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A study of the structure and morphology of diblock copolymers composed of crystallizable blocks of polyethylene (PE) and syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) having different lengths is reported. In both analyzed samples, the PE block crystallizes first by cooling from the melt (at 130 °C) and the sPP block crystallizes after at a lower temperature. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) recorded during cooling showed three correlation peaks at values of the scattering vector, q1 = 0.12 nm−1, q2 = 0.24 nm−1 and q3 = 0.4 nm−1, indicating development of a lamellar morphology, where lamellar domains of PE and sPP alternate, each domain containing stacks of crystalline lamellae of PE or sPP sandwiched by their own amorphous phase of PE or sPP. At temperatures higher than 120 °C, when only PE crystals are formed, the morphology is defined by the formation of stacks of PE lamellae (17 nm thick) alternating with amorphous layers and with a long period of nearly 52 nm. At lower temperatures, when crystals of sPP are also well-formed, the morphology is more complex. A model of the morphology at room temperature is proposed based on the correlation distances determined from the self-correlation functions extracted from the SAXS data. Lamellar domains of PE (41.5 nm thick) and sPP (8.2 nm thick) alternate, each domain containing stacks of crystalline lamellae sandwiched by their own amorphous phase, forming a global morphology having a total lamellar periodicity of 49.7 nm, characterized by alternating amorphous and crystalline layers, where the crystalline layers are alternatively made of stacks of PE lamellae (22 nm thick) and thinner sPP lamellae (only 3.5 nm thick).

OBJECTIVE: to describe the profile of pregnant adolescents and their newborns in a municipality in southern Brazil. METHOD: this is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data collection was performed on the basis of data from declarations of live births in the municipality between the months of January to December 2018. The data were analyzed with the aid of the SPSS version 21.0 program. To assess the association between numerical variables, Pearson or Spearman linear correlation tests were used. The level of significance adopted was 5% (p

The mechanisms for the formation of N-substituted hydrazones by coupling of alcohols and hydrazine, achieved by the sequential processes of acceptorless dehydrogenation and borrowing hydrogen, has been unveiled by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The release of water and molecular hydrogen as subproducts, combined with the Mn-PNN pincer based catalyst describe a green environment. Mechanistically, apart from describing a complex system of three coupled catalytic pathways, calculations describe the pivotal role of two intermediates, which participate in two catalytic pathways each one. Finally, predictive catalysis plays the role to push forward this reaction toward milder conditions, and thus in line with green chemistry standards A.P. is a Serra Húnter Fellow and ICREA Academia Prize 2019. S.S. and A.P. thank the Spanish MINECO for projects and PID2020-113711GB-I00 and PGC2018-097722-B-I0 Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Wiley

Objetivo: Analisar a visibilidade de trabalhadores/as de Enfermagem através de imagens, que circularam na mídia durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Métodos: Análise cultural que visa articular a imagem e seus efeitos com teorizações de autores do campo dos Estudos Culturais. Resultados: Foram selecionadas seis figuras nas quais enfermeiras são retratadas como heroínas para combater a Covid-19 e são promovidas de coadjuvante à personagem principal, aliando a estratégia de cuidado ao discurso científico da defesa do distanciamento social. As imagens as retratam enquanto mulheres que enfrentam sofrimento laboral por executarem trabalhos extenuantes e uso prolongado de equipamentos de proteção individual. Considerações finais: A pandemia tem colocado em evidência discursos referentes ao trabalho em saúde, onde vemos imagens de enfermeiras como heroínas que organizam o caos e trazem a ordem à “linha de frente”, ficando visível a idealização da Enfermagem. Objective: To analyze the visibility of Nursing workers through images, which circulated in the media during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: Cultural analysis that aims to articulate the image and its effects with theories from authors in the field of Cultural Studies. Results: Six figures were selected in which nurses are portrayed as heroines to fight Covid-19 and are promoted from supporting actor to main character, combining the care strategy with the scientific discourse of defense of social isolation. The images portray them as women who face labor suffering from strenuous work and prolonged use of personal protective equipment. Final considerations: The pandemic, has highlighted speeches related to health work, where we see images of nurses as heroines who organize the chaos and bring order to the “frontline”, making the idealization of Nursing visible. Objetivo: Analizar la visibilidad de los trabajadores/as de Enfermería a través de imágenes, que circularon en los medios durante la pandemia del Covid-19. Métodos: Análisis cultural que tiene como objetivo articular la imagen y sus efectos con teorías de autores en el campo de los Estudios Culturales. Resultados: Se seleccionaron seis figuras en las que se retrata a las enfermeras como heroínas de la lucha contra el Covid-19 y se promocionan como complemento del protagonista, conjugando la estrategia asistencial con el discurso científico de la defensa del aislamiento social. Las imágenes las retratan como mujeres que enfrentan el sufrimiento laboral por realizar un trabajo arduo y el uso prolongado de equipo de protección personal. Consideraciones finales: La pandemia ha destacado discursos relacionados con el trabajo en salud, donde vemos imágenes de enfermeras como heroínas que organizan el caos y ponen orden en la “primera línea”, visibilizando la idealización de la Enfermería.

Objetivou-se revisar o que a literatura tem abordado a respeito da sobrecarga de trabalho do enfermeiro e sua influência na qualidade da assistência. A metodologia utilizada foi revisão de literatura em artigos científicos publicados em periódicos indexados nas bases de dados da Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO) entre os anos 2012 a 2016. No primeiro momento, cruzando-se todos descritores, chegou-se no total de 444 artigos encontrados. Em um segundo momento, após leitura e utilização de critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram pré-selecionados 148 artigos. Finalmente, foi realizada uma leitura detalhada e análise dos dados, chegando ao total de 12 artigos que respondiam à questão norteadora desta pesquisa. Os resultados demostraram que os fatores como o número reduzido de profissionais de enfermagem, dupla jornada de trabalho devido baixos salários, aumento das cargas de trabalho e absenteísmo estão vinculados à sobrecarga de trabalho que afetam o físico e mental desses profissionais, gerando problemas de saúde e ocasionando consequências na assistência prestada. Percebeu-se que é de suma importância refletir sobre as estratégias que possibilitam o desenvolvimento de melhorias no trabalho da enfermagem. Contudo, sugere-se que novas pesquisam sejam realizadas em torno desta temática, com o objetivo de pensar em diferentes estratégias sobre a relação sobrecarga de trabalho e qualidade da assistência

Objetivo: Identificar como o paciente em terapia hemodialítica vivencia o processo de espera para o transplante. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória e descritiva realizada em uma clínica de hemodiálise em um município do Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de dados foi realizada com pessoas diagnosticadas com Insuficiência Renal Crônica (IRC), em terapia hemodialítica e que aguardavam transplante renal. Foram realizadas entrevistas no ano de 2020, em ambiente reservado, gravadas em áudio, com duração de 10 minutos, guiadas por instrumento e transcritas. O fechamento amostral ocorreu por saturação teórica e a análise dos dados baseou-se na análise temática proposta por Minayo MCS (2014). Resultados: Os relatos permitiram identificar as principais dificuldades e anseios daqueles que aguardam transplante renal, destacando o período de fila de espera. A partir dos relatos coletados foi possível a formação de duas categorias temáticas: “a rotina da hemodiálise que fortalece a esperança de sair da máquina” e “a frustração da espera em meio a uma pandemia”. Conclusão: Permitiu-se compreender sentimentos e anseios de pessoas em lista de espera por um transplante renal, destacando a esperança pela doação de um órgão e libertação da máquina de hemodiálise como principais sentimentos.

Background Abriendo Futuros is a a girl-centered empowerment program that engages community leaders and trains older indigenous girls as mentors to run community girls’ clubs, known as safe spaces. Mentors work directly with indigenous girls to deliver program curricula tailored to the girls’ specific and unique needs to builds girls’ assets in areas such as sexual and reproductive education, gender equality, violence prevention, leadership, financial education and healthy lifestyles. Objectives The program aims to improve critical health, social, and cognitive skills that help girls have a voice and choice in their lives and allows them to draw the path to a healthy adult life, overcoming the risks present in their context. The program was implemented in 8 rural communities in the south of Yucatan. A total of 657 girls were enrolled over the 18-month-implementation period (2015 - 2017). Results A quasi-experimental evaluation was implemented in 11 communities (8 intervention and three control). Preliminary findings, using the Propensity Score Matching technique, suggest significant positive effects on intermediate outcomes such as financial literacy, attitudes towards gender norms, sexual reproductive health knowledge, social capital, and perceived exposure to physical violence. No statistically significant results were achieved in main outcomes (reduce adolescent pregnancy and school dropout). We associate this, mainly to the fact that the intervention was only at an individual level, but also to the limited sample size and the brief observation period (18 months). Conclusions Girl-centered programming increases access to spaces where girls meet to expand their knowledge and social networks and build assets that reduce their risks and broadens their opportunities. However, further evidence is needed on multi-level and multisector girl-centered interventions to address teenage pregnancy and other complex issues. Key messages The program generates a social safety net among girls and mentors that is key to the well-being of girls. Girl-centered programs have positive effects on girĺs empowerment for girls who live in vulnerable situations and unequal social contexts.

Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de estresse dos profissionais de enfermagem que atuam no centro cirúrgico de uma cidade do Rio Grande do Sul. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo, realizado com 52 profissionais de enfermagem, através do instrumento Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse para adulto de lipp (ISSL). A pesquisa foi realizada de janeiro a junho do ano de 2020, em um Centro Cirúrgico (CC) e Centro de Materiais Esterilizados (CME) de um hospital de médio porte. Os dados foram analisados através do programa SPSS versão 21.0, testes Qui-quadrado e teste t-student. Também foi utilizada Regressão de Poisson. Resultados: Observou-se que, aproximadamente, a metade dos entrevistados apresentava stress (44,2%) e a maioria encontravam-se e em fase de resistência com sintoma fator psicológico (60,9%). Apresentando as variáveis: ter filhos adolescentes (p=0,014) e realizar atividade acadêmica (p=0,005), apresentou fator de risco elevado ao estresse. Conclusão: O estudo permitiu traçar o perfil dos trabalhadores que estão mais predispostos ao stress, apresentando elevados índices de estresse em fase de resistência. Acredita-se que tal situação possa estar relacionada às práticas dos profissionais que geram muita tensão, demostrando haver a necessidade de estratégias que ofereçam apoio à realização de atividade profissional nesses setores.

Objetivo: Conhecer os principais desafios enfrentados por profissionais de enfermagem que realizam assistência e cuidados aos indivíduos vítimas de violência por armas de fogo e arma branca. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo exploratório. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma unidade de internação de um hospital geral da rede pública, localizado em uma cidade do RS. A coleta de dados deu-se através de entrevistas abertas, gravadas em áudio, guiadas por instrumento facilitador e posteriormente transcritas. Os dados foram analisados através da análise temática de Minayo MCS (2014) em três etapas: pré-análise; exploração do material; tratamento dos resultados obtidos e interpretação. Resultados: Observou-se que os principais desafios que os profissionais enfrentam durante a assistência às vítimas de violência são o estresse laboral, medo de sofrer alguma violência e o senso de justiça versus o cuidado humanizado. Conclusão: Diante dos fatos, faz-se necessário à criação e implementação de políticas e estratégias a fim de prevenir situações de violência e melhorar as condições trabalhistas. Ressaltando que estas melhorias terão reflexo positivo na assistência prestada.

Objetivo: conhecer a percepção da enfermagem sobre os fatores envolvidos na adesão e no abandono do tratamento da tuberculose. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo-exploratório realizado no Centro de Referência em Tuberculose no município de Porto Alegre no Rio Grande do Sul. Nove profissionais da enfermagem responderam à entrevista semiestruturada e foi realizada a análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: identificou-se quatro categorias temáticas: a organização do serviço e o papel da enfermagem no processo de trabalho; a raiz social da tuberculose; a consulta de enfermagem como artifício para o fortalecimento da adesão ao tratamento; rede de serviços como estratégia para reduzir o abandono do tratamento. Conclusão: os profissionais de enfermagem reconhecem sua responsabilidade na adesão ao tratamento da tuberculose e percebem no cotidiano de trabalho os fatores que influenciam o abandono. Reconhecem a necessidade de um trabalho em rede, intersetorial e de proteção social para o controle da doença.

Introduction: in this article, we propose an analytics of ordinances and health policies after the Unified Health System, in order to discuss home care as a biopolitics tool. Material and method: this is a genealogical study inserted in the poststructuralist framework, which uses Foucault’s theorizations. The empirical material was constituted by legal documents that referred to homecare in health, published in the Official Diary of the Union, being the search carried out in May 2013. The selected excerpts were transcribed to an Excel table, in which there were the reference, the excerpt, who speaks, and the limitation procedures. The following step constituted in the elaboration of analytical units, in which Michel Foucault’s tools were applied, as a way to “hammer” the discourses that surround home care programs, such as: power, discipline, and biopolitics. Results and discussion: we can establish some traces that configure home visits as biopolitics strategy. Among them, the inclusion role of specific populations in what concerns the biological processes, but also general populations, in the imperative of health for all, valuing the concept of health as peoples’ right and a State’s responsibility. A government of the living, healthy, and sick, a government of everyone.

Cette note synthetise les connaissances scientifiques relatives a l’impact des expositions chimiques sur la progression de l’obesite et du diabete. En France, l’incidence du diabete a presque double entre 2000 et 2008 (+ 93?%) et la prevalence atteint pres de 1,8 millions d’individus. L’obesite a pratiquement double en 10 ans. Depuis les annees 80, l’accent a ete mis sur les mesures hygieno-dietetiques pour lutter contre ces maladies, mais force est de constater que cela n’a pas ete suffisant pour inverser la tendance. Ces maladies chroniques alourdissent fortement les budgets des systemes de sante. Parallelement, un nombre croissant de donnees scientifiques suggerent que les polluants chimiques, notamment les « perturbateurs endocriniens » (PE), contribueraient a la progression alarmante des maladies chroniques. En mimant l’action de certaines hormones sur des organes tels que le tissu adipeux, le foie, le pancreas et les muscles squelettiques, les PE perturbent l’equilibre glucido-lipidique et participeraient de ce fait a plus ou moins long terme au developpement de l’obesite et de la resistance a l’insuline annonciatrice du diabete, l’ensemble predisposant aux maladies cardiovasculaires. La toxicologie classique telle que nous la connaissons a travers son enonce « la dose fait le poison » ne rend pas compte de la complexite des mecanismes d’action des PE, qu’ils soient seuls ou en melange. Les alterations physiopathologiques induites par les PE peuvent etre programmees epigenetiquement des le stade fœtal, pour eventuellement se reveler plus tard dans la vie. Un changement de paradigme de l’evaluation toxicologique des PE s’impose pour mettre en place une politique sanitaire de prevention aussi bien nationale qu’europeenne.

Le role des facteurs environnementaux dans la progression dramatique des troubles metaboliques (syndrome metabolique, diabete type II, obesite) est incontestable. Aux facteurs environnementaux deja identifies (desequilibre energetique nutritionnel, sedentarite, facteurs psychosociaux), s'ajoutent desormais les polluants de la categorie des perturbateurs endocriniens (PE) presents dans l'alimentation (bisphenol A, phtalates, pesticides, PCB). Nous exposerons dans cette revue les resultats des etudes decrivant les alterations metaboliques induites par le bisphenol A, un des PE le plus repandu dans notre alimentation et impregnant plus de 95 % de la population, et ce, depuis plusieurs dizaines d'annees. Nous verrons, etudes epidemiologiques et experimentales a l'appui, comment le bisphenol A ne suit pas les standards classiques de la cytotoxicite. Il agit en effet a de tres faibles doses, largement en dessous de la dose journaliere admissible actuellement en vigueur (50 micro g/kg/j), sans suivre une relation lineaire dose/effet, et exerce des effets deleteres a des periodes critiques du developpement foetal et postnatal conduisant a l'âge adulte a des troubles metaboliques qui predisposent au syndrome metabolique, au surpoids et au diabete. Les recentes donnees acquises sur le role du bisphenol A sur l'activation de certains recepteurs independants des recepteurs aux estrogenes et sur certaines modifications epigenetiques transmises a la descendance lors de la gestation pourraient rendre compte des troubles metaboliques se developpant a l'âge adulte. Les connaissances recentes sur la toxicite du bisphenol A doivent, au titre du principe de precaution, alerter les agences sanitaires sur une revision drastique des normes d'exposition de ce polluant afin de proteger efficacement la population, en particulier les cibles particulierement sensibles (femmes enceintes, nouveau-nes, jeunes enfants).

As of the mid-19th century, most infectious disease epidemics have been fought and slowed down by taking action on the environment (water, housing, waste) and education. This constitutes the 1st public health revolution paradigm. As we face the current epidemic of chronic diseases and the failure of the dominant biomedical model to stop them, a 2nd public health revolution is needed. The vision for this 2nd public health revolution requires a new paradigm built upon an eco-systemic definition of health and the recognition of the legitimacy for citizen participation based on the precautionary principle.

Resume Les maladies chroniques constituent un defi mondial d'ampleur epidemique selon l'OMS. Malgre les cris d'alarme des chercheurs et des organisations internationales, les politiques de maitrise des depenses de sante en France continuent d'ignorer les causes environnementales des maladies.

Elsevier Science refused to publish a study of IBM workers that IBM sought to keep from public view. Occupational and environmental health (OEH) suffers from the absence of a level playing field on which science can thrive. Industry pays for a substantial portion of OEH research. Studies done by private consulting firms or academic institutions may be published if the results suit the sponsoring companies, or they may be censored. OEH journals often reflect the dominance of industry influence on research in the papers they publish, sometimes withdrawing or modifying papers in line with industry and advertising agendas. Although such practices are widely recognized, no fundamental change is supported by government and industry or by professional organizations.

Glycol ethers (GE) are a family of solvents, the use of which has increased dramatically since the 60's, in domestic and occupational mainly water-based products, such as paintings, inks, varnishes, cleaning agents. There are two subgroups: E series and P series. EGME, among the E series, is the reference substance. This is a reprotoxic chemical causing infertility and genital apparatus atrophy on both sexes, embryofetal toxicity through maternal exposure (malformation, growth alterations and functional deficits). European Union has classified nine other GE as reprotoxic. P series, with the beta isomers exception, has no specific reprotoxicity. Epidemiological studies published from the 80's onwards, have confirmed animal data (malformation, oligoazoospermia, spontaneous abortion, hypofertility). The effects can be observed even after the end of exposure. Risk assessment studies tend to prove that this massive exposure during several decades could have had an important impact on reproductive human health. Even if this exposure has considerably decreased since the last few years, a ban of reprotoxic GE, as required by two official bodies (CSC, CSHPF), seems necessary, due to the high risk level. Classification should be completed for some GE, not classified now (EGBE). Health assessment of past exposure should be carried out. Physicians should look after a possible glycol ethers responsibility when facing this kind of reprotoxic effects.

Glycol ethers (GE) are chemicals used since the 1930s as solvents in paints, inks, varnishes, and cleaning agents, mainly in water-based products, cosmetics, and drugs. World production approximates 1 million tons. Nineteen GE are produced or imported each year; over 1000 tons in European Union (EU) have been classified as high production volume chemicals (HPVCs). First animal data were published in 1971 and 1979 showing severe reprotoxicity for some GE. Two alerts were launched in the United States in 1982 and 1983, but the first partial GE regulation only occurred in 1993 in the EU. Although these chemicals may expose a very large population, basic toxicity data, more especially carcinogenicity, are still lacking (3/32 GE). However, experimental data were sufficient to lead developmental toxicity risk assessment since the early 1980s. Risk indices over 1000 have been calculated for consumers and workers exposed to reprotoxic GE in domestic and industrial activities. The first ban was decided in 1999 in France, but was only for drugs and cosmetics. Not surprisingly, since the late 1980s, human studies have found results similar to those in animal data: spontaneous abortions, malformations, testicular toxicity, and hematotoxicity. Despite this highly coherent set of data, and although substitution products are available, reprotoxic GE have been and still remain widely used in the world. The case of GE shows the failure of the present system based on a posteriori risk assessment. This pleads for the change of paradigm through the European REACH regulation based on the "No data, no market" principle. Ethics in REACH management should also be considered.

RESUMO Objetivo : identificar a prevalencia dos diagnosticos, intervencoes e resultados na consulta de Enfermagem de seguimento a pacientes com câncer de mama, prostata e colon em ambulatorio. Metodo : estudo quantitativo, tipo transversal, realizado a partir de instrumento elaborado e prontuario eletronico de 101 pacientes. Os dados foram analisados com estatistica descritiva simples e apresentados em tabela. Resultados : o diagnostico mais prevalente foi “Estilo de vida sedentario” e a principal intervencao para este diagnostico foi a “Promocao do exercicio” e o resultado “Participacao no lazer”. A prevalencia destes achados foi 14,43%, respectivamente. Conclusao : os dados contribuiram para identificar o perfil dos pacientes em seguimento, reforcando a necessidade de intensificacao da atuacao do enfermeiro no planejamento de intervencoes em consulta de Enfermagem. Descritores : C uidados de Enfermagem; Enfermagem Oncologica; Diagnostico de Enfermagem. ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the prevalence of diagnoses, interventions and results in the follow-up Nursing visit to patients with breast, prostate and colon cancer in the outpatient setting. Method: quantitative study, cross-sectional study, carried out using an instrument and electronic medical record of 101 patients. The data were analyzed with simple descriptive statistics and presented in table. Results: the most prevalent diagnosis was "Sedentary lifestyle" and the main intervention for this diagnosis was "Exercise promotion" and the result "Participation in leisure". The prevalence of these findings was 14.43%, respectively. Conclusion: the data contributed to identify the profile of patients in follow-up, reinforcing the need for intensification of the nurse's role in the planning of interventions in Nursing consultation. Descritores : Nursing Care ; Oncology Nursing; Nursing Diagnosis, Nursing Process. RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar la prevalencia de los diagnosticos, intervenciones y resultados en la consulta de Enfermeria de seguimiento a pacientes con cancer de mama, prostata y colon en ambulatorio. Metodo: estudio cuantitativo, tipo transversal, realizado a partir de instrumento elaborado y prontuario electronico de 101 pacientes. Los datos fueron analizados con estadistica descriptiva simple y presentados en tabla. Resultados: el diagnostico mas prevalente fue "Estilo de vida sedentario" y la principal intervencion para este diagnostico fue la "Promocion del ejercicio" y el resultado "Participacion en el ocio". La prevalencia de estos hallazgos fue 14,43%, respectivamente. Conclusion: los datos contribuyeron a identificar el perfil de los pacientes en seguimiento, reforzando la necesidad de intensificacion de la actuacion del enfermero en la planificacion de intervenciones en consulta de Enfermeria. Descritores : Cuidados de Enfermeria; Enfermeria Oncologica; Diagnostico de Enfermeria, Proceso de Enfermeria.

RESUMO Objetivo: revisar a literatura cientifica, nacional e internacional, sobre a identificacao e os cuidados no Transtorno de Acumulacao, apos a inclusao no Manual Diagnostico e Estatistico de Transtornos Mentais (DSM-5). Metodo: revisao integrativa, realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e Science Direct, mediante os descritores Terapeutica, Transtorno de Acumulacao, Sinais e Sintomas e a palavra-chave Acumulacao Compulsiva. Resultados: 754 artigos publicados entre maio de 2013 e junho de 2016. Apos criterios e leitura na integra, foram selecionados 11 artigos, dando origem a tres categorias de analise. Conclusao: os estudos analisados apresentaram duvidas quanto aos criterios e falhas na identificacao social de individuos acumuladores. Faz-se necessaria uma maior aproximacao, com concepcao ampliada, de forma a contemplar o acolhimento na rede de atencao em saude, em virtude do desconhecimento da doenca. Descritores: Transtorno de Acumulacao; Sinais e Sintomas; Terapeuticas; Cuidados de Enfermagem; Enfermagem; Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo. ABSTRACT Objective: to review the national and international scientific literature on identification and care in Accumulation Disorder after inclusion in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Method: integrative review, performed in the LILACS, MEDLINE and Science Direct databases, using the descriptors Therapeutic, Accumulation Disorder, Signs and Symptoms and the keyword Compulsive Accumulation. Results : 754 articles published between May 2013 and June 2016. Following the criteria and reading in full, 11 articles were selected, giving rise to three categories of analysis. Conclusion: the studies analyzed presented doubts about the criteria and failures in the social identification of accumulating individuals. A closer approximation, with an expanded conception, is necessary in order to contemplate the reception in the healthcare network, due to the lack of knowledge of the disease. Descriptors: Hoarding Disorder; Sings and Symptoms; Therapeutics; Nursing Care; Nursing; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. RESUMEN Objetivo: revisar la literatura cientifica, nacional e internacional, sobre la identificacion y los cuidados en el Trastorno de Acumulacion, tras su inclusion en el Manual Diagnostico y Estadistico de Trastornos Mentales (DSM-5). Metodo: revision integrativa, realizada en las bases de datos LILACS, MEDLINE y Science Direct, mediante los descriptores Terapeutica, Trastorno de Acumulacion, Signos y Sintomas y la palabra clave Acumulacion Compulsiva. Resultados: 754 articulos publicados entre mayo de 2013 y junio de 2016. Tras criterios y lectura integra, se seleccionaron 11 articulos, dando origen a tres categorias de analisis. Conclusion: los estudios analizados presentaron dudas en cuanto a los criterios y fallas en la identificacion social de individuos acumuladores. Se hace necesaria una mayor aproximacion, con concepcion ampliada, para contemplar la acogida en la red de atencion en salud, en virtud del desconocimiento de la enfermedad. Descriptores: Terapeutica; Trastorno de Acumulacion; Signos y Sintomas; Atencion de Enfermeria; Enfermaria;Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo.

Le mode d'action des perturbateurs endocriniens ne s'inscrit pas dans le paradigme classique de la toxicologie, selon lequel " la dose fait le poison ", en raison des spécificités suivantes: âge d'exposition, temps écoulé entre l'exposition et ses effets, interactions entre les substances chimiques, dynamique de réponse à la dose et effets latents à long terme. Plutôt que de rechercher une valeur seuil, dont l'existence ne peut être déterminée avec certitude, il est préférable de limiter au minimum toute exposition humaine aux substances caractérisées comme perturbateurs endocriniens.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality. However, it is necessary to analyze this disease from different perspectives. Cancer mortality maps are used by public health officials to identify areas of excess and to guide surveillance and control activities. However, the interpretation of these maps is difficult due to the presence of extremely unreliable rates, which typically occur for sparsely populated areas and/or less frequent cancers. The analysis of the relationships between health data and risk factors is often hindered by the fact that these variables are frequently assessed at different geographical scales. Geostatistical techniques that have enabled the process of filtering noise from the maps of cancer mortality and estimating the risk at different scales were recently developed. This paper presents the application of Poisson kriging for the examination of the spatial distribution of cancer mortality in the "Picardy region, France". The aim of this study is to incorporate the size and shape of administrative units as well as the population density into the filtering of noisy mortality rates and to estimate the corresponding risk at a fine resolution.

15 glycol ethers can be extracted from water by solidphase microextraction with a carboxen-polydimethyl-siloxane and separated by GC a Carbowax column. Water containing 15 glycol ethers at concentrations 0.1–10 mg.L−1 is saturated at ambient temperature with NaCl. A carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane-coated fiber is then exposed to the liquid for 20 min and then automatically injected into a capillary GC injection port. Calibration curves were linear for different glycol ethers in the rang 0.1–10 mg.L−1 Detection limits of each component of the mixture of glycol ethers between 50–500 μg.L−1. The SPME method with direct immersion in water results in better sensivity than methods based on liquid-liquid extraction.

There is a lack of data for health risk assessment of long term personal exposure to certain ubiquitous air pollutants present particularly in urban atmospheres. The relationship between ambient background concentrations and personal exposure is often unknown. A pilot campaign to measure indoor concentrations, outdoor concentrations and personal exposure to benzene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde was conducted in a medium sized French town. A strong contribution to total personal exposure was observed from indoor sources, especially for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, suggesting that indoor sources are dominant for these compounds. For benzene, the average personal exposure exceeded a 10 microgm(-3) limit value, although this was not the case for the ambient background concentration. For formaldehyde, the limit level was also exceeded. Observations suggest that true personal exposure cannot be determined directly from measurements pertaining from fixed ambient background monitoring stations. It is hoped that this will be taken into consideration by the bodies responsible for monitoring air pollution and the future European Air Quality Directive.

The exposure of workers to methylene chloride and phenol in an aeronautical workshop was measured during stripping of paint from a Boeing B 747. Methylene chloride exposure was measured during two work days by personal air sampling, while area sampling was used for phenol. During paint stripping operations, methylene chloride air concentrations ranged from 299.2 mg/m3 (83.1 ppm) to 1888.9 mg/m3 (524.7 ppm). The exposures to methylene chloride calculated for an 8-h work day ranged from 86 mg/m3 (23.9 ppm) to 1239.5 mg/m3 (344.3 ppm). In another aeronautical workshop, exposure to organic solvents, especially ethylene glycol monoethylether acetate (EGEEA), was controlled during the painting of an Airbus A 320. The external exposure to solvents and EGEEA was measured by means of individual air sampling. The estimation of internal exposure to EGEEA was made by measuring its urinary metabolite, ethoxyacetic acid (EAA). Both measurements were made during the course of 3 days. The biological samples were taken pre- and post-shift. During painting operations, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, n-butyl alcohol, methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene, n-butyl acetate, ethylbenzene, xylenes and EGEEA were detected in working atmospheres. For these solvents, air concentrations ranged from 0.1 ppm to 69.1 ppm. EGEEA concentrations ranged from 29.2 mg/m3 (5.4 ppm) to 150.1 mg/m3 (27.8 ppm). For biological samples, the average concentrations of EAA were 108.4 mg/g creatinine in pre-shift and 139.4 mg/g creatinine in post-shift samples. Despite the fact that workers wore protective respiratory equipment during paint spraying operations, EEA urinary concentrations are high and suggest that percutaneous uptake is the main route of exposure for EGEEA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

2-Butoxyethanol (2-BE), is frequently used as a component of industrial and household cleaning agents like those used in window cleaners. In these preparations, 2-BE concentrations ranged from 1 percent to 30 percent in volume. The exposures of 16 cleaning women and 13 cleaners of cars were determined by environmental and biological monitoring. Questionnaires completed by these employees provided basic information for an assessment of factors contributing to the level of exposure. The time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations of 2-BE were determined by individual sampling. Preshift and endshift urine samples were analyzed for butoxy-acetic acid (BAA), one specific metabolite of 2-BE. The 2-BE TWA of the workers ranged from

International audience

Following the wreck of the oil tanker ERIKA off the north-west coast of France in December 1999, cleaning up of the beaches involved considerable work, which in any case could not be perfect. This raised the question of the short- and long-term health risks for the future bathers related to the toxicity of the remaining oil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This risk assessment study was conducted to help health authorities plan risk management policies and inform the public. Thirty-six beaches were selected, representing a sample of the most frequently encountered topographic and beach usage situations; seven “control” beaches, unspoiled by ERIKA, were also investigated. Samples of water and sand were taken from each site, as well as from the surface of rocks. The 16 PAHs selected by the U.S. EPA were quantified in each environment. Several scenarios of exposure were contemplated: (1) a child between 2 and 4 years accidentally ingesting a small ball of fuel, (2) a child daily exposed throughout his holiday-time stay, (3) an adult (including a pregnant woman) spending his/her holidays on the coast, (4) an adult working on the beach, (5) and an adult practicing water sports. Among the available and significant toxicological values, the most conservative ones were selected for computing risks. The sand and water, after decontamination, were slightly polluted (respectively, 7.8 μg/kg and 23.3 ng/l of total 16 PAHs), with values similar to those found in the control beaches. By contrast, the rocky areas in some places were still highly polluted (up to 23 mg/kg on the surface layer). No lethal risk was found for a young child who had accidentally ingested a small ball of fuel. The life-long excess risks for skin cancer and for all other cancers were about 10−5 in scenarios including contact with the polluted rocks. In all other cases, excess risks were considerably lower. The hazard quotient for teratogenic effects was very small, except in scenarios where pregnant women would walk among rocks containing high pollution levels. In conclusion, exposure was mainly associated with polluted water among children, and with spoiled rocks for adults. Despite uncertainties, mainly dealing with the prediction of long-term risks following a short-term exposure, this study showed that beaches where pollution was no longer visible after decontamination did not entail any significant health risks and could be opened to the public.

There is a lack of data on environmental benzene exposure in children. In this study, we compared personal benzene exposure and inhalation uptake in a group of children to those of their parents. We also compared levels of urinary benzene metabolites, trans,trans-muconic acid (MA) and hydroquinone (HQ), for those two groups, and assessed the correlation between personal benzene exposure and urinary MA and HQ concentrations. The study was performed on 21, 2-3-year-old children and their parents recruited on a voluntary basis among non-smokers from the three largest day-care centers of the town of Rouen in France. Average benzene concentrations were measured over 5 consecutive days with diffusive samplers. The following simultaneous measurements were carried out: personal exposure of the parents, concentrations inside and outside the day care centers, and inside the volunteer's bedrooms. Morning and evening urine samples were collected during the same period. Benzene personal exposure levels were 14.4+/-7.7 microg/m(3) and 11.09+/-6.15 microg/m(3) in parents and children, respectively. Benzene inhalation uptake estimates were 2.51+/-1.23 microg/kg/day in the group of parents and 5.68+/-3.17 microg/kg/day in the group of children. Detectable levels of MA and HQ were found in 85% and 100% of the samples, respectively. Intra-individual variation of urinary MA and HQ concentrations expressed as a coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 63 to 232% and from 13 to 144%, respectively. Mean values of MA and HQ (in mg/g creatinine) were 1.6- and 1.8-fold higher in the group of children than in the group of parents (P=0.008 and P0.0001, respectively). Significant correlations between metabolites levels and benzene were not found.

Exposure to airborne pollutants can result in adverse health effects. Acute symptoms can for instance comprise of irritation of the eyes or of the respiratory tract (called sensory irritation). In a recent case, health problems were reported in a French school and supposedly attributed to the presence of airborne irritant pollutants. Based on measured concentrations, the risk of developing the described health effects was assessed.Numerous airborne sensory irritants (aldehydes, organic acids, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), SO2, NH3) were identified and quantified in the indoor air by using active and passive sampling and online monitoring techniques. Reference values based on toxicological properties of compounds (sensory irritants) were taken from the literature. If not available, tentative values were specially developed for this purpose. Concentrations of all sensory irritants remain below their corresponding guideline values and are comparable to literature data. It was concluded that the risk of developing sensory irritation due to the presence of the studied compounds is negligible. This holds both for individual compounds and for the mixture of studied compounds. Limitations of the employed sampling strategy, and of existing sampling and analytical techniques, which do not allow for analysing more reactive compounds—which are strong sensory irritants—may play a role. New sampling techniques need to be developed. Psychosocial factors (group behaviour, increased attention to sensory irritation) should also be taken into account when dealing with health complaints on sensory irritation. Keywords: Airborne sensory irritants, Exposure, Mixtures, Risk assessment, Weighted sum parameter

A combined monitoring and dispersion modelling methodology was applied for assessing air quality at three different levels of proximity to the selected service station: (I) next to the fuel pumps, (II) in the surrounding environment, and (III) in the background. Continuous monitoring and passive sampling were used for achieving high temporal and spatial resolution, respectively. A Gaussian dispersion model (CALINE4) was used for assessing the road traffic contribution to the local concentrations under different meteorological conditions. It was established that Stage 2 vapour recovery reduces BTX concentrations not only near the pumps, but also in their surrounding environment. However, there is evidence that the efficiency of the system is wind speed dependent. The modelling simulation of the worst case wind scenario revealed the significance of local traffic emissions. It was shown that the traffic contribution even from a single road in the vicinity of the station can, under certain conditions, be higher than the contribution of the station itself to the local BTX levels. Finally, after comparison with previous studies, the concentrations measured near the service station (which was situated in a rural environment) appear to be lower than those observed in busy street canyons in city centres. It can be concluded, although Stage 2 recovery system effectively reduces working VOC losses in service stations, that it will only have a limited positive impact on local air quality if the service station is located in a heavily polluted area.

National audience; INTRODUCTION. La progression de l'incidence du cancer en France et dans les pays développés suscite une interrogation sur l'origine de cette croissance et notamment sur l'importance de la composante environnementale de cette croissance. Les études de corrélations écologiques utilisant les Systèmes d'information géographique (SIG) peuvent apporter un éclairage nouveau sur la relation entre cancer et facteurs environnementaux et socio-économiques. Les objectifs sont de 1) Proposer une méthodologie utilisant des indicateurs permettant de mettre en évidence les inégalités spatiales d'exposition environnementale, de niveau socio-économique et de mortalité par cancer et 2) Comprendre les relations entre cancer et facteurs environnementaux et socioéconomiques en croisant ces données par une étude de corrélation écologique à l'échelle cantonale. MATERIEL/METHODES. A partir des bases de données descriptives de l'environnement, des indicateurs de l'exposition environnementale sont proposés : un indicateur de pollution de l'air à partir du registre européen d'émission des polluants (European pollutant emission register, EPER) pour une cinquantaine de polluants, un indicateur général de contamination des sols à partir de BASIAS, un indicateur de pollution agricole ou urbaine à partir de Corine Land Cover. A partir du recensement INSEE descriptif de la population, l'indice de défaveur sociale de Townsend peut être construit. A partir des données du Centre d'épidémiologie sur les causes médicales de décès (CépiDc) de l'Inserm, le risque relatif de mortalité par cancer a pu être défini. RESULTATS. La région Nord-Pas-de-Calais a été choisie pour illustrer les résultats. Chacun des indicateurs est cartographié à l'échelle des cantons mettant en évidence des disparités géographiques plus ou moins importantes. La carte de l'indice de Townsend fait ressortir la région Lilloise ainsi que le bassin minier comme les zones les plus défavorisées socialement. La cartographie des indices généraux d'exposition environnementale semble faire ressortir ces mêmes zones. Les indicateurs d'exposition à partir d'EPER mettent en évidence de fortes disparités spatiales de l'exposition, et des différences importantes suivant le polluant considéré. Concernant le cancer, les résultats sont variables selon la localisation cancéreuse analysée ; dans le Nord-Pas-de-Calais, les situations récurrentes de surmortalité sont localisées autour des grands pôles. Certains cantons semblent cumuler les inégalités sociales, environnementales et sanitaires. Le croisement de ces données spatialisées par canton permettra de définir les liens éventuels entre cancer, environnement et niveau socio-économique. DISCUSSION ET CONCLUSION. Bien que cette approche comporte quelques limites comme la non prise en compte de la mobilité à court et long terme des populations ou encore les temps de latence relativement long pour le cancer, l'utilisation des SIG dans le cadre d'études de corrélations écologiques apporte une vision nouvelle des disparités spatiales et permettent de mieux comprendre la complexité du lien environnement, social et santé

Ethylene glycol ethers and their acetate derivatives were analyzed for their toxicity in vitro on several hemopoietic cell lines, either growth-factor-dependent or leukemic, in mouse, rat, and human species. Considering the concentrations that reduced the cell viability in culture by 50%, most of the ethylene glycol ethers and in particular ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGEE) or ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGBE) should be considered as hemopoietic toxins. EGBE was found to be the most potent toxin on the human promyelocytic cell line, NB4 (median inhibitory concentration (IC50) 5 mM at 6 h; IC50 0.1 mM at 96 h) but also on the factor-dependent cell line DA1 (IC50 80 microM at 48 h). Factor-dependent cell lines were not significantly more sensitive than leukemic cell lines. The toxicity of these compounds falls in the same range of concentration as benzene or phenol, but hydroquinone was significantly more toxic in the same assay (IC50 3-15 microM at 48 h). Toxic effects increased linearly with time. The toxicity of ethylene glycol ethers was confirmed by both assays for colony-forming units in culture medium (CFU-C) (human blood cord cells) and murine bone marrow long-term culture (IC50 5-10 mM). Stromal cells in the adherent layer were more resistant than hemopoietic cells. An all or none toxicity was found within a narrow range of concentration (2-5 mM for EGBE), and chronic exposure over two months did not show cumulative effects on the culture cellularity. The possibility that fibroblastic or macrophage cells worked at the detoxification of the culture is suggested. Results are discussed with regard to epidemiological and in vivo experimental data presently available.

The term volatile organic compounds includes a wide variety of chemical substances with the common feature of being carbon compounds that are volatile at ambient temperature. They can be classified into different families defined by their chemical formulae, each of which possesses common properties, although there may be major differences in terms of toxicity. For that reason the effects of VOC on health have to be considered both in an individual way and also from a global viewpoint on account of their common toxic properties and the role they play in the formation of environmental photo-oxidative pollutants, both outdoors and indoors.

Blood and tissue fibrinolysis were studied in 70 patients(p.) with recurrent venous thrombosis. The fibrinolytic activity and the release of plasminogen activators “fibrinolytic capacity” by 10 min. venous occlusion were detected by using acetate-buffered diluted clot lysis time, euglobulin lysis time and resuspended euglobulin precipitate on unheated fibrin plates. Plasminogen activator content in the wall of superficiel hand veins in 40 p, was measured by Pandolfi’s modified histochemical technique. Our studies showed a significantly low content of plasminogen activators in the vessel walls in, more then 60% of p. in good correlation with blood defective fibrinolytic activity and/or capacity.

The CS2 and H2S pollution was evaluated in two viscose plants: a sponge factory and a rayon spinning mill. Two kinds of sampling were used: background samples with the help of a laboratory van equipped with a Gas Phase Chromatograph and an Air Sampler allowing sequential workplace monitoring. personal samples. The results show the H2S pollution is not negligible and can even be equal to that with CS2 in some workshops (e.g. the spinning-room). The proposed methodology permits an accurate description of the pollution.