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This study outlines how we might be able to explain and defend the supremely important role of the humanities, perhaps surprisingly, by resorting to medieval literature. While there are many good reasons even today, if not especially in the present, to promote the teaching of the humanities, many critics tend to undermine all cultural and historical investigations of the premodern world and subscribe to presentism. However, as medievalist perspectives can tell us, the very opposite is the case since both poets and philosophers from the past have preserved for us fundamental ideals and values, ethical concepts, and religious and cultural concepts about the interrelationshp between self and the world, between the material and the metaphysical dimension. Este estudio pone de relieve que debemos ser capaces de explicar y defender el enorme papel que desempeñan las humanidades, quizás incluso de un modo sorprendente al recurrir a la literatura medieval. A pesar de que en la actualidad siguen habiendo muchas buenas razones para promover la enseñanza de las humanidades, muchos críticos tienden a menospreciar las investigaciones culturales e históricas del mundo premoderno y se aferran al presentismo. No obstante, como las perspectivas medievalistas nos señalan, realmente se trata de todo lo contrario, ya que tanto poetas como filósofos del pasado nos han preservado ideales y valores fundamentales, conceptos éticos, e ideas religiosas y culturales acerca de la interrelación entre el ser y el mundo, así como entre lo material y lo metafísico.

During the Middle Ages the predominant Christian mentality played a fundamental role in establishing the rules according to which both personal and emotional connections between individuals, and the links between humans and the supernatural, were forged. Considering this, the present study will focus on a topic largely unexplored, the medieval Iberian interpretation of friendship, which will be examined through the analysis of the thirteenth‐century production ascribed to Alfonso X of Castile’s scriptorium. In particular, special emphasis will be devoted to the Marian collection of the Cantigas de Santa María together with several references to the legal corpus of the Siete Partidas.