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South Sumatra Province is a province that is flowed by many rivers, including the Musi River, the longest river on the island of Sumatra. The condition of inadequate irrigation infrastructure means that farmers in Menten Village can only plant one crop per year. This study aimed to determine the irrigation water needs of tertiary canals and design the dimensions of connectivity and tertiary channels. Repairing the irrigation network in the village is planned to increase the productivity of agricultural land to two plantings in one year with a cropping pattern of rice and crops. This research was conducted following the following stages Calculation of Irrigation Water Needs, Calculation of Surface Runoff Discharge, Calculation of Channels Design Discharge, Calculation and determination of the dimensions of Connectivity and Tertiary Irrigation Channels. The study results obtained a Need Field Requirement (NFR) value of 1.572 l/s/ha with a maximum irrigation water requirement of 2.418 l/s.ha. To increase menten agricultural yields, a planting pattern of 2 times is planned. The planned channel is an open trapezoidal channel that functions as a carrier channel and a discharge channel namely rice and crops. There are three connectivity irrigation channels. While there are 25 tertiary irrigation canals. The results of this research can be used reference to improve irrigation systems that are still not optimal.

Making assortment decisions is becoming an increasingly difficult task for many retailers worldwide as they implement omnichannel initiatives. Discrete choice modeling lies at the core of this challenge, yet existing models do not sufficiently account for the complex shopping behavior of customers in an om-nichannel environment. In this paper, we introduce a discrete choice model called the multichannel at-traction model (MAM). A key feature of the MAM is that it specifically accounts for both the product substitution behavior of customers within each channel and the switching behavior between channels. We formulate the corresponding assortment optimization problem as a mixed integer linear program and provide a computationally efficient heuristic method that can be readily used for obtaining high-quality solutions in large-scale omnichannel environments. We also present three different methods to estimate the MAM parameters based on aggregate sales transaction data. Finally, we describe general effects of the implementation of widely-used omnichannel initiatives on the MAM parameters, and carry out nu-merical experiments to explore the structure of optimal assortments, thereby gaining new insights into omnichannel assortment optimization. Our work provides the analytical framework for future studies to assess the impact of different omnichannel initiatives. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )

The stability of ice sheets and their contributions to sea level are modulated by high-pressure water that lubricates the base of the ice, facilitating rapid flow into the ocean. In Antarctica, subglacial processes are poorly characterized, limiting understanding of ice-sheet flow and its sensitivity to climate forcing. Here, using numerical modelling and geophysical data, we provide evidence of extensive, up to 460 km long, dendritically organized subglacial hydrological systems that stretch from the ice-sheet interior to the grounded margin. We show that these channels transport large fluxes (~24 m3 s−1) of freshwater at high pressure, potentially facilitating enhanced ice flow above. The water exits the ice sheet at specific locations, appearing to drive ice-shelf melting in these areas critical for ice-sheet stability. Changes in subglacial channel size can affect the water depth and pressure of the surrounding drainage system up to 100 km either side of the primary channel. Our results demonstrate the importance of incorporating catchment-scale basal hydrology in calculations of ice-sheet flow and in assessments of ice-shelf melt at grounding zones. Thus, understanding how marginal regions of Antarctica operate, and may change in the future, requires knowledge of processes acting within, and initiating from, the ice-sheet interior.

Electronic prostheses require a communication link to other on-body nodes, for example, for control signal extraction. This link can be made wireless to improve user experience compared to wired solutions. Even though ample on-body communication techniques have been described for wireless body area networks, in prosthetics, the efficiency of wireless links is often neglected, in particular when radio frequency (RF) antennas are used. This work aims to show the benefit of on-body RF antenna design for prosthetics, by developing a dedicated antenna for use in a lower arm prosthesis. Additionally, this work tries to fill a gap in literature, where some antennas for dedicated on-body RF communication are presented, but no antennas specific for communication along the arm exist. To this aim, numerical simulations are performed using a cylindrically layered arm model to design a novel, electrically small, capacitively loaded, meandered, 2.45 GHz monopole antenna. The antenna is fabricated using 3D printed polylactic acid and validated both in a static human arm channel and in a dynamic setting, where the human subject performs various tasks. This antenna outperforms an off-the-shelf printed circuit board (PCB) antenna by 18 dB and a rectangular patch antenna by 4 dB in terms of link budget at a separation distance of 20 cm, both in line of sight and non-LOS path loss experiments. Additionally, while performing four commonplace activities, the average power received increased by 20 dB in an on-body link established between two of our novel antennas rather than two of the PCB antennas. These results will aid in the development of wireless prostheses used by a growing number of amputees.

Purpose: Through this study, the aim was to find out the perception of the viewers of the television industry. Both primary and secondary research was conducted to understand what impressions the users hold and what factors may drive them toward a particular Channel platform. Approach: Different articles and blogs were referred to understand the user count, different age groups using these platforms, gender count, and the content that is being consumed. Detailed information about the sector, in general, has been elaborated in the study. Result: The likability of the content, factors leading to subscription, or factors obstructing a user to subscribe to the Channels platform, are researched in the study. Towards the end areas of improvement or suggestions are made for the entertainment industry. Value: This report has provided valued insights into a platform that is explored and what areas need improvement whilst stating the clear position of the television entertainment industry. Type of Paper: Exploratory Case Study.

NALCN channelosome complex contributes to maintaining resting membrane potential. The complex has four domains including two intracellular domains (UNC79 and UNC80), one transmembrane domain (NALCN) and one extracellular domain (FAM155A). Mutations in UNC80 were previously linked to infantile hypotonia with psychomotor retardation and characteristics facies 2. A 6-year-old male with neurodevelopmental disorder was referred for clinical exome sequencing. Sanger sequencing was conducted for variant confirmation and segregation analysis. The index had severe to profound neurodevelopmental delay, progressive failure to thrive, severe constipation and reflux, and sociable skills. Trio exome sequencing identified a homozygous c.6495G > A change causing p.Trp2165Ter in UNC80 in the proband. The variant was novel and predicted to be deleterious. We reported a novel nonsense mutation in UNC80. Our case also established the association between, and sociable skills and severe gastrointestinal problems.

This letter analyzes the feasibility of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) for accurate ultra-wideband (UWB) angle of arrival estimation that is robust against hardware imperfections. To this end, a uniform linear array with four antenna elements is leveraged and a DCNN approach is proposed and compared with traditional approaches, such as MUSIC and phase difference of arrival estimators, for different environments, number of available channel impulse responses, and polarization mismatches, in terms of absolute value of error and computational complexity. The proposed approach outperforms the traditional approaches up to 80 degrees error reduction at a computational complexity increase of only 10% compared to MUSIC.

Wireless systems have become an increasingly pivotal part of our lives. Various critical applications and use cases such as healthcare, financial transactions, e-commerce, transportation, industrial automation, etc. rely on secure and reliable communication for their proper operation. Despite their widespread adoption, conventional cryptographic security mechanisms are unable to scale with the increasingly decentralized and heterogeneous networks. Physical layer security (PLS), on the other hand, provides a promising complementary solution to ensure authenticity, confidentiality, integrity, and availability of legitimate transmissions by exploiting the dynamic characteristics of the wireless environment. Despite the plethora of literary works regarding different facets of PLS being present, a unified framework is still absent. In this paper, we provide a PLS framework that not only encompasses the existing works but also enables the development of next-generation PLS methods. In line with this, the importance of PLS for emerging technologies such as joint sensing and communication, vehicular communication, non-terrestrial networks, millimeter-wave, terahertz communication, etc. is highlighted. Furthermore, the key challenges and directions for future PLS mechanisms are identified.

Protein tunnels are essential in transporting small molecules into the active sites of enzymes. Tunnels' geometrical and physico-chemical properties influence the transport process. The tunnels are attractive hot spots for protein engineering and drug development. However, studying the ligand binding and unbinding using experimental techniques is challenging, while in silico methods come with their limitations, especially in the case of resource-demanding virtual screening pipelines. Caver Web 1.2 is a new version of the web server combining the capabilities for the detection of protein tunnels with the calculation of the ligand trajectories. The new version of the Caver Web server was expanded with the ability to fetch novel ligands from the Integrated Database of Small Molecules and with the fully automated virtual screening pipeline allowing for the fast evaluation of the predefined set of over 4,300 currently approved drugs. The virtual screening pipeline is accompanied by a comprehensive user interface, making it a viable service for the broader spectrum of companies and the academic user community. The web server is freely available for academic use at https://loschmidt.chemi.muni.cz/caverweb.

Ultralow-power sensing with inference functionality embedded in sensor nodes is essential for enabling the emerging pervasive intelligence. For acoustic inference sensing, the feature extraction can take advantage of power-efficient analog circuits. However, the existing solutions have been mostly constrained to linear analog signal processing, which largely limits the achievable power efficiency. In this article, we show that tasks like voice activity detection and keyword spotting can well accommodate analog feature extractor's high nonlinearity, which arises from electronic device physics and circuit design constraints. Applying this principle to a 65-nm CMOS chip implementation, we demonstrate high classification accuracy with nonlinear analog feature extraction consuming only 50 nW. At the end of digital scaling, this study may shed light on the possibility of exploiting the largely relaxed degree of freedom, i.e., linearity, in analog circuit design in the pursuit of extreme power efficiency for designing future inference sensing systems.

this article shows how to determine the heat-technical calculation of a solar collector.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 has undergone mutations, yielding clinically relevant variants. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that in SARS-CoV-2, two highly conserved Orf3a and E channels directly related to the virus replication were a target for the detection and inhibition of the viral replication, independent of the variant, using FDA-approved ion channel modulators. Methods: A combination of a fluorescence potassium ion assay with channel modulators was developed to detect SARS-CoV-2 Orf3a/E channel activity. Two FDA-approved drugs, amantadine (an antiviral) and amitriptyline (an antidepressant), which are ion channel blockers, were tested as to whether they inhibited Orf3a/E channel activity in isolated virus variants and in nasal swab samples from COVID-19 patients. The variants were confirmed by PCR sequencing. Results: In isolated SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants, the channel activity of Orf3a/E was detected and inhibited by emodin and gliclazide (IC50 = 0.42 mM). In the Delta swab samples, amitriptyline and amantadine inhibited the channel activity of viral proteins, with IC50 values of 0.73 mM and 1.11 mM, respectively. In the Omicron swab samples, amitriptyline inhibited the channel activity, with an IC50 of 0.76 mM. Conclusions: We developed an efficient method to screen FDA-approved ion channel modulators that could be repurposed to detect and inhibit SARS-CoV-2 viral replication, independent of variants.

The study considers the solution of a number of problems of supersonic and hypersonic gas dynamics using a model that takes into account the dissociation and ionization of air. The results of verification and validation of the developed numerical method using various difference schemes (the Roe scheme, Rusanov scheme, AUSM scheme) for discretizing convective flows are presented. The formulation of the mathematical model for high-temperature air uses the presence of equilibrium chemical reactions of dissociation and ionization. For this purpose, at high incoming flow velocities, the Kraiko model is applied, which includes equilibrium chemical reactions in air at high temperatures. To discretize the basic equations, the finite volume method on an unstructured grid is applied. One of the features of the constructed mathematical model is the implementation of the transition between physical and conservative variables. Relationships are given, with the help of which the transition from conservative variables to physical ones and vice versa is carried out when using the high-temperature air model. To ensure the stability of numerical calculations, an entropy correction is introduced. The decrease in entropy in the solution of hyperbolic equations is excluded by introducing an artificial viscosity according to Neumann, as well as by using the Godunov method with an exact solution of the Riemann problem and methods based on the approximate solution of the problem of the decay of an arbitrary discontinuity. A number of problems of supersonic gas dynamics (supersonic flow in a channel with a straight step and supersonic flow around a sphere) are numerically solved taking into account high-temperature effects. The criteria for the accuracy of numerical calculations related to the location of shock-wave structures are discussed. The calculated shock-wave structure of the flow is compared with the data available in the literature, as well as with calculations using the perfect gas model. Some results of numerical calculations are compared with the available experimental data. The shock-wave flow patterns obtained in the framework of the inviscid model, which takes into account the effect of viscosity and its dependence on temperature, and the turbulent flow model are compared. On the basis of numerical simulation data, the influence of viscous effects on the flow characteristics in a channel with a straight step and hypersonic flow around a sphere is considered. The influence of various numerical factors on the shape of the bow shock and the presence of fluctuations in the solution behind the shock is emphasized. As part of the work, a computational module was prepared for the commercial package Ansys Fluent, implemented with the help of user programming tools. The prepared module expands the standard capabilities of commercial software focused on solving computational gas dynamics problems, and is available to Ansys Fluent users for solving hypersonic aerodynamics problems. The developed means of numerical simulation can be useful in the design and optimization of hypersonic aircraft.

OP VVV Electrical Engineering Technologies with High-Level of Embedded Intelligence CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_069/0009855 and project SGS-2021- 021 A new generation of binary input/output card for a modular control system is introduced in this paper. The primary purpose of the proposed binary input/output card is high integration of the number of 32 binary input and output channels. The individual binary channels are designed to fulfill standard industrial control voltage levels. The binary input/output card is designed like a 3U plug-in unit to fit in a standard 3U height 19" sub-rack enclosure. The binary input/output card is equipped with hardware safety and diagnostic features like hardware blocking ability, autodetection, and infrared debug interface. The binary input/output card contains direct system and user signals as well as communications interfaces such as system CAN and user CAN.

Background A range of neurological pathologies may lead to secondary hydrocephalus. Treatment has largely been limited to surgical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion, as specific and efficient pharmacological options are lacking, partly due to the elusive molecular nature of the CSF secretion apparatus and its regulatory properties in physiology and pathophysiology. Methods CSF obtained from patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and rats with experimentally inflicted intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) was analyzed for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) by alpha-LISA. We employed the in vivo rat model to determine the effect of LPA on ventricular size and brain water content, and to reveal the effect of activation and inhibition of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ion channel on intracranial pressure and CSF secretion rate. LPA-mediated modulation of TRPV4 was determined with electrophysiology and an ex vivo radio-isotope assay was employed to determine the effect of these modulators on choroid plexus transport. Results Elevated levels of LPA were observed in CSF obtained from patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and from rats with experimentally-inflicted intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Intraventricular administration of LPA caused elevated brain water content and ventriculomegaly in experimental rats, via its action as an agonist of the choroidal transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel. TRPV4 was revealed as a novel regulator of ICP in experimental rats via its ability to modulate the CSF secretion rate through its direct activation of the Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter (NKCC1) implicated in CSF secretion. Conclusions Together, our data reveal that a serum lipid present in brain pathologies with hemorrhagic events promotes CSF hypersecretion and ensuing brain water accumulation via its direct action on TRPV4 and its downstream regulation of NKCC1. TRPV4 may therefore be a promising future pharmacological target for pathologies involving brain water accumulation.

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью достижения бесперебойности и надежности работ систем, связанных с транспортировкой георесурсов. Важной составляющей инженерных сооружений этих систем являются мостовые переходы. На водотоках горной зоны эти переходы часто выполняются однопролетными. На участках перехода для установления опор моста ширина реки сужается, что приводит к развитию процесса размыва грунта дна. Отметка подошвы опоры и условий ее безаварийной работы главным образом зависит от точности определения максимальной величины размыва дна реки. Для водотоков горно-предгорной зоны эта задача недостаточно изучена. С этой точки зрения рассматриваемая задача имеет актуальное значение, и ее решение представляет важное научно-практическое значение. Целью работы является моделирование процесса русловых преобразований на участке мостового перехода на реках горнопредгорной зоны и разработка метода расчета по определению деформации дна в переходном участке. Объектами исследования являются исходные параметры потока и русловые характеристики водотоков горно-предгорной зоны, гидродинамическиe процессы, происходящие на участке мостового перехода, краевые условия задачи и форма поперечного сечения русла. Методы. В результате анализа существующих работ оценено нынешнее состояние поставленной задачи и отмечены пути развития; проведено физическое и теоретическое моделирование процесса русловых преобразований на участке мостового перехода; определены краевые и граничные условия для различных конструктивных решений этих переходов; разработан способ гидравлического расчета русловых преобразований мостового перехода на водостоках горно-предгорной зоны; для оценки разработанного метода сопоставлены результаты численного примера с данными экспериментов. Результаты. Представлена физическая модель завершающей устойчивой стадии русловых преобразований на участке мостового перехода. Выявлены гидрологические, гидравлические и русловые параметры, являющиеся исходными при решении задачи. С учетом уравнений энергии, неразрывности потока и баланса наносов составлена математическая модель движения неравномерного потока в условиях преобразованного дна переходного участка. При этом поставленная задача преследует цель установить такое положение дна мостового перехода, в условиях которого процесс размыва русла будет завершен и восстановлено стационарное состояние движения. В разработках установлены краевые и граничные условия задачи. Использованы также зависимости поперечной формы русла и формула Шези. В результате совместных решений указанных выражений разработан расчетный метод установления положения стабилизированного дна на переходном участке реки и гидравлических параметров потока. Представлен численный пример расчета по определению координат стабилизированного дна и свободной поверхности в мостовом переходе. Дана оценка полученных результатов расчета. Сделано заключение о возможности использования предложенного метода для расчета параметров переходных участков горно-предгорных рек. The relevance of the study is conditioned by the necessity of achieving an uninterrupted and reliable operation of systems associated with the transportation of georesources. An important component of the engineering structures of these systems are bridge crossings. On the streams of the mountain zone, these crossings are often performed single-span. In the transition sections for establishing the bridge supports, the width of the river narrows, which leads to erosion of the bottom soil. The mark of the sole of the support and the very conditions of its long-term operation, depends on the accuracy of determining the maximum amount of erosion of the bottom of the river. From this point of view the problem under consideration is topical and will follow a solution that is of important practical value. The main aim of the work is modelling of channel transformations processes running at bridge crossing sections in mountain foothill zones and developing a calculation method for determining riverbeds deformations. The objects of the present study are initial parameters of the stream and channel characteristics of waterways in mountain foothill zones, hydrodynamic processes occurring at the bridge crossing section in rivers of a mountain foothill zone; channel deformations of the bottom; boundary conditions of the problem and the shape of the cross section of the channel. Methods. As a result of a relatively complete analysis of existing works the current state of the set problem has been assessed and the ways of development were marked; physical and theoretical modeling of the channel transformation at the bridge crossing area was performed; boundary conditions for various structural solutions of bridge crossings were determined; a method for hydraulic calculation of channel transformations at bridge crossings was developed for streams of mountain-foothills; numerical example was calculated according to the developed methods and the obtained results were analysed. Results. The paper introduces the physical model of the final stable stage of channel transformations at the bridge crossing section. The hydrological, hydraulic and channel parameters that are initial in solving the problem are identified. A mathematical model of nonuniform flow motion in the conditions of the transformed river bottom of the transition section was compiled taking into consideration equations of energy, continuity of flow and sediment balance. At the same time, the problem in view is aimed at establishing such a position of the bridge crossing bottom when the channel erosion will come to the end and the steady-state flow - restored. In elaborations boundary and boundary conditions of the problem were established. Dependences of the transverse form of the channel and the Shezy formula were also used. As a result of joint solutions of the above expressions a calculation method was developed to establish the position of the stabilized bottom on the transitional section of the river and hydraulic parameters of the flow. A numerical example of calculation made for determining the coordinates of the stabilized bottom and free surface in a bridge crossing is presented. The estimation of calculation results is given. The authors have made a conclusion on possibility of using the proposed method in calculations of parameters of transitional sections of mountain-foothill rivers.

Three-cycle acupuncture is a new acupuncture practice. This application is an objective patient-oriented application instead of subjective methods used in diagnosing acupuncture. Thus, the diagnosis and treatment of acupuncture are enlightened and made easier. The proper flow and quality of Chi are fundamental to treatment and optimal health in Chinese medicine.In the body, the channels of energy known asmeridiansconnect to the internal organs so that the qi of the organs flows to its associated body parts. In Chinese Traditional Medicine, energy flows through our 12 main meridians or energetic pathways, in two-hour blocks. Chi begins its daily flow in the Lungs and traverses to the Large Intestine before continuing to its next destination. It finally stops at the Liver, before it begins again. If the chi is blocked in a certain organ, it will not be able to completely activate that organ or continue its journey with enough intensity to fully benefit the next organ system. If we provide the flow of Chi in the pathological cycle, the cycle starts and the complaints disappear. With this acceptance, we introduced the concept of three-cycle acupuncture. Thus, we can only perform treatment without the need for another diagnosis method. We used the Yuan points of the organs belonging to the pathological cycle to remove the obstruction. The method was very effective and we got very good answers. We have been using the method in our polyclinics for five years.

Facilitation of cardiac function in response to signals from the sympathetic nervous system is initiated by the phosphorylation of L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCCs) by protein kinase A (PKA), which in turn is activated by β-adrenoceptors. Among the five subunits (α1, β, α2/δ, and γ) of VDCCs, the α1 subunit and the family of β subunits are substrates for PKA-catalyzed phosphorylation; however, the subunit responsible for β-adrenergic augmentation of Ca2+ channel function has yet to be specifically identified. Here we show that the VDCC β2 subunit is required for PKA phosphorylation upon sympathetic acceleration. In mice with β2 subunit-null mutations, cardiac muscle contraction in response to isoproterenol was reduced and there was no significant increase in Ca2+ channel currents upon PKA-dependent phosphorylation. These findings indicate that within the sympathetic nervous system the β2 subunit of VDCCs is required for physiological PKA-dependent channel phosphorylation.

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью обеспечивать точечное распространение кислотного раствора при проведении кислотной обработки призабойной зоны эксплуатационной скважины. Используя данный метод, повышается эффективность проведения данного процесса путем более глубокого растворения известняковой породы в призабойной зоне скважины и тем самым полнейшего открытия каналов для поступления пластовой жидкости из пласта в скважину. Цель: разработать и предложить метод точечной гидропескоструйной перфорации при кислотной обработке призабойной зоны эксплуатационной скважины, методику его применения и создать конструкции подземного и наземного оборудования скважин для осуществления разработанного метода. Объекты: лабораторный стенд с приспособлением моделирующего канал в породе; гидропескоструйный перфоратор при гидропескоструйном вскрытии; фиксатор гидравлический, предназначенный для предупреждения обрыва и снятия растягивающих напряжений в колонне труб при гидропескоструйном вскрытии и для фиксации при центровании перфоратора в заданном интервале обработки; кислотный раствор на основе соляной кислоты объемом 3-4 м3 ; продавочная жидкость. Методы. Экспериментальное исследование величины давления в канале при точечной гидропескоструйной перфорации проводили на стенде. В приспособлении устанавливали насадку и штуцер определенных диаметров - d и D - на необходимом расстоянии между ними. Насосным агрегатом прокачивали жидкость при давлении перед насадкой р1 и фиксировали давление внутри патрубка р2. В опытах в качестве рабочей жидкости использовали воду и водный раствор сульфит-спиртовой барды с вязкостью 12,65 сПз при температуре 20 °С. Процесс избирательной кислотной обработки состоит в том, что в скважину спускают гидропескоструйный перфоратор, устанавливая его на уровне выбранного интервала обработки, и гидравлические фиксаторы, необходимые для строгого удержания перфоратора. После этого закачивают 3-4 м3 кислотного раствора и продавочную жидкость. Затем в насосно-компрсссорные трубы и затрубное пространство нагнетают воздух или газ (до максимального давления в распределительной будке), и в таком состоянии скважину оставляют под давлением на 20 ч, и по окончании скважину дренируют для извлечения продуктов реакции на поверхность. Результаты. Из анализа результатов многократной (трехкратной) гидрокислотной обработки видно, что первоначальное давление закачки кислотного раствора после первого этапа обработки скважины было снижено на 24 %, а после второго - на 55 %. Метод кислотной обработки с дополнительной точной перфорацией призабойной зоны эксплуатационных скважин позволяет более эффективнее проводить процесс обработки. В результате увеличивается объем притока пластовой жидкости из пласта в скважину на 20…30 % в сравнении с обычной кислотной обработкой. The relevance of the study is caused by the need to ensure the point distribution of acid solution during acid treatment of the bottomhole zone of the production well. Using this method, the efficiency of this process increases by deeper dissolution of limestone rock in the bottomhole zone of the well and thereby completely opening channels for the flow of formation fluid from the formation into the well. The aim of the research is to develop and propose a method of point hydrosand-jet perforation during acid treatment of the bottomhole zone of a production well, a methodology for its application, and to create designs for underground and surface equipment of wells for implementing the developed method. Objects: laboratory stand with a device simulating a channel in the rock; hydrosand-jet perforator for hydrosand-jet opening; clamp designed to prevent breakage and relieve tensile stresses in the pipe string during hydrosand-jet opening and for fixing when centering the perforator in a given processing interval; acid solution based on hydrochloric acid with a volume of 3-4 m3 ; displacement fluid. Methods. The experimental study of the pressure in the channel at point hydrosand-jet perforation was carried out on a stand. In the device, a nozzle and a fitting of certain diameters - d and D - were installed at the required distance between them. The pumping unit was used to pump the liquid at a pressure p1 before the attachment, and the pressure inside the branch pipe p2 was recorded. In the experiments, water and aqueous solution of sulfite-alcohol stillage with a viscosity of 12,65 cPz at 20 °C were used as the working fluid. The selective acidizing consists in the fact that a hydroseed-jet perforator is lowered into the well, set at the level of the selected treatment interval, and hydraulic clamps necessary to strictly hold the perforator. After that 3-4 m3 of acid solution and squeezing fluid are pumped in. Then, air or gas is injected into the tubing and the annular space (up to the maximum pressure in the distribution booth) and in this state the well is left under pressure for 20 hours and at the end the well is drained to extract the reaction products to the surface. Results. From the analysis of the results of multiple (threefold) hydro-acid treatment, it can be seen that the initial injection pressure of the acid solution after the first stage of the well treatment was reduced by 24 %, and after the second - by 55 %. The acidizing method with additional accurate perforation of the bottomhole zone of production wells allows implementing a more efficient treatment. As a result, the volume of formation fluid inflow from the formation into the well increases by 20...30 % in comparison with conventional acidizing.

In the process of evolution to the next generation network, wireless is an indispensable technology. Because of its Multi-Hop characteristics, the application value of Wireless Mesh Network in the next generation Internet has been proved. Because of Mesh peer-to-peer network topology, if a node fails, it will not affect the operation of the whole network, and can effectively avoid single point of failure. As a solution to provide high-speed internet services, Wireless Mesh Network can provide network access for mobile users in its coverage area, and it has evolved into an effective solution for broadband home networks, community networks, enterprise networks and other wireless access networks.

The main aim of this investigation was an experimental analysis of the air cleaning efficiency in a mock-up next-generation air cleaning device - one-level 8-channel industrial cyclone-separator with quarter-rings - while changing parameters of the inner structure and the assessment of the effects of dispersion of particulate matter. Therefore, the research was carried out in two stages: the first stage covered the analysis of the efficiency of the multi-channel cyclone with particulate matter of

Silicon is a beneficial element for plant growth and production, especially in rice. Plant roots take up silicon in the form of silicic acid. Silicic acid channels, which belong to the NIP subfamily of aquaporins, are responsible for silicic acid uptake. Accumulated experimental results have deepened our understanding of the silicic acid channel for its uptake mechanism, physiological function, localization, and other aspects. However, how the silicic acid channel efficiently and selectively permeates silicic acid remains to be elucidated. Recently reported crystal structures of the silicic acid channel enabled us to discuss the mechanism of silicic acid uptake by plant roots at an atomic level. In this mini-review, we focus on the crystal structures of the silicic acid channel and provide a detailed description of the structural determinants of silicic acid permeation and its transport mechanism, which are crucial for the rational creation of secure and sustainable crops.

In the shipping industry, wireless communication systems are desired for enabling digitalization and tracking advancements throughout the complete shipping process. In this paper, we present an 868 MHz path loss model for outdoor industrial container terminal environments, based on a measurement campaign using a spectrum analyzer-based channel sounder. Due to the container layout, i.e., containers are stacked in rows with gaps in between, the path loss exponent of the one-slope path loss model is very low. The container stack attenuation equals 21 dB, which is much higher than the penetration loss of objects in other industrial environments.

We performed microwave spectroscopy of an InAs nanowire between superconducting contacts implementing a finite-length, multi-channel Josephson weak link. Certain features in the spectra, such as the splitting by spin-orbit interactions of the transition lines among Andreev states, have been already understood in terms of non-interacting models. However, we identify here additional transitions, which evidence the presence of Coulomb interactions. By combining experimental measurements and model calculations, we reach a qualitative understanding of these very rich Andreev spectra., Comment: (6+8) pages, (4+10) figures; added figure in SM

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a socially significant disease, during the development of which oxidative stress and inflammation play a significant role. Here, we studied the neuroprotective effects of four Kunitz-type peptides from Heteractis crispa and Heteractis magnifica sea anemones against PD inductors. The peptide HCIQ1c9, which was obtained for the first time, inhibited trypsin less than other peptides due to unfavorable interactions of Arg17 with Lys43 in the enzyme. Its activity was reduced by up to 70% over the temperature range of 60-100 °C, while HCIQ2c1, HCIQ4c7, and HMIQ3c1 retained their conformation and stayed active up to 90-100 °C. All studied peptides inhibited paraquat- and rotenone-induced intracellular ROS formation, in particular NO, and scavenged free radicals outside the cells. The peptides did not modulate the TRPV1 channels but they affected the P2X7R, both of which are considered therapeutic targets in Parkinson's disease. HMIQ3c1 and HCIQ4c7 almost completely inhibited the ATP-induced uptake of YO-PRO-1 dye in Neuro-2a cells through P2X7 ion channels and significantly reduced the stable calcium response in these cells. The complex formation of the peptides with the P2X7R extracellular domain was determined via SPR analysis. Thus, these peptides may be considered promising compounds to protect neuronal cells against PD inductors, which act as ROS production inhibitors and partially act as ATP-induced P2X7R activation inhibitors. ispartof: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES vol:23 issue:9 ispartof: location:Switzerland status: published

Constant raising the requirements for logistics service of end-consumer expand sales markets and economic relationships that are formed under conditions of uncertainty and instability of the environment, leading to the need to consider not only the logistics system of internal factors but also external. This issue is especially important for Commonwealth of Independent States that rebuilt to a market economy. Nowadays, the grocery logistics network distribution system that would fit for end-consumer and logistics systems owner simultaneously have not fully developed. On the one hand, consumers are looking for minimal cost, which can be provided by direct logistic channels, but minimal cost do not give flexibility in quantity and volumes or other services. On the other hand, the multilevel system provides high level of service and diversity in channel, but products are more expensive in it. Finding the balance between rational price and level of service for end-consumer and logistics system profits in period is been up-today issue in consumer-oriented logistics. The development of mechanisms makes it possible to assess the scale of the rational use of direct and multi-level logistics for the distribution of material flows, which was demonstrated with the numbering of participants in the logistics system in the current situation (external and internal factors). The paper considers the functioning of the system for delivering goods on a direct and multilevel distribution channel. An integrated approach to evaluate the efficiency of the functioning of the logistics system and the consumer had been used.

The implementation of Wi-Fi on campuses brings huge benefits for campus users in communications and education development. Some campuses face existing poor Quality of Service (QoS) on the Wi-Fi performance which is also unjustified and issues on unsatisfied connections. This research aims to analyses the Wi-Fi performance of the campus network for three indoor access points. Signal strength, usage percentage, channel utilization, and the number of clients count per access points are measured. Results show that 56% is the highest signal percentage and the lowest signal percentage is at 1%. Access point of Ustudent is the highest at 53% and lowest at 38%. The highest signal strength of -45dBm is found and the other two are below by -2 dBm. The lowest signal strength is at -95 dBm. SSID CCNA_1 is identified has the best signal strength compared to other SSIDs because it runs on 5 GHz frequency. The most channels used are channels 1, 4, and 6. Respectively 151, 67, and 57 users are connected to Ustudent, UHotspot, and CCNA_1. This study is significant for the QoS in a campus network in providing good network services. Thus, the QoS on Wi-Fi performance is improvised, monitored and analyzed for continues supports users in the campus network successfully

The basic conceptual idea of logistics is the need to adapt the company to an ever-changing market situation, while spending a minimum of funds in these conditions. The concept of logistics is a system of views on the rationalization of economic activity by optimizing material flows. The paper investigates the change of the main indicators of the functioning of the supply chain, depending on the organization of distribution of the material flow. The supply systems of food products that form the consumer basket at the stage of distribution is considered. The conceptual schemes of freight flow distribution with and without distribution center is presented. The field research was conducted to determine and initial data were collected. The paper investigate the functioning of the supply chain in two cases: in a situation "proposed scenario" and in a situation "without a project". The situation "existing scenario" implies that no action to change the parameters of the supply chain during the period specified for the research does not take place. In this case, it is necessary to assess the effectiveness of the logistics chain under existing conditions. An integrated approach to evaluate the efficiency of the functioning of the logistics system and the consumer had been used. The efficiency of existing of the supply chain functioning were analysed. Also, certain measures will be implemented to improve the chain through investments and by bringing logistics infrastructure with the needs. A modelling of the supply chain was made. The effect of parameters of participants on the supply chain efficiency was analysed. The planned effect from the reorganization of distribution channels is calculated. The technological and economic feasibility of introducing a distribution center into the existing distribution channel based on modeling is calculated. The object of the research is the process of food products distribution in the supply chain. The aim of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of the food supply chain scheme.

Macroautophagy/autophagy is an intracellular process involved in the breakdown of macromolecules and organelles. Recent studies have shown that PKD2/PC2/TRPP2 (polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel), a nonselective cation channel permeable to Ca2+ that belongs to the family of transient receptor potential channels, is required for autophagy in multiple cell types by a mechanism that remains unclear. Here, we report that PKD2 forms a protein complex with BECN1 (beclin 1), a key protein required for the formation of autophagic vacuoles, by acting as a scaffold that interacts with several co-modulators via its coiled-coil domain (CCD). Our data identified a physical and functional interaction between PKD2 and BECN1, which depends on one out of two CCD domains (CC1), located in the carboxy-terminal tail of PKD2. In addition, depletion of intracellular Ca2+ with BAPTA-AM not only blunted starvation-induced autophagy but also disrupted the PKD2-BECN1 complex. Consistently, PKD2 overexpression triggered autophagy by increasing its interaction with BECN1, while overexpression of PKD2D509V, a Ca2+ channel activity-deficient mutant, did not induce autophagy and manifested diminished interaction with BECN1. Our findings show that the PKD2-BECN1 complex is required for the induction of autophagy, and its formation depends on the presence of the CC1 domain of PKD2 and on intracellular Ca2+ mobilization by PKD2. These results provide new insights regarding the molecular mechanisms by which PKD2 controls autophagy.Abbreviations: ADPKD: autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease; ATG: autophagy-related; ATG14/ATG14L: autophagy related 14; Baf A1: bafilomycin A1; BCL2/Bcl-2: BCL2 apoptosis regulator; BCL2L1/BCL-XL: BCL2 like 1; BECN1: beclin 1; CCD: coiled-coil domain; EBSS: Earle's balanced salt solution; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GOLGA2/GM130: golgin A2; GST: glutathione s-transferase; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; NBR1: NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; PIK3C3/VPS34: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PKD2/PC2: polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel; RTN4/NOGO: reticulon 4; RUBCN/RUBICON: rubicon autophagy regulator; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; UVRAG: UV radiation resistance associated; WIPI2: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2. ispartof: AUTOPHAGY vol:17 issue:7 pages:1714-1728 ispartof: location:United States status: published

Extending the durability of functioning of the sensitive elements of radiation indicators and increasing their reliability and safety are the main requirements for producers of modern radiation reconnaissance and monitoring devices. The proposed solutions for construction improving of products provide for the usage of optical fibers and the corresponding formation of loop-shaped channels in the finished sensitive polymer element. Potential possibilities of using magnetic abrasive polishing for finishing channel surfaces are considered. For the chosen construction of the polishing head, the material and form of the powder particles composition and the process parameters are proposed. The effect of the frequency and amplitude of vibration of abrasive particles on the depth of their penetration into the surface layer of the polymer is investigated. It has been determined that the widest possibilities of using powders of the composition Fe - C - Si - Ti with a diameter of d = 50 – 400 μm have a mode when the pressure of the air flow by feeding particles is maintained at a level of 1 atm, the magnetic induction of the field in the working gap is 0.8 T, the vibration amplitude of the particles is a = 0.4 mm, and the vibration frequency varies in the range f = 25 – 30 Hz, Подовжити довговічність функціонування – головна вимога до виробників сучасних приладів радіаційної розвідки та контролю. Запропоновані рішення щодо вдосконалення конструкції виробів передбачають використання оптичних світловодів та відповідне формування канавок петлеподібного профілю у готовому чутливому полімерному елементі. Розглянуто потенційні можливості використання магнітно-абразивного полірування для фінішної обробки поверхонь канавки чутливих елементів дозиметрів з метою підвищення їх надійності та безпечності. Для вибраної конструкції полірувальної головки запропоновано матеріал та форму порошкової композиції і параметри процесу. Досліджено вплив частоти та амплітуди коливання часточок на глибину їх проникнення у поверхневий шар полімеру.

Arabidopsis thaliana contains five tandem-pore domain potassium channels, TPK1-TPK5 and the related one-pore domain potassium channel, KCO3. Although KCO3 is unlikely to be an active channel, it still has a physiological role in plant cells. TPK2 is most similar to KCO3 and both are localized to the tonoplast. However, their function remains poorly understood. Here, taking advantage of the similarities between TPK2 and KCO3, we evaluated Ca2+ binding to the EF hands in TPK2, and the elements of KCO3 required for K+ channel activity. Presence of both EF-hand motifs in TPK2 resulted in Ca2+ binding, but EF1 or EF2 alone failed to interact with Ca2+. The EF hands were not required for K+ transport activity. EF1 contains two cysteines separated by two amino acids. Replacement of both cysteines with serines in TPK2 increased Ca2+ binding. We generated a two-pore domain chimeric K+ channel by replacing the missing pore region in KCO3 with a pore domain of TPK2. Alternatively, we generated two versions of simple one-pore domain K+ channels by removal of an extra region from KCO3. The chimera and one of the simple one-pore variants were functional channels. This strongly suggests that KCO3 is not a pseudogene and KCO3 retains components required for the formation of a functional K+ channel and oligomerization. Our results contribute to our understanding of the structural properties required for K+ channel activity.

Underwater collaborative work between small mobile platforms (SMP) such as divers, litter submarine or AUV, requires a high data rate communication system which is compact, reliable, affordable and eye-safe. The high bandwidth of LED-based underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) is an advantage. Artificial, emulated as well as simulated, turbid underwater channel has been studied recently, but no practical nature water. To fully meet the requirements of challenging turbid underwater channel scenarios for SMP, we demonstrated a green LED-based UWOC system up to a bandwidth of 3.4 MHz in a highly-turbid nature lake water. Through a contrast wireless optical communication (WOC) experiment in air, turbid water channel is observed to compensates the receiving signal amplitude attenuates after propagating a longer attenuation length due to multiple-scattered light caused diffusion, and thus to be more like a single-input multi-output (SIMO) system. From our experimental observation, the SIMO channel model could be employed not only in turbulent UWOC, but also in highly turbid UWOC. Moreover, turbid water channel is observed a “frequency selection” effect, thus LED with lower threshold voltage at higher frequency would optimize bandwidth and link range, and a robust pre-code for interference cancellation would be a well-direct choice to constructing different UWOC system in highly turbid water for SMP. Our finding will provide a new reference complementing the current LED-based UWOC systems in realistic water environment.

This study aimed at making an investigation on the effect of the magnetic field on second law analysis for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) permeable channel flow with convective cooling. Specifically, the study intended to develop a flow model for a case of nanofluid in a channel, determining the effect of different parameters on velocity and temperature of nanofluid and to determine the effect of the magnetic field on the channel flow of nanofluid. In this study, the appropriate mathematical model for the problem was derived from the laws of conservation, momentum and energy balance where both first and second laws of thermodynamics are utilized to analyze the model problem. Using the discretization finite difference method together with the Runge-Kutta Fehlberg integration scheme, the governing partial differential equations are solved numerically and implemented on the Computer using Matlab software. The findings showed that the alumina water nanofluid tended to flow quicker than copper water nanofluid and the velocity profile increased with Hartmann number but decreased with the quantity of nanoparticle volume fraction and magnetic field.

International audience; We address the estimation of the Ricean K factor when the available complex channel samples are noisy and subject to Nakagami-m shadowing, i.e., the line-of-sight component is modeled as a Nakagami-m random variable. We propose two estimators: one based on the expectation-maximization (EM) procedure, and a second one based on the method of moment (MoM). The MoM estimator can be used to initialize the EM procedure. We show by simulations that the two proposed estimators outperform the existing ones.

Mechanosensation - by which mechanical stimuli are converted into a neuronal signal - is the basis for the sensory systems of hearing, balance, and touch. Mechanosensation is unmatched in speed and its diverse range of sensitivities, reaching its highest temporal limits with the sense of hearing; however, hair cells (HCs) and the auditory nerve (AN) serve as obligatory bottlenecks for sounds to engage the brain. Like other sensory neurons, auditory neurons use the canonical pathway for neurotransmission and millisecond-duration action potentials (APs). How the auditory system utilizes the relatively slow transmission mechanisms to achieve ultrafast speed, and high audio-frequency hearing remains an enigma. Here, we address this paradox and report that the mouse, and chinchilla, AN are mechanically sensitive, and minute mechanical displacement profoundly affects its response properties. Sound-mimicking sinusoidal mechanical and electrical current stimuli affect phase-locked responses. In a phase-dependent manner, the two stimuli can also evoke suppressive responses. We propose that mechanical sensitivity interacts with synaptic responses to shape responses in the AN, including frequency tuning and temporal phase locking. Combining neurotransmission and mechanical sensation to control spike patterns gives the mammalian AN a secondary receptor role, an emerging theme in primary neuronal functions. ispartof: ELIFE vol:11 ispartof: location:England status: published

Приведены результаты исследований по разработке методики выращивания влаголюбивых культур (тростник обыкновенный (Phragmites australis), рогоз узколистный (Typha angustifolia), мох гипнум кипарисовый (Hipnum cupressiforme) для определения эффективного соотношения низинного торфа и смеси щепы хвойных и лиственничных деревьев в полученном субстрате на опытных участках Экологического стационара РГАУ-МСХА им. К.А. Тимирязева, который будет благоприятно влиять на будущий прирост биомассы влаголюбивых культур и дальнейшего ее целевого использования. Произведена оценка агрохимических и агрофизических показателей почвогрунта. Для решения главной проблемы поддержания функционирования урбоэкосистем нами была поставлена цель: разработка методики восстановления урбанизированных территорий путем искусственного увлажнения изучаемого объекта и создания условий для произрастания типичных в этой местности влаголюбивых культур и их хозяйственное применение без ущерба восстановленной экосистеме. Внедрение технологии выращивания влаголюбивых культур позволит существенно повысить эффективность использования участков выработанных территорий, ежегодно получать биомассу тростника, мха и рогоза для последующего целевого использования. Возможность в условиях мегаполиса изучить проблему переувлажненных территорий, решить данную задачу экологическим путем через выращивание влаголюбивых культур., The article presents the results of research on the development of methods for growing moisture-loving crops (common reed (Phragmites australis), narrow-leaved cattail (Typha angustifolia), cypress Hypnum moss (Hypnum cupressiforme)) to determine the effective ratio of lowland peat and a mixture of chips of coniferous and larch trees in the resulting substrate at the experimental sites of the Ecological experimental station of the Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, which will favorably affect the future growth of biomass of moistureloving crops and its further targeted use. The agrochemical and agrophysical parameters of the soil were evaluated. To solve the main problem of maintaining the sustainable functioning of urban ecosystems, we set a goal: to develop a methodology for restoring urbanized territories by artificially moistening the object under study and creating conditions for the growth of moisture-loving crops typical in this area and their economic use without damage to the restored ecosystem. The introduction of the technology of growing moisture-loving crops will significantly increase the efficiency of the use of worked-out areas, and annually obtain reed, moss and cattail biomass for subsequent intended use. Possibility in the conditions of a metropolis to study the problem of waterlogged territories, to solve this problem in an ecological way through the cultivation of moisture-loving crops.

Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) represents a predominant Ca2+ influx pathway in non-excitable cells. SOCE is required for immune cell activation and is mediated by the plasma membrane (PM) channel ORAI1 and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ sensor STIM1. Mutations in the Orai1 or STIM1 genes abolish SOCE leading to combined immunodeficiency (CID), muscular hypotonia, and anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Here, we identify a novel autosomal recessive mutation in ORAI1 in a child with CID. The patient is homozygous for p.C126R mutation in the second transmembrane domain (TM2) of ORAI1, a region with no previous loss-of-function mutations. SOCE is suppressed in the patient’s lymphocytes, which is associated with impaired T cell proliferation and cytokine production. Functional analyses demonstrate that the p.C126R mutation does not alter protein expression but disrupts ORAI1 trafficking. Orai1-C126R does not insert properly into the bilayer resulting in ER retention. Insertion of an Arg on the opposite face of TM2 (L135R) also results in defective folding and trafficking. We conclude that positive side chains within ORAI1 TM2 are not tolerated and result in misfolding, defective bilayer insertion, and channel trafficking thus abolishing SOCE and resulting in CID.Other Information Published in: Journal of Clinical Immunology License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10875-021-01004-8

Nematode parasites of humans, livestock and crops dramatically impact human health and welfare. Alarmingly, parasitic nematodes of animals have rapidly evolved resistance to anthelmintic drugs, and traditional nematicides that protect crops are facing increasing restrictions because of poor phylogenetic selectivity. Here, we exploit multiple motor outputs of the model nematode C. elegans towards nematicide discovery. This work yielded multiple compounds that selectively kill and/or immobilize diverse nematode parasites. We focus on one compound that induces violent convulsions and paralysis that we call nementin. We find that nementin stimulates neuronal dense core vesicle release, which in turn enhances cholinergic signaling. Consequently, nementin synergistically enhances the potency of widely- used non-selective acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, but in a nematode-selective manner. Nementin therefore has the potential to reduce the environmental impact of toxic AChE inhibitors that are used to control nematode infections and infestations. A C. elegans-based screening approach identifies nementin as a nematode- selective nematicide that can be used synergistically with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

En estos últimos años, la ausencia de cableado en las redes inalámbricas ha favorecido la separación del mundo de las redes fijas. El uso de ontologías como modelos computacionales de cualquier dominio permite desarrollar cierto grado de razonamiento. El objetivo principal de este proyecto final de carrera será la realización de un primer prototipo de ontología que permita modelar todos los conceptos y sus relaciones, dentro de las redes inalámbricas. La tecnología de sistema de redes de datos inalámbricos más exitosa es 802.11., In recent years, the absence of cabling in wireless networks has favored the separation from the world of fixed networks. The use of ontologies as computational models in any domain allows to develop a certain degree of reasoning. The main objective of this final degree project will be the realization of a first prototype of ontology that allows modeling all the concepts and their relationships within wireless networks. The most successful wireless data network system technology is 802.11., Grado en Ingeniería en Tecnologías de la Telecomunicación

Nephropathic cystinosis is an inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the cystinosin (CTNS) gene and is characterized by the excessive shedding of proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) and podocytes into urine, development of the renal Fanconi syndrome and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). We hypothesized that in compensation for epithelial cell losses, cystinosis kidneys undertake a regenerative effort, and searched for the presence of kidney progenitor cells (KPCs) in the urine of cystinosis patients. Urine was cultured in a specific progenitor medium to isolate undifferentiated cells. Of these, clones were characterized by qPCR, subjected to a differentiation protocol to PTECs and podocytes and assessed by qPCR, Western blot, immunostainings and functional assays. Cystinosis patients voided high numbers of undifferentiated cells in urine, of which various clonal cell lines showed a high capacity for self-renewal and expressed kidney progenitor markers, which therefore were assigned as cystinosis urine-derived KPCs (Cys-uKPCs). Cys-uKPC clones showed the capacity to differentiate between functional PTECs and/or podocytes. Gene addition with wild-type CTNS using lentiviral vector technology resulted in significant reductions in cystine levels. We conclude that KPCs present in the urine of cystinosis patients can be isolated, differentiated and complemented with CTNS in vitro, serving as a novel tool for disease modeling. ispartof: CELLS vol:11 issue:7 ispartof: location:Switzerland status: published

This research studies the problem of a joint capacity/capacity reliability analysis of the multiuser multi-input multioutput (MIMO) system functioning in the presence of generalized multipath fading. The study presents the derived results of the closed-form analytical statistical description of the ergodic sum-rate capacity, the capacity reliability and the capacity’s higher-order statistics in the case of complex Nakagami-m distributed channel transmission coefficients. A numerical verification of the derived expressions was performed, and it demonstrated excellent correspondence with the simulation. The system performance was evaluated with the help of a numerical analysis of the joint first- and second-order statistics description, depending on the channel and system parameters. The results demonstrated several peculiarities, e.g., the existence of a specific extremum of the capacity reliability for small-sized MIMO systems, its opposite behavior (in terms of the varying number of antenna elements) for heavy and light fading, and the existing asymptotic regions of the system and the channel parameters.

Does a dynamic drainage density have a role on species persistence in the river basin? The general viability of a focus species under time-varying hydrologic connectivity and habitat quality is a topic gaining traction in view of recent advances in our understanding of flowing fluvial network dynamics and of ecological interactions occurring on directed trees. Here, we combine metapopulation dynamics and scaling theory to investigate how the structure of river networks and time-changing hydrological and geomorphological attributes control local metapopulation survival. This is done by introducing seasonal fluctuations of the drainage density subsuming overall time-changing connectivity and distributed changes in habitat quality of the fluvial domain. Suitable replicas of channel networks within an assigned domain are used to compute the statistics of evolving metapopulation capacities, properties of a landscape matrix measuring the viability of the focus species. To obtain consistent replicas of the substrate for ecological interactions, we employ constructs whose suitability for the task has long been established. We find that the river network structure blends the fluctuations into a nontrivial scaling of the metapopulation capacity with the sum of total active contributing sites at any point of the flowing network. The latter is proportional to the mean distance to the outlet of the flowing dendrite and to the tree diameter-a measure of the overall connectivity of the active stream links. Scaling emerges as a robust ensemble property that enables the linkage of ecological patterns across a river network to clearly identified hydrological and geomorphological factors.

The unrelated protein families of the microbial formate–nitrite transporters (FNTs) and aquaporins (AQP) likely adapted the same protein fold through convergent evolution. FNTs facilitate weak acid anion/H+ cotransport, whereas AQP water channels strictly exclude charged substrates including protons. The FNT channel–like transduction pathway bears two lipophilic constriction sites that sandwich a highly conserved histidine residue. Because of lacking experiments, the function of these constrictions is unclear, and the protonation status of the central histidine during substrate transport remains a matter of debate. Here, we introduced constriction-widening mutations into the prototypical FNT from Escherichia coli, FocA, and assayed formate/H+ transport properties, water/solute permeability, and proton conductance. We found that enlargement of these constrictions concomitantly decreased formate/formic acid transport. In contrast to wildtype FocA, the mutants were unable to make use of a transmembrane proton gradient as a driving force. A construct in which both constrictions were eliminated exhibited water permeability, similar to AQPs, although accompanied by a proton conductance. Our data indicate that the lipophilic constrictions mainly act as barriers to isolate the central histidine from the aqueous bulk preventing protonation via proton wires. These results are supportive of an FNT transport model in which the central histidine is uncharged, and weak acid substrate anion protonation occurs in the vestibule regions of the transporter before passing the constrictions.

The graphene-based nano-mechanical systems have attracted a lot of attention due to their unique properties. Owing to its planar shape, it is hard to control the direction of motion of graphene. In this study, a directional system based on graphene with a channel driven by a thermal gradient was examined by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The results showed that the channel could direct the motion and correct the rotation of graphene nanoflakes. The movement of graphene nanoflake not only depended on the interaction between the nanoflake and the substrate, but also the configuration of the graphene in the channel. A larger thermal gradient was needed to drive a hydrogen-passivated graphene nanoflake. However, the movement of a passivated nanoflake was more stable. Our results showed that a passivated graphene nanoflake could move steadily along a direction in a channel, which might shed light on the design of nano-mechanical systems based on graphene.

The pipeline transportation of coal slurries is always subject to a temperature difference between the outdoors environment and the fluid body. As slurries’ viscosity is typically temperature dependent, the flow is accompanied by the heat transfer. In this study, we used the CFD method to investigate temperature distributions and flow structures in straight and curved channels, which has not previously been investigated, according to our knowledge. First, the results demonstrate that the cooling process influences the flow structures along the stream. The fluid turns more sharply in the cooler fluid in the curved channel, the streamlines overlap at an earlier position within the bend, and the velocity maximum zone is wider. Cooling also has a significant impact on transverse flow. Because of the higher viscosity of the more cooled fluid and thus the difficulty of shearing the fluid in the stream-wise direction, the vorticity and strength of the vortex flow are greater. The fluid velocity at the central part of the channel points toward the inner wall at the beginning of the bend, resulting in an inner-wall biased temperature distribution, as the heat transfer is partially carried out by the fluid velocity. The central velocity points toward the outer wall at the end of the bend, resulting in the outer-wall biased temperature profile.

For the high performance of a fuel cell where a bipolar plate (BP) is applied, rectangular channel, microchannel width, micro-rib, enough channel quantity, adequate channel depth, and innovative flow field design should be realized from a configuration standpoint. In this study, a stainless-steel BP with a microchannel flow field is fabricated with a powder bed fusion (PBF) 3D printer to improve fuel cell performance. A BP with a triple serpentine flow field, rectangular channel, 300 μm channel width, 300 μm rib, and 500 μm channel depth is designed. The print is completed perfectly until the flow field. The bending phenomenon due to thermal deformation does not occur in the BP fabricated by designing the thickness at 2 mm. Performance tests are conducted using fabricated stainless-steel BPs. The current density value is 1.2052 A/cm2 at 0.6 V. This value is higher by 52.8% than the BP with 940 μm channels (rectangle, 940 μm ribs, and 500 μm channel depth). In addition, the value is higher by 24.9% than a graphite BP with 940 μm channels (rectangle, 940 μm ribs, and 1000 μm channel depth). The current density values are measured at 0.6 V for 260 h.

In 2016, a fishery for whelks (Buccinum undatum) was initiated in the Danish part of Kattegat and the Belt Sea. Until then the whelk had been a pristine resource in Danish fisheries. The inner Danish waters are not covered by EU regulations and very little is known about the whelk population characteristics in the area. Thus, the Danish whelk fishery is at present carried out without any administrative regulations or specific biological knowledge. This work gives novel information about the Danish whelk populations in the Southern Kattegat and Belt Sea. The stock size (shell length 40 mm) in Kattegat was estimated to be in the range of 230,250–921,000 tons. The overall meat percentage in the three studied fishing zones ranged from 58.2–65.6 %. The size at maturity (sexes pooled) ranged from 62.9–70.3 mm corresponding to 4–4.5 years of age. The average shell length of the studied populations ranged from 64.1–73.2 mm and the asymptotic shell length was estimated to be 77.6–83.1 mm. Test fishery showed the CPUE quickly to decrease in a southern direction in the Belt Sea due to the prevailing salinity gradient. Commercial fishermen achieved an average CPUE of 1.3 kg pot-1 in the Southern Kattegat (January 2017–November 2018). Although the three zones studied are adjacent, significant differences were found in several of the measured parameters. This underlines the need of local monitoring of population characteristics in order to advice authorities on possible regulation of whelk fishery. The ongoing whelk fishery in the Southern Kattegat has at present an intensity not believed to cause recruitment overfishing. However, the Danish fishing authority is encouraged to implement a minimum conservation reference sizes (MCRS) based on locally determined size of maturity (SOM). In 2016, a fishery for whelks (Buccinum undatum) was initiated in the Danish part of Kattegat and the Belt Sea. Until then the whelk had been a pristine resource in Danish fisheries. The inner Danish waters are not covered by EU regulations and very little is known about the whelk population characteristics in the area. Thus, the Danish whelk fishery is at present carried out without any administrative regulations or specific biological knowledge. This work gives novel information about the Danish whelk populations in the Southern Kattegat and Belt Sea. The stock size (shell length > 40 mm) in Kattegat was estimated to be in the range of 230,250-921,000 tons. The overall meat percentage in the three studied fishing zones ranged from 58.2-65.6 %. The size at maturity (sexes pooled) ranged from 62.9- 70.3 mm corresponding to 4-4.5 years of age. The average shell length of the studied populations ranged from 64.1-73.2 mm and the asymptotic shell length was estimated to be 77.6-83.1 mm. Test fishery showed the CPUE quickly to decrease in a southern direction in the Belt Sea due to the prevailing salinity gradient. Commercial fishermen achieved an average CPUE of 1.3 kg pot-1 in the Southern Kattegat (January 2017-November 2018). Although the three zones studied are adjacent, significant differences were found in several of the measured parameters. This underlines the need of local monitoring of population characteristics in order to advice authorities on possible regulation of whelk fishery. The ongoing whelk fishery in the Southern Kattegat has at present an intensity not believed to cause recruitment overfishing. However, the Danish fishing authority is encouraged to implement a minimum conservation reference sizes (MCRS) based on locally determined size of maturity (SOM).(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

The motion of an individual particle in a circular channel flow induced with fluid injection is considered. Analysis takes into account drag and gravitational forces acting on an individual particle. The change in the radial structure of the flow in a channel with fluid injection on the motion of a particle is studied. A number of simplifying assumptions about the structure of the fluidflow in the channel makes it possible to obtain an analytical solution of the problem for particles. The results of a qualitative analysis of particle trajectories in the channel with fluid injection are compared with numerical simulations. The singular points of the particle trajectory are found in a wide range of characteristic non-dimensional parameters of the problem. The modes of motion of an individual particle in a channel with fluid injection are classified depending on the Stokes and Froude numbers.

The IEEE 802.15.4 has become the de facto medium access standard for industrial applications. It’s a widely used standard in countless real implementations. The success of the IEEE 802.15.4, specifically designed for low-rate and low power and lossy networks, pushes many wireless industrial solutions (e.g., ZigBee Alliance, ISA100 and WirelessHART) to adopt it or, at least, some of its features for wireless network access. This paper's primary goal is to provide a clear overview of research and development efforts related to the IEEE 802.15.4 standard in the context of Industrial Application. We explore the historical evolution of the standardization efforts of the IEEE 802.15.4 side-by-side with research efforts, mainly focusing on recent works, that improved this standard and contributed to making it relevant for the Industry 4.0 paradigm. This paper also shines a light on some problems and limitations raised by real world implementations in industrial environments. Finally, we discuss existing challenges in IWSN and important future research directions which can help practicing scientists and engineers in industrial networking in their future work.

The expression of the channels-enzymes TRPM6 and TRPM7 in the human heart remains poorly defined, and TRPM6 is generally considered not to be expressed in cardiomyocytes. We examined their expression at protein and mRNA levels using right atrial samples resected from patients (n = 72) with or without ischemic heart disease (IHD) and samples from all chamber walls of explanted human hearts (n = 9). TRPM6 and TRPM7 proteins were detected using immunofluorescence on isolated cardiomyocytes, ELISA on tissue homogenates, and immunostaining of cardiac tissue, whereas their mRNAs were detected by RT-qPCR. Both TRPM6 and TRPM7 were present in all chamber walls, with TRPM7 being more abundant. TRPM6 was co-expressed with TRPM7. The expression levels were dependent on cell incubation conditions (presence or absence of divalent cations, pH of the extracellular milieu, presence of TRP channel inhibitors 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl-borate and carvacrol). These drugs reduced TRPM7 immunofluorescence but increased that of TRPM6. TRPM6 and TRPM7 expression was increased in tissues from IHD patients. This is the first demonstration of the presence and co-expression of TRPM6 and TRPM7 in cardiomyocytes from all chamber walls of the human heart. The increased TRPM6 and TRPM7 expression in IHD suggests that the chanzymes are involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. ispartof: SCIENTIFIC REPORTS vol:11 issue:1 ispartof: location:England status: published