The change of ownership, together with modification in the competitive environment, have caused significant modifications in the competitive strategies. While companies did not use to have clear competitive strategies, after privatization they start to show clear patterns of differentiation strategies while at the same time they seek cost parity in the industry. The present research indicates that Porter's (1980) and Mintzberg's (1988) typology seem to be appropriate to classify oil companies' strategies. Porter's typology has two point in its favor: it is more parsimonious and if exhibits uniqueness of strategic type (i.e., each company would be classified in one, and only one, category of the model). On the other hand, Mintzberg's typology offers greater detail and descriptive power.

Guanxi, a Chinese term, which means special relationships or business connections, has been known to be a prerequisite in doing business successfully, especially in China. Today, this term is quite widely known and not only prevalent in China but is a universal phenomenon. This paper reports research on the study of competitive strategies in the marine industry in Singapore, China and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and how good Guanxi could be an important competitive strategy. Guanxi can aid a distinctive strategic positioning in China's competitive environment, and thus it can become an important ingredient in business strategy. But it requires a careful strategy and implementation plan of its own that needs to be aligned with the firm's business strategy; like it must be managed before it becomes a liability. A good understanding of Guanxi is thus crucial for Western firms intending to succeed in business in China. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the implementation of a defined competitive strategy – differentiation or cost leadership – brings about different value creation levels, where “value” is defined in a twofold perspective as “shareholder value” vs “stakeholder value” and “social capital”.Design/methodology/approach– A sample of 169 European companies is investigated. Simple linear regressions andt-tests for the equality of means are conducted.Findings– While no significant differences are found in the creation of value for the shareholders, firms following differentiation strategies generate considerably higher value for all the stakeholder groups than companies pursing cost leadership strategies. Results also show that size and reputational considerations play a significant role in explaining the different stakeholder value performances.Research limitations/implications– Some data such as off-balance sheet items could have influenced the calculation of the discriminant values for strategy classification.Practical implications– Although the two groups manage to achieve comparable levels of profitability, the differentiators, presumably because of their structural outward-facing orientation, seem to be better positioned to meet the challenges of the next wave of growth, which resides in the substantial interconnection between economic and societal value. Companies need a better understanding of how the stakeholder value theory and social capital can influence value creation and long-term success.Originality/value– In light of the importance of competitive strategy as a value-creation tool, the paper sheds new light on the relationship between competitive strategies and value creation.

A survey of Portuguese financial corporations showed that their adoption of information technologies (IT) depends on strategic variables, such as competitive strategies, competitive aspects, business environment, and geographic strategies. The survey also revealed that firms adopting one information technology are likely to adopt others and that they follow a sequence in adopting information technologies. We identified the IT adoption sequence by estimating, through the Bayes theorem, the likelihood of a firm's adopting a specific technology after having adopted a set of more basic technologies. We propose a classification for information technologies according to their place in the adoption sequence: infrastructure technologies, intermediate technologies, and advanced technologie info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

We discuss online strategies for visibility-based searching for an object hidden behind a corner, using Kurt3D, a real autonomous mobile robot. This task is closely related to a number of well-studied problems. Our robot uses a three-dimensional laser scanner in a stop, scan, plan, go fashion for building a virtual three-dimensional environment. Besides planning trajectories and avoiding obstacles, Kurt3D is capable of identifying objects like a chair. We derive a practically useful and asymptotically optimal strategy that guarantees a competitive ratio of 2, which differs remarkably from the well-studied scenario without the need of stopping for surveying the environment. Our strategy is used by Kurt3D, documented in a separate video.