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The safety and potential benefits of home enteral route nutrition (HERN), referring specifically to home enteral nutrition (HEN) and oral nutritional supplements (ONS) in this article, after upper gastrointestinal (GI) resection are inconsistent.To evaluate the impact of HERN on nutritional status, complications, and quality of life (QOL) after upper GI resection.This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Nine databases were searched from inception to October 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the impact of HERN after upper gastrointestinal resection were included. Relative risk/weighted mean difference/standardized mean difference (RR/WMD/SMD) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using fixed- or random-effects models.Overall, 15 RCTs involving 1059 patients were included. Compared with normal oral diet, HERN significantly prevented weight loss (-3.95 vs -5.82 kg; SMD: 1.98 kg; 95% CI: 1.24-2.73); improved added-level of albumin (3.48 vs 2.41 g/L; SMD: 1.36 g/L; 95% CI: 0.81-1.91), hemoglobin (6.54 vs -1.29 g/L; WMD: 7.45 g/L; 95% CI: 5.05-9.86), pre-albumin (37.59 vs 7.35 mg/L; WMD: 21.6 mg/L; 95% CI: 5.96-37.24), and transferrin (63.08 vs 50.45 mg/L; WMD: 16.44 mg/L; 95% CI: 13.51-19.38); and reduced the incidence of malnutrition or latent malnutrition (RR = 0.54; P 0.01). Subgroup analysis based on the approach of HERN showed that weight loss in the HEN subgroup was significantly lower than that of the control group (WMD = 2.69, P 0.01), while there was no significant difference between the ONS subgroup and the control group (P = 0.1). The same results were found in albumin. Physical function (WMD: 5.29; 95% CI: 1.86-8.73) and fatigue (WMD: -8.59; 95% CI: -12.61, -4.58) dimensions in QOL were significantly better in the HERN group. No significant differences in gastrointestinal and tube-related complications.HERN improved nutritional status and some dimensions of QOL in upper GI malignancy patients after surgery, without increasing complications. Subgroup analysis showed that HEN experienced more benefits than ONS.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Main clinical and laboratory characteristics at baseline in patients treated with HCQ.

Additional file 2: Figure S1. Changes in urinary protein excretion and eGFR levels of all patients before initiation of HCQ therapy. The dots represent the median values, and the bars represent the 25th and 75th percentiles.

In this paper, we consider regular automorphism groups of graphs in the RT$2$ family and the Davis-Xiang family and amorphic abelian Cayley schemes from these graphs. We derive general results on the existence of non-abelian regular automorphism groups from abelian regular automorphism groups and apply them to the RT$2$ family and Davis-Xiang family and their amorphic abelian Cayley schemes to produce amorphic non-abelian Cayley schemes., Comment: 16 pages, 0 figure

The creation of positron and electron pairs through photon-photon collision, named Breit-Wheeler process, has been well understood in the theories of quantum electrodynamics for nearly 100 years. The photon-photon collision, which is one of the most basic processes of matter generation in the universe, has not been observed yet. The study on photon-photon collision can promote the development of two-photon physics, quantum electrodynamics theories and high energy physics. To observe photon-photon collision in the laboratory, one needs to collimate a huge number of energetic γ-ray photons into a very small spot. Recently, the development of highly collomated source generated by 10 PW laser makes photon-photon collider much more possible than before. In photon-photon collider, the study of numerical simulation plays a critical role since no experiment has achieved such a process. In this paper, a new numerical method is developed to handle the two-photon Breit-Wheeler process. This method is based on the exact two-photon collision dynamic principle, including energy threshold condition, cross-section condition, Lorentz transformation, etc. In the method, the photons are divided into quantitative photon blocks based on the spatial coordinates. Firstly, one needs to find the collision blocks according to the spatial motion law. Secondly, the ergodic method is used to look up the photons that satisfy the energy threshold condition and the cross-section condition from the blocks. Then, one can calculate the electron yield of the photon collision, and the kinetic parameters of the positrons and electrons. This method rigorously follows the physical principle so it has high precision. On the other hand, this method determines the collision of the block in advance, which can reduce the computational requirement a lot. A series of tests is carried out to confirm the accuracy and feasibility of this numerical method by calculating the collision between mono-energetic photon beams. In the tests, the collision angle is assumed to 180° and 60° separately, the results of pair momentum distribution are discussed. We also simulate the collision of the γ-ray beams generated through the interaction between ultra-intense laser and narrow tube targets. In the simulations, the collision angle is changed from 170° to 30° to see its effect on pair production. It is found that the yield of electron-positron pairs decreases with collision angle increasing, which has also been reported in previous work. Therefore, this numerical method can be efficiently used for modeling photon-photon collider, and provide theoretical reference and suggestion to the future experimental design of γ-ray collision.

We study the level structures of N = 7 ~ 9 isotones and their mirror nuclei in the framework of the single-particle potential model. Considering the limitation of the conventional potential-model calculation, the isospin-dependent l2 coupling is newly introduced in the average potential. The modified model gives a unified description for the structures of all studied nuclei. Calculations self-consistently produce the s-d level inversion in N = 9 isotones and their mirror nuclei. Meanwhile, the s-p level inversion in the mirror nuclei 11Be and 11N is reproduced. The study confirms the neutron halo structures in 11Be(2s1/2), 11Be(1p1/2), 12B(2s1/2), 14B(2s1/2), 13C(2s1/2), 15C(2s1/2) and the proton halo structure in 17F(2s1/2). The agreement between theory and experiment indicates that the inclusion of the l2 coupling is a feasible way to explain the abnormal structures of exotic light nuclei.

Let E be a real Banach space and A : D ( A ) ⊆ E → 2 E , B : D ( B ) ⊆ E → 2 E be two set valued accretive operators. We study the range problems of ( A + λ I ) and ( A + B + λ I ) for λ > 0. The results obtained in this paper generalize some other results.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and study the semi-groups of nonlinear contractions in probabilistic normed spaces and to establish the Crandall-Liggett's exponential formula for some kind of accretive mappings in probabilistic normed spaces. As applications, these results are utilized to study the Cauchy problem for a kind of differential inclusions with accretive mappings in probabilistic normed spaces.

In this paper, we give an affirmative answer to a fixed point problem of S. Reich.

Active Power Filter (APF) is usually used to compensate the harmonic and reactive currents which are generated by the nonlinear load, and its compensation performance mainly depends on the design of controller. This paper mainly analyzes that the compensation ability of digital Proportion-Integral (PI) controller cannot be used simply to control the output current without any steady error due to its limited current tracking capability. In order to improve the APF compensation performance, a new control method named as zero-steady-error control at the Synchronous rotating coordinate system is proposed. Through adding numbers of harmonic compensation to major harmonic currents, appointed order harmonic with outer control loop can achieve no offset regulation, meanwhile other harmonics without outer control loop remains the compensation of traditional PI controller. The feasibility of this output current controller architecture is verified completely by theoretic analysis and experimental results in detail.

The main purpose of this paper is to establish the Ekeland's variational principle and Caristi's fixed point theorem in probabilistic metric spaces and to give a direct simple proof of the equivalence between these two theorems in the probabilistic metric space. The results presented in this paper generalize the corresponding results of [9–12].

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of accretive mapping in probabilistic normed space (PN space, in short) and to study the existence problem of solutions for equations with accretive mappings in PN space and some existence theorems are shown.

In this paper we prove that an abelian group contains $(2^{2m+1}(2^{m-1}+1), 2^m(2^m+1), 2^m)$-difference sets with $m\geqslant 3$ if and only if it contains an elementary abelian 2-group of order $2^{2m}$. Our proof shows that the method of constructing such difference sets is essentially unique., Comment: 18 pages

To evaluate the performance of optical low pass filter (OLPF) accurately, a new 2D digital imaging system model including an OLPF was created for the first time using the modular transfer function (MTF). An evaluation function was also established based on this model. To manifest the model and its evaluation, three typical OLPFs were studied. The results show that the Δ value of each filter undergoes a slow and slight decrease and then rapidly increases when the ideal optical system cutoff frequency is increased. The optieal system embedded with the 2-chip-4-point type OLPF created a better image than those with the other two OLPF's when the F number is greater than 44; whereas the OLPF of 3-chip-8-point type worked best when the F number is lower than 44 When the F number of the optical system is 28, namely, with a spatial cutoff frequency of 649 lp/mm, the filter of 3-chip-8-point type performs better than that of the 2-chip-4-point and 3-chip-4-point types. The Δ value of the first filter is 283% and 375%, lower than that of the other two filters, respeatively. That is, the filter performance is 283% and 375% higher. Finally, spatial frequency test shows that the moiré fringe and false colors can be seen in the last two pictures, while in the first, these effects are well eliminated. The theoretical calculations agree with the experimental results.