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The CoS2 and FeS2 nanoparticles coated with carbon skeleton were directly synthesized by using CoFe-MOF as precursor, and made them have the catalytic activity of OER and ORR, and successfully realized the rational design of bifunctional catalysts.

Bimetallic core–shell nanoparticle arrays at liquid–liquid interface for the degradation and monitoring of dye pollutants in situ by SERS.

Bemisia tabaci is a threat to agriculture worldwide because of its potential to cause devastating damage to crops. Chlorogenic acid is a bioactive pesticidal phytochemical agent against various insect pests. We here determined the susceptibility of a laboratory strain of B. tabaci to chlorogenic acid and other popular insecticides, and the susceptibility of several field-collected populations to chlorogenic acid. Also, cross-resistance to four common insecticides was measured. Chlorogenic acid had the highest toxicity of all tested insecticides, and all the field-collected populations were susceptible to chlorogenic acid, and little cross-resistance was detected between chlorogenic acid and the other tested insecticides. Furthermore, analysis of enzyme activities and expression of P450 genes in B. tabaci after treatment with LC50 of chlorogenic acid suggested that enhanced P450 activity could be involved in chlorogenic acid detoxification. We subsequently evaluated sublethal effects of chlorogenic acid, and found that treatment with LC25 of chlorogenic acid prolonged duration of two developmental stages, reduced fecundity, and decreased survival rates of treated B. tabaci compared to untreated insects. Overall, these findings demonstrate strong toxicity and significant sublethal effects of chlorogenic acid on B. tabaci, and suggest that overexpression of P450 genes may be associated with chlorogenic acid detoxification.

Additional file 1.

A proof-of-concept municipal waste management system was proposed to reduce the cost of waste classification, monitoring and collection. In this system, we utilize the deep learning-based classifier and cloud computing technique to realize high accuracy waste classification at the beginning of garbage collection. To facilitate the subsequent waste disposal, we subdivide recyclable waste into plastic, glass, paper or cardboard, metal, fabric and the other recyclable waste, a total of six categories. Deep-learning convolution neural networks (CNN) were applied to realize the garbage classification task. Here, we investigate seven state-of-the-art CNNs and data pre-processing methods for waste classification, whose accuracies of nine categories range from 91.9 to 94.6% in the validation set. Among these networks, MobileNetV3 has a high classification accuracy (94.26%), a small storage size (49.5 MB) and the shortest running time (261.7 ms). Moreover, the Internet of Things (IoT) devices which implement information exchange between waste containers and waste management center are designed to monitor the overall amount of waste produced in this area and the operating state of any waste container via a set of sensors. According to monitoring information, the waste management center can schedule adaptive equipment deployment and maintenance, waste collection and vehicle routing plans, which serves as an essential part of a successful municipal waste management system.

The cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum suffered a severe attack by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), causing damage to leaves by feeding as well as transmitting the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), while the wild tomato S. habrochaites is considerably less appealing to this insect species. It is reported that B. tabaci shows innate avoidance to R-curcumene, which is produced naturally by S. habrochaites. However, the mechanisms involved in the avoidance behavior of B. tabaci in response to this chiral compound are still unclear yet. In this study, the functional and binding characterization of odorant-binding protein 1 of B. tabaci (BtOBP1) were examined in vivo and in vitro against R-curcumene. The obtained results showed that BtOBP1 exhibits specific binding activity to R-curcumene, which acts as repellents to B. tabaci. By using a fluorescence-based binding assay, the difference of binding-affinity for R-curcumene between wild type BtOBP1 and the mutant BtOBP1 to R-curcumene was performed, which resulted in a single amino acid mutation (ASN108 > SER); moreover, BtOBP1-N108 displays significantly decreased binding affinities to R-curcumene. Most interestingly, a knock-down experiment with the BtOBP1 showed that the whitefly responses to R-curcumene are impaired. This study illustrated that BtOBP1 is a crucial protein involved in the perception and discrimination of R-curcumene. Our findings may provide an excellent chance of finding a suitable antagonist of eco-friendly features that can block the perception of chemosensory signals in insects, preventing behaviors like food-finding.

RNA interference (RNAi) is powerful biotechnology for studying the in vivo functions of key genes. Based on this property, RNAi can also be used for pest control as an effective alternative to chemical pesticides. The management of phloem-sucking pests is a tricky issue in current agricultural and forestry pest control. RNAi can silence key chemoreceptor genes of phloem-sucking pests; thereby regulating the behavior of these pests can be manipulated. So, it is considered to be a promising new type of ecological pest management strategy. In this study, we identified a candidate taste receptor gene, BtGR11, that controls the taste sensitivity to sucrose in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, which is a serious invasive phloem-sucking pest worldwide. Functional analyses using the Xenopus oocyte expression system and the two-electrode voltage-clamp system revealed that the oocytes expressing BtGR11 responded to sucrose. Furthermore, we found that silencing BtGR11 by RNAi inhibited the function of sensing sucrose in the whitefly. This study reports a key chemoreceptor gene that can be used for the understanding of the gustatory sensing mechanisms of whitefly to deterrent.

Efficient characterization of xenobiotic metabolites and their dynamics in a changing complex matrix remains difficult. Herein, we proposed a time-series-dependent global data filtering strategy for the rapid and comprehensive characterization of xenobiotic metabolites and their dynamic variation based on metabolome data. A set of data preprocessing methods was used to screen potential xenobiotic metabolites, considering the differences between the treated and control groups and the fluctuations over time. To further identify metabolites of the target, an in-house accurate mass database was constructed by potential metabolic pathways and applied. Taking the extract of

Nowadays, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) compounds with a fused-ring core skeleton are getting increasing research interest because of their use in high-performance organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this study, TADF compounds featuring a D-A-type fused-ring core skeleton are developed. The challenging compatibility of a planarized D-A arrangement and the TADF property is achieved through linking the D and A moieties with two oxygen atoms within a six-membered ring. Compared with a single-oxygen analogue possessing a flexible skeleton and a twisted D-A arrangement, these fused-ring compounds with higher skeleton rigidity show higher photoluminescence quantum yields and narrower emission spectra in toluene and in doped thin films. Their electroluminescent devices achieve high external quantum efficiencies (up to 19.4%), suggesting the potential of rarely achieved D-A-type fused-ring TADF systems to serve as high-performance emitters of OLEDs.

Purpose: To develop and evaluate a deep learning-based method to localize and classify anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures on knee MR images by using arthroscopy as the reference standard.Methods: We proposed a fully automated ACL rupture localization system to localize and classify ACL ruptures. The classification of ACL ruptures was based on the projection coordinates of the ACL rupture point on the line connecting the center coordinates of the femoral and tibial footprints. The line was divided into three equal parts and the position of the projection coordinates indicated the classification of the ACL ruptures (femoral side, middle and tibial side). In total, 85 patients (mean age: 27; male: 56) who underwent ACL reconstruction surgery under arthroscopy were included. Three clinical readers evaluated the datasets separately and their diagnostic performances were compared with those of the model. The performance metrics included the accuracy, error rate, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and F1-score. A one-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the performance of the convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and clinical readers. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to assess interobserver agreement between the clinical readers.Results: The accuracy of ACL localization was 3.77 ± 2.74 and 4.68 ± 3.92 (mm) for three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) CNNs, respectively. There was no significant difference in the ACL rupture location performance between the 3D and 2D CNNs or among the clinical readers (Accuracy, p < 0.01). The 3D CNNs performed best among the five evaluators in classifying the femoral side (sensitivity of 0.86 and specificity of 0.79), middle side (sensitivity of 0.71 and specificity of 0.84) and tibial side ACL rupture (sensitivity of 0.71 and specificity of 0.99), and the overall accuracy for sides classifying of ACL rupture achieved 0.79.Conclusion: The proposed deep learning-based model achieved high diagnostic performances in locating and classifying ACL fractures on knee MR images.

Fatty acyl reductases (FARs) are key enzymes that participate in sex pheromone biosynthesis by reducing fatty acids to fatty alcohols. Lepidoptera typically harbor numerous FAR gene family members. Although FAR genes are involved in the biosynthesis of sex pheromones in moths, the key FAR gene of Spodoptera litura remains unclear. In this work, we predicted 30 FAR genes from the S. litura genome and identified a domain duplication within gene SlitFAR3, which exhibited high and preferential expression in the sexually mature female pheromone glands (PGs) and a rhythmic expression pattern during the scotophase of sex pheromone production. The molecular docking of SlitFAR3, as predicted using a 3D model, revealed a co-factor NADPH binding cavity and 2 substrate binding cavities. Functional expression in yeast cells combined with comprehensive gas chromatography indicated that the SlitFAR3 gene could produce fatty alcohol products. This study is the first to focus on the special phenomenon of FAR domain duplication, which will advance our understanding of biosynthesis-related genes from the perspective of evolutionary biology.

RNA interference (RNAi) is powerful biotechnology for studying the

Insect TRPV is one subfamily of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, and it is composed of Inactive (Iav) and Nanchung (Nan), the molecular targets of afidopyropen in several sucking insect pests. In this study, we performed successive selection and synergism tests based on previous work. The resistant afidopyropen strain HD-Afi of Bemisia tabaci reached about 86-fold resistance to afidopyropen, and only part of the resistance resulted from detoxification of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Then, we cloned and characterized Nan and Iav from B. tabaci (BtNan and BtIav), and found that they were expressed in all stages of development and tissues of adult, and the expression level of BtNan in strains of HD-S and HD-Afi were significantly increased after afidopyropen treatment. Further, expression of BtNan was downregulated after gene silencing, and it resulted in significantly decreased afidopyropen resistance in the strain of HD-Afi. Our data revealed the first evidence that overexpression of the TRPV Nan gene is responsible for causing afidopyropen resistance in B. tabaci, and our results could provide new visions on the function of TRPVs in the development of resistance to pesticide and supply evidence for developing novel strategies of pest management.

Aphids are one of the most damaging agricultural pests. For the sake of novel eco-friendly compounds with good activity for aphid control, a series of novel geranic acid esters containing substituted aromatic rings were designed by inverting ester groups of lead compounds. All compounds were characterized by HRMS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. In order to identify the effect of inversion ester groups on activity, a bioassay was conducted. The results showed that the repellent activity against Acyrthosiphon pisum (A. pisum) and the binding affinity with the odorant-binding protein 9 from A. pisum (ApisOBP9) of the compounds were increased after inversion of the ester groups. Particularly, 5f showed the best repellent activity (repellency proportion: 55.6%) and binding affinity (1/Ki: 0.49 µM). Meanwhile, the structure–activity relationships revealed that the introduction of meta-substitution of the benzene ring and halogen atoms, such as Cl and Br, facilitated the biological activity. The further molecular docking results demonstrated that hydrogen bonding interactions and hydrophobic interactions were vital for the binding affinity with ApisOBP9. Additionally, all compounds were predicted to be eco-friendly and their volatile physicochemical properties have been enhanced compared to the leads. The present results provide valuable clues for the further rational design of aphids’ behavioral control agents.

To evaluate the impact of dydrogesterone in the treatment of chronic endometritis with antibiotic treatment in premenopausal women. A total of 188 chronic endometritis patients diagnosed by syndecan-1 (CD138) expression were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial study. Dydrogesterone and doxycycline were given in the treatment group, while single antibiotic was given in the control group. CD138, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor expression in samples of the endometrium was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Comparison of chronic endometritis cure rate between groups was performed based on conversion of CD138 expression from positive to negative. The 188 cases included in the statistical analysis consisted of 93 cases in the treatment group and 95 cases in the control group. The cure rates of chronic endometritis in the dydrogesterone and antibiotic combination group and the single antibiotic group were 86.0% (80/93) and 72.6% (69/95), respectively, with an overall cure rate of 79.3% (149/188). The dydrogesterone and antibiotic combination group showed better effects regarding the cure rate of chronic endometritis (P.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the cure rate of chronic endometritis was not affected by age, clinical diagnosis, hysteroscopic resection, estrogen receptor status, or progesterone receptor status (all P.05). Addition of dydrogesterone was effective for the treatment of chronic endometritis with antibiotic treatment in premenopausal women. The study was retrospectively registered to Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000040227) in November 2020.

Background Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a major damaging agricultural pest that exhibits high resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. L925I (TTA to ATA) and T929V (ACT to GTT) mutations in the para-type voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) are associated with resistance of B. tabaci to pyrethroids. Amplicon sequencing is a reliable and highly efficient method to detect the frequency of mutations linked with insecticide resistance. Results Similar frequencies of L925I and T929V mutations were obtained by amplicon sequencing and Sanger sequencing (L925I: 0.3548 vs 0.3619; T929V: 0.6140 vs 0.6381) with overlap of 95% confidence interval in the SX population of B. tabaci. In five populations of B. tabaci from China, the maximum and minimum frequencies of the two mutations were found in the LN (L925I: 0.1126; T929V: 0.8834) and JS (L925I: 0.8776; T929V: 0.1166) populations by amplicon sequencing. However, there was no significant difference in frequencies between the L925I and T929V mutations. The sum frequency of L925I and T929V exceeded 0.9688 in all populations. In addition, a combining mutation, L925 + T929V (L925I and T929V located in same allele), was found in five populations by amplicon sequencing even though its highest frequency was only 0.0157. Conclusion We established an efficient approach for detecting frequency of mutation by amplicon sequencing. The frequencies of L925I and T929V in VGSC associated with pyrethroid resistance were detected in this study, which could provide foundational data for resistance management of B. tabaci. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

To investigate the relationship between the number of hyperintense foci of T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and the efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in the treatment of adenomyosis.This prospective cohort study enrolled 102 patients with adenomyosis. Participants were classified into two groups: 50 patients in whom the number of hyperintense foci on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2WI was more than five were placed in the5 group and 52 patients in whom the number of hyperintense foci on MRI T2WI was five or fewer were placed in the ≤5 group. Uterine fibroid symptoms (UFS) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores were recorded as indicators for the course of adenomyosis treatment.Among the enrolled patients, 84 received HIFU treatment and were followed up. At 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after HIFU treatment, the UFS score of women in the5 group was higher than that of the patients in the ≤5 group (P 0.05). The ablation rate of MRI T2WI in the hyperintense foci ≤5 group was higher than the hyperintense foci5 group (P 0.05).Number of MRI T2WI hyperintense foci is a factor affecting the ablation rate and the clinical efficacy of HIFU treatment in women with adenomyosis. It is likely to be a predictor of the efficacy of HIFU in adenomyosis treatment.

Through the tautomerization of 1H-indole to 3H-indole caused by triphenylboron, the electron-accepting 3H-indole group and the electron-donating N atom of an arylamino group are integrated into a π-conjugated fused-ring skeleton. The special π-skeleton endows the synthesized complexes with bright orange–red/red emission. The bulky substituents on the π-skeleton, which are unfavorable for intermolecular π-stacking, serve as a factor for suppressing the fluorescence concentration quenching. Owing to the rational molecular design, a red organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with one of these complexes doped in an exciplex-forming co-host achieved simultaneously a high external quantum efficiency of up to 10.2% and a Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinate of (0.620, 0.371), which is close to the CIE coordinate of (0.67, 0.33) of the red primary defined by the National Television System Committee (NSTC). The combination of such high efficiency and good colour coordinate on exciplex-hosted red OLEDs of the traditional fluorescent emitters is rarely achieved. This study opens the application of the 3H-indole group in the OLED materials and discloses the role of suppressing concentration quenching on the challenging combination of high efficiencies and good colour coordinates on exciplex-hosted red fluorescent OLEDs.

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci causes severe damage to cultivated tomato plants, but actively avoids the wild tomato Solanum habrochaites. Moreover, the mortality of whitefly increases significantly after feeding with the wild tomato. However, additional experiments are warranted to more carefully elucidate the specific molecular elements underlying the interaction between whitefly and wild tomato.Our results showed that S. habrochaites significantly increases the mortality of whitefly adults and decreases both their fertility and fecundity. In addition, the expression of stress-response genes in whitefly after exposure to S. habrochaites was analyzed using RNA sequencing. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was conducted to identify the hub genes to determine their potential associations with the mortality of whitefly. These results suggested that the expression of heat-shock protein (HSP), multicopper oxidase, and 2-Oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline (OHCU) decarboxylase genes were induced in whitefly. To validate the gene associations with whitefly mortality, a high-throughput in vivo model system and RNAi-based gene silencing were used. The results revealed that the RNAi-mediated depletion of the HSP gene, which belongs to the HSP70 subfamily, increased the mortality of whitefly. Furthermore, the selection pressure analysis showed that a total of five amino acid sites of positive selection were identified, three of which were located in the nucleotide-binding domain and the other two in the substrate-binding domain.This is the first report on the potential implication of HSPs in whitefly-wild plant interactions. This study could more precisely identify the molecular mechanisms of whitefly in response to wild tomatoes. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

High-throughput surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) reader, especially for liquid sample testing, is of great significance and huge demand in biology, environment, and other analytical fields. Inspired by the principle of microplate reader, herein, we developed a microplate-SERS reader for semiautomatic and high-throughput assays by virtue of three-dimensional liquid interfacial arrays (LIAs). For the first time, the formation of LIA in oil-in-water state, water-in-oil state, and two-dimensional plane state is realized by operating the hydrophilicity (contact angle) of the container. Through the force analysis of LIA, the effect of organic (O) phase density on the relative position of LIA was quantified. In addition, the optimized reader offers fast and continuous semiautomatic detection of 12 samples below 10 min with great signal reproducibility (calibration with the characteristic peak of O phase as the internal standard). The isolated wells in the microplate prevent analyte cross talk, allowing accurate quantification of each sample. Multiplex analysis capability highlights that this reader has the ability of rapid identification and quantification of samples containing various analytes and concentrations. The results demonstrate high-resolution dual and triple analyte detection with fully preserved signal and Raman features of individual analytes in a mixture, which implies that it also has excellent anticounterfeiting applications. This microplate-SERS reader combines the superior advantages of the LIA, microplate, and SERS techniques to retrieve the molecular vibrational fingerprints of various chemicals in complex media.

Fatty Acyl reductases (FARs) are key enzymes that participate in sex pheromone biosynthesis by reducing fatty acids to fatty alcohols. Lepidoptera typically harbor numerous FAR gene family members. While the FAR gene of moth is involved in the biosynthesis of sex pheromone, the key FAR gene of Spodoptera litura is still unclear. In this work, we predicted 30 FAR genes from S. litura genome. A special domain duplication was found with gene SlitFAR3, which exhibited high and preferential expression in the sexually mature female pheromone glands, and its expression pattern was rhythmic during the scotophase of sex pheromone production. Functional expression in yeast cells combined with comprehensive gas chromatography (GC) indicates that SlitFAR3 gene was able to catalyze four methyl ester precursors into corresponding fatty alcohol products. The domain duplication FAR genes were further found to exist in 11 species of the other 19 Lepidoptera insect. The phylogenetic tree showed SlitFAR3 was grouped with the other six FAR with domain duplication under the pgFAR subfamily clade, which is important candidate FAR genes participating in sex pheromone biosynthesis, and the other eight FAR domain duplication genes of 7 species were scattered in different clades. Domain duplications may facilitate the evolutionary diversification of protein sequences, which played diverse roles. This study is the first to focus on the special phenomenon of FAR domain duplication, which will advance understanding the biosynthesis-related genes from the perspective of evolutionary biology.

Nowadays, most intelligent diagnosis methods focus on fault classification and the discriminative knowledge is unknown due to the 'black box' characteristic. However, impulse responses in vibration signals, which is important sign to determine whether mechanical equipment is faulty, are rarely studied under intelligent methods since their recognition is both difficult and time-consuming, especially mixed with noise. Aiming at these problems, a novel impulse recognition method was proposed to capture them from raw mechanical data. Firstly, a single-kernel convolutional neural network is proposed as weak classifier to learn discriminative information from raw data. Then, a coarse-to-fine search is proposed to locate position of impulse response. Finally, the boosting algorithm is used to ensemble several proposed weak classifiers for final output. Vibration signals of bearings with two different faults are utilized to validate the proposed model. The results prove that the proposed approach obtain higher accuracy compared with traditional Laplace wavelet method. Moreover, the extracted kernel functions reveal new knowledge about characteristics of impulse responses, which significantly differs from traditional hypothesis and sheds a light on improvement of relevant approaches.

Introduction/aim Pancreatic necrosis occurs in a quarter of patients with acute pancreatitis, many of whom form an acute necrotic collection (ANC). The current standard treatment is to defer percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) until the latter becomes “walled off,” which takes approximately four weeks. The majority of patients that develop persistent organ failure (POF), the primary determinant of mortality, do so within four weeks. To defer PCD until after four weeks may result in a worse outcome because of a missed opportunity to treat early infection and thereby reduce the severity and/or duration of POF. This study is aimed to compare the clinical outcome of the current standard approach with early on-demand PCD in acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) patients with ANC and POF. Methods/design This is an open-label, multi-center, parallel, randomized, controlled trial. All patients with ANP who develop POF during the first week of onset will be screened for eligibility. In total, 120 study subjects will be randomized to either early on-demand PCD or standard care. Patients assigned to the former will receive PCD when they show signs of decompensation like new-onset OF, aggravation of pre-existent OF, and persistent OF for more than a week. The primary composite endpoint is major complication and/or death. Patients will be followed until discharge or death with an additional follow-up 90 days after randomization. Discussion This study challenges the standard 4-week delay before PCD and will answer the question whether early on-demand PCD is associated with a lower incidence of major complications and/or death.

Background Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are thought to play essential roles in insect chemical communication, but their exact physiological functions remain unclear. Results In this study, we investigated the functions of the CSP2 gene in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci using protein expression and the binding affinity spectrum of CSP2 to different types of odor molecules. Moreover, the evolutionary characteristics of the CSP2 gene were studied. The data obtained using binding assay showed that the CSP2 protein can bind to a broad range of plant volatiles including the homoterpene (E)-3,8-dimethyl-1,4,7-nonatriene (DMNT) and its analogs. In addition, using a behavioral experimental approach we identified that DMNT can repel the selection and oviposition of B. tabaci. Furthermore, protein structure modeling, molecular docking analyses and a functional mutation experiment were carried out resulting in the final identification of key amino acid residue Y11, which displayed important roles in the binding of CSP2 to DMNT. The results also showed that Y11 is located in the pocket region where CSP2 has a pi-alkyl interaction with DMNT. Meanwhile, comparative and evolutionary analyses indicated that CSP2 shared a high sequence similarity with CSPs of other insect family members such as Sternorrhyncha and Auchenorrhyncha including aphids, whiteflies and planthoppers. Conclusion These results suggested that CSP2 likely contributes to mediating responses of B. tabaci to plant volatiles, which may play a pivotal role in its feeding and oviposition preferences. Moreover, these findings could provide key information for exploring efficiency monitoring and integrated pest management strategies of B. tabaci.

In recent years, the intelligent diagnosis technology of wind turbines has made great progress. However, in practical engineering applications, the operating states of wind turbine are various, accompanied by a large number of noise interference, which leads to the decline of the discrimination accuracy of intelligent diagnosis. In order to solve this problem, inspired by the Google team Inception model, this paper proposes a concurrent convolution neural network (C–CNN), the raw data is fed into the network without any prior knowledge, and the characteristics are learned directly and adaptively from the input. Even if the data is accompanied by noise, the model still has high accuracy and strong generalization ability. The model is composed of a CNN with multiple branches. Meanwhile, the convolutional layer of different branches selects the kernels with different scales in same level, thus improving the learning ability of entire network. In this paper, the feasibility of this method for fault diagnosis of bearings in wind turbines is demonstrated by three bearing datasets. The results show that the proposed method can extract discriminative features and classify bearing data accurately under the disturbance of different rotating speed, different load and random noise.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrine disease result from absolute or relative insulin secretion deficiency, insulin resistance, or both, and has become a major and growing public healthy menace worldwide. Currently, clinical antidiabetic drugs still have some limitations in efficacy and safety such as gastrointestinal side effects, hypoglycemia, or weight gain. Rosmarinus officinalis is an aromatic evergreen shrub used as a food additive and medicine, which has been extensively used to treat hyperglycemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetic wounds. A great deal of pharmacological research showed that rosemary extract and its phenolic constituents, especially carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid, and carnosol, could significantly improve diabetes mellitus by regulating glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation, exhibiting extremely high research value. Therefore, this review summarizes the pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms of rosemary extract and its primary phenolic constituents on diabetes and relative complications both in vitro and in vivo studies from 2000 to 2020, to provide some scientific evidence and research ideas for its clinical application.

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have great potential for use in commercial organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays/lighting. One of the usually confronted issues of TADF emitters is that short triplet-exciton lifetimes and a high photoluminescence quantum yield (ΦPL) are hard to achieve simultaneously. In this study, by integrating a bismesitylboryl acceptor with a triazine/sulfonyl acceptor, tandem acceptors were assembled and utilized to construct two donor–acceptor–acceptor (D–A–A) types of TADF compounds. These compounds show a very small singlet–triplet energy splitting (ΔEST: < 0.04 eV), which results in fast deactivation of triplet excitons via reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) and, correspondingly, a fairly short delayed-fluorescence lifetime (τDF

A growing number of studies have focused on the microRNA (miRNA) expression in

Meat nutrition and safety is highly related to people's health and quality of life. There is a huge demand to rapidly analyze meat quality during product processing and storage, but few rapid detection tools. Traditional strategies have certain disadvantages, including time-consuming, expensive, damage to samples, and the need for professional operators. Nowadays, Raman spectroscopy is drawing more and more attention due to its potential in fingerprint, specificity, speed, non-destructive and portable. This comprehensive review first briefly introduces the principles of meat analysis by common Raman techniques, e.g. Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), Raman chemical imaging (RCI), and spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS), and then focus on their analytical applications on structure analysis, quality evaluation, and security control. This review also prospects the future development trend and challenges in detecting and analyzing meat and meat products.

The insect chemosensory system plays an important role in many aspects of insects' behaviors necessary for their survival. Despite the complexity of this system, an increasing number of studies have begun to understand its structure and function in different insect species. Nonetheless, the chemosensory system in the orange spiny whitefly

BackgroundVarious incisions and approaches for thyroidectomy have been developed to treat differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Supraclavicular oblique incision (SOI) thyroidectomy (SOIT) has been applied in DTC patients over the past ten years. However, the safety and efficacy of this approach were yet to be confirmed.AimThis study aimed to compare the surgical and patient-related outcomes between SOIT and traditional low collar incision thyroidectomy (TLCIT) in patients with DTC.MethodsWe retrospectively screened all patients with DTC who received thyroid lobectomy from October 2020 to October 2021. The surgical results and patient-related outcomes assessed at 1 and 6 months after surgery by questionnaire were compared between the SOIT and TLCIT groups.ResultsA total of 128 patients were included in this study, of whom 38 patients (30.5%) were operated on with SOIT and 89 patients (69.5%) with TLCIT. There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics and thyroid features between the two groups. Despite comparable operative time (61.9 ± 12.1 vs. 59.9 ± 15.0 min, p = 0.425), the SOIT group had a smaller neck incision (4.4 ± 0.7 vs. 5.0 ± 1.0 cm, p = 0.002), a shorter duration of postoperative drainage (2.4 ± 0.5 vs. 2.7 ± 0.9 days, p = 0.019), less volume of postoperative drainage (48.4 ± 24.6 vs. 60.3 ± 22.8 ml, p = 0.040), and shorter postoperative hospitalization (3.2 ± 0.5 vs. 3.6 ± 0.9 days p = 0.006), as compared with the TLCIT group. At 1-month follow-up after surgery, SOIT showed better performance in preventing hypoparathyroidism (p = 0.026) and abnormal neck sensation (p = 0.010) and in improving cosmetic satisfaction (p = 0.036) than TLCIT. At 6-month follow-up, SOIT was feedback with better cosmetic satisfaction (p < 0.001) and a lower percent of abnormal neck sensation (p = 0.031) or movement (p = 0.005).ConclusionOur study suggests that minimally invasive surgery using the SOI provides superior surgical and patient-related outcomes compared with surgery using a traditional low collar incision (TLCI) in patients with DTC.

The extract of Ginkgo biloba leaf is a popular herbal product or dietary supplement in the world to treat various diseases, and flavonol glycosides are considered as the main bioactive constituents. In this study, thirty-seven flavonol glycosides were rapidly screened out by precursor ion scanning in positive ion mode with production ions at m/z 287.05, 303.05, 317.06. Subsequently, a reliable and sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry approach was established and validated to quantify the twenty prototype flavonol glycosides in rat plasma. Calibration curves showed good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9894) over the corresponding concentration range. The precision, accuracy, extraction recovery, matrix effect and stability were also satisfactory. The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of prototype flavonol glycosides in rat after oral administration of the extract of Ginkgo biloba leaf. As a result, the Tmax of flavonol glycosides was short at 0.11-0.60 h. Quercetin-3-O-(2",6"-di-O-rhamnosyl)-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-(2'',6''-di-O-rhamnosyl)-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin 3-O-glucosyl-(1-2)-O-rhamnoside and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside presented relatively high systemic exposure levels with AUC0-∞ > 500 μg h/L and Cmax > 100 μg/L. This study would provide the valuable information for further scientific research and clinical application of the extract of Ginkgo biloba leaf. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Objective To compare the effectiveness and safety of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) versus uterine artery chemoembolization with methotrexate for the management of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP). Methods A total of 170 women with CSP were enrolled in the retrospective cohort study from April 2016 to September 2020. One hundred women received HIFU followed by suction curettage, and 70 women were treated with uterine artery chemoembolization followed by suction curettage. Results The median blood loss during suction curettage was 20 (range 2-800) ml in the HIFU group versus 20 (range 5-200) ml in the chemoembolization group (P=0.837). The mean time for β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) normalization was 28.52 ± 10.82 days versus 26.69 ± 8.97 days (P=0.246), respectively. The mean time of menstruation recovery was 34.36 ± 10.63 days versus 31.93 ± 8.53 days (P=0.114), respectively. The incidence of adverse effects in the HIFU group was lower than that in the chemoembolization group (P=0.028). The median hospitalization time in the HIFU group was longer than that in the chemoembolization group (P=0.000). Conclusion HIFU was as effective and safe as uterine artery chemoembolization in the management of CSP, and the incidence of adverse effects was lower.

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Fetus in fetu (FIF) is a rare congenital disorder. At present, the mechanism of FIF has not been fully elucidated. Clinically, the most common site of FIF is the abdominal cavity, while other sites have also been reported, such as from the scrotum to the intracranial space. Surgery is the best treatment for FIF. Our case is a 1-month-old girl. The mother’s ultrasound examination at 36 weeks of gestation revealed that the solid part of the abdominal mass showed strong echoes of the limbs, and the fetus was about 40 mm long. The diagnosis was a parasitic fetus in the fetus. The child was admitted to our hospital for mass resection 1 month after birth, and the tumor was confirmed as a parasitic fetus by postoperative pathology. At present, the patient has had no recurrence after surgery for 5 years. Adequate preoperative evaluation combined with radical surgical resection is an effective strategy for the treatment of parasitic fetuses.