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Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-aph-10.1177_10105395231158684 for Barriers to and Facilitators of Asthma Care For Malaysian Hajj Pilgrims: A Qualitative Study by Rizawati Ramli, Nik Sherina Hanafi, Norita Hussein, Ping Yein Lee, Sazlina Shariff Ghazali, Ai Theng Cheong, Ahmad Ihsan Abu Bakar, Suhazeli Abdullah, Azah Abdul Samad, Hilary Pinnock, Aziz Sheikh and Ee Ming Khoo in Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health

This study aimed to identify the prevalence of medication non-adherence (MNA) and to explore the reasons that influenced MNA among diabetes patients.This study used the explanatory mixed-method design. Phase one comprised of a cross-sectional study followed by phase two of a qualitative study.This study took place at two public hospitals in the Klang Valley, Malaysia.About 427 diabetes patients were recruited and 399 of them completed the study. The inclusion criteria were those with age more than 18 years and above, Malaysian citizen, able to understand Malay or English, and were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus for more than one year. The exclusion criteria were those with an intellectual disability and pregnant women. Phase two involved 12 participants recruited from non-adherent patients in phase one of the study.About 46.6% of the patients failed to adhere to the medication. Malays (OR: 1.66, 95%CI: 1.09 to 2.51,There are many reasons for patients' non-adherence to their anti-diabetes medication. These findings are important in identifying the factors that influenced non-adherence to recommend reliable patient-centred care strategies in improving medication non-adherence among patients with diabetes.

Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is steadily increasing worldwide, with a significant DM population in Asian countries. Adherence to medications is important to achieve good glycaemic control among patients with DM. Thus, patients' adherence to their medication regimen should be determined to optimise DM management. Aims: To determine medication adherence and the relationship between patient profile and medication adherence among patients with type 2 DM (T2DM). Design: Cross-sectional survey. Methods: This study was conducted in a public hospital in Selangor, Malaysia, from December 2016 to June 2017. Data was obtained through administration of the Medication Compliance Questionnaire and an electronic medical records database. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of medication adherence. Results: A total of 232 (95.9% response rate) patients participated in this study. The overall percentage of medication adherence among patients with DM was 55.2%. The majority of participants were female (53.4%), Malay (47.0%), aged 41-64 years (55.2%; mean age, 56.69 years), married (84.5%), unemployed (60.8%) and attended secondary school (53.9%). The factors independently associated with adherence were ethnicity (odds ratio [OR], 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.99) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level (OR, 2.71; 95% CI: 1.56-4.72). Conclusions: The medication adherence among patients with DM in a public hospital in Selangor, Malaysia was low. A health intervention emphasising patient-centred care is warranted to improve DM patients' adherence to prescribed medication. Considering that Malaysia has a multi-ethnic population, the patients' ethnicity and their HbA1c levels need to be considered in the implementation of any intervention to improve medication adherence. Impact statement: Medication adherence is influenced by individual patients' characteristics. To improve adherence to the medication regimen, nurses should consider patients' profiles.

Background: Gender differences in glycaemic control and diabetes’ complications have been well studied overseas but not locally. Gender is one of the non-modifiable factors for the diabetes patient but it is an important factor for effective personalized diabetes care. This paper examined the gender differences in glycaemic control and diabetes’ complications. Methods: This was a registry-based observational study from May–December 2008. An online standard case record form was available for site data providers to register their diabetes patients aged 18 years old and above annually. Demographic data, diabetes duration, treatment modalities, as well as various risk factors and diabetes complications were reported. Multivariate analysis was performed. Results: A total of 20,646 diabetes patients were included. The majority (99.2%) had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D); 42.8% of the sample were men; 57.1% were Malay. The mean age was 58.0 years (standard deviation (SD) = 11.49) with...