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Accurate blood glucose determination is essential to the clinical diagnosis and management of diabetes. This work establishes an inner filter effect (IFE) strategy between upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and quinone-imine complex for glucose monitoring in human serum simply and efficiently. In this system, the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx) catalyzes the reaction of glucose into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and gluconic acid when compulsion by oxygen. In the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), the produced H2O2 can catalytically oxidize phenol and 4-amino antipyrine (4-AAP) to generate quinone-imine products. The purple-colored quinone-imine complex effectively absorbed the fluorescence of NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ UCNPs, leading to the strong fluorescence quenching of UCNPs through IFE. Thus, a new approach was established for glucose monitoring by determining the fluorescence intensity. Under the optimal condition, this approach shows better linearity to glucose from 2–240 μmol/L with a low detection limit at 1.0 μmol/L. Owing to the excellent fluorescence property and background-free interference of the UCNPs, the biosensor was applied for glucose measurements in human serum and got a satisfactory result. Furthermore, this sensitive and selective biosensor revealed great potential for the quantitative analysis of blood glucose or different kinds of H2O2-involved biomolecules for the application of clinical diagnosis.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. The alignment rate between unique transcripts from SMRT-Seq and sequences from RNA-Seq. Figure S2. Alternative splicing (AS) (A-E) and alternative polyadenylation (APA) (F) event types. (A) Exon skipping (ES); (B) retention of introns (IR); (C) alternative exon ends (AE); (D) alternative transcription start site (TSS); and (E) alternative transcription termination site (TTS). AS features are in red. (F) APA event types. Figure S3. Sequences of the AS transcripts and their corresponding genes. Figure S4. The enriched GO categories and KEGG pathways of the transcripts with DAS events under Cu and Cu + ACC conditions. Figure S5. Uncropped images PCR of validation of AS events used to prepare Fig. 3. Figure S6. Uncropped images PCR of validation of APA events used to prepare Fig. 4C. Figure S7. Uncropped images PCR of validation of miRNAs used to prepare Fig. 5.

The complete genomic sequence of a novel potyvirus from Paris yunnanensis was determined by high-throughput sequencing then confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Its genomic RNA consists 9600 nucleotides (nt) excluding the 3’-terminal poly (A) tail, containing a typical large open reading frame (ORF) of potyviruses and encoding a putative polyprotein of 3098 amino acids (aa). Pairwise comparison analysis showed the virus shares sequence identity with other members of Potyvirus was 53.0% to 57.8% at genome sequence level, and 39.3% to 51.2% at polyprotein sequence level. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the virus was most closely related to the subgroup of plum pox virus and that of chilli veinal mottle virus within the genus Potyvirus. These results suggest that the virus should be considered as a distinct species within the genus Potyvirus and was tentatively named as “Paris mottle associated virus” (PMaV).

The complete genomic sequence of a novel potyvirus from a noni plant in China (Morinda citrifolia) with foliar mosaic and chlorotic symptoms was determined. The genomic RNA consists of 9645 nucleotides (nt) excluding the poly(A) tail, containing the typical open reading frame (ORF) of potyviruses and encoding a large putative polyprotein of 3077 amino acids (aa). Pairwise comparisons showed that the virus shares 48.8%-58.5% sequence identity at the genome sequence level, and 38.5%-53.4% identity at the polyprotein sequence level with other members of the genus Potyvirus. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the virus is most closely related to jasmine virus T and plum pox virus in the genus Potyvirus. These results suggest that this virus should be considered a distinct member of the genus Potyvirus, and it was tentatively named "noni mosaic virus" (NoMV).

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an economically important legume crop that is commonly used as dry beans, fresh peas, pods and shoots (Guo et al. 2009). Pea enation mosaic is an important virus disease of pea caused by two viruses in an obligate symbiosis, pea enation mosaic virus 1 (PEMV-1, Enamovirus, Luteoviridae) and pea enation mosaic virus 2 (PEMV-2, Umbravirus, Tombusviridae) (Hema et al. 2014). In November 2019, foliar yellow mosaic and vein enations symptoms were observed from pea plants in five fields of Honghe autonomous prefecture, Yunnan province, China. Incidence of symptomatic plants ranged from 20 to 40% and was distributed in both small and large fields. Leaves with typical virus-like symptoms were collected from five symptomatic pea plants in two fields and used for total RNA extraction. The five extracts of equimolar quantities were pooled into a sample and subjected to High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) by Illumina HiSeq system. Analyses of raw RNA reads were performed using CLC Genomics Workbench 12 (Qiagen). A total of 60,009,746 RNA reads were obtained from the sample, and de novo assembly of the reads using the CLC Genomics generated 88,105 contigs. BLASTN searches revealed the presence of contigs with high similarities to PEMV-1, PEMV-2, Pea seed-borne mosaic virus, and Bean yellow mosaic virus. To confirm the presence of PEMV-1 and PEMV-2 in the samples, two virus-specific primer pairs were designed based on the contig sequences obtained by HTS in this study. Primer pairs PEMV-1F/PEMV-1R (5'-ATGCCGACTAGATCGAAATC-3'/5'-TCAGAGGGAGGCATTCATTA-3') that flank the cp gene of PEMV-1 and PEMV-2F/PEMV-2R (5'-ATGACGATAATCATTAATG-3'/5'-TCACCCGTAGTGAGAGGCA-3') that target the ORF3 region of PEMV-2 were used to amplify the two viruses in RT-PCR. DNA fragments of the expected sizes (PEMV-1, 570 bp; PEMV-2, 693 bp) were amplified from all five samples. The RT-PCR products were cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis showed that the 570-bp amplicon (MT481989) shared the highest nucleotide sequence identity of 98.95% with PEMV-1 (Z48507), while the 693-bp fragment (MT481990) had the highest nucleotide sequence identity of 97.4% with PEMV-2 isolate JKI (MK948534). One gram of the symptomatic leaves from each of the five plants was homogenized with 5 mL of 0.01 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS buffer), pH 7.0. Each of the resulted saps was used to inoculate onto five healthy pea seedlings. A total of 25 healthy pea seedlings were inoculated, and 16 inoculated plants developed yellowing and mottling at 10 days post inoculation (dpi); no symptoms were observed on control plants inoculated only with PBS buffer. The formation of the typical enation was observed along the veins of lower side of the symptomatic leaves of the inoculated plants at 30 dpi. PEMV-1 and PEMV-2 infection were confirmed by RT-PCR assays using the specific primer pairs described above. Although the presence of the pea enation mosaic virus complex was suspected in China based on symptomatology (Brunt et al. 1997), to our knowledge, this is the first molecular confirmation of PEMV-1 and PEMV-2 occurrence in China. The co-infection of PEMV-1 and PEMV-2 usually cause severe yield losses; therefore, integration of detection and control measures is important in pea production regions where the two viruses occurred.

As the population continues to grow, stroke has become one of the major diseases that threaten the health of the elderly people. As a product of combination of medicine and Engineering, the ankle rehabilitation robot can assist ankle joints patients with rehabilitation training and has a good prospect of application. This paper presents an ankle rehabilitation robot for hemiplegic patients. Firstly, the physiological structure of human ankle joint is introduced and the design requirements of robot are put forward. Then the three components of the robot mechanism (the internal/external rotation mechanism, the dorsiflexion/plantarflexion mechanism, the inversion/eversion mechanism) are described in detail and the motion range of each joint is analyzed. The dynamics model in ADAMS and the control model in Simulink of the novel ankle rehabilitation robot are built based on the mechanism model. Based on the ADAMS and MATLAB co-simulation technology, dynamics analysis and control analysis of the ankle rehabilitation robot are carried out. Compared with experimental data, the simulation results show the feasibility of the mechanism design and control scheme. The difficulties and practicability of the co-simulation technology in the ankle rehabilitation robot are further discussed.

To reduce the toxicity of mesoporous materials in the process of preparation and improve its order, onion-like mesoporous silica was successfully assembled through hydrothermal synthesis, using tetraethoxysilane as silica source, P123 surfactant as template, and environment-friendly span80 as auxiliary agent in aqueous media at different mass ratios (span80/P123 = 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 %). Multiple characterization technologies such as FT-IR, SEM, TEM and N2 isothermal adsorption–desorption suggested that the onion-like mesoporous materials could be formed when the mass ratios of span80/P123 = 10, 15, 20, 25 %. When the mass ratio of span80/P123 reached 30 %, the material was with foam morphology. The adsorption experiments showed that all samples exhibited high ability to absorb methylene blue (MB). Our success in synthesizing the onion-like mesoporous materials using environment-friendly agent could provide a new route to the morphology control of mesoporous materials.

Hemiplegia caused by stroke usually requires a lot of rehabilitation to restore normal motor function. The ankle joint is an important structure for human walking, and its rehabilitation training is the basis for restoring the normal physiological functions of patients with hemiplegia. Compared with traditional manual rehabilitation training led by therapists, the rehabilitation robot can not only complete the repeated training process, but also accurately record the patient’s physiological data and make rehabilitation evaluation. Based on the parallel mechanism with simple structure and precise control characteristics, this paper establishes a prototype model of the ankle joint rehabilitation robot, simulates the ankle joint motion, and realizes the expected function.

Rehabilitation robots have direct physical interaction with the human body. Ideally, the safety and control considerations, actuators for rehabilitation robots should be compliant, can be forcefully controlled, and can be driven in the reverse direction. However, current series elastic actuator (SEA) designs face common performance limitations because of compromised spring stiffness options. Physical interactions affect control variables and may even lead to system instability. Therefore, the human-computer interaction control design is very important in the research of the repair robot. In this paper, a new type of compact compliance control actuator designed for portable rehabilitation robots is proposed to overcome the current performance limitations of SEA and based on this, an interactive control strategy for gait rehabilitation robots is established. Our design consists of a servo motor, ball screw, a torsion spring between the motor and the ball screw, and a set of translator springs between the ball screw nut and the external load. The robot achieves compliance and reversibility of human-computer interaction using a novel compact series of elastic actuators. Due to direct physical interaction with humans, the controller design must meet stability requirements. In this paper, a theoretical proof is provided to show the guaranteed stability of the closed-loop system under the proposed controller.

The traditional Chinese medicine massage has a long history and the efficacy has been wildly acknowledged, especially for childhood diarrhea treatment. As same as the traditional Chinese medicine, there is lack of quantitative evaluation methods for Chinese medicine staff training. With the development of information detection technology, a variety of equipment for the detection of massage techniques has been proposed, which makes it possible to quantify massage operation. However, since there are no embedded sensors, most of the manipulations cannot feedback the operation information of trainee. And the massage training still needs follow the directions of the supervisor. This situation caused the insufficient of medical training on mastering massage skills. In this paper, a massage manipulation with a novel sensor unit embedded is proposed. The sensor unit is composed of four thin film press sensors as a group. Take advantage of the sensor unit, not only the pressure but also the operation sequence can be detected. A testing apparatus mimicking the abdominal muscle tissue is carried out to examine the abilities of proposed sensor unit. Experiments with the apparatus show that the proposed idea of the sensor unit can fulfil the evaluation of massage operation with a simplified structure. All the results lead to the further researches on the quantitative medical education training methods of massage operation.

Transition metal complexes containing pyrazinium or pyridinium moieties display reversible luminescence changes in response to electrical stimuli, which is useful in the development of erasable information recording electric devices. These complexes are also suitable for temperature-related information protection, since chemically-induced luminescence turn-on is temperature-dependent.

Character segmentation is one of the most difficult stages in Uyghur recognition. In this paper, according to the writing style of the Uyghur, a method which is based on the image contour is proposed, it firstly calculates the baseline fields of the scanned image page by using Hough transformation, then segments the characters by adjusting the baseline fields, and finally merging the multiple parts by using the statistical part of the width. The Experimental results show a high correct segmentation rate and stability.

Eucalyptus spp. are grown on approximately 2 million ha in China and is the most important genus in forest plantations worldwide. An outbreak of cankers and shoot blight was observed for the first time on Eucalyptus grandis in China during May of 2008. Symptoms included dieback of shoots and branches, lesions and canker formation on the stems, and clear or yellow-to-red exudates on stems and branches. Isolations were made from affected trees in Shilin County from May to July of 2008. Diseased samples were plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 26°C. Fungal isolates developed copious, white, aerial mycelium that became dark gray after 5 to 6 days and formed black pycnidia after 14 days. Conidia were hyaline, aseptate, thin walled, fusiform, and measured 19 to 28 × 4 to 6 μm. Ascospores were hyaline, aseptate, and widest from the middle to upper third (17 to 28 × 6 to 13 μm). Identity was confirmed by analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITSI-5.8S-ITS2) with primers ITS1 and ITS4. BLAST searches showed 99 to 100% identity with Botryosphaeria dothidea isolates from GenBank (Accession Nos. FJ358703 and EU080916). Representative sequences of B. dothidea from eucalyptus from China were deposited into GenBank (Accession Nos. FJ517657 and FJ517658). On the basis of morphological and molecular results, the fungus isolated from diseased eucalyptus wood was confirmed to be B. dothidea. Pathogenicity tests were conducted by stem inoculation of 10-month-old E. grandis seedlings. Two experiments were conducted using two inoculation techniques. In the first experiment, 2-mm-diameter actively growing mycelium plugs of B. dothidea were applied to 2-mm-long bark wounds on the middle point of the stems, and control seedlings were inoculated with sterile PDA plugs in a similar fashion as above. Inoculated and control seedlings were inoculated in a greenhouse and watered as needed. In the second experiment, segments of branches (averaging 18 mm in diameter and 30 cm long) were inoculated with 5-mm-diameter plugs of actively growing mycelium. Control segments of branches were inoculated as previously described. The branches were incubated at 26°C in moist chambers. There were five replicate seedlings per inoculation technique. After 20 days, all E. grandis seedlings showed leaf wilting, Dark, vascular stem tissue was observed. Symptoms were more abundant on the segment of branches. After 6 days, vascular necroses that developed on the inoculated plants were 5.2 ± 1.2 cm. B. dothidea was reisolated from all inoculated symptomatic tissue; no symptoms were visible in the control seedlings and no fungus was isolated from them. These results confirm previous reports of B. dothidea causing canker and dieback symptoms of Eucalyptus species in Australia (2), the United States (1), and South Africa (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. dothidea causing canker disease on eucalyptus in China. References: (1) E. L. Barnard et al. Plant Dis. 71:358, 1987. (2) E. M. Davison and C. S. Tay. Plant Dis. 67:1285, 1983. (3) H. Smith et al. Plant Pathol. 43:1031, 1994.