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Additional file 1.

Additional file 1. Additional Table S1 and Figures S1–S18.

In recent years, major public safety incidents occur frequently in smoke-free cities. Under the complex and severe situation, the emergency preparedness capacity of smoke-free cities in China needs to be improved. In this paper, 50 fire emergency plans in smoke-free City F are taken as samples, and the qualitative comparative analysis method of clear set (csqca) is applied to explore the improvement path of emergency preparedness ability. Three influence paths are obtained to improve the emergency preparedness ability, which are information resource integration mode, business collaboration pre control mode and system route mode. The results provide reference for improving the effectiveness of pre disaster prevention, enhance the emergency preparedness capacity of smoke-free cities and improving the effect of emergency management.

Additional file 1: Methods. Calculation of the usual amount of dairy intake and regression dilution bias correction. Table 1. Baseline and usual amount (g/day) for each baseline category of dairy consumption based on 24,700* participants who attended the second resurvey in 2013-2014. Table 2. Incidence rates of cancers (ICD-10 coded) at 30-79 years and adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for cancers per 50 g/day of usual dairy intake in men and women from CKB, without prior self-reported history of cancer at baseline. Table 3. Female reproductive characteristics by frequency of dairy intake at baseline (2004-2008). Table 4. Adjusted HRs for cancer risk associated with dairy intake in sensitivity analyses. Figure 1. Percentage of regular dairy consumers by sex and survey region at baseline (2004-2008). Figure 2. Estimated mean dairy intake (g/day) by sex and survey region at baseline (2004-2008). Figure 3. Sex-specific changes in standing height, body weight and body mass index between baseline (2004-2008) and second resurvey (2013-2014) by frequency of baseline dairy intake (n = 18,132). Figure 4. Adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for liver cancer per 50 g/day of usual dairy intake by baseline characteristics. Figure 5. Adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for lymphoma per 50 g/day of usual dairy intake by baseline characteristics. Figure 6. Adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for female breast cancer per 50 g/day of usual dairy intake by baseline characteristics. Figure 7. Adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for liver cancer, lymphoma and female breast cancer per 50 g/day of usual dairy intake by region. Figure 8. Adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for liver cancer per 50 g/day of usual dairy intake, with step-wise adjustment. Figure 9. Adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for lymphoma per 50 g/day of usual dairy intake, with step-wise adjustment. Figure 10. Adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for female breast cancer per 50 g/day of usual dairy intake, with step-wise adjustment.

Additional file 1: Text S1. Members of the China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group. Text S2. Questionnaire for the sleep patterns in the survey of China Kadoorie Biobank. Table S1. Associations between Baseline Sleep Patterns and Frailty Transitions among Participants Aged < 60. Table S2. Associations between Baseline Sleep Patterns and Frailty Transitions Adjusted for Major Diseases and Medication. Table S3. Associations between Constantly Healthy Sleep Patterns and Frailty Transitions Adjusted for Major Diseases and Medication. Table S4. Associations between Constantly Healthy Sleep Patterns and Frailty Transitions among Participants Aged < 60. Table S5. Associations between Sleep Scores and Frailty Transitions.

Accurate understanding of electromagnetic propagation properties in real environments is necessary for efficient design and deployment of cellular systems. In this paper, we show a method to estimate high-resolution channel parameters with a massive antenna array in real network deployments. An antenna array mounted on a vehicle is used to receive downlink long-term evolution (LTE) reference signals from neighboring base stations (BS) with mutual interference. Delay and angular information of multipath components is estimated with a novel inter-cell interference cancellation algorithm and an extension of the RIMAX algorithm. The estimated high-resolution channel parameters are consistent with the movement pattern of the vehicle and the geometry of the environment and allow for refined channel modeling and precise cellular positioning.

For decades, people are developing efficient numerical methods for solving the challenging quantum many-body problem, whose Hilbert space grows exponentially with the size of the problem. However, this journey is far from over, as previous methods all have serious limitations. The recently developed deep learning methods provide a very promising new route to solve the long-standing quantum many-body problems. We report that a deep learning based simulation protocol can achieve the solution with state-of-the-art precision in the Hilbert space as large as $2^{1296}$ for spin system and $3^{144}$ for fermion system , using a HPC-AI hybrid framework on the new Sunway supercomputer. With highly scalability up to 40 million heterogeneous cores, our applications have measured 94% weak scaling efficiency and 72% strong scaling efficiency. The accomplishment of this work opens the door to simulate spin models and Fermion models on unprecedented lattice size with extreme high precision., Comment: Massive ground state optimizations of CNN-based wave-functions for $J1$-$J2$ model and $t$-$J$ model carried out on a heterogeneous cores supercomputer

Additional file 1: Figure S1-2, & Table S1-6, & Members of the China Kadoorie Biobank collaborative group. Fig S1 - Distribution of the Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) in the CKB. Fig S2 - Distribution of the Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) and the Incidence of Heart Failure according to PRS in the UKB. Table S1 - Significant SNPs of heart failure from genome-wide association studies. Table S2 - Risk of Incident Heart Failure According to Individual SNPs in the CKB. Table S3 - Healthy Lifestyle Factor Definitions in CKB and UKB. Table S4 - Risk of Incident Heart Failure in the CKB According to Genetic Risk based on all 15 SNPs from the Previous GWAS. Table S5 - P values for interaction based on the multiplicative and additive effects model in the CKB and UKB. Table S6 - Risk of Incident Heart Failure According to Genetic (based on all 15 SNPs from the Previous GWAS) and Cardiovascular Health Metrics Risk in CKB. Members of the China Kadoorie Biobank collaborative group.

During the era of global warming and highly urbanized development, extreme and high impact weather as well as air pollution incidents influence everyday life and might even cause the incalculable loss of life and property. Although with the vast development of numerical simulation of atmosphere, there still exists substantial forecast biases objectively. To predict extreme weather, severe air pollution, and abrupt climate change accurately, the numerical atmospheric model requires not only to simulate meteorology and atmospheric compositions and their impacts simultaneously involving many sophisticated physical and chemical processes but also at high spatiotemporal resolution. Global atmospheric simulation of meteorology and atmospheric compositions simultaneously at spatial resolutions of a few kilometers remains challenging due to its intensive computational and input/output (I/O) requirement. Through multi-dimension-parallelism structuring, aggressive and finer-grained optimizing, manual vectorizing, and parallelized I/O fragmenting, an integrated Atmospheric Model Across Scales (iAMAS) was established on the new Sunway supercomputer platform to significantly increase the computational efficiency and reduce the I/O cost. The global 3-km atmospheric simulation for meteorology with online integrated aerosol feedbacks with iAMAS was scaled to 39,000,000 processor cores and achieved the speed of 0.82 simulation day per hour (SDPH) with routine I/O, which enables us to perform 5-day global weather forecast at 3-km horizontal resolution with online natural aerosol impacts. The results demonstrate the promising future that the increasing of spatial resolution to a few kilometers with online integrated aerosol impacts may significantly improve the global weather forecast.

Additional file 4. Show expected and observed number of breast cancer in the test subcohort of China Kadoorie Biobank and Shanghai Women’s Health Study using the corresponding local rates.

Additional file 2. Show age- and residence-specific breast cancer incidence rates and mortality rates of non-breast cancer per 100,000 person-years by data sources.

Additional file 3. Show age- and site-adjusted RR (95% CI) from the derivation subcohort and the whole China Kadoorie Biobank.

Additional file 7. Show validation of the Asian America Breast Cancer Study model for predicting individual breast cancer risk in China Kadoorie Biobank and Shanghai Women's Health Study.

Additional file 7. Show validation of the Asian America Breast Cancer Study model for predicting individual breast cancer risk in China Kadoorie Biobank and Shanghai Women's Health Study.

Additional file 5. Show performance of the breast cancer prediction model across different predicted risk cutoffs in the China Kadoorie Biobank.

Additional file 1. Show comparison of Age-adjusted RR (95% CI) for breast cancer among women in urban and rural areas of China Kadoorie Biobank.

Additional file 4. Show expected and observed number of breast cancer in the test subcohort of China Kadoorie Biobank and Shanghai Women’s Health Study using the corresponding local rates.

Additional file 1.

Additional file 5. Show performance of the breast cancer prediction model across different predicted risk cutoffs in the China Kadoorie Biobank.

Additional file 6. Show performance of the breast cancer prediction model across different predicted risk cutoffs in the Shanghai Women's Health Study.

In the version of this article initially published, the following statement was missing from the Acknowledgements: “We are grateful to the GenoBiRD core facility (Biogenouest), the Clinical Investigation Center (INSERM CIC1413) and the Center of Biological Resources in Nantes (BB-0033-00040; CHU Nantes, France) for their assistance in managing and genotyping the ICAN and PREGO biobanks. R.R. was supported by the French Regional Council of Pays-de-la-Loire (VaCaRMe program) and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-15-CE17-0008-01 to G.L). H.D. and R.B. were supported by the French Ministry of Health (clinical trial NCT02848495 to H.D.), the Genavie Foundation, the Société Française de Radiologie and the Société Française de Neuroradiologie.” The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article. *Lists of authors and their affiliations appear online. Korrektur zu 10.1038/s41588-020-00725-7

Background: Adult adiposity is positively associated with pancreatic cancer in Western populations. Little is known, however, about the association in China where many have lower BMI or about the relevance of young adulthood adiposity for pancreatic cancer in both Western and East Asian populations. Methods: The China Kadoorie Biobank recruited 512,000 adults aged 30-79 years during 2004-08, recording 595 incident cases of pancreatic cancer during 8 years follow-up. Cox regression yielded adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for pancreatic cancer associated with self-reported young adulthood (mean ~25 years) body mass index (BMI) and with measured adulthood (mean ~52 years) BMI and other adiposity measures (e.g. waist circumference [WC]). These were further meta-analysed with published prospective studies. Results: Overall the mean BMI (SD) was 21.9 (2.6) at age 25 and 23.7 (3.3) kg/m2 at age 52. Young adulthood BMI was strongly positively associated with pancreatic cancer in CKB (adjusted HR=1.36, 95% CI 1.16-1.61, per 5 kg/m2 higher BMI) and in meta-analysis of CKB and 4 other studies (1.18, 1.12-1.24). In CKB, there was also a positive association of pancreatic cancer with adulthood BMI (1.11, 0.97-1.27, per 5 kg/m2), similar in magnitude to that in meta-analyses of East Asian studies using measured BMI (n=2; 1.08, 0.99-1.19) and of Western studies (n=25; 1.10, 1.06-1.12). Likewise, meta-analysis of 4 studies, including CKB, showed a positive association of adulthood WC with pancreatic cancer (1.10, 1.06-1.14, per 10 cm). Conclusions: In both East Asian and Western populations, adiposity was positively associated with risk of pancreatic cancer, with a somewhat stronger association for young than late life adiposity.

Background Drinking alcohol has a long tradition in Chinese culture. However, data on the prevalence and patterns of alcohol consumption in China, and its main correlates, are limited. Methods During 2004–08 the China Kadoorie Biobank recruited 512 891 men and women aged 30–79 years from 10 urban and rural areas of China. Detailed information on alcohol consumption was collected using a standardized questionnaire, and related to socio-demographic, physical and behavioural characteristics in men and women separately. Results Overall, 76% of men and 36% of women reported drinking some alcohol during the past 12 months, with 33% of men and 2% of women drinking at least weekly; the prevalence of weekly drinking in men varied from 7% to 51% across the 10 study areas. Mean consumption was 286 g/week and was higher in those with less education. Most weekly drinkers habitually drank spirits, although this varied by area, and beer consumption was highest among younger drinkers; 37% of male weekly drinkers (12% of all men) reported weekly heavy drinking episodes, with the prevalence highest in younger men. Drinking alcohol was positively correlated with regular smoking, blood pressure and heart rate. Among male weekly drinkers, each 20 g/day alcohol consumed was associated with 2 mmHg higher systolic blood pressure. Potential indicators of problem drinking were reported by 24% of male weekly drinkers. Conclusion The prevalence and patterns of drinking in China differ greatly by age, sex and geographical region. Alcohol consumption is associated with a number of unfavourable health behaviours and characteristics.

In this paper, a Direction Of Arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm is proposed for multiuser signals through uplink asynchronous multipath Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) channels. The algorithm is based directly on the correlation matrices of matched filter bank outputs of desired user’s multipath signals and it does not require that the elements of base station antenna array outnumber the multipath signals, which is necessary for the conventional sub-space based direction-finding algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm estimates the DOA of multipath signals effectively and acceptably. The proposed algorithm has the prominent advantages of low complexity, simpleness and practicality, which make it much more suitable for practical application.

Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is an important regulator of plasma sex steroids as well as a sensitive indicator of insulin resistance. SHBG may be an important diag- nostic measure of risk for pathologies associated with insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) such as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and ath- erosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In women, SHBG is also im- plicated in diverse pathologies such as cancers of steroid-sensitive tissues and hirsutism. Data from an ongoing ecological study linking diet and health in rural China were analyzed to determine the relation of selected plasma variables and diet to plasma con- centrations of SHBG. All data represent county mean values, pooled by age and sex, to assess the relation between biochemical and lifestyle characteristics and disease-specific mortality rates at the county level. The study sample consisted of 3250 Chinese women between the ages of 35 and 64 y living in 65 widely dispersed rural counties. Consumption patterns for 2 1 different food groups were derived from a food-frequency questionnaire and a 3-d dietary survey and subsequently compared. Correlation anal- yses of county mean values demonstrated a significant association between SHBG and insulin, testosterone, triacylglycerols, body mass index, age at menarche, and several foods. In regression analyses, after adjustments, the strongest predictors of SHBG concentrations were the dietary intakes of rice (f3 = 0.42, P < 0.01), fish (13 0.34, P < 0.05), millet ((3 = -0.27, P < 0.01), and wheat ((3 = -0.34, P < 0.01). When insulin, testosterone, and triacylglycerols were added to the model only triacylglycerols (13 = -0.26, P < 0.05) remained a significant independent predictor of SHBG. Additional analyses suggested that the consumption of green vegetables was modestly positively correlated with SHBG and negatively with insulin values. Consumption of rice and fish in particular appeared to favorably influence the principle plasma variables associated with a reduction in the risk for IRS patholo- gies. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;63:22-3l.

A comprehensive ecologic survey of dietary, life-style, and mortality characteristics of 65 counties in rural China showed that diets are substantially richer in foods of plant origin when compared with diets consumed in the more industrialized, Western societies. Mean intakes of animal protein (about one-tenth of the mean intake in the United States as energy percent), total fat (14.5% of energy), and dietary fiber (33.3 g/d) reflected a substantial preference for foods of plant origin. Mean plasma cholesterol concentration, at approximately 3.23-3.49 mmol/L, corresponds to this dietary life-style. The principal hypothesis under investigation in this paper is that chronic degenerative diseases are prevented by an aggregate effect of nutrients and nutrient-intake amounts that are commonly supplied by foods of plant origin. The breadth and consistency of evidence for this hypothesis was investigated with multiple intake-biomarker-disease associations, which were appropriately adjusted. There appears to be no threshold of plant-food enrichment or minimization of fat intake beyond which further disease prevention does not occur. These findings suggest that even small intakes of foods of animal origin are associated with significant increases in plasma cholesterol concentrations, which are associated, in turn, with significant increases in chronic degenerative disease mortality rates.

(1992). China: From diseases of poverty to diseases of affluence. policy implications of the epidemiological transition. Ecology of Food and Nutrition: Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 133-144.

That dietary fat increases breast cancer risk has been strongly supported by international data collected among developed countries during the past few decades. Population aggregates with elevated lipid intake have tended to report elevated breast cancer incidence and mortality. This study is an ecological analysis of the association of various indicators of lipid intake with breast cancer mortality in 65 county-wide population aggregates in the People's Republic of China. Although the result is consistent with a positive association between lipid intake and breast cancer risk, the observed association is weaker than the association previously observed. This finding provides only modest support for the possibility of a diet-breast cancer link.

There are many unresolved questions concerning the relationship between dietary fiber and cancer of the large bowel. These include (1) inadequate knowledge of the physiological activities of the various dietary fiber constituents, (2) uncertainties about the food composition of these constituents, (3) variable constituent content for the same food grown in different geographic regions and at various stages of harvest, and (4) uncertainties about earlier intake levels of various fiber-containing foods during the time when cancers were forming. It would therefore appear to be inappropriate to put too much emphasis on the effects of individual fiber fractions not only because of these uncertainties of intake but also because the intakes of individual fiber fractions are strongly correlated with each other. Moreover, fiber intakes also correlate with many other dietary constituents that may be associated with the prevalence of large bowel cancer.