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Hybridization is a process that can occur randomly in nature between different genetically compatible species, as is observed within the genus Catasetum. Thus, this work proposes the description of a new nothospecies found in the lake of Castanho located in the municipality of Careiro Castanho. It is described, illustrated and compared with its parental species: C. gnomus and C. saccatum. In addition, information regarding the distribution, habitat and phenology as well as a key to the natural hybrids occurring in the Brazilian state of Amazonas are presented. Taxonomic notes are presented for five taxa of the genus currently treated as species that, after performing controlled pollination and germination in vitro, have proven to be in reality natural hybrids. Finally, we propose to place C. sanguineum into the synonymy of C. naso.

International audience; Biomagnetic monitoring increasingly is applied to assess particulate matter (PM) concentrations, mainly using plant leaves sampled in small geographical area and from a limited number of species. Here, the potential of magnetic analysis of urban tree trunk bark to discriminate between PM exposure levels was evaluated and bark magnetic variation was investigated at different spatial scales. Trunk bark was sampled from 684 urban trees of 39 genera in 173 urban green areas across six European cities. Samples were analysed magnetically for the Saturation Isothermal Remanent Magnetisation (SIRM). The bark SIRM reflected well the PM exposure level at city and local scale, as the bark SIRM (i) differed between the cities in accordance with the mean atmospheric PM concentrations and (ii) increased with the cover of roads and industrial area around the trees. Furthermore, with increasing tree circumferences, the SIRM values increased, as a reflection of a tree age effect related to PM accumulation over time. Moreover, bark SIRM was higher at the side of the trunk facing the prevailing wind direction. Significant relationships between SIRM of different genera validate the possibility to 2 combine bark SIRM from different genera to improve sampling resolution and coverage in biomagnetic studies. Thus, the SIRM signal of trunk bark from urban trees is a reliable proxy for atmospheric coarse to fine PM exposure in areas dominated by one PM source, as long as variation caused by genus, circumference and trunk side is taken into account.

[EN] Consumers are increasingly animal welfare-conscious and critical of indoor caged housing systems such as those used in rabbit farming, and Europe has committed to legislate a ban on caged animal farming. Research has evidenced several technical and economic drivers of system change or lock-in in the livestock sector. Here we study determinants, motivations and/or resistance to adoption of pro-welfare practices among French rabbit farmers. First, we held 31 exploratory interviews with rabbit farmers and then performed a thematic analysis on the interview transcripts. We then assessed French rabbit farmers receptivity to change, using questionnaires containing 83 variables addressing receptivity to change, technico-economic characterisation of the farms, professional situations, and the personal and professional life of the rabbit farmers. Receptivity to change was evaluated through two synthetic variables summarising pro-change practices (changes already made on-farm to housing, management, feeding, etc.) and interest in innovation (receptiveness to novelty and relationship with innovation) graded on a 3-point scale (low, moderate, high). We analysed effects of technico-economic and sociodemographic variables (social attributes, internal and external motivations) on interest in innovation and pro-change practices using Chi-square tests and Cramer s V. We collected 78 full questionnaires, i.e. covering 10% of the French population of professional rabbit farmers. Results showed a link between interest in innovation and pro-change practices (P, This work was funded by the CLIPP, the Occitania Region, ERDF support (Living Lab Lapins project) and the INRAE (SANBA metaprogramme). We thank the members of the Living Lab Lapins consortium for testing the online questionnaire, and the CLIPP and FENALAP for distributing the online questionnaire to rabbit producer groups. We also thank the French rabbit farmers surveyed for their contribution to this work.

There are two FDA-approved anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies for treatment of multiple myeloma: isatuximab and daratumumab. Owing to expression of CD38 on reagent red blood cells (RBCs), these antibodies interfere with indirect antiglobulin tests (IATs). We sought to understand differences in such interference by performing binding experiments.In vitro experiments to compare the binding to RBCs of isatuximab and daratumumab alone or in the presence of a mouse anti-human CD38 antibody (HB-7 or AT13/5) or a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-analog CD38 inhibitor were performed and quantified by flow cytometry, imaging, mass spectrometry, surface plasmon resonance, and LigandTracer technologies. Serologic testing was performed on plasma samples spiked with isatuximab or daratumumab.CD38 expressed on RBCs can be directly bound by daratumumab, whereas isatuximab requires a co-factor, such as HB-7, AT13/5, or a CD38 inhibitor, suggesting that the isatuximab epitope on RBCs is masked in vitro. Daratumumab samples more frequently showed interference and had stronger reactions than isatuximab samples. Dithiothreitol treatment was equally effective in mitigating the interference caused by either drug.Both isatuximab and daratumumab interfere with IATs but at different magnitudes, reflecting distinct binding to CD38 on RBCs. From the binding studies, we conclude that the isatuximab epitope on RBCs is masked in vitro and binding requires a certain CD38 conformation or co-factor. This circumstance may explain why interference is seen only in a subset of patients receiving isatuximab when compared with interference seen in most patients on daratumumab therapy.

Background Focal cortical dysplasias (FCD) are a frequent cause of drug-resistant epilepsy in children but are often undetected on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We aimed to measure and validate the variation of resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) metrics in surgically proven FCDs in children, to assess the potential yield for detecting and understanding these lesions. Methods We prospectively included pediatric patients with surgically proven FCD with inconclusive structural MRI and healthy controls, who underwent a ten-minute rs-fMRI acquired at 3T. Rs-fMRI data was pre-processed and maps of values of regional homogeneity (ReHo), degree centrality (DC), amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and fractional ALFF (fALFF) were calculated. The variations of BOLD metrics within the to-be-resected areas were analyzed visually, and quantitatively using lateralization indices. BOLD metrics variations were also analyzed in fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) hypometabolic areas. Results We included 7 patients (range: 3–15 years) and 6 aged-matched controls (range: 6–17 years). ReHo lateralization indices were positive in the to-be-resected areas in 4/7 patients, and in 6/7 patients in the additional PET hypometabolic areas. These indices were significantly higher compared to controls in 3/7 and 4/7 patients, respectively. Visual analysis revealed a good spatial correlation between high ReHo areas and MRI structural abnormalities (when present) or PET hypometabolic areas. No consistent variation was seen using DC, ALFF, or fALFF. Conclusion Resting-state fMRI metrics, noticeably increase in ReHo, may have potential to help detect MRI-negative FCDs in combination with other morphological and functional techniques, used in clinical practice and epilepsy-surgery screening.

International audience; Aggressive B-cell malignancies, such as mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), are microenvironment-dependent tumors and a better understanding of the dialogs occurring in lymphoma protective ecosystems will provide new perspectives to increase treatment efficiency. To identify novel molecular regulations, we performed a transcriptomic analysis based on the comparison of circulating (n=77) versus MCL lymph nodes (n=107) together with RNA sequencing of malignant (n=8) versus normal B-cell (n=6) samples. This integrated analysis led to the discovery of microenvironment-dependent and tumor-specific secretion of the interleukin-32 beta (IL32β), whose expression was confirmed in situ within MCL lymph nodes by multiplex immunohistochemistry. Using ex vivo models of primary MCL cells (n=23), we demonstrated that, through the secretion of IL32β, the tumor was able to polarize monocytes into specific MCL-associated macrophages, which in turn favor tumor survival. We highlighted that while IL32β-stimulated macrophages secreted several protumoral factors, they supported tumor survival through a soluble dialog, mostly driven by BAFF. Finally, we demonstrated the efficacy of selective NIK/alternative-NFNB inhibition to counteract microenvironment-dependent induction of IL32β and BAFF-dependent survival of MCL cells. This data uncovered the IL32β/BAFF axis as a previously undescribed pathway involved in lymphoma-associated macrophages polarization and tumor survival, which could be counteracted through selective NIK inhibition.

The smaller the head fragment, the more likely it is located at the bottom and in front of the femoral head, which then determines the most suitable approach. A CT scan is essential after reduction and before resumption of weight-bearing to verify the size and congruence of the fragments and whether there are foreign bodies and/or a fracture of the posterior wall. Classifications should include the size of the fragment and whether or not there is an associated fracture of the acetabulum or femoral neck (historical ‘Pipkin’, modernised ‘Chiron’). In an emergency, the dislocation should be rectified, without completing the fracture (sciatic nerve palsy should be diagnosed before reduction). A hip prosthesis may be indicated (age or associated cervical fracture). Delayed orthopaedic treatment is sufficient if congruence is good. A displaced fragment can be resected (foreign bodies and ¼ head), reduced and osteosynthesised (⅓ and ½ head), and a posterior wall fracture reduced and osteosynthesised. Small fragments can be resected under arthroscopy. The approach is medial (Luddloff, Ferguson, Chiron) to remove or osteosynthesise ⅓ or ¼ fragments; posterior for ½ head or a fractured posterior wall. The results remain quite good in case of resection or an adequately reduced fragment. Long-term osteoarthritis is common (32%) but well tolerated with a low rate of prosthetisation. Avascular necrosis remains a possible complication (8.2%). Sciatic nerve palsy (4% of fracture dislocations) is more common for dislocations associated with posterior wall fractures.

Elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor induces rapid clinical improvement in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and advanced pulmonary disease, often leading to suspend the indication for lung transplantation. Yet no long-term data is available in lung transplant candidates.Lung transplant candidates (defined as being waitlisted for lung transplantation or considered for listing within 3 months) who have initiated elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor were identified in the French cohort of patients with CF and advanced pulmonary disease. Patients were prospectively followed to evaluate treatment safety and effectiveness from initiation to July 20th, 2021.Among the 331 patients with advanced CF pulmonary disease who initiated elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor, 65 were lung transplant candidates (17 listed for transplantation, 48 considered for listing within 3 months). Median [IQR] follow-up time was 363 [329; 377] days. At the end of the follow-up period, two patients were transplanted five and 11 days following treatment initiation, two were listed for transplantation, and 61 no longer met transplantation criteria. Improvement in percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (ppFEVIn lung transplant candidates eligible for elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor, the rapid improvement following initiation of treatment persisted over one year with a reduction in treatment burden and lung transplantation could be safely deferred in most patients.

Background: In recent years, it has become increasingly evident that banana projects in Uganda needed to incorporate consumer preferences into the breeding pipelines to increase the acceptability of new cultivars. A trained panel used quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) as a tool to assess the sensory characteristics of thirty-two cooking bananas (Matooke). The aim was to investigate which characteristics best-described matooke for consumer acceptability. Results: Fourteen descriptors were generated. The preferred attributes of matooke were high intensity of yellow colour, homogeneous distribution of yellow colour, good matooke aroma, highly moldable by touch, moist and smooth in the mouth. ANOVA revealed significant differences in the yellowness, homogeneity of the colour, firmness, moistness, smoothness, matooke aroma, hardness, and moldability across the genotypes (p

2. Catasetum × dalastranum Petini-Benelli & Chiron (2018: 13) (pro. sp.), nothosp. nov. (Figure 6C). Types:— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Sinop, 15 km da estrada da cidade, 7 february 2012, Plácido Dalzotto APB961 (holotype: HERBAM, photograph!). Taxonomic Note: —This taxon is in fact the natural hybrid between C. juruenense Hoehne (1915: 55) and C. matogrossense Bicalho (1964: 1) because of some data which have been stressed by Petini-Benelli & Chiron (2018). First, C. × dalastranum has a certain phenotypic plasticity, which is common in hybrids and was highlighted by Petini-Benelli & Chiron (2018). The lip may vary, being sometimes more closed (as in C. matogrossense) sometimes more open (as in C. juruenense). Besides it has internal carinae much similar to those observed in C. matogrossense. In addition, we can also note that C. juruenense and C. matogrossense share the same ecological niche which makes possible the crossing between them.Another important and relevant factor is the result of the artificial crossing between C. juruenense and C. matogrossense that we obtained from a commercial nursery in Brazil (Figure 6C). In this artificial obtaining, we observe the same characteristics pointed out by Petini-Benelli & Chiron (2018). Petini-Benelli & Chiron (2018) primarily rule out the possibility of hybridization because C. × dalastranum produces resupinate flowers while C. matogrossense shows non-resupinate ones. However, it is a feature inherited from C. juruenense that also has resupinate flowers (see Petini-Benelli 2014). The other differences, such as for example width of sepals and petals, depth and dimensions of the lip, may be due to combination of characters of C. juruenense and C. matogrossense, the result of which is unpredictable (Rieseberg & Ellstrans 1993). Additional specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Alta Floresta, próximo à área urbana, 15 march 2010, A. Grade & A. Petini-Benelli 35APG (paratype UFMT-30849, photograph!); Nova Cana ã do Norte, entrada da cidade, em árvores remanescentes de área desmatada para formaç ã o de pastagem, 07 february 2012, A. Grade & H.S. Lima APB962 (paratype HERBAM, photograph!); Itaúba, na margem da BR sentido Sinop, 10 february 2017, S.M. Araújo APB1148 (paratype HERBAM, photograph!)., Published as part of Krahl, Dayse Raiane Passos, Schmal, Philippe, Chiron, Guy, Silva, João Batista Fernandes Da, Krahl, Amauri Herbert & Cantuária, Patrick De Castro, 2023, Catasetum × grasineideae (Orchidaceae: Catasetinae), a new nothospecies from Brazilian Amazon and taxonomic notes for the genus, pp. 89-104 in Phytotaxa 594 (2) on pages 96-98, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7891982, {"references":["Petini-Benelli, A. & Chiron, G. (2018) Nouvelle espece de Catasetum (Orchidaceae) du Mato Grosso (Bresil). Richardiana, nouvelle serie 2: 8 - 17.","Hoehne, F. C. (1915) Catasetum juruenense. Commissao de Linhas Telegraphicas Estrategicas de Matto-Grosso ao Amazonas 5: 55.","Bicalho, H. D. (1964) Um novo Catasetum L. C. Rich. (Orchidaceae) da flora brasileira. Loefgrenia 17: 1 - 3.","Petini-Benelli, A. (2014) Novelties in Catasetum (Orchidaceae) in the State of Rondonia, Brazil. Feddes Repertorium 125: 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 201400028"]}

Identification key to the Catasetum natural hybrids of the Amazonas state, Brazilian 1. Lip ≤ 3 × 3 cm....................................................................................................................................................................................2 2. Leaves elliptical; leaf lamina patent or erect.................................................................................................................. C. × louiseae 2’. Leaves linear-lanceolate; pending leaf lamina........................................................................................................ C. × roseo-album 1’. Lip ≥ 3.1 × 3.1 cm..............................................................................................................................................................................3 3. Flowers not resupinate (lip facing up)..................................................................................................................... C. × grasineideae 3’. Flowers resupinate (lip facing down).................................................................................................................................................4 4. Lip rounded and entire; lip margin ciliate; antennae short (not touching the column base), symmetrical and parallel............................................................................................................................................................................................................. C. × issanense 4’. Lip trilobed; lip margin lightly denticulate; antennae long, asymmetrical and crossed.............................................. C. × tapiriceps, Published as part of Krahl, Dayse Raiane Passos, Schmal, Philippe, Chiron, Guy, Silva, João Batista Fernandes Da, Krahl, Amauri Herbert & Cantuária, Patrick De Castro, 2023, Catasetum × grasineideae (Orchidaceae: Catasetinae), a new nothospecies from Brazilian Amazon and taxonomic notes for the genus, pp. 89-104 in Phytotaxa 594 (2) on page 94, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7891982

4. Catasetum × mojuense Oliveira & Silva (1998: 110) (pro. Sp.), nothosp. nov. (Figure 6E–F). Type:— BRAZIL. Pará: Mojú, 13 june 1996, J.B.F. da Silva 562 (holotype: MG-150477!). Taxonomic Note: —this is another taxon proven to be a natural hybrid. Artificial crossing and germination have been carried out by E. Pontes between C. ciliatum Barbosa-Rodrigues (1877: 130) and C. macrocarpum Kunth (1822: 331). As for other hybrids this one may show, in any event, a large morphological variability (Figure 6E–F) linked to the variations that C. macrocarpum may present according to the different populations that we can find. Catasetum macrocarpum has an extensive geographical distribution and it occurs, as C. ciliatum, in the state of Pará in which C. × mojuense was found. This, as well as the extremely rare records (only two—see Oliveira & Silva 1998 and Barbarena et al. 2020), strengthen its status of natural hybrid. We can note that C. × mojuense presents flowers with the lip turned upwards (as in C. ciliatum and C. macrocarpum), a lip deep and sac-shaped (mainly as in C. ciliatum), trilobed (as in C. macrocarpum), with lateral lobes erect and slightly fimbriate (as in C. ciliatum) and a midlobe apiculate (as in C. macrocarpum). Besides the antennae traits are intermediate: they are not very developed, and crossed, whereas they are absent in C. ciliatum and well developed, asymmetrical and crossed in C. macrocarpum (see Oliveira & Silva 1998, Barbarena et al. 2020, Petini-Benelli 2022)., Published as part of Krahl, Dayse Raiane Passos, Schmal, Philippe, Chiron, Guy, Silva, João Batista Fernandes Da, Krahl, Amauri Herbert & Cantuária, Patrick De Castro, 2023, Catasetum × grasineideae (Orchidaceae: Catasetinae), a new nothospecies from Brazilian Amazon and taxonomic notes for the genus, pp. 89-104 in Phytotaxa 594 (2) on pages 98-99, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7891982, {"references":["Oliveira, A. T. & Silva, J. B. F. (1998) Catasetum mojuense e Catasetum tucuruiense: novas especies de Orchidaceae para o Estado do Para. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Serie Botanica 14: 109 - 115.","Barbosa-Rodrigues, J. (1877) Genera et species orchidearum novarum I. Fleiuss, Rio de Janeiro, 209 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 585","Kunth, K. S. (1822) Catasetum. Synopsis Plantarum 1: 330 - 331.","Barbarena, F. F. V. A., Costa, D. L. L. & Rocha-Junior, J. A. L. (2020) Re-discovery of Catasetum mojuense (Orchidaceae: Catasetinae), a poorly-known Amazonian species. Neotropical Biology and Conservation 15: 447 - 452. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / neotropical. 15. e 54142","Petini-Benelli, A. (2022) Catasetum. Flora do Brasil 2020 by Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, JBRJ. Available from: http: // floradobrasil. jbrj. gov. br / reflora / floradobrasil / FB 11312 (accessed 16 April 2022)."]}

Catasetum × grasineideae D.R.P.Krahl, Krahl, Chiron & J.B.F.Silva, nothosp. nov. (Figures 2–3). Type:— BRAZIL. Amazonas: Careiro Castanho, Castanho Lake, epiphyte in Igapó, 3°44’08.35”S; 60°26’41.44”W, 8-10 m, 12 January 2022, A.H. Krahl & D.R.P. Krahl 1635 (holotype: INPA!). Hoc taxon naturalis hybrida inter C. gnomus et C. saccatum est, characteres intermedios efficiens. Non-resupinatos flores, ellipticolanceolata sepala petalaque, integrum suborbiculatum labellum com denticulato-serrato margine apice reflexo, parte centrali sacciformi conica, ostio latiore quam longo et duabus parvis protuberationibus in columnae proximali margine. Description:— Epiphytic caespitose plant. Rhizome short inconspicuous. Pseudobulb 3.7–7.5 × 1.0– 1.5 cm, fusiform, erect, clustered, 4-5–leaved, covered by leaf sheaths. Leaves 4.9–19.8 × 1.5–2.7 cm, linear-lanceolate, plicate, 3- 5–nerved, entire and slightly undulate margin, apex acute. Male inflorescence ca. 21.2 cm long, lateral, racemose, 1-5–flowered, erect then arched under the flower weight; peduncle cylindrical, greenish lightly purplish; floral bract ca. 0.7 × 0.6 cm, triangular, lightly greenish, margin entire, apex acute to obtuse. Male flower yellowish with brownish spots, especially on the sepals and petals, non-resupinated, pedicelled; pedicel ca. 3.3 cm long, cylindrical, erect and apically curved, purplish; sepals ca. 4.0 × 1.5 cm, elliptic-lanceolate, symmetrical, concave, margin entire, apex acute; petals ca. 4.1 × 1.6 cm, elliptic-lanceolate, symmetrical, margin entire and reflexed, apex acute; lip 3.0 × 4.5 cm, entire, subtrilobed, suborbicular, margins reflexed near the apex, denticulate to serrate, central part sacciform and conical; ostium ca. 0.9 × 1.4 cm, ca. 1.3 cm deep, opening somewhat flattened (transverse diameter longer), with two little protuberances on the edge nearest to the column; column ca. 3.2 × 1.0 cm, apex rostrate; antennae ca. 1.1 cm long, crossed; anther cap ca. 1.7 × 0.5 cm, rostrate; viscidium 0.25 × 0.35 cm, whitish, sticky; stipe ca. 0.6 × 0.2 cm, lamellate, rolled up, dark; pollinia 2, ca. 0.6 × 0.4 cm, obovate, thick, compressed, sulcate, yellowish. Female inflorescence and fruit not seen. Distribution and ecology:—the new taxon was found and collected on a phorophyte on the shore of the Castanho lake, in an igapó forest, in the municipality of Careiro Castanho, AM, Brazil. Based on personal observations, the parental species have already been observed in this place and in neighboring municipalities (e.g. Careiro da Várzea), especially along the BR 319 road. According to Petini-Benelli (2022), C. gnomus occurs in the states of Amazonas, Pará and Rondônia and C. saccatum in the entire North-Brazilian region as well as in the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul. Thus, the geographical distribution of both species overlaps, including in the state of Amazonas where the new hybrid has been found. The new natural hybrid has been observed in bloom in January, a time when the parental species can flower. Based on author’s personal observations and on herbarium registers (e.g. CRIA database, 2022), we know that C. gnomus flowering generally begins in December and stops in April whereas C. saccatum is in bloom from August up to February. Consequently, the blooming times of both species overlap during at last three months (December, January and February), making possible their crossed pollination. As for the flower visitors, we already observed visit of male Eulaema bees on both parental species, which, once more, makes a genetic flux between them possible. These bees visit the flowers looking for volatile compounds (perfume) present on the lip. Etymology:—the specific epithet is given in honor to Maria Grasineide Gomes Passos, mother of the first author, orchid lover and great incentive to orchid study. Taxonomic Discussion:—the new entity shows characters intermediate between C. gnomus and C. saccatum (Figure 3), which allowed us to infer its taxonomic position as a nothospecies. As in most species within the genus it is impossible to define diagnostic vegetative features because these species practically share the same characters (Holst 1999, Walker-Larsen & Harder 2000). As for the floral morphology, especially in male flowers, we can mention various characters shared with the parental species. Flowers are not resupinate, as in C. gnomus (vs. resupinate in C. saccatum). Floral segments are elliptic-lanceolate as in C. saccatum (vs. obovate-lanceolate and linear-lanceolate in C. gnomus) (Pettini-Benelli 2022). The lip is entire and subtrilobed (vs. trilobed in C. gnomus and C. saccatum), but suborbicular as in C. saccatum, with the margin next to the apex reflexed and overall denticulate to serrate as in both parents (serrate in C. gnomus and fimbriate, laciniate or denticulate in C. saccatum). The central part of the lip is sacciform and conical with a transverse ostium as in C. saccatum and with two small protuberances on the edge next to column as in both parents, however less acute as in C. saccatum. The column shows a more rounded shape and a beak shorter and broader as in C. gnomus (vs. column narrower and oblong with a beak filiform in C. saccatum) (see Figure 4) (Lindley 1840a, Linden & Reichenbach 1870, Pessoa et al. 2015, Petini-Benelli 2017, 2022, Krahl 2020). We propose here a key to all the natural hybrids present in the Brazilian state of Amazonas (Figure 5), i.e. C. × grasineideae (C. gnomus × C. saccatum); C. × issanense Pabst (1975: 405) (C. pileatum Reichenbach (1882: 492) × C. longifolium Lindley (1839: 94)); C. × louiseae Krahl et al. (2020: 216) (C. discolor (Lindley 1835: t. 1735) Lindley (1844: Misc. 34) × C. macrocarpum Kunth (1822: 331)); C. × roseo-album (Hooker 1840: t. 3796) Lindley (1840b: 65) (C. discolor × C. longifolium); and C. × tapiriceps Reichenbach (1888: 133) (C. macrocarpum × C. pileatum) (according to Krahl et al. 2020 and Petini-Benelli 2022). It should be noted that C. × sheyllae Krahl, Cantuária & J.B.F.Silva in Cantuária et al. (2021) perhaps occurs in Amazonas but it is not confirmed. It occurs in fact in a border region between Amazonas and Pará (see Cantuária et al. 2021). We treated C. × roseo-album as a nothospecies, so disagreeing with Barbarena (2021) who treats it as an independent species. We have a large field knowledge as for the occurrence of C. × roseo-album in localities of Brazilian Amazon where C. discolor and C. longifolium are clearly sympatric species a few meters away from each other (eg. Pessoa et al. 2015). Moreover, the nothospecies clearly presents intermediate features between the parental taxa, what we already could observe in artificial crossings. In this way we agree with the opinion of Romero & Carnevalli (1989).

6. Catasetum × yariguii Uribe-Velez & Sauleda (2018a: 1) (pro. sp.), nothosp. nov. (Figure 6G–H). Type:— COLOMBIA. Santander: Cañon del Rio Chicamocha, no date, Jimenez s/n (holotype: HPUJ). = Catasetum cucutaense Uribe-Velez & Sauleda (2018b: 1), syn. nov. Type:— COLOMBIA. Cucuta: Norte de Santander, near La Esperanza, no date, collector unknown (holotype: HPUJ). = Catasetum bolivarii Uribe-Velez & Sauleda (2018c: 1), syn. nov. Type:— COLOMBIA. San José de Cucutá: Norte de Santander, near La Esperanza, no date, collector unknown (holotype: HPUJ-29766). = Catasetum pamploanense Salueda (2019: 1), syn. nov . Type:— COLOMBIA. Santander: Norte de Santander, near Pamplona, 18 july 2019, collector unknown (holotype: HPUJ). Taxonomic Note: —during the years 2018 and 2019 four closely related species were described from Colombia, all from virtually the same locality. The first was C. yariguii Uribe-Velez & Sauleda (2018a: 1) that, in our opinion, resembles C. naso in the lip shape and is sympatric to it (Govaerts et al. 2022). Then, C. cucutaense Uribe-Velez & Sauleda (2018b: 1), C. bolivarii Uribe-Velez & Sauleda (2018c: 1) and C. pamploanense Salueda (2019: 1) were successively described, and always compared to each other, with the distinguishing features being rather weak, especially between C. yariguii and C. bolivarii. All this led us to treat them as conspecific, under the oldest name, C. yariguii. Another fact that caught our attention was the phenotypic plasticity shown by these taxa, which led us to consider them as hybrids between C. lucis P. Ortiz & G. Arango (1994: 29) and C. naso on the basis of habit, flower color and lip shape, intermediate between these two species, both being sympatric to C. yariguii in Colombia (Govaerts et al. 2022). Moreover, the artificial crossing made by J. Fernández G. produced a plant compatible with the phenotype of C. yariguii and C. bolivarii (see Figure G–H). The other phenotypes should be expressed according to the countless varieties of C. naso. All these nothotaxa present, in fact, similar features, intermediate between C. lucis and C. naso. The flower colour goes from reddish (mostly similar to C. naso) to greenish (mainly as in C. lucis). All of them have a lip presenting some concavity as observed in C. naso (vs. subcordate and convex in C. lucis). The inside of the lip is protruding on both sides by thick projections that form a transverse wall along the lip (as well as in C. naso), however these projections can vary in size and shape due to the existence of two obtuse appendages observed in C. lucis. The lip margin can be either smooth (as in C. lucis) or fimbriate (as in C. naso). The lip apex can be apiculate as in C. naso or more rounded because C. lucis has a lip apex ending into a fleshy structure. When analyzing the images in the descriptions we can note that all of them present antennae first parallel and becoming slightly divergent at apex as in C. naso (vs. antennae strongly divergent in C. lucis) (see Lindley 1843b, Lindley & Paxton 1851, Dunsterville & Garay 1961, Ortiz & Arango 1994, Uribe-Velez & Sauleda 2018a,b,c, Salueda 2019). Since the phenotype is unpredictable in hybrids, especially when the parents present different morphological variations (Rieseberg & Ellstrans 1993), we consider as quite acceptable the variations observed in the four discussed taxa.

Catasetum × grasineideae D.R.P.Krahl, Krahl, Chiron & J.B.F.Silva, nothosp. nov. (Figures 2–3). Type:— BRAZIL. Amazonas: Careiro Castanho, Castanho Lake, epiphyte in Igapó, 3°44’08.35”S; 60°26’41.44”W, 8-10 m, 12 January 2022, A.H. Krahl & D.R.P. Krahl 1635 (holotype: INPA!). Hoc taxon naturalis hybrida inter C. gnomus et C. saccatum est, characteres intermedios efficiens. Non-resupinatos flores, ellipticolanceolata sepala petalaque, integrum suborbiculatum labellum com denticulato-serrato margine apice reflexo, parte centrali sacciformi conica, ostio latiore quam longo et duabus parvis protuberationibus in columnae proximali margine. Description:— Epiphytic caespitose plant. Rhizome short inconspicuous. Pseudobulb 3.7–7.5 × 1.0– 1.5 cm, fusiform, erect, clustered, 4-5–leaved, covered by leaf sheaths. Leaves 4.9–19.8 × 1.5–2.7 cm, linear-lanceolate, plicate, 3- 5–nerved, entire and slightly undulate margin, apex acute. Male inflorescence ca. 21.2 cm long, lateral, racemose, 1-5–flowered, erect then arched under the flower weight; peduncle cylindrical, greenish lightly purplish; floral bract ca. 0.7 × 0.6 cm, triangular, lightly greenish, margin entire, apex acute to obtuse. Male flower yellowish with brownish spots, especially on the sepals and petals, non-resupinated, pedicelled; pedicel ca. 3.3 cm long, cylindrical, erect and apically curved, purplish; sepals ca. 4.0 × 1.5 cm, elliptic-lanceolate, symmetrical, concave, margin entire, apex acute; petals ca. 4.1 × 1.6 cm, elliptic-lanceolate, symmetrical, margin entire and reflexed, apex acute; lip 3.0 × 4.5 cm, entire, subtrilobed, suborbicular, margins reflexed near the apex, denticulate to serrate, central part sacciform and conical; ostium ca. 0.9 × 1.4 cm, ca. 1.3 cm deep, opening somewhat flattened (transverse diameter longer), with two little protuberances on the edge nearest to the column; column ca. 3.2 × 1.0 cm, apex rostrate; antennae ca. 1.1 cm long, crossed; anther cap ca. 1.7 × 0.5 cm, rostrate; viscidium 0.25 × 0.35 cm, whitish, sticky; stipe ca. 0.6 × 0.2 cm, lamellate, rolled up, dark; pollinia 2, ca. 0.6 × 0.4 cm, obovate, thick, compressed, sulcate, yellowish. Female inflorescence and fruit not seen. Distribution and ecology:—the new taxon was found and collected on a phorophyte on the shore of the Castanho lake, in an igapó forest, in the municipality of Careiro Castanho, AM, Brazil. Based on personal observations, the parental species have already been observed in this place and in neighboring municipalities (e.g. Careiro da Várzea), especially along the BR 319 road. According to Petini-Benelli (2022), C. gnomus occurs in the states of Amazonas, Pará and Rondônia and C. saccatum in the entire North-Brazilian region as well as in the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul. Thus, the geographical distribution of both species overlaps, including in the state of Amazonas where the new hybrid has been found. The new natural hybrid has been observed in bloom in January, a time when the parental species can flower. Based on author’s personal observations and on herbarium registers (e.g. CRIA database, 2022), we know that C. gnomus flowering generally begins in December and stops in April whereas C. saccatum is in bloom from August up to February. Consequently, the blooming times of both species overlap during at last three months (December, January and February), making possible their crossed pollination. As for the flower visitors, we already observed visit of male Eulaema bees on both parental species, which, once more, makes a genetic flux between them possible. These bees visit the flowers looking for volatile compounds (perfume) present on the lip. Etymology:—the specific epithet is given in honor to Maria Grasineide Gomes Passos, mother of the first author, orchid lover and great incentive to orchid study. Taxonomic Discussion:—the new entity shows characters intermediate between C. gnomus and C. saccatum (Figure 3), which allowed us to infer its taxonomic position as a nothospecies. As in most species within the genus it is impossible to define diagnostic vegetative features because these species practically share the same characters (Holst 1999, Walker-Larsen & Harder 2000). As for the floral morphology, especially in male flowers, we can mention various characters shared with the parental species. Flowers are not resupinate, as in C. gnomus (vs. resupinate in C. saccatum). Floral segments are elliptic-lanceolate as in C. saccatum (vs. obovate-lanceolate and linear-lanceolate in C. gnomus) (Pettini-Benelli 2022). The lip is entire and subtrilobed (vs. trilobed in C. gnomus and C. saccatum), but suborbicular as in C. saccatum, with the margin next to the apex reflexed and overall denticulate to serrate as in both parents (serrate in C. gnomus and fimbriate, laciniate or denticulate in C. saccatum). The central part of the lip is sacciform and conical with a transverse ostium as in C. saccatum and with two small protuberances on the edge next to column as in both parents, however less acute as in C. saccatum. The column shows a more rounded shape and a beak shorter and broader as in C. gnomus (vs. column narrower and oblong with a beak filiform in C. saccatum) (see Figure 4) (Lindley 1840a, Linden & Reichenbach 1870, Pessoa et al. 2015, Petini-Benelli 2017, 2022, Krahl 2020). We propose here a key to all the natural hybrids present in the Brazilian state of Amazonas (Figure 5), i.e. C. × grasineideae (C. gnomus × C. saccatum); C. × issanense Pabst (1975: 405) (C. pileatum Reichenbach (1882: 492) × C. longifolium Lindley (1839: 94)); C. × louiseae Krahl et al. (2020: 216) (C. discolor (Lindley 1835: t. 1735) Lindley (1844: Misc. 34) × C. macrocarpum Kunth (1822: 331)); C. × roseo-album (Hooker 1840: t. 3796) Lindley (1840b: 65) (C. discolor × C. longifolium); and C. × tapiriceps Reichenbach (1888: 133) (C. macrocarpum × C. pileatum) (according to Krahl et al. 2020 and Petini-Benelli 2022). It should be noted that C. × sheyllae Krahl, Cantuária & J.B.F.Silva in Cantuária et al. (2021) perhaps occurs in Amazonas but it is not confirmed. It occurs in fact in a border region between Amazonas and Pará (see Cantuária et al. 2021). We treated C. × roseo-album as a nothospecies, so disagreeing with Barbarena (2021) who treats it as an independent species. We have a large field knowledge as for the occurrence of C. × roseo-album in localities of Brazilian Amazon where C. discolor and C. longifolium are clearly sympatric species a few meters away from each other (eg. Pessoa et al. 2015). Moreover, the nothospecies clearly presents intermediate features between the parental taxa, what we already could observe in artificial crossings. In this way we agree with the opinion of Romero & Carnevalli (1989)., Published as part of Krahl, Dayse Raiane Passos, Schmal, Philippe, Chiron, Guy, Silva, João Batista Fernandes Da, Krahl, Amauri Herbert & Cantuária, Patrick De Castro, 2023, Catasetum × grasineideae (Orchidaceae: Catasetinae), a new nothospecies from Brazilian Amazon and taxonomic notes for the genus, pp. 89-104 in Phytotaxa 594 (2) on pages 90-94, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7891982, {"references":["Petini-Benelli, A. (2022) Catasetum. Flora do Brasil 2020 by Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, JBRJ. Available from: http: // floradobrasil. jbrj. gov. br / reflora / floradobrasil / FB 11312 (accessed 16 April 2022).","Holst, A. W. (1999) The world of Catasetums. Timber Press, Portland, 560 pp.","Walker-Larsen, J. & Harder, L. D. (2000) The evolution of staminodes in Angiosperms: patterns of stamen reduction, loss, and functional re-invention. American Journal of Botany 87: 1367 - 1384. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2656866","Lindley, J. (1840 a) Catasetum saccatum. Edwards's Botanical Register 26: 76.","Linden, J. J. & Reichenbach, H. G. (1870) Catasetum gnomus. Xenia Orchidaceae 2: 171.","Pessoa, E. M., Barros, F. & Alves, M. (2015) Orchidaceae from Virua National Park, Roraima, Brazilian Amazon. Phytotaxa 192: 61 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 192.2.1","Petini-Benelli, A. (2017) Catasetum Rich. ex Kunth (Orchidaceae): filogenia e monografia do genero para a flora de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Dissertation, Federal University of Mato Grosso, 408 pp.","Krahl, D. R. P., Krahl, A. H. & Chiron, G. (2020) Catasetum × louisiae (Orchidaceae, Catasetinae), a new natural hybrid for the Brazilian Amazon. Richardiana, nouvelle serie 4: 214 - 223.","Pabst, G. F. J. (1975) New or Critical Orchids from Brazil - VII. Orchid Review 83 (990): 405 - 406.","Reichenbach, H. G. (1882) Catasetum pileatum. The Gardeners` Chronicles, new series 17: 492.","Lindley, J. (1839) Catasetum longifolium. Edwards's Botanical Register 25 (misc.): 94.","Lindley, J. (1835) Monachanthus discolor. Edwards's Botanical Register 20: t. 1735.","Lindley, J., 1844. Catasetum discolor. Edwards's Botanical Register 30 (misc.): 34.","Kunth, K. S. (1822) Catasetum. Synopsis Plantarum 1: 330 - 331.","Hooker, W. J. (1840) Monochanthus roseo-albus. Curtis's Botanical Magazine 67: t. 3796.","Lindley, J. (1840 b) Catasetum (Monachanthus) roseo-album. Edwards's Botanical Register 26 (misc.): 65","Reichenbach, H. G. (1888) Catasetum tapiriceps. The Gardeners` Chronicles 3: 136.","Cantuaria, P. C., Krahl, D. R. P., Krahl, A. H., Chiron, G. & Silva, J. B. F. (2021) Catasetum × sheyllae (Orchidaceae: Catasetinae), a new natural hybrid from Brazilian Amazon. Phytotaxa 527: 257 - 265. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 527.4.3","Barbarena, F. F. V. A. (2021) Taxonomic notes on Catasetum roseoalbum (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae): reaffirming Catasetum ciliatum as a synonym. Phytotaxa 529: 171 - 173. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 529.1.13"]}

5. Catasetum naso Lindley (1843b: Misc. 71). Type:—Origin unknown, “received last year from Linden by Mr. Rucker (holotype: K). = Catasetum sanguineum Lindley & Paxton (1851: 168), syn. nov., Type:—“Central America”. Ex Hort. T. Brocklehurst (lectotype designated by Romero & Jenny (1993): K). Taxonomic Note: — Catasetum naso Lindley (1843b: Misc. 71) and C. sanguineum Lindley & Paxton (1851: 168) are two species described in the middle of 19 th century and, from that time, several morphological variations were observed which caused each of them to have at least three different variations described. However, all these variations present morphological features in common (see Hooker 1854, Dunsterville & Garay 1961). In a general way C. naso and C. sanguineum only differ by the lip dimensions (lip larger with an apex broader vs. lip smaller with an apex more tapered), by basal margins of the lip more lacerate and pedicel longer in C. sanguineum (Lindley 1843b, Lindley & Paxton 1851). However, we think that these characters may vary in an acceptable way among individuals and among populations (i.e. intraspecific variation). In addition, both taxa have virtually the same geographical distribution (Govaerts et al. 2022). Therefore, we consider them as conspecific and we propose the synonymization of C. sanguineum, retaining the older name C. naso. Additional specimens examined (C. naso):— Origin unknown, no date, s. coll. s.n. (K000588878, photograph!); Origin unknown, no date, s. coll. s.n. (K001458456, photograph!); VENEZUELA: Est. Trujilo, 15 august 1947, J. Renz 4257 (RENZ, photograph!); idem, J. Renz 4272 (RENZ, photograph!); idem, 11 september 1947, J. Renz 4488 (RENZ, photograph!); idem, J. Renz 4489 (RENZ, photograph!); idem, 27 september 1952, J. Renz 7827 (RENZ, photograph!); idem, 10 september 1958, J. Renz 9169 (RENZ, photograph!). Additional specimens examined (C. sanguineum):— USA (specimens in cultivation): Florida: Alachua Country, ex. Hort., living material obtained from Craing Morrell at U. of Florida. F1226, 03 october 1987, H.G. Hills 87089 (FLAS-181559, photograph!); idem, ex. hort. Living material obtained from Lester Poole, 22 october 1987, H. G. Hills 87088 (FLAS-181557, photograph!); idem, cultivated, without locality, flowered in cultivation at the Univ. of Florida, 01 december 1993, W.C. Whitehill & W.M. Whitten 91527 (FLAS-181738, photograph!); idem, cultivated, obtained from Craig Morrell, flowered in cultivation at the Univ. of Florida, 04 january 1994 (FLAS-181558, photograph!); Pennsylvania: Allegheny Country, Pittsburgh, Phipps Conservatory, Orchid Greenhouse, 10 january 1989, E. Lobdell 976 (CM-342563, photograph!)., Published as part of Krahl, Dayse Raiane Passos, Schmal, Philippe, Chiron, Guy, Silva, João Batista Fernandes Da, Krahl, Amauri Herbert & Cantuária, Patrick De Castro, 2023, Catasetum × grasineideae (Orchidaceae: Catasetinae), a new nothospecies from Brazilian Amazon and taxonomic notes for the genus, pp. 89-104 in Phytotaxa 594 (2) on page 99, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7891982, {"references":["Lindley, J. (1843 b) Catasetum naso. Edward's Botanical Register 29: Misc. 71.","Romero, G. A. & Jenny, R. (1993) Contributions toward a monograph of Catasetum (Catasetinae, Orchidaceae) I: A checklist of species, varieties, and natural hybrids. Harvard Papers in Botany 1: 59 - 84.","Hooker, W. J. (1854) Catasetum naso. Curtis's Botanical Magazine 80: t. 4792.","Dunsterville, G. C. K. & Garay, L. A. (1961) Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated 2. Andre Deutsch, London, 360 pp.","Govaerts, R., Dransfield, J., Zona, S., Hodel, D. R. & Henderson, A. (2022) World Checklist of Orchidaceae. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: http: // apps. kew. org / wcsp / (accessed 16 April 2022)."]}

1. Catasetum × aripuanense Bicalho (1963: 1) (pro. sp.), nothosp. nov. (Figure 6A–B). Type:— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Aripuan ã, mata ciliar do Rio Juruena, perto da Cachoeira Dois Irm ã os, cultivada no Jardim Botânico de S ã o Paulo, 15 May 1963, M. Mee s/n (holotype: SP-68441, photograph!). Taxonomic Note: —Based on controlled crossing and germination in vitro carried out by J. Fernández G. this taxon proved to be a natural hybrid between C. gladiatorium Lacerda (1998: 90) and C. rooseveltianum Hoehne (1916: 35, t. 172). Phenotype resulting from the crossing of these species (Figure 6A–B) was compared to the original description given by Bicalho (1963) and the holotype deposited in herbarium SP. The same morphological features were observed. In addition, two materials deposited in SP and ESA were analyzed and, once more, the same floral morphology was observed. It is also emphasized that both parental species occur in the state of Mato Grosso, as C. × aripuanense (see Bicalho 1963, Petini-Benelli 2022), which strengthens the possibility of hybridation. Catasetum × aripuanense presents an ovate lip as in C. rooseveltianum (vs. trapezoidal in C. gladiatorium), with at base a tripartite callosity similar to that of C. gladiatorium (vs. absent in C. rooseltianum) and the margins are dentate to fimbriate (a character intermediate between C. gladiatorium, that has a fimbriate margin, and C. rooseveltianum, that presents a smooth margin). Moreover, the column in C. × aripuanense presents parallel antennae as in C. gladiatorium (vs. parallel and divaricate in C. rooseveltianum) (see Bicalho 1963, Petini-Benelli 2022). Additional specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Aripuan ã, mata ciliar do rio Juruena perto da cachoeira Dois Irm ã os, 07 august 1962, M. Whitten 93112 (SP-175250, photograph!); Mato Grosso do Sul: Costa Rica, 02 january 1997, A.P. Santo s/n (ESA-108221, photograph!)., Published as part of Krahl, Dayse Raiane Passos, Schmal, Philippe, Chiron, Guy, Silva, João Batista Fernandes Da, Krahl, Amauri Herbert & Cantuária, Patrick De Castro, 2023, Catasetum × grasineideae (Orchidaceae: Catasetinae), a new nothospecies from Brazilian Amazon and taxonomic notes for the genus, pp. 89-104 in Phytotaxa 594 (2) on page 96, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7891982, {"references":["Bicalho, H. D. (1963) Uma nova especie de Catasetum L. C. Rich. (Orchidaceae) da flora do estado de Mato Grosso. Loefgrenia 8: 1 - 2.","Lacerda, K. G. (1998) Estudos em Catasetineas. Bradea 8: 90 - 94.","Hoehne, F. C. (1916) Catasetum rooseveltianum Hoehne. Commissao de Linhas Telegraphicas, Botanica 47: 35, t. 172.","Petini-Benelli, A. (2022) Catasetum. Flora do Brasil 2020 by Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, JBRJ. Available from: http: // floradobrasil. jbrj. gov. br / reflora / floradobrasil / FB 11312 (accessed 16 April 2022)."]}

3. Catasetum × fergusonii Dodson ex W.E.Higgins & Dalstr ̂m (in Higgins & Dalstr̂m 2007: 103) (pro. sp.), nothosp. nov. (Figure 6D). Type:— PERU. Arequipa: 10 kilometers West of Arequipa, ca. 1100 m [sie 2000 m], january 1976, G. Ferguson s/n (holotype: SEL, OIC-6748). Taxonomic Note: —The true taxonomic identity of this taxon was revealed through artificial crossings and germination in vitro carried out by J. Fernández G. It is a natural hybrid between C. saccatum Lindley (1840a: 76) and C. tenebrosum Kraenzlin (1910: 229). The result of the artificial crossing has the same characters as those presented in the original description, differing only by the lip color (more yellow) which is clearly acceptable in hybrids since their morphology may present a large variability, included coloration. In addition, C. saccatum as well as C. tenebrosum show various morphological variations linked to the particular locality where they grow in Amazon, which may in any event lead to hybrid with large variations. It is interesting to note that Higgins & Dalstr̂m (2007), when describing the taxon as an independent species, ignore the possibility of hybridization but use for comparison C. saccatum and C. tenebrosum as closest and more related species even though they show different features as for the arrangement of antennae (respectively, section Catasetum —asymmetric and crossed antennas / section Isoceras subsection Convergentes— symmetrical antennae that come towards each other). Another curious fact is the record made by M. Whitten, deposited in herbarium FLAS, mentioning that we are unaware of the possibility for this taxon to be a hybrid between C. saccatum and C. tenebrosum. We can observe in C. × fergusonii that the lip is trilobed and saccate as in C. saccatum, whereas it is more or less triangular, as in C. tenebrosum. Its margin is sparsely lacerate/fimbriate what is an intermediate form, since the margin is dentate in C. tenebrosum and fimbriate/laciniate in C. saccatum. Besides the margin is reflexed as in C. saccatum. Finally, C. × fergusonii shows on the lip a callus which looks like a variation of the callus of C. tenebrosum (see Higgins & Dalstr̂m 2007). Additional specimens examined:— PERU. Arequipa: road to Quilca. Cultivated, from Oak Hill Gardens; accessioned as Whitehill 0008, 04 october 1993, M. Whitten 93112 (FLAS-178428, photograph!)., Published as part of Krahl, Dayse Raiane Passos, Schmal, Philippe, Chiron, Guy, Silva, João Batista Fernandes Da, Krahl, Amauri Herbert & Cantuária, Patrick De Castro, 2023, Catasetum × grasineideae (Orchidaceae: Catasetinae), a new nothospecies from Brazilian Amazon and taxonomic notes for the genus, pp. 89-104 in Phytotaxa 594 (2) on page 98, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7891982, {"references":["Lindley, J. (1840 a) Catasetum saccatum. Edwards's Botanical Register 26: 76.","Kraenzlin, F. W. L. (1910) Catasetum tenebrosum. The Gardeners' Chronicle & Agricultural Gazette 48: 229"]}

Menosoma elegans (Osborn, 1923) Eutettix elegans Osborn, 1923: 53 Menosoma elegans Oman, 1938: 379 (Figure 4 D–F) Material examined. 3♁ (INHS) – ARGENTINA: Misiones rt 211 36km SE jct rt 12, 26°55'55.0"S 54°43'04.0"W, 450m, 5-Jan-08, C. H. Dietrich Coll., Hg vapor lights, AR-5., Published as part of Pinedo-Escatel, J. A., Becerra-Chiron, I. M. & Torres-Moreno, R., 2023, Studies on Argentinean species of the Bahitini leafhopper genus Menosoma Ball 1931 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae); checklist, key to known species, and redescription of Menosoma taeniatum Linnavuori with a new country record, pp. 275-283 in Zootaxa 5264 (2) on page 278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5264.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7836539

Menosoma xavantinense Zanol, 2001 Brazil, Published as part of Pinedo-Escatel, J. A., Becerra-Chiron, I. M. & Torres-Moreno, R., 2023, Studies on Argentinean species of the Bahitini leafhopper genus Menosoma Ball 1931 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae); checklist, key to known species, and redescription of Menosoma taeniatum Linnavuori with a new country record, pp. 275-283 in Zootaxa 5264 (2) on page 277, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5264.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7836539, {"references":["Zanol, K. M. R. (2001) Duas especies novas de Menosoma Ball, 1931 (Homoptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 45, 243 - 246."]}

Menosoma taeniatum Linnavuori, 1955 Brazil; Paraguay; Argentina; Bolivia rec. nov., Published as part of Pinedo-Escatel, J. A., Becerra-Chiron, I. M. & Torres-Moreno, R., 2023, Studies on Argentinean species of the Bahitini leafhopper genus Menosoma Ball 1931 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae); checklist, key to known species, and redescription of Menosoma taeniatum Linnavuori with a new country record, pp. 275-283 in Zootaxa 5264 (2) on page 277, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5264.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7836539

Menosoma flavolineatum (Linnavuori & DeLong, 1978) Brazil, Published as part of Pinedo-Escatel, J. A., Becerra-Chiron, I. M. & Torres-Moreno, R., 2023, Studies on Argentinean species of the Bahitini leafhopper genus Menosoma Ball 1931 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae); checklist, key to known species, and redescription of Menosoma taeniatum Linnavuori with a new country record, pp. 275-283 in Zootaxa 5264 (2) on page 277, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5264.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7836539

The species of the genus Menosoma to occur in Argentina are revised. Menosoma taeniatum Linnavuori is redescribed using recent samples taken from Northeast Argentina. Overall habitus images of external and internal morphology are provided. In addition, a new country record is reported for Bolivia. An updated checklist and key to all Menosoma species known to occur in Argentina are also given.

Menosoma pictum Zanol, 1989 Argentina, Published as part of Pinedo-Escatel, J. A., Becerra-Chiron, I. M. & Torres-Moreno, R., 2023, Studies on Argentinean species of the Bahitini leafhopper genus Menosoma Ball 1931 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae); checklist, key to known species, and redescription of Menosoma taeniatum Linnavuori with a new country record, pp. 275-283 in Zootaxa 5264 (2) on page 277, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5264.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7836539, {"references":["Zanol, K. M. R. (1989) Sobre a composicao do genero Menosoma Ball, 1931 e descricao de uma nova especie (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 6, 259 - 262. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81751989000200011"]}

Genus Menosoma Ball, 1931 Menosoma Ball, 1931: 4. Type species. Menosoma stonei Ball, 1931: 5. Distribution. Brazil; Canada, Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, Panama, Paraguay, Ecuador, United States of America, Guyana, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, and Argentina. Diagnosis. Body length, males of 5.19 mm to 5.6 mm, and females of 5.5 mm to 6.8 mm. Body: color ochraceous, or pale brown or yellow with crown having brown maculae or lines; crown and pronotum usually with alternating brown, pale, or orange transverse bands. Head: with anterior and posterior margins subparallel or anterior margin somewhat produced and upturned; disc of crown shagreened; frontal sutures reaching ocellus. Pronotum: lateral margin weakly carinate, disc without transverse striations. Forewing: macropterous with three anteapical cells, inner anteapical cell open and outer anteapical cell truncate with several reflexed costal veins; A1-A2 crossvein present; appendix restricted to anal margin. Profemur with only AM1 present; AD+PD seta 1+4. Metafemur setal formula 2:2:1. Male genitalia: segment X sclerotized without process. Pygofer incised to near midlength with macrosetae well differentiated into several rows; simple or with processes. Subgenital plate subtriangular with uniseriate macrosetae laterally. Connective somewhat linear, stem present without processes. Style preapical lobe short or prominent, apophysis short, smooth, with fine setae. Aedeagus with single large basal process extended above gonopore-bearing shaft, atrium poorly developed. Female terminalia: posterior margin of sternite VII slightly projected. Remarks. This genus is be similar in dorsal appearance to other Neotropical leafhopper genera, but may be distinguished by the following combination of morphological characteristics: (1) crown somewhat produced, (2) anterior margin of head convex and upturned, (3) crown usually with alternating brown, pale or orange bands, (4) transition of crown to face without transverse carinae, (5) male pygofer with or without processes, (6) atrium poorly developed, and (7) aedeagus with slender shaft and single basal process., Published as part of Pinedo-Escatel, J. A., Becerra-Chiron, I. M. & Torres-Moreno, R., 2023, Studies on Argentinean species of the Bahitini leafhopper genus Menosoma Ball 1931 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae); checklist, key to known species, and redescription of Menosoma taeniatum Linnavuori with a new country record, pp. 275-283 in Zootaxa 5264 (2) on pages 276-277, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5264.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7836539

Menosoma longita Cheng, 1980 Paraguay, Published as part of Pinedo-Escatel, J. A., Becerra-Chiron, I. M. & Torres-Moreno, R., 2023, Studies on Argentinean species of the Bahitini leafhopper genus Menosoma Ball 1931 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae); checklist, key to known species, and redescription of Menosoma taeniatum Linnavuori with a new country record, pp. 275-283 in Zootaxa 5264 (2) on page 277, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5264.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7836539, {"references":["Cheng, Y. J. (1980) New leafhopper taxa (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from Paraguay. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 53 (1), 61 - 111."]}

Menosoma cinctum (Osborn & Ball, 1898) Eutettix cincta Osborn & Ball, 1898: 97 (Figure 4 A–C) Material examined. 1♁ (INHS) – ARGENTINA: Misiones, Pto Iguazu Viejo Amer. Campgd., 200m, 25°37'19"S 54°32'52"W, 7 Jan 2008, C. H. Dietrich Coll., Hg vapor lights, AR2-1; 1♁ (INHS) – ARGENTINA: Corrientes, P.N. Mburucuya campground, 100m, 28°0'56"S 58°2'15"W, 8 Jan 2008, C. H. Dietrich Coll., Hg vapor lights, AR8-1., Published as part of Pinedo-Escatel, J. A., Becerra-Chiron, I. M. & Torres-Moreno, R., 2023, Studies on Argentinean species of the Bahitini leafhopper genus Menosoma Ball 1931 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae); checklist, key to known species, and redescription of Menosoma taeniatum Linnavuori with a new country record, pp. 275-283 in Zootaxa 5264 (2) on page 278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5264.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7836539

Menosoma monticola Linnavuori, 1959 Argentina, Published as part of Pinedo-Escatel, J. A., Becerra-Chiron, I. M. & Torres-Moreno, R., 2023, Studies on Argentinean species of the Bahitini leafhopper genus Menosoma Ball 1931 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae); checklist, key to known species, and redescription of Menosoma taeniatum Linnavuori with a new country record, pp. 275-283 in Zootaxa 5264 (2) on page 277, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5264.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7836539, {"references":["Linnavuori, R. (1959) Revision of the Neotropical Deltocephalinae and some related subfamilies (Homoptera). Annales Botanici Societatis Zoologicae-Botanicae Fennicae Vanamo, 20 (1), 1 - 370."]}

Menosoma neocinctum (Osborn, 1923) Bolivia, Published as part of Pinedo-Escatel, J. A., Becerra-Chiron, I. M. & Torres-Moreno, R., 2023, Studies on Argentinean species of the Bahitini leafhopper genus Menosoma Ball 1931 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae); checklist, key to known species, and redescription of Menosoma taeniatum Linnavuori with a new country record, pp. 275-283 in Zootaxa 5264 (2) on page 277, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5264.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7836539

Menosoma pseudotaeniatum Linnavuori & DeLong, 1978 Brazil; Peru, Published as part of Pinedo-Escatel, J. A., Becerra-Chiron, I. M. & Torres-Moreno, R., 2023, Studies on Argentinean species of the Bahitini leafhopper genus Menosoma Ball 1931 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae); checklist, key to known species, and redescription of Menosoma taeniatum Linnavuori with a new country record, pp. 275-283 in Zootaxa 5264 (2) on page 277, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5264.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7836539

Menosoma randali Zanol, 2001 Brazil, Published as part of Pinedo-Escatel, J. A., Becerra-Chiron, I. M. & Torres-Moreno, R., 2023, Studies on Argentinean species of the Bahitini leafhopper genus Menosoma Ball 1931 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae); checklist, key to known species, and redescription of Menosoma taeniatum Linnavuori with a new country record, pp. 275-283 in Zootaxa 5264 (2) on page 277, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5264.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7836539, {"references":["Zanol, K. M. R. (2001) Duas especies novas de Menosoma Ball, 1931 (Homoptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 45, 243 - 246."]}

Menosoma stonei Ball, 1931 United States of America, Published as part of Pinedo-Escatel, J. A., Becerra-Chiron, I. M. & Torres-Moreno, R., 2023, Studies on Argentinean species of the Bahitini leafhopper genus Menosoma Ball 1931 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae); checklist, key to known species, and redescription of Menosoma taeniatum Linnavuori with a new country record, pp. 275-283 in Zootaxa 5264 (2) on page 277, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5264.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7836539

Menosoma inprica Cheng, 1980 Paraguay, Published as part of Pinedo-Escatel, J. A., Becerra-Chiron, I. M. & Torres-Moreno, R., 2023, Studies on Argentinean species of the Bahitini leafhopper genus Menosoma Ball 1931 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae); checklist, key to known species, and redescription of Menosoma taeniatum Linnavuori with a new country record, pp. 275-283 in Zootaxa 5264 (2) on page 277, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5264.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7836539, {"references":["Cheng, Y. J. (1980) New leafhopper taxa (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from Paraguay. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 53 (1), 61 - 111."]}