Search

Background The importance of endemic human coronavirus (HCoV) in children has been insufficiently elucidated upon. Our aims were to develop subgenomic (sg) mRNA tests for HCoV species OC43 and NL63, and to evaluate the relationships to HCoV genomic loads, single HCoV detections and clinical manifestations. Methods We have used an 11-yearlong cohort study of children admitted with respiratory tract infection (RTI) and hospital controls. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were analyzed for HCoV subtypes OC43 and NL63 with in-house diagnostic PCR. Positive samples were tested with newly developed real-time PCRs targeting sg mRNA coding for the nucleocapsid protein. Results OC43 sg mRNA was detected in 86% (105/122) of available OC43-positive samples in the RTI group, and in 63% (12/19) of control samples. NL63 sg mRNA was detected in 72% (71/98) and 71% (12/17) of available NL63-positive patient and control samples, respectively. In RTI samples, sg mRNA detection was strongly associated with a Ct value

Additional file 1. Appendix: Detailed information about the intervention.

A metric space $X$ is called a \emph{bow-tie} if it can be written as $X=X_{+} \cup X_{-}$, where $X_{+} \cap X_{-}=\{x_0\}$ and $X_{\pm} \ne \{x_0\}$ are closed subsets of $X$. We show that a doubling measure $��$ on $X$ supports a $(q,p)$--Poincar�� inequality on $X$ if and only if $X$ satisfies a quasiconvexity-type condition, $��$ supports a $(q,p)$-Poincar�� inequality on both $X_{+}$ and $X_{-}$, and a variational \p-capacity condition holds. This capacity condition is in turn characterized by a sharp measure decay condition at $x_0$. In particular, we study the bow-tie $X_{\mathbf{R}^n}$ consisting of the positive and negative hyperquadrants in $\mathbf{R}^n$ equipped with a radial doubling weight and characterize the validity of the \p-Poincar�� inequality on $X_{\mathbf{R}^n}$ in several ways. For such weights, we also give a general formula for the capacity of annuli around the origin.

M. Lappalainen, A. Jääskeläinen ja T. Smura ovat työryhmän ESCV-ECDC EV-D68 Study Grp jäseniä. Background: In August and September 2014, unexpected clusters of enterovirus-D68 (EV-D68) infections associated with severe respiratory disease emerged from North-America. In September, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) asked European countries to strengthen respiratory sample screening for enterovirus detection and typing in cases with severe respiratory presentations. Objectives: To provide a detailed picture of EV-D68 epidemiology in Europe by conducting a retrospective and prospective laboratory analysis of clinical specimens. Study design: An initiative supported by the European Society for Clinical Virology (ESCV) and ECDC was launched to screen for EV-D68 in respiratory specimens between July 1st and December 1st 2014 in Europe and to sequence the VP1 region of detected viruses for phylogenetic analytic purposes. Results: Forty-two institutes, representing 51 laboratories from 17 European countries, analyzed 17,248 specimens yielding 389 EV-D68 positive samples (2.26%) in 14 countries. The proportion of positive samples ranged between 0 and 25% per country. These infections resulted primarily in mild respiratory disease, mainly detected in young children presenting with wheezing and in immuno-compromised adults. The viruses detected in Europe are genetically very similar to those of the North-American epidemic and the majority (83%) could be assigned to clade B. Except for 3 acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases, one death and limited ICU admissions, no severe cases were reported. Conclusions: The European study showed that EV-D68 circulated in Europe during summer and fall of 2014 with a moderate disease burden and different pathogenic profile compared to the North-American epidemic. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.