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Mutual inductance is an important parameter for the design and optimization of the wireless power transfer (WPT) system. In this letter, a compact analytical model for mutual inductance of two coupled planar coil is proposed. The model is derived from Neumann’s integral of constant current-carrying filament with a Taylor expansion approach. It can predict mutual inductance at various lateral and angular misalignments. The analytical results show a good agreement with the 3-D electromagnetic simulation results, and the maximum error for the mutual inductance remains less than 15.1%. An experimental setup has been built, and the results reveal the proposed model can predict the mutual coupling rapidly and effectively.

The species diversity-forest productivity relationship has been extensively studied, but few studies have systematically examined the relationship between forest structure and forest productivity. As one of the most important ecosystem establishment areas in China, the loess alpine region is in need of research to guide vegetation restoration and afforestation. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between forest structure and tree growth at the local neighbourhood level and to guide the establishment and management of plantations in the loess alpine region. We investigated 1243 living trees in Qinghai Province and analysed the effects of initial size, species diversity, competition, spatial distribution and size heterogeneity on annual growth in basal area (BA) of Picea crassifolia Kom. and Betula platyphylla Suk. using mixed-effect models. The responses of individual growth to local forest structure varied between species and were strongly related to initial size which was expressed by the DBH of focal tree in 2015. The growth of both target species decreased when the neighbourhood competition became more intense. BA growth of P. crassifolia increased with the increase in local species diversity under the same competition intensity, while that of B. platyphylla did not. The uniform spatial distribution in local communities had a negative association with the radial growth of B. platyphylla, but had no significant effect on that of P. crassifolia. Neighbourhood size heterogeneity was positively related to the growth of both target species; P. crassifolia individuals were sensitive to DBH heterogeneity, while B. platyphylla individuals were sensitive to height heterogeneity. This study indicates that complex and heterogeneous forest structures are more conducive to improving forest productivity and highlights the need to fully consider species’ functional traits during afforestation and forest management.

Most of the research on the cavitation with entrained air has focused on the military direction, but it ,about centrifugal pumps, which is relevant to people's livelihood, is still relatively lacking. In order to study the basic law of the development of cavitation inside centrifugal pumps under aeration conditions, a test bench suitable for cavitation experiments with incoming flow containing gas was obtained. Furthermore, a single-stage single-suction 6-blade centrifugal pump was used as the research object to conduct pressure pulsation experiments under cavitation condition when the incoming flow was 1.0% air viod fraction at 2900r/min-50m3/h. The results showed that: After cavitation happened, the greater aeration content will deteriorate the pump's anti-cavitation performance, but the head curve is more gentle in falling down compared to natural cavitation. Hence aeration has a beneficial effect on the performance degradation of the pump under the cavitation condition. At the same time, before the cavitation number drops to the fracture cavitation number of the pump, aeration has improvement in the efficiency of the pump in different degrees , especially in the situation with the ventilated rate of 1.0%. The main frequency of pressure pulsation at the inlet and outlet of the test pump after aeration is dominated by the blade frequency. The shaft frequency signal at the outlet gradually decreases with the cavitation number lessened. Moreover the amplitude of the blade frequency grows slightly with the reduction of the cavitation number. But it tends to soar when the cavitation number is less than the fracture cavitation number.

B and Ga co-doped ZnO films were fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering method. The effects of sputtering pressure on the electrical, optical, structural and morphological properties of the films (BGZO) were investigated. As sputtering pressure increased up to 6mTorr, the film crystallinity was improved. At the sputtering pressure of 6mTorr, the films showed smooth and dense of film surface, lower resistivity and higher Hall mobility. It was also observed that all films showed high transparency in the visible range. The film showed blue shift of optical band gap with increaseing of sputtering pressure.

Purpose The evidence is increasing that cancer stem cells (CSCs) expressing embryonic and neuronal stem cell markers are present in human retinoblastoma (Rb). This study was conducted to determine whether stem-like cancer cells (SLCCs) in Rb express retinal stem cell–related genes and whether SLCCs can directly differentiate into retinal neurons. Methods The cancer stem cell characteristics in WERI-Rb1 cells were determined with Hoechst 33,342 staining, clone formation assay, and CD133 flow cytometry. The expression of embryonic stem cell and retinal stem cell–related genes was analyzed with real-time PCR and immunofluorescence. The SLCCs were induced to differentiate into retinal neurons by the addition of Dickkopf-related protein 1 and Lefty-A. Results A small but persistent population of cells excluding Hoechst dye in a verapamil-sensitive manner exhibited a cancer stem cell–like phenotype. The SLCCs displayed highly clonogenic abilities and increased CD133 expression with isolation and expansion in culture in serum-free medium. By comparing the expression of stem cell markers, we found Oct3/4 was more highly expressed in the SLCCs than in human embryonic stem cells. Together with the properties of intrinsic retinal stem cell–related gene expression, we found SLCCs can be induced into neuron-like cells that express glial fibrillary acidic protein and rhodopsin (a photoreceptor cell marker). Conclusions These findings provide new insight into cancer stem cells and used a strategy of an artificial change of cancer stem cell fate with transcription factors.

Purpose To investigate the effect of elevated hydrostatic pressure on the expression and distribution of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and its effect on cytoskeleton and focal adhesion in immortal human trabecular meshwork cells (iHTM) and glaucomatous human trabecular meshwork cells (GTM3). Methods iHTM and GTM3 were exposed to 60 mmHg hydrostatic pressure for 6, 12, and 24 h. As a control, the cells were incubated simultaneously in a conventional incubator. Morphology changes were observed with an inverted microscope. The expression of ZO-1was examined with western blot, and the distribution of ZO-1 was assessed by immunofluorescence. Actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion (vinculin) were also assessed by immunofluorescence. Data were analyzed with commercial data analysis software and a p

Purpose As an alternative and desirable approach for regenerative medicine, human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology raises the possibility of developing patient-tailored cell therapies to treat intractable degenerative diseases in the future. This study was undertaken to guide human Tenon’s capsule fibroblasts-derived iPSCs (TiPSCs) to differentiate along the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) lineage, aiming at producing appropriate cellular material for RGC regeneration. Methods By mimicking RGC genesis, we deliberately administered the whole differentiation process and directed the stage-specific differentiation of human TiPSCs toward an RGC fate via manipulation of the retinal inducers (DKK1+Noggin+Lefty A) alongside master gene (Atoh7) sequentially. Throughout this stepwise differentiation process, changes in primitive neuroectodermal, eye field, and RGC marker expression were monitored with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), immunocytochemistry, and/or flow cytometry. Results Upon retinal differentiation, a large fraction of the cells developed characteristics of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) in response to simulated environment signaling (DKK1+Noggin+Lefty A), which was selectively recovered with manual isolation approaches and then maintained in the presence of mitogen for multiple passages. Thereafter, overexpression of ATOH7 further promoted RGC specification in TiPSC-derived RPCs. A subset of transfected cells displayed RGC-specific expression patterns, including Brn3b, iSlet1, calretinin, and Tuj, and approximately 23% of Brn3b-positive RGC-like cells were obtained finally. Conclusions Our DKK1+Noggin+Lefty A/Atoh7-based RGC-induction regime could efficiently direct TiPSCs to differentiate along RGC lineage in a stage-specific manner, which may provide a benefit to develop possible cell therapies to treat retinal degenerative diseases such as glaucoma.