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Improvements in hyperspectral image technology, diversification methods, and cost reductions have increased the convenience of hyperspectral data acquisitions. However, because of their multiband and multiredundant characteristics, hyperspectral data processing is still complex. Two feature extraction algorithms, the autoencoder (AE) and restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM), were used to optimize the classification model parameters. The optimal classification model was obtained by comparing a stacked autoencoder (SAE) and a deep belief network (DBN). Finally, the SAE was further optimized by adding sparse representation constraints and GPU parallel computation to improve classification accuracy and speed. The research results show that the SAE enhanced by deep learning is superior to the traditional feature extraction algorithm. The optimal classification model based on deep learning, namely, the stacked sparse autoencoder, achieved 93.41% and 94.92% classification accuracy using two experimental datasets. The use of parallel computing increased the model’s training speed by more than seven times, solving the model’s lengthy training time limitation.

A bidirectional relationship between insomnia and depression has been observed. However, few studies have used network analysis to explore the interaction patterns in that association at the symptom level. This study aimed to estimate network structures of insomnia and depressive symptoms among shift workers, as well as to compare the differences in network properties between individuals without and with insomnia symptoms and/or at risk of depression. A total of 1883 shift workers were included in our study. Insomnia symptoms were evaluated by three items based on the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, and depressive symptoms were assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Network analyses were used for the statistical analysis. "Difficulty initiating sleep", "Hard to get started", and "Depressed mood" with higher expected influence (EI) values were identified as the most central symptoms within the insomnia-depressive networks among shift workers. The significant differences between individuals without and with insomnia symptoms and/or at risk of depression were observed in symptoms of "Difficulty initiating sleep" and "Hard to get started". "Depressed mood", "Difficulty initiating sleep", or "Hard to get started" were the most key symptoms that trigger and sustain the structure of insomnia and depressive symptom among shift workers. Hence, timely intervention for the above three symptoms in future research or clinical practice (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia) may be crucial in alleviating insomnia and depressive symptoms among shift workers.

Background Bipolar disorder’s potential endophenotypes include neurological soft signs (NSS) and neurocognitive disorders (ND). Few research, meanwhile, has coupled NSS and ND as combined endophenotypes of bipolar disorder. object This study intends to investigate NSS and ND and compare their differences in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder (EBP), their unaffected first-degree relatives (FDR), and healthy controls (HC). Additionally, search for potential endophenotypic subprojects of NSS and ND and construct and verify a composite endophenotypic. Methods The subjects were all Han Chinese and consisted of 86 EBP, 81 FDR, and 81HC. Cambridge Neurological Inventory and MATRICSTM Consensus Cognitive Battery tested NSS and ND independently. Results All three groups displayed a trapezoidal distribution of NSS levels and cognitive abnormalities, with EBP having the most severe NSS levels and cognitive deficits, followed by FDR and HC. Among them, motor coordination in NSS and Information processing speed (IPS), Verbal learning (VL), and Working memory (WM) in neurocognitive function are consistent with the traits of the endophenotype of bipolar disorder. The accuracy in differentiating EBP and HC or FDRs and HC was higher when these items were combined as predictor factors than in differentiating EBP and FDR. Conclusion These results provide more evidence that motor coordination, IPS, VL, and WM may be internal characteristics of bipolar disease. When these characteristics are combined into a complex endophenotype, it may be possible to distinguish bipolar disorder patients and high-risk groups from normal populations.

Purpose: Endoscopic thyroidectomy via areola approach (ETA) is a safe and efficient procedure in treating thyroid nodule. However, reports on large nodules(>6cm) resection via ETA are rare. Methods: Between February 2021 and October 2021, five continuous female patients with thyroid nodules larger than 6cm underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy via ETA. The surgical techniques were elaborated and major clinical characteristics including nodule size, operation time and blood loss were analyzed. Results: All the nodules were resected successfully via ETA. All patients were female with an average age of 33 ± 9 yrs. The average largest diameter of the nodules was 6.6±0.4 cm. All patients underwent thyroid lobectomy. The average operation time was 122 ± 8 min . The average blood lost was 17± 4 ml. One patient had transient recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy. No patient underwent a conversion to open surgery. All patients were satisfied with the cosmetic Result. Conclusion: ETA is a safe and feasible option for patients with thyroid nodule larger than 6cm. With cautious selection, large nodules could be safely and efficiently resected via ETA.

BackgroundThe endoscopic thyroidectomy bilateral areola approach (ETBAA) improved cosmetic outcomes significantly and is now widely applied. The usage of drainage tubes is controversial in conventional open thyroidectomy (COT), but studies about drainage placement decisions during ETBAA are still limited. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of having no drainage tube applied during ETBAA on patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma.MethodsThe clinical data of patients undergoing ETBAA from July 2018 to May 2021 was retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into two groups based on drain placement: no-drain and drain. The two groups were matched at a ratio of 1:1. Fifty-five patients from each group were finally included. Postoperative complications and follow-up data were compared between the two groups.ResultsNo significant difference was observed between the two groups in the incidence of postoperative complications, including hemorrhage, surgical site infection, and subcutaneous seroma. Compared with the drain group, the operation time of the no-drain group was significantly shorter [(107.75 ± 24.59) min vs. (119.91 ± 34.05) min, P < 0.05]. The total and postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in the no-drain group [(2.40 ± 0.71) days vs. (4.78 ± 1.33) days, P < 0.001, (2.04 ± 0.19) days vs. (2.15 ± 0.36) days, P < 0.05], and the costs of surgical consumables were also significantly lower [(6,820.83 ± 164.29) CNY vs. (7,494.13 ± 216.7) CNY, P < 0.05]. The postoperative pain score of the no-drain group was significantly lower than the drain group [(1.58 ± 0.63) vs. (1.89 ± 0.76), P < 0.05].ConclusionsNo drainage applied during ETBAA on papillary thyroid carcinoma is safe and feasible. This practice does not increase the risk of postoperative complications, but it does shorten the operation time and hospital stay, as well as reduce medical costs. Furthermore, it alleviates the suffering of patients.

BackgroundPeople with prior experience of severe trauma may be particularly vulnerable in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known about mental health problems among prior trauma survivors during the pandemic outbreak.MethodsA total of 362 Wenchuan earthquake survivors were assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, as well as Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, as part of an online survey between February 3 and 10, 2020.ResultsOur results showed that 6.6 and 4.7% of the participants experienced depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 outbreak, respectively. Perceived social support was negatively associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Earthquake exposure has no direct effect on current depressive and anxiety symptoms, but it would moderate the direct relationship between perceived social support and psychological symptoms.ConclusionsOur findings suggested that trauma exposure may lead to salutogenic outcomes. The protective effect of perceived social support on psychological symptoms was greater in people with a higher level of trauma exposure than in a lower one.

With the development of holography and nanomanufacturing technology, metasurfaces are playing an increasingly important role in the field of holography. We designed a silicon cylindrical structure based on the Huygens metasurface. By exciting the Mie electric dipole and magnetic dipole resonance of the silicon cylindrical structure, a high transmission efficiency of 84% can be achieved at a wavelength of 633 nm, and a full phase coverage of 0-2π can be obtained by adjusting the radius of the silicon cylindrical. We used the angular spectrum algorithm to obtain the phase distribution relationship between the object image and the metasurface, and designed the arrangement of the silicon cylinder metasurface. The simulation obtained a high-fidelity hologram, and the structure has a high transmission efficiency around the 633 nm spectrum. This method can realize metasurface holography with high transmission efficiency, and it can be applied in holographic imaging.

PurposeLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare clonal disorder of Langerhans antigen-presenting cells. However, thyroid LCH involvement is relatively rare. We present the first case of spontaneous thyroid hemorrhage due to LCH progression and discuss the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatments of thyroid LCH in a literature review.MethodsClinical data were collected. Previously published articles on thyroid LCH involvement were reviewed to assess the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatments for thyroid LCH.ResultsA 54-year-old female presented with a multi-system LCH, affecting the uterus, liver, pituitary gland, and thyroid gland. Clinical stability was achieved after systemic chemotherapy. After 7 years of regular follow up, the patient complained of a sudden painful neck swelling and progressive dyspnea. Computed Tomography revealed bilateral goiter with hematoma, and the patient was diagnosed with spontaneous thyroid bleeding based on her clinical symptoms and radiological findings. The patient was incubated to relieve airway compromise and partial thyroidectomy was performed for definitive treatment. Pathological evaluation further confirmed the diagnosis of thyroid LCH. The patient recovered well after surgery.ConclusionSpontaneous thyroid bleeding due to thyroid LCH progression is extremely rare. Treatments for LCH vary depending on the severity of the disease. We suggest that, for patients with multi-system LCH with thyroid lesion, long-term active surveillance of thyroid hormone concentrations, and thyroid gland volume is required. Physicians should be alert of the potentially life-threatening spontaneous thyroid hemorrhage when aggravated diffuse goiter and hypothyroidism appear. Further investigation is required to establish the guidelines for thyroid LCH treatment.

Previous studies have found a negative effect of depression and insomnia on the psychological health domain of quality of life (QOL) among earthquake survivors. However, little is known about the symptom-to-symptom interactions among the above psychological outcomes. This study thus aimed to assess the interplay among the above three variables in survivors 10 years after the Wenchuan earthquake at the symptom level.A total of 744 survivors completed the questionnaire at 10 years post-earthquake, reporting depressive symptoms, insomnia symptoms, and the psychological health domain of QOL. All network structures were estimated and compared using the network analysis approach in R version 4.1.1.Among the 744 survivors, 593 individuals did not have significant depressive and insomnia symptoms, while 151 individuals reported depressive and/or insomnia symptoms. "Little energy", "Suicidal ideation", and "Spirituality" were the key highest bridge symptoms in the three networks, respectively. Additionally, there were significant differences in network global strength, network structure, and individual edge weights between individuals with and without depression and/or insomnia.Intervention programs aimed at treating symptoms, such as exercise therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy, and spirituality education, may improve the QOL of survivors following an earthquake.

This paper proposes a learning model of basketball players structure based on the Bayesian network. By analyzing the data of NBA 's players, we complete the structural learning of basketball players network based on the +/- values of 5 resident players in the Portland Trail Blazers team. We finally obtain a winning and losing models for the five resident players of the Portland Trail Blazers team, and we make suggestions for coaches about player rotation based on the analysis of the models.

Volume holograms can achieve concentration of sunlight, but it has shortcomings such as small concentration angle, dispersion, and complex production process of the volume holography material, which is difficult to mass produce. This paper proposes a method based on the metasurface concentrating sunlight. We analyzed the mechanism of volume holographic light focusing by Kogelnik coupling wave theory, which is greatly limited by wavelength selectivity. Utilizing the metasurface control mechanism on the wave front phase, the array arrangement that meets the light concentrating effect was designed. Simulation analysis shows that the metasurface can achieve light concentration in the visible light band with low dispersion.

Volume holograms can record and reproduce three-dimensional object. Compared with planar holograms, volume holograms can improve the resolution, stereo perception and realism of anti-counterfeiting, and realize three-dimensional anti-counterfeiting. In order to improve the diffraction efficiency and anti-counterfeiting effect of volume holographic anti-counterfeiting, this paper proposes a reflection volume holographic three-dimensional anti-counterfeiting method based on photopolymer. The diffraction characteristics and influencing factors are analyzed by Kogelnik’s coupled wave theory. Based on Piazzolla’s monomer diffusion model, the effects of exposure energy and exposure intensity on refractive index modulation and diffraction efficiency were studied. The simulation results show that the reflection volume holograms can achieve a greater refractive index modulation, with higher diffraction efficiency, stronger wavelength selectivity, which enhances the effect of three-dimensional anti-counterfeiting.

This paper proposes a control strategy for the active training mode of upper limb rehabilitation robot based on muscle strength estimation aiming at the control problem of active interaction of rehabilitation robots for patients with hemiplegia. Firstly, the sEMG signal is preprocessed by filtering and notch methods and extracted by three time-domain eigenvalues of root mean square value, absolute value mean value and variance after completing the collection of the surface electromyography (sEMG) and muscle strength signals of the upper limbs. Secondly, the muscle strength estimation model is evaluated by relative root mean square error and R-squared after proposing a muscle strength estimation algorithm based on Adaboost improved BP neural network (BPNN). Relative root means square error value and R-squared value decrease by 0.0340 and -0.4143 on average respectively compared to the BP model. The result shows that the effect of muscle strength estimation has been significantly improved. Lastly, the simulation of the patient’s elbow flexion task shows the feasibility of the controller after introducing the patient’s motion intention moment into the force impedance controller.

Summarized the heavy metal pollution caused by natural and human activities. The natural causes include the migration and redistribution of soil debris and the hydraulic migration of soil parent rock with high background value under the action of wind; human factors include mining, abandoned mining areas, fertilizer and pesticide application, and sewage irrigation. By examining the sources of heavy metals in soil, the temporal and spatial variation and source variation of heavy metal pollution can be summarized, and then find a reasonable way to intervene as early as possible from the origin to reduce the harm of this pollution to the soil. Finally, future research trends and key problems were indicated, which laid a theoretical foundation for further effective research.

Dielectric capacitors are promising in micro-electronics, portable equipment and hybrid electric vehicles due to their specific features of flexibility, ultrahigh operating voltage and fast charging-discharging rate. The dielectric properties of polymer-based nanocomposite are much related to the interface binding between fillers and matrix. In this work, a surface modification approach employed newfound titanate coupling agent was developed to improve the compatibility between BT nanoparticles and PVDF matrix. After treated by the modifier TC-2, a coating layer contained with active organic groups was formed on the surface of BT nanoparticles. Benefited from the improved dispersibility and compatibility of modified BT nanoparticles in PVDF matrix, the breakdown strength of the nanocomposites was much enhanced. The monodisperse mBT-2 nanoparticles treated with appropriate amount of modifier dramatically enlarged the breakdown strength from 397 kV/mm for neat PVDF to 517 kV/mm for 4 vol% mBT-2 loading nanocomposite. Compared with BT/PVDF, the improvements on the energy storage performance in mBT-2/PVDF are significant. The maximum discharged energy density of 11.27 J/cm3 for 4 vol% loading mBT-2/PVDF is nearly double of that for 4 vol% loading BT/PVDF, and the energy efficiency for mBT-2/PVDF is also increased. The modification method originally represented here has great potential in developing high energy density nanocomposites for advanced applications.

The authors make the following corrections to the published paper [...]

Background In recent years, ER+ and HER2- breast cancer of adjuvant therapy has made great progress, including chemotherapy and endocrine therapy. We found that the responsiveness of breast cancer treatment was related to the prognosis of patients. However, reliable prognostic signatures based on ER+ and HER2- breast cancer and drug resistance-related prognostic markers have not been well confirmed, This study in amied to establish a drug resistance-related gene signature for risk stratification in ER+ and HER2- breast cancer. Methods We used the data from The Cancer Genoma Atlas (TCGA) breast cancer dataset and gene expression database (Gene Expression Omnibus, GEO), constructed a risk profile based on four drug resistance-related genes, and developed a nomogram to predict the survival of patients with I-III ER+ and HER2- breast cancer. At the same time, we analyzed the relationship between immune infiltration and the expression of these four genes or risk groups. Results Four drug resistance genes (AMIGO2, LGALS3BP, SCUBE2 and WLS) were found to be promising tools for ER+ and HER2- breast cancer risk stratification. Then, the nomogram, which combines genetic characteristics with known risk factors, produced better performance and net benefits in calibration and decision curve analysis. Similar results were validated in three separate GEO cohorts. All of these results showed that the model can be used as a prognostic classifier for clinical decision-making, individual prediction and treatment, as well as follow-up.

Postoperative chyle leak (CL) is a rare but severe complication after neck dissection. Conservative first-line treatments, such as total parenteral nutrition (TPN), octreotide and pressure dressing, can significantly prolong the hospital stay. Efficient and well-tolerated conservative treatment options are still lacking. We have developed a new maneuver to treat CL called “finger-pressing.” A thumb is pressed against the point of leakage between the two muscle heads of the sternocleidomastoid. Finger-pressing continues for about 24 h until CL stops. We used this maneuver to treat six CL patients. Drainage output and duration of hospital stay were compared with another six CL patients treated using the traditional pressure dressing. The finger-pressing maneuver cured all six CL patients. Most CLs (5/6) could be controlled after about 24 h pressing. Only one high-output CL required 72 h of finger-pressing to stop the leak. All patients had their drainage tubes removed within 3 days after pressing started and all patients tolerated the treatment well. In the control group, the traditional pressure dressing time varied from 2 to 5 days, until the patient was no longer able to cooperate. Three patients underwent a second operation that cured the CL in two cases. The average hospital stay was significantly longer than that in the finger-pressing group (20 vs 9 days, p = 0.037). Finger-pressing is an efficient and well-tolerated method for treating CL post neck dissection. This maneuver could be a useful adjuvant therapy to traditional methods in treating CL.

An optical encryption method based on computer generated holograms printing of photopolymer is presented. Fraunhofer diffraction is performed based on the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm, and a hologram of the Advanced Encryption Standard encrypted Quick Response code is generated to record the ciphertext. The holograms of the key and the three-dimensional image are generated by the angular spectrum diffraction algorithm. The experimental results show that large-size encrypted Quick Response (QR) code and miniature keys can be printed in photopolymers, which has good application prospects in optical encryption. This method has the advantages of high-density storage, high speed, large fault tolerance, and anti-peeping.

A new double-layer sunlight concentration system, where each layer is divided into two regions, is proposed, and the system has four volume holograms. Since the four holograms convert light in different directions, the interlayer crosstalk is reduced, and the system has a high concentration ratio. The simulation results show that the concentration system can achieve a 30° operation angle range. The holograms are fabricated on photopolymer substrates, and the left half of the system is implemented using two holograms. The characteristics of the left half of the system are assessed. The agreement of the simulation and experimental results on diffraction efficiency validates the proposed method. The tested monochromatic concentration ratio can achieve a record of 418.8, and the concentration ratio under sunlight is 5.38. The experiment results of light use efficiency are close to the simulation with non-crosstalk, which indicates that the interlayer crosstalk is small.

Efficient and low-cost solar-energy collection has become the focus of many research works. This paper proposes a recording method and an experimental verification of a wide-band, large-angle, and high concentration-ratio volume-holographic grating for solar concentration. We applied the Kogelnik coupled-wave theory and photopolymer diffusion model to analyse the formation mechanism and influencing factors on the diffraction efficiency of monochromatic volume-holographic gratings. We design and construct a three-color laser-interference system to record three monochromatic volume-holographic gratings. The best recording conditions are determined by experiment and simulation. A trichromatic volume-holographic grating is obtained by gluing the three monochromatic gratings together. The experimental results show that the trichromatic volume-holographic grating with a working angle of 6.7° and a working band of visible light has a light concentration ratio of 149.2 under an illumination of the combined recorded three-color beams, and that under sunlight is 27.2. We find that the proposed trichromatic volume-holographic grating for light concentration offers the advantages of wide band and high light concentration ratio, which provide a reference for solar concentration.

Background: The efficacy of panitumumab supplementation for colorectal cancer remains controversial. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the influence of panitumumab supplementation on treatment efficacy of colorectal cancer. Methods: We search PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases through June 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the efficacy of panitumumab supplementation for colorectal cancer. This meta-analysis is performed using the random-effect model. Results: Five RCTs are included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with control group for colorectal cancer, panitumumab supplementation is associated with the increase in objective response for wild-type (WT) KRAS (RR = 1.70; 95% CI = 1.07–2.69; P = .03), but has no remarkable influence on objective response for mutant KRAS (RR = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.79–1.08; P = .32), objective response (RR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.00–1.83; P = 0.05), progressive disease for WT KRAS (RR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.85–1.02; P = .15), mortality (RR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.69–1.08; P = .20), or mortality for WT KRAS (RR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.84–1.05; P = .28). In addition, grade 3 and 4 adverse events are found to be higher in panitumumab group than those in control group (RR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.08–1.27; P = .0001; Fig. 8). Conclusions: Panitumumab supplementation can provide some improvement in objective response for colorectal cancer patients with WT KRAS, but results in the increase in grade 3 and 4 adverse events.

Ultra-small cuprous oxide (10 nm) was deposited on the exterior face of alpha-zirconium phosphate (ɑ-ZrP). These nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized using ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) and ɑ-ZrP sheets as a chelating agent and template, respectively. In this article, nanosized cuprous oxide (Cu

This paper works on recovering noised or cropped images by training a neural network based on DCGAN's and WGAN's structures. Various approaches have been used including the generative model using deep neural network, modified inputs for the generator, application of pre-trained classification model, etc. In this paper, the advantages of different GANs are combined to tackle the image inpainting problem. Besides, this paper proposed a special data feeding approach which concurrently trains generator and discriminator of a GAN to further improve the performance of domain specific inpainting tasks. This architecture is evaluated and tested on LSUN[1] dataset with two different domains. The results reflect the feasibility of the approach, and comparing to the existing semantic inpainting methods, this architecture further improves both numerical loss and classification accuracy.