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3. An expanding manifold in transmodal regions characterizes adolescent reconfiguration of structural connectome organization

Author

Cleo McIntosh, Kalia Cleridou, John Suckling, Aislinn Bowler, E.T. Bullmore, Richard A. I. Bethlehem, Michael Moutoussis, Sara Larivière, Jessica Memarzia, Kirstie Whitaker, Beatrice Kiddle, Ian M. Goodyer, Michelle St Clair, Danae Kokorikou, Ciara O’Donnell, Rafael Romero-Garcia, Sarah Birt, Harriet Mills, Anne-Laura van Harmelen, Raúl Rodríguez-Cruces, Christina Maurice, Petra E. Vértes, Sara Pantaleone, Casey Paquola, Peter B. Jones, Becky Inkster, Daniel Isaacs, Laura Villis, Boris C. Bernhardt, Ela Polek, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Sian Granville, Barry Widmer, Ashlyn Firkins, Peter Fonagy, Elizabeth Harding, Sharon Neufeld, Emma Davies, Umar Toseeb, Bo-yong Park, Alexandra Hopkins, Junaid Bhatti, Janchai King, Gita Prabhu, Pasco Fearon, Ayesha Alrumaithi, Cinly Ooi, Hina Dadabhoy, Jenny Scott, Raymond Dolan, Tobias U. Hauser, Reinder Vos de Wael, Rogier A. Kievit, Edward T. Bullmore, Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network (NSPN) Consortium [Members of the Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London: Raymond J. Dolan, Michael Moutoussis, Tobias Hauser, Alexandra Hopkins, Rogier Kievit], Park, Bo-Yong [0000-0001-7096-337X], Bethlehem, Richard Ai [0000-0002-0714-0685], Paquola, Casey [0000-0002-0190-4103], Bernhardt, Boris C [0000-0001-9256-6041], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, Cortex (anatomy), Neural Pathways, Longitudinal Studies, Biology (General), 10. No inequality, neuroimaging, neurodevelopment, General Neuroscience, connectome, Age Factors, Brain, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, General Medicine, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Manifold, medicine.anatomical_structure, Connectome, Medicine, Female, Psychology, Research Article, Human, Adult, Adolescent, longitudinal, multi-scale, QH301-705.5, Neurogenesis, Science, Models, Neurological, Thalamus, Nerve Tissue Proteins, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Neuroimaging, medicine, Humans, Association (psychology), General Immunology and Microbiology, Gene Expression Profiling, Nonlinear dimensionality reduction, Adolescent Development, 030104 developmental biology, Adolescent Behavior, adolescence, Transcriptome, ddc:600, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Adolescence is a critical time for the continued maturation of brain networks. Here, we assessed structural connectome development in a large longitudinal sample ranging from childhood to young adulthood. By projecting high-dimensional connectomes into compact manifold spaces, we identified a marked expansion of structural connectomes, with strongest effects in transmodal regions during adolescence. Findings reflected increased within-module connectivity together with increased segregation, indicating increasing differentiation of higher-order association networks from the rest of the brain. Projection of subcortico-cortical connectivity patterns into these manifolds showed parallel alterations in pathways centered on the caudate and thalamus. Connectome findings were contextualized via spatial transcriptome association analysis, highlighting genes enriched in cortex, thalamus, and striatum. Statistical learning of cortical and subcortical manifold features at baseline and their maturational change predicted measures of intelligence at follow-up. Our findings demonstrate that connectome manifold learning can bridge the conceptual and empirical gaps between macroscale network reconfigurations, microscale processes, and cognitive outcomes in adolescent development.

Published
2021

4. A nebulised antitumour necrosis factor receptor-1 domain antibody in patients at risk of postoperative lung injury: A randomised, placebo-controlled pilot study

Author

Martin O. Shields, Kelly Hardes, Daniel F. McAuley, Andrew Fowler, Joyce Yeung, James M. Ryan, Aili L. Lazaar, Elizabeth McKie, William Powley, Andrew I. Bayliffe, Charlotte Summers, David R Thickett, Phillip A Howells, Gavin D. Perkins, Tracey J. Wright, Ciara O'Donnell, Arlette Vassallo, Rob Wilson, Summers, Charlotte [0000-0002-7269-2873], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Pilot Projects, Lung injury, Placebo, 03 medical and health sciences, Necrosis, 0302 clinical medicine, Double-Blind Method, 030202 anesthesiology, Clinical endpoint, Medicine, Humans, Adverse effect, Lung, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Bayes Theorem, Lung Injury, Ventilation, Confidence interval, United Kingdom, Clinical trial, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Bronchoalveolar lavage, medicine.anatomical_structure, Treatment Outcome, Anesthesia, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) signalling mediates the cell death and inflammatory effects of TNF-α. OBJECTIVE: The current clinical trial investigated the effects of a nebulised TNFR1 antagonist (GSK2862277) on signs of lung injury in patients undergoing oesophagectomy. DESIGN: Randomised double-blind (sponsor unblind), placebo-controlled, parallel group study. SETTING: Eight secondary care centres, the United Kingdom between April 2015 and June 2017. PATIENTS: Thirty-three patients undergoing elective transthoracic oesophagectomy. INTERVENTIONS: Patients randomly received a single nebulised dose (26 mg) of GSK2862277 (n = 17) or placebo (n = 16), given 1 to 5 h before surgery; 14 and 16, respectively competed the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Physiological and biochemical markers of lung injury, pharmacokinetic and safety endpoints were measured. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) at completion of surgery, measured using single-indicator transpulmonary thermodilution. Adjusted point estimates and 95% credible intervals (analogous to conventional confidence intervals) were constructed for each treatment using Bayesian statistical models. RESULTS: The mean change (with 95% credible intervals) from baseline in PVPI on completion of surgery was 0.00 (-0.23, 0.39) in the placebo and 0.00 (-0.24, 0.37) in the GSK2862277 treatment groups. There were no significant treatment-related differences in PaO2/FiO2 or Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. Levels of free soluble TNFR1, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1 alpha and total protein were significantly reduced in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients treated with GSK2862277 (posterior probability of decrease with GSK2862277 vs. placebo:≥0.977; equivalent to P < 0.05). The frequency of adverse events and serious adverse events were distributed evenly across the two treatment arms. CONCLUSION: Pre-operative treatment with a single 26 mg inhaled dose of GSK2862277 did not result in significantly lower postoperative alveolar capillary leak or extra vascular lung water. Unexpectedly small increases in transpulmonary thermodilution-measured PVPI and extra vascular lung water index at completion of surgery suggest less postoperative lung injury than historically reported, which may have also compromised a clear assessment of efficacy in this trial. GSK2862277 was well tolerated, resulted in expected lung exposure and reduced biomarkers of lung permeability and inflammation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02221037.

Published
2020
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5. Author response: Effective control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission between healthcare workers during a period of diminished community prevalence of COVID-19

Author

Simone Hargreaves, Francescsa Nice, Naidine Escoffery, Paul J. Lehner, Lucy Rivett, Caroline Saunders, Julie Harris, Neil Bartholomew, Natalia Savoinykh Yarkoni, Anne Meadows, Anne-Laure Vallier, Mary Kasanicki, Joe Marsden, Jo Wright, Charlotte J. Houldcroft, Chris Workman, Mark Ferris, Carmen M. Treacy, Kelvin Hunter, Anita Furlong, Harmeet Gill, Michael P. Weekes, Surendra Parmar, Nika Romashova, Kenneth G. C. Smith, Greg Hannon, Ashlea Bucke, Chris McNicholas, Debbie Read, Myra Hosmillo, Sushmita Sridhar, Linda Pointon, Jane Gray, John Bradley, Josh Hodgson, Emma Le Gresley, Joana Pereira-Dias, Lori Turner, Nicola Ramenatte, Stefan Gräf, Ben Warne, Claire Cormie, Jane Rowlands, Jane Kennet, Penelope-Jane Eames, Christopher Huang, Barbara J. Graves, Sally Forrest, Helen Butcher, Daniela Caputo, Joanna Calder, Anna Yakovleva, Jo Price, Aileen Narcorda, M. Estée Török, Sarah Hewitt, Martin D. Curran, Ian Goodfellow, Valentina Ruffolo, Cordova Jiménez, Michelle Wantoch, Lisa Thake, Zhen Tong, Isobel Jarvis, Laura Canna, Paul A. Lyons, Isabel Cruz, Benjamin J. Dunmore, Anne Roberts, William David Córdova Jiménez, Lucy Worboys, Helen Dolling, Rebecca Rastall, Ommar Omarjee, Sarah L Caddy, Barrie Bailey, William L Hamilton, Ekaterina Legchenko, Debra Clapham-Riley, Rachel Sutcliffe, Ciara O’Donnell, Fahad A Khokhar, Laura G Caller, Kathleen E Stirrups, Fathima Nisha Begum Samad, Hongyi Zhang, Jamie Young, Sofia Papadia, Criona O Brien, Tobias Tilly, Jennifer M. Martin, Nick K Jones, Kirsty Lagadu, Carla Ribeiro, Ailsa Bowring, Nicholas J Matheson, Tim Gould, D. Johnson, Ashley Shaw, Simon McCallum, Tim Raine, Daniel Lewis, Ariana Betancourt, Stewart Fuller, Afzal N. Chaudhry, Lenette Mactavous, Heather F Jones, William David, Rachel Doughton, Theresa Feltwell, Luke W. Meredith, Nathalie Kingston, Hannah Stark, Georgie Bowyer, Gregory J. Hannon, Karen Brookes, Dominic Sparkes, Iain Kean, Ravi Gupta, Cherry Publico, Katie Dempsey, Matthew Routledge, Nicholas K Jones, Aloka De Sa, Giles Wright, Laura Bergamaschi, Claire Mather, Rutendo Nyagumbo, Maddie Epping, Jack Levy, Marianne Perera, Christian Sparke, Fatima Nb Samad, Nicola Reynolds, Michael Gill, Hugo Tordesillas, Oisin Huhn, Anne Elmer, Geraldine Martell, Mateusz Strezlecki, Grant Hall, Andrew Hinch, Gordon Dougan, Jennifer Webster, Helen Murphy, Stephen Baker, Aminu S Jahun, Mark Toshner, Angela Wright, Natalie Quinnell, Joy Shih, Caroline Trotter, Nicholas K. Brown, Federica Mescia, John S. Bradley, and Jennifer Wood

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Transmission (mechanics), Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, law, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Period (gene), Emergency medicine, Health care, Medicine, business, law.invention
Published
2020

6. Author response: Screening of healthcare workers for SARS-CoV-2 highlights the role of asymptomatic carriage in COVID-19 transmission

Author

Jennifer Webster, Stephen Baker, Neil Bartholomew, Aminu S Jahun, Rutendo Nyagumbo, Mark Toshner, Julie Harris, Paul J. Lehner, Charlotte J. Houldcroft, Lisa Thake, Sarah L Caddy, Benjamin J. Dunmore, Afzal N. Chaudhry, Theresa Feltwell, Christian Sparke, M. Estée Török, Nick K Jones, Michael P. Weekes, Emma Le Gresley, Simon McCallum, Tim Raine, Josefin Bartholdson Scott, Grant Hall, Myra Hosmillo, Stewart Fuller, Andrew Hinch, Angela Wright, Gordon Dougan, Jane Rowlands, Aileen Narcorda, Sally Forrest, Claire Cormie, Jennifer M. Martin, Kathleen E Stirrups, Sarah Hewitt, Natalie Quinnell, Joy Shih, Katie Dempsey, Geraldine Martell, Helen Murphy, Ashley Shaw, Cherry Publico, Heather F Jones, Carmen M. Treacy, Anne-Laure Vallier, Surendra Parmar, Jennifer Wood, Ariana Betancourt, Ashlea Bucke, Debbie Read, Helen Butcher, Martin D. Curran, Penelope-Jane Eames, Sushmita Sridhar, Chris McNicholas, Dominic Sparkes, Ian Goodfellow, Nicola Reynolds, Ciara O’Donnell, Valentina Ruffolo, Jane Kennet, Fahad A Khokhar, Hannah Stark, Paul A. Lyons, Francescsa Nice, Karen Brookes, Lenette Mactavous, Claire Mather, Maddie Epping, Aloka De Sa, Lucy Warboys, Isabel Cruz, Naidine Escoffery, Carla Ribeiro, Ailsa Bowring, Nicholas J Matheson, Iain Kean, Tobias Tilly, Daniel Lewis, Ravi Gupta, Kelvin Hunter, Giles Wright, Anne Roberts, Hugo Tordesillas, Isobel Jarvis, Nicholas K. Brown, Laura Bergamaschi, Anne Elmer, Harmeet Gill, Oisin Huhn, D. Johnson, Laura G Caller, John Bradley, Caroline Saunders, Federica Mescia, Joanna Calder, Anna Yakovleva, Jo Price, Richard J. Samworth, Kenneth G. C. Smith, Mary Kasanicki, Hongyi Zhang, Laura Canna, Rebecca Rastall, Jo Wright, Ben Warne, Simone Hargreaves, Anita Furlong, Josh Hodgson, Daniela Caputo, Stefan Gräf, Jamie Young, Sofia Papadia, Criona O Brien, Kirsty Lagadu, Georgie Bowyer, Michelle Wantoch, Ekaterina Legchenko, Debra Clapham-Riley, Rachel Sutcliffe, Joe Marsden, Mark Ferris, Tim Gould, Mailis Maes, Luke W. Meredith, Joana Pereira-Dias, Nicola Ramenatte, Matthew Routledge, Nathalie Kingston, Helen Dolling, William L Hamilton, Linda Pointon, Christopher Huang, Barbara J. Graves, Lucy Rivett, Anne Meadows, and Zhen Tong

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Asymptomatic, law.invention, Carriage, Transmission (mechanics), law, Health care, medicine, medicine.symptom, Intensive care medicine, business
Published
2020

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