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1. Lifestyle Score and Risk of Hypertension in the Airwave Health Monitoring Study of British Police Force Employees

Author

Aljuraiban, Ghadeer S, Gibson, Rachel, Chan, Doris SM, Elliott, Paul, Chan, Queenie, Griep, Linda M Oude, Aljuraiban, Ghadeer S [0000-0002-4866-5461], Gibson, Rachel [0000-0002-5823-6468], Elliott, Paul [0000-0002-7511-5684], Chan, Queenie [0000-0001-9278-230X], Griep, Linda M Oude [0000-0001-7697-7473], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
cardiovascular risk, hypertension, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cholesterol, healthy lifestyle, Risk Factors, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, blood pressure, Humans, Life Style, Police
Abstract

Peer reviewed: True, BACKGROUND: Evidence suggest that promoting a combination of healthy lifestyle behaviors instead of exclusively focusing on a single behavior may have a greater impact on blood pressure (BP). We aimed to evaluate lifestyle factors and their impact on the risk of hypertension and BP. METHODS: We analyzed cross-sectional health-screening data from the Airwave Health Monitoring Study of 40,462 British police force staff. A basic lifestyle-score including waist-circumference, smoking and serum total cholesterol was calculated, with a greater value indicating a better lifestyle. Individual/combined scores of other lifestyle factors (sleep duration, physical activity, alcohol intake, and diet quality) were also developed. RESULTS: A 1-point higher basic lifestyle-score was associated with a lower systolic BP (SBP; -2.05 mmHg, 95%CI: -2.15, -1.95); diastolic BP (DBP; -1.98 mmHg, 95%CI: -2.05, -1.91) and was inversely associated with risk of hypertension. Combined scores of other factors showed attenuated but significant associations with the addition of sleep, physical activity, and diet quality to the basic lifestyle-score; however, alcohol intake did not further attenuate results. CONCLUSIONS: Modifiable intermediary factors have a stronger contribution to BP, namely, waist-circumference and cholesterol levels and factors that may directly influence them, such as diet, physical activity and sleep. Observed findings suggest that alcohol is a confounder in the BP-lifestyle score relation.

Published
2023
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2. The Winchcombe meteorite, a unique and pristine witness from the outer solar system

Author

King, Ashley J, Daly, Luke, Rowe, James, Joy, Katherine H, Greenwood, Richard C, Devillepoix, Hadrien AR, Suttle, Martin D, Chan, Queenie HS, Russell, Sara S, Bates, Helena C, Bryson, James FJ, Clay, Patricia L, Vida, Denis, Lee, Martin R, O'Brien, Áine, Hallis, Lydia J, Stephen, Natasha R, Tartèse, Romain, Sansom, Eleanor K, Towner, Martin C, Cupak, Martin, Shober, Patrick M, Bland, Phil A, Findlay, Ross, Franchi, Ian A, Verchovsky, Alexander B, Abernethy, Feargus AJ, Grady, Monica M, Floyd, Cameron J, Van Ginneken, Matthias, Bridges, John, Hicks, Leon J, Jones, Rhian H, Mitchell, Jennifer T, Genge, Matthew J, Jenkins, Laura, Martin, Pierre-Etienne, Sephton, Mark A, Watson, Jonathan S, Salge, Tobias, Shirley, Katherine A, Curtis, Rowan J, Warren, Tristram J, Bowles, Neil E, Stuart, Finlay M, Di Nicola, Luigia, Györe, Domokos, Boyce, Adrian J, Shaw, Kathryn MM, Elliott, Tim, Steele, Robert CJ, Povinec, Pavel, Laubenstein, Matthias, Sanderson, David, Cresswell, Alan, Jull, Anthony JT, Sýkora, Ivan, Sridhar, Sanjana, Harrison, Richard J, Willcocks, Francesca M, Harrison, Catherine S, Hallatt, Daniel, Wozniakiewicz, Penny J, Burchell, Mark J, Alesbrook, Luke S, Dignam, Aishling, Almeida, Natasha V, Smith, Caroline L, Clark, Brett, Humphreys-Williams, Emma R, Schofield, Paul F, Cornwell, Luke T, Spathis, Vassilia, Morgan, Geraint H, Perkins, Mark J, Kacerek, Richard, Campbell-Burns, Peter, Colas, Francois, Zanda, Brigitte, Vernazza, Pierre, Bouley, Sylvain, Jeanne, Simon, Hankey, Mike, Collins, Gareth S, Young, John S, Shaw, Clive, Horak, Jana, Jones, Dave, James, Nick, Bosley, Steve, Shuttleworth, Alan, Dickinson, Paul, McMullan, Ian, Robson, Derek, Smedley, Andrew RD, Stanley, Ben, Bassom, Richard, McIntyre, Mark, Suttle, Adam A, Fleet, Richard, Bastiaens, Luc, Ihász, Míra B, McMullan, Sarah, Boazman, Sarah J, Dickeson, Zach I, Grindrod, Peter M, Pickersgill, Annemarie E, Weir, Colin J, Suttle, Fiona M, Farrelly, Sarah, Spencer, Ieun, Naqvi, Sheeraz, Mayne, Ben, Skilton, Dan, Kirk, Dan, Mounsey, Ann, Mounsey, Sally E, Mounsey, Sarah, Godfrey, Pamela, Bond, Lachlan, Bond, Victoria, Wilcock, Cathryn, Wilcock, Hannah, Wilcock, Rob, King, Ashley J [0000-0001-6113-5417], Daly, Luke [0000-0002-7150-4092], Joy, Katherine H [0000-0003-4992-8750], Greenwood, Richard C [0000-0002-5544-8027], Devillepoix, Hadrien AR [0000-0001-9226-1870], Suttle, Martin D [0000-0001-7165-2215], Chan, Queenie HS [0000-0001-7205-8699], Russell, Sara S [0000-0001-5531-7847], Bates, Helena C [0000-0002-0469-9483], Bryson, James FJ [0000-0002-5675-8545], Vida, Denis [0000-0003-4166-8704], Lee, Martin R [0000-0002-6004-3622], O'Brien, Áine [0000-0002-2591-7902], Hallis, Lydia J [0000-0001-6455-8415], Stephen, Natasha R [0000-0003-3952-922X], Tartèse, Romain [0000-0002-3490-9875], Sansom, Eleanor K [0000-0003-2702-673X], Towner, Martin C [0000-0002-8240-4150], Cupak, Martin [0000-0003-2193-0867], Shober, Patrick M [0000-0003-4766-2098], Bland, Phil A [0000-0002-4681-7898], Findlay, Ross [0000-0001-7794-1819], Franchi, Ian A [0000-0003-4151-0480], Verchovsky, Alexander B [0000-0002-3532-5003], Abernethy, Feargus AJ [0000-0001-7210-3058], Grady, Monica M [0000-0002-4055-533X], Floyd, Cameron J [0000-0001-5986-491X], Van Ginneken, Matthias [0000-0002-2508-7021], Bridges, John [0000-0002-9579-5779], Hicks, Leon J [0000-0002-2464-0948], Jones, Rhian H [0000-0001-8238-9379], Mitchell, Jennifer T [0000-0002-5922-2463], Genge, Matthew J [0000-0002-9528-5971], Jenkins, Laura [0000-0003-0886-8667], Martin, Pierre-Etienne [0000-0003-1848-9695], Sephton, Mark A [0000-0002-2190-5402], Watson, Jonathan S [0000-0003-0354-1729], Salge, Tobias [0000-0002-4414-4917], Shirley, Katherine A [0000-0003-0669-7497], Curtis, Rowan J [0000-0002-9554-3053], Warren, Tristram J [0000-0003-3877-0046], Bowles, Neil E [0000-0001-5400-1461], Stuart, Finlay M [0000-0002-6395-7868], Di Nicola, Luigia [0000-0002-7596-474X], Györe, Domokos [0000-0003-4438-8361], Boyce, Adrian J [0000-0002-9680-0787], Shaw, Kathryn MM [0000-0002-3847-9382], Elliott, Tim [0000-0002-0984-0191], Steele, Robert CJ [0000-0003-1406-6855], Povinec, Pavel [0000-0003-0275-794X], Laubenstein, Matthias [0000-0001-5390-4343], Sanderson, David [0000-0002-9615-4412], Cresswell, Alan [0000-0002-5100-8075], Jull, Anthony JT [0000-0002-4079-4947], Sýkora, Ivan [0000-0003-3447-5621], Sridhar, Sanjana [0000-0003-1179-2093], Harrison, Richard J [0000-0003-3469-762X], Willcocks, Francesca M [0000-0002-3726-0258], Hallatt, Daniel [0000-0002-4426-9891], Wozniakiewicz, Penny J [0000-0002-1441-4883], Burchell, Mark J [0000-0002-2680-8943], Alesbrook, Luke S [0000-0001-9892-281X], Dignam, Aishling [0000-0001-5408-9061], Almeida, Natasha V [0000-0003-4871-8225], Smith, Caroline L [0000-0001-7005-6470], Humphreys-Williams, Emma R [0000-0002-1397-5785], Schofield, Paul F [0000-0003-0902-0588], Cornwell, Luke T [0000-0003-1428-2160], Spathis, Vassilia [0000-0002-5745-4383], Morgan, Geraint H [0000-0002-7580-6880], Campbell-Burns, Peter [0000-0001-8544-728X], Zanda, Brigitte [0000-0002-4210-7151], Vernazza, Pierre [0000-0002-2564-6743], Bouley, Sylvain [0000-0003-0377-5517], Collins, Gareth S [0000-0002-6087-6149], Young, John S [0000-0001-6583-7643], Horak, Jana [0000-0002-0492-2235], Jones, Dave [0000-0002-7215-0521], Bosley, Steve [0000-0002-9478-8518], Dickinson, Paul [0000-0003-0078-0919], McMullan, Ian [0000-0002-5579-8115], Robson, Derek [0000-0001-7807-9853], Smedley, Andrew RD [0000-0001-7137-6628], McIntyre, Mark [0000-0002-5769-4280], Suttle, Adam A [0000-0002-6075-976X], Fleet, Richard [0000-0002-8366-7673], McMullan, Sarah [0000-0002-7194-6317], Boazman, Sarah J [0000-0003-4694-0818], Dickeson, Zach I [0000-0001-9116-2571], Grindrod, Peter M [0000-0002-0934-5131], Pickersgill, Annemarie E [0000-0001-5452-2849], Suttle, Fiona M [0000-0003-1970-0034], Wilcock, Cathryn [0000-0001-7731-2860], Wilcock, Hannah [0000-0002-1043-2267], Wilcock, Rob [0000-0001-8977-7956], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), and University of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciences

Subjects
MCC, QC Physics, Multidisciplinary, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, NDAS, QB Astronomy, 37 Earth Sciences, 3705 Geology, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences, QC, QB
Abstract

Funding: This study was supported by urgency funding from the U.K.’s Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) as part of the project “Curation and Preliminary Examination of the Winchcombe Carbonaceous Chondrite Fall.” Additional work was funded by STFC through grants ST/N000846/1, ST/T002328/1, ST/T506096/1, and ST/W001128/1 (to L.D., M.R.L., and L.J.Ha.); ST/V000675/1 (to K.H.J. and R.H.J.); ST/P005225/1 (to R.T.); ST/S000348/1 (to M.V.G., P.J.W., and M.J.B.); ST/R00143X/1 (to J.B. and L.J.Hi.); ST/S000615/1 (to G.S.C.); ST/V000799/1 (to P.G.); and ST/V000888/1 (to T.E.). A.J.K. and H.C.B. acknowledge funding support from UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) grant MR/T020261/1. P.L.C. acknowledges funding support from UKRI grant MR/S03465X/1. K.H.J. acknowledges funding support from the Royal Society, grant URF\R\201009. L.J.Ha. and M.R.L. acknowledge funding from Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) National Environmental Isotope Facility (NEIF) grant no. 2406.0321. L.D., M.R.L., and L.J.Ha. acknowledge COVID-19 funding support from the University of Glasgow, UK. D.V. was supported in part by NASA cooperative agreement 80NSSC21M0073. P.P. and I.Sy. acknowledge funding from the VEGA agency, project no.1/0421/20. A.J.T.J. acknowledges support from the European Union and the State of Hungary, cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund in the project of GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00009 “ICER.” P.M.S. acknowledges support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 945298. FRIPON was initiated by funding from ANR (grant N.13-BS05-0009-03), carried out by the Paris Observatory, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris-Saclay University, and Institut Pythéas (LAM-CEREGE). FRIPON data are hosted and processed at Institut Pythéas SIP (Service Informatique Pythéas). The Desert Fireball Network team and Global Fireball Observatory are funded by the Australian Research Council (DP200102073). Direct links between carbonaceous chondrites and their parent bodies in the solar system are rare. The Winchcombe meteorite is the most accurately recorded carbonaceous chondrite fall. Its pre-atmospheric orbit and cosmic-ray exposure age confirm that it arrived on Earth shortly after ejection from a primitive asteroid. Recovered only hours after falling, the composition of the Winchcombe meteorite is largely unmodified by the terrestrial environment. It contains abundant hydrated silicates formed during fluid-rock reactions, and carbon- and nitrogen-bearing organic matter including soluble protein amino acids. The near-pristine hydrogen isotopic composition of the Winchcombe meteorite is comparable to the terrestrial hydrosphere, providing further evidence that volatile-rich carbonaceous asteroids played an important role in the origin of Earth's water. Publisher PDF

Published
2022

3. An Uncertainty Aided Framework for Learning based Liver $T_1ρ$ Mapping and Analysis

Author

Huang, Chaoxing, Wong, Vincent Wai Sun, Chan, Queenie, Chu, Winnie Chiu Wing, and Chen, Weitian

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV), FOS: Physical sciences, Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
Abstract

Objective: Quantitative $T_1ρ$ imaging has potential for assessment of biochemical alterations of liver pathologies. Deep learning methods have been employed to accelerate quantitative $T_1ρ$ imaging. To employ artificial intelligence-based quantitative imaging methods in complicated clinical environment, it is valuable to estimate the uncertainty of the predicated $T_1ρ$ values to provide the confidence level of the quantification results. The uncertainty should also be utilized to aid the post-hoc quantitative analysis and model learning tasks. Approach: To address this need, we propose a parametric map refinement approach for learning-based $T_1ρ$ mapping and train the model in a probabilistic way to model the uncertainty. We also propose to utilize the uncertainty map to spatially weight the training of an improved $T_1ρ$ mapping network to further improve the mapping performance and to remove pixels with unreliable $T_1ρ$ values in the region of interest. The framework was tested on a dataset of 51 patients with different liver fibrosis stages. Main results: Our results indicate that the learning-based map refinement method leads to a relative mapping error of less than 3% and provides uncertainty estimation simultaneously. The estimated uncertainty reflects the actual error level, and it can be used to further reduce relative $T_1ρ$ mapping error to 2.60% as well as removing unreliable pixels in the region of interest effectively. Significance: Our studies demonstrate the proposed approach has potential to provide a learning-based quantitative MRI system for trustworthy $T_1ρ$ mapping of the liver.

Published
2023
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4. Uncertainty-weighted Multi-tasking for $T_{1ρ}$ and T$_2$ Mapping in the Liver with Self-supervised Learning

Author

Huang, Chaoxing, Qian, Yurui, Hou, Jian, Jiang, Baiyan, Chan, Queenie, Wong, Vincent WS, Chu, Winnie CW, and Chen, Weitian

Subjects
Image and Video Processing (eess.IV), FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
Abstract

Multi-parametric mapping of MRI relaxations in liver has the potential of revealing pathological information of the liver. A self-supervised learning based multi-parametric mapping method is proposed to map T$T_{1ρ}$ and T$_2$ simultaneously, by utilising the relaxation constraint in the learning process. Data noise of different mapping tasks is utilised to make the model uncertainty-aware, which adaptively weight different mapping tasks during learning. The method was examined on a dataset of 51 patients with non-alcoholic fatter liver disease. Results showed that the proposed method can produce comparable parametric maps to the traditional multi-contrast pixel wise fitting method, with a reduced number of images and less computation time. The uncertainty weighting also improves the model performance. It has the potential of accelerating MRI quantitative imaging.

Published
2023
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5. Re-interpreting a female Chinese Emperor: a post-structural feminist analysis of Wu Zetian

Author

Chan, Queenie

Subjects
Other education not elsewhere classified
Abstract

This thesis has two complementary parts-a written treatise and a graphic novel biography-both of which take a feminist view of Wu Zetian, the only female emperor in Chinese history. Wu is a controversial figure who has failed to fit into the prescribed social roles for women in a patriarchal society, and as such, is viewed with a fascination that extends well into modern times. Widely-known in China but little known internationally, she began life as a commoner, before becoming an Imperial concubine, an Empress, and finally usurping the throne. Due to her flouting of established gender norms, much of her history has been distorted, yet these distortions remain unchallenged in the many popular representations of her in China. Despite the myriad of depictions, nearly all of them adhere to the same 'Evil Dragon Lady' archetype. For that reason, the first part of my research is a post-structural analysis of gender bias in Wu's historiography. This was done via the case study of an existing graphic novel called Wu Zetian: The Mighty Woman Sovereign of China, which was used as a basis to deconstruct the more problematic aspects of popular stories about Wu. Using the insights gleaned from that process, the second half is my own graphic novel biography of Wu's life, intended to be a reconstruction-and therefore a revisionist history-that proposes an alternate version of events. I make no claims to essentialist truth in my graphic novel biography. Instead, it is meant to offer other possibilities for certain incidents, and to sidestep any cultural or political conditions in modern China that make such a variant of Wu's story difficult to produce. A gap exists regarding creative non-fiction depictions of Wu's life that challenge the established narrative, and my research is intended to fill it, while also enlightening Western scholars on this unusual female monarch -- abstract.

Published
2022
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6. Uncertainty-Aware Self-supervised Neural Network for Liver $T_{1ρ}$ Mapping with Relaxation Constraint

Author

Huang, Chaoxing, Qian, Yurui, Yu, Simon Chun Ho, Hou, Jian, Jiang, Baiyan, Chan, Queenie, Wong, Vincent Wai-Sun, Chu, Winnie Chiu-Wing, and Chen, Weitian

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV), FOS: Biological sciences, Image and Video Processing (eess.IV), FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, Medical Physics (physics.med-ph), Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
Abstract

$T_{1ρ}$ mapping is a promising quantitative MRI technique for the non-invasive assessment of tissue properties. Learning-based approaches can map $T_{1ρ}$ from a reduced number of $T_{1ρ}$ weighted images, but requires significant amounts of high quality training data. Moreover, existing methods do not provide the confidence level of the $T_{1ρ}$ estimation. To address these problems, we proposed a self-supervised learning neural network that learns a $T_{1ρ}$ mapping using the relaxation constraint in the learning process. Epistemic uncertainty and aleatoric uncertainty are modelled for the $T_{1ρ}$ quantification network to provide a Bayesian confidence estimation of the $T_{1ρ}$ mapping. The uncertainty estimation can also regularize the model to prevent it from learning imperfect data. We conducted experiments on $T_{1ρ}$ data collected from 52 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The results showed that our method outperformed the existing methods for $T_{1ρ}$ quantification of the liver using as few as two $T_{1ρ}$-weighted images. Our uncertainty estimation provided a feasible way of modelling the confidence of the self-supervised learning based $T_{1ρ}$ estimation, which is consistent with the reality in liver $T_{1ρ}$ imaging., Provisionally accepted by Physics in Medicine and Biology

Published
2022
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7. Associations Among Plant-Based Dietary Indexes, the Dietary Inflammatory Index, and Inflammatory Potential in Female College Students In Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author

Aljuraiban, Ghadeer S, Gibson, Rachel, Al-Freeh, Leenah, Al-Musharaf, Sara, Shivappa, Nitin, Hébert, James R, Oude Griep, Linda M, Chan, Queenie, Oude Griep, Linda [0000-0001-7697-7473], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Inflammation, BMI, C-Reactive Protein, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dietary habits, Inflammation potential, Saudi Arabia, Humans, Female, Students, Dietary Inflammatory Index, Plant-based diet, Diet
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Saudi Arabian diets are transitioning to more Western dietary patterns that have been associated with higher levels of inflammation. Emerging evidence suggests plant-based diets are related to lower levels of inflammation; however, the definition of plant-based diets varies. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify the extent to which an overall Plant-Based Diet Index (PDI), Healthy-PDI (hPDI), and Unhealthy-PDI (uPDI) vs Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index correlate with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at King Saud University. Data on dietary intake, anthropometrics, and hs-CRP were collected. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Female students aged 19 to 35 years (n = 401) were recruited from King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between February and May 2019. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome was hs-CRP level. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Pearson correlation and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to examine the associations between hs-CRP, each PDI, and Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII). RESULTS: E-DII and uPDI scores had a moderate and a small positive correlation with hs-CRP levels (r = 0.46 and 0.22, respectively), whereas PDI and hPDI scores had a small and a moderate inverse correlation with hs-CRP levels (r = -0.13 and -0.31, respectively). A 1-standard deviation higher E-DII score was directly associated with a 1.05 mg/L higher hs-CRP level (95% confidence interval 0.72 to 1.38; P < 0.0001) after adjusting for body mass index. Overall PDI score was not associated with hs-CRP levels. A 6-point higher hPDI and uPDI score were associated with a 0.13 mg/L lower hs-CRP (95% confidence interval -0.08 to -0.28) and a 0.15 mg/L higher hs-CRP (95% confidence interval 0.03 to 0.31), respectively, after adjusting for lifestyle and dietary factors; however, results attenuated and were no longer statistically significant after body mass index adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: Although all indexes had a small or moderate correlation with hs-CRP, only E-DII score was positively associated with hs-CRP level. Future research can examine PDI-based interventions for lowering inflammation.

Published
2021
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8. Association between plant-based diets and blood pressure in the INTERMAP study

Author

Aljuraiban, Ghadeer, Chan, Queenie, Gibson, Rachel, Stamler, Jeremiah, Daviglus, Martha L, Dyer, Alan R, Miura, Katsuyuki, Wu, Yangfeng, Ueshima, Hirotsugu, Zhao, Liancheng, Van Horn, Linda, Elliott, Paul, Oude Griep, Linda M, INTERMAP Research Group, Aljuraiban, Ghadeer [0000-0002-4866-5461], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
dietary patterns, food and beverages, blood pressure lowering
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Plant-based diets are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases; however, little is known how the healthiness of the diet may be associated with blood pressure (BP). We aimed to modify three plant -based diet indices: overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthy PDI (hPDI), and unhealthy PDI (uPDI) according to country-specific dietary guidelines to enable use across populations with diverse dietary patterns - and assessed their associations with BP. DESIGN: We used cross-sectional data including 4,680 men and women ages 40-59y in Japan, China, the United Kingdom, and the United States from the INTERnational study on MAcro/micronutrients and blood Pressure (INTERMAP). During four visits, eight BP measurements, and four 24-h dietary recalls were collected. Multivariable regression coefficients were estimated, pooled, weighted, and adjusted extensively for lifestyle/dietary confounders. RESULTS: Modified PDI was not associated with BP. Consumption of hPDI higher by 1SD was inversely associated with systolic (-0.82 mm Hg;95% CI:-1.32,-0.49) and diastolic BP (-0.49 mm Hg; 95% CI:-0.91, -0.28). In contrast, consumption of an uPDI was directly associated with systolic (0.77 mm Hg;95% CI:0.30,1.20). Significant associations between hPDI with BP were attenuated with separate adjustment for vegetables and whole grains; associations between uPDI and BP were attenuated after adjustment for refined grains, sugar-sweetened beverages, and meat. CONCLUSION: An hPDI is associated with lower BP while a uPDI is adversely related to BP. Plant-based diets rich in vegetables and whole grains and limited in refined grains, sugar-sweetened beverages, and total meat may contribute to these associations. In addition to current guidelines, the nutritional quality of consumed plant foods is as important as limiting animal-based components. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: The observational INTERMAP study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00005271.

Published
2020
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10. Heating experiments of the Tagish Lake meteorite: Investigation of the effects of short-term heating on chondritic organics

Author

Chan, Queenie HS, Nakato, Aiko, Kebukawa, Yoko, Zolensky, Michael E, Nakamura, Tomoki, Maisano, Jessica A, Colbert, Matthew W, Martinez, James E, Kilcoyne, AL David, Suga, Hiroki, Takahashi, Yoshio, Takeichi, Yasuo, Mase, Kazuhiko, and Wright, Ian P

Subjects
Geochemistry & Geophysics, Geochemistry, Underpinning research, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Geology, Astronomical And Space Sciences
Abstract

© 2018 The Authors. Meteoritics & Planetary Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Meteoritical Society (MET). We present in this study the effects of short-term heating on organics in the Tagish Lake meteorite and how the difference in the heating conditions can modify the organic matter (OM) in a way that complicates the interpretation of a parent body's heating extent with common cosmothermometers. The kinetics of short-term heating and its influence on the organic structure are not well understood, and any study of OM is further complicated by the complex alteration processes of the thermally metamorphosed carbonaceous chondrites—potential analogues of the target asteroid Ryugu of the Hayabusa2 mission—which had experienced posthydration, short-duration local heating. In an attempt to understand the effects of short-term heating on chondritic OM, we investigated the change in the OM contents of the experimentally heated Tagish Lake meteorite samples using Raman spectroscopy, scanning transmission X-ray microscopy utilizing X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy, and ultraperformance liquid chromatography fluorescence detection and quadrupole time of flight hybrid mass spectrometry. Our experiment suggests that graphitization of OM did not take place despite the samples being heated to 900 °C for 96 h, as the OM maturity trend was influenced by the heating conditions, kinetics, and the nature of the OM precursor, such as the presence of abundant oxygenated moieties. Although both the intensity of the 1s−σ* exciton cannot be used to accurately interpret the peak metamorphic temperature of the experimentally heated Tagish Lake sample, the Raman graphite band widths of the heated products significantly differ from that of chondritic OM modified by long-term internal heating.

Published
2019

11. Cantonese jihgei: Subject-object asymmetry and non-subject antecedent potential

Author

Chan, Queenie Kwai Ying

Abstract

Subject orientation is generally viewed to be a cross-linguistic core property of long distance anaphors (LDAs). This property has an important bearing on theories of Chinese LDA which predict only subject antecedents. However, the claim that LDAs are strictly subject-oriented has been discredited in at least Korean, where recent experimental studies have demonstrated that Korean caki can potentially take an object as antecedent. The current study explores the non-subject antecedent potential of the Cantonese LDA, which has not been experimentally studied in the Chinese literature. Two experiments involving forced-choice tasks were conducted to investigate if jihgei could potentially take a non-subject antecedent. It was found that jihgei indeed has non-subject antecedent potential in certain syntactic and logophoric environments, thus greatly weakening syntactic approaches that cannot predict non-subject antecedent potential. It was also found that some amount of competing subject preference remained in cases where a non-subject antecedent was possible. The study concluded that jihgei's subject preference is not categorical, but is modulated by logophoric factors.

Published
2017

12. Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Amino acid compositions in heated carbonaceous chondrites and their compound-specific nitrogen isotopic ratios

Author

Chan, Queenie, Chikaraishi, Yoshito, Takano, Yoshinori, Ogawa, Nanako, and Ohkouchi, Naohiko

Abstract

GC/C/IRMS chromatogram of the 12Â M HCl-hydrolyzed hot-water extracts of the Piv/iPr amino acid esters in Y-980115. The subgraph (a) shows the magnified region with the alanine and glycine peaks. The single-ion traces GC/MS chromatograms of (b) Y-980115 and (c) amino acid standard mixture of the same region as shown in (a) indicate that no coeluting compounds were present that could have interfered the IRMS analysis of Y-980115 and that only alanine and glycine are the main nitrogen-bearing compounds in the region.

Published
2016
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13. A nutrient-wide association study on blood pressure

Author

Tzoulaki, Ioanna, Patel, Chirag J, Okamura, Tomonori, Chan, Queenie, Brown, Ian J, Miura, Katsuyuki, Ueshima, Hirotsugu, Zhao, Liancheng, Van Horn, Linda, Daviglus, Martha L, Stamler, Jeremiah, Butte, Atul J, Ioannidis, John PA, and Elliott, Paul

Subjects
Adult, Male, Alcohol Drinking, Clinical Sciences, Dietary, Nutritional Status, Blood Pressure, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Cardiovascular, Cohort Studies, Humans, nutrition assessment, Micronutrients, Nutrition, Prevention, Sodium, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Vitamin B Complex, Potassium, Public Health and Health Services, Female, epidemiology, Energy Intake, diet, Biomarkers
Abstract

BackgroundA nutrient-wide approach may be useful to comprehensively test and validate associations between nutrients (derived from foods and supplements) and blood pressure (BP) in an unbiased manner.Methods and resultsData from 4680 participants aged 40 to 59 years in the cross-sectional International Study of Macro/Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP) were stratified randomly into training and testing sets. US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) four cross-sectional cohorts (1999-2000, 2001-2002, 2003-2004, 2005-2006) were used for external validation. We performed multiple linear regression analyses associating each of 82 nutrients and 3 urine electrolytes with systolic and diastolic BP in the INTERMAP training set. Significant findings were validated in the INTERMAP testing set and further in the NHANES cohorts (false discovery rate

Published
2012

16. Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

Author

NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), Iurilli, Maria LC, Zhou, Bin, Bennett, James E, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M, Sophiea, Marisa K, Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea, Bixby, Honor, Solomon, Bethlehem D, Taddei, Cristina, Danaei, Goodarz, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Stevens, Gretchen A, Riley, Leanne M, Savin, Stefan, Cowan, Melanie J, Bovet, Pascal, Damasceno, Albertino, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Hayes, Alison J, Ikeda, Nayu, Jackson, Rod T, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Liu, Jing, Miranda, J Jaime, Saidi, Olfa, Sebert, Sylvain, Sorić, Maroje, Starc, Gregor, Gregg, Edward W, Abarca-Gómez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A, Abdrakhmanova, Shynar, Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul, Rahim, Hanan F Abdul, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M, Garba, Jamila Abubakar, Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Afzal, Shoaib, Agdeppa, Imelda A, Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A, Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Naser, Ahmed, Soheir H, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Aitmurzaeva, Gulmira, Ajlouni, Kamel, Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M, Al-Lahou, Badreya, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alarouj, Monira, AlBuhairan, Fadia, AlDhukair, Shahla, Ali, Mohamed M, Alkandari, Abdullah, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Allin, Kristine, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N, Amiri, Parisa, Amougou, Norbert, Amouyel, Philippe, Bo Andersen, Lars, Anderssen, Sigmund A, Ängquist, Lars, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araújo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arku, Raphael E, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna K, Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K, Assunção, Maria Cecília F, Aung, May Soe, Auvinen, Juha, Avdicová, Mária, Avi, Shina, Azevedo, Ana, Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen, Azizi, Fereidoun, Azmin, Mehrdad, Babu, Bontha V, Jørgensen, Maja Bæksgaard, Baharudin, Azli, Bahijri, Suhad, Baker, Jennifer L, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, José R, Baran, Joanna, Barbagallo, Carlo M, 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Francesco, Papandreou, Dimitrios, Park, Soon-Woo, Park, Suyeon, Parnell, Winsome R, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Pascanu, Ionela M, Pasquet, Patrick, Patel, Nikhil D, Pecin, Ivan, Pednekar, Mangesh S, Peer, Nasheeta, Pei, Gao, Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C, Peres, Marco A, Pérez-Farinós, Napoleón, Pérez, Cynthia M, Peterkova, Valentina, Peters, Annette, Petersmann, Astrid, Petkeviciene, Janina, Petrauskiene, Ausra, Pettenuzzo, Emanuela, Peykari, Niloofar, Pham, Son Thai, Pichardo, Rafael N, Pierannunzio, Daniela, Pigeot, Iris, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pistelli, Francesco, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Pizarro, Andreia N, Plans-Rubió, Pedro, Poh, Bee Koon, Pohlabeln, Hermann, Pop, Raluca M, Popovic, Stevo R, Porta, Miquel, Posch, Georg, Poudyal, Anil, Poulimeneas, Dimitrios, Pouraram, Hamed, Pourfarzi, Farhad, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Price, Alison J, Price, Jacqueline F, Providencia, Rui, Puder, Jardena J, Pudule, Iveta, Puhakka, Soile E, Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margus, Qasrawi, Radwan F, Qorbani, Mostafa, Bao, Tran Quoc, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahimikazerooni, Salar, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mahmudur, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rakhimova, Ellina, Rakhmatulloev, Sherali, Rakovac, Ivo, Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramke, Jacqueline, Ramos, Elisabete, Ramos, Rafel, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Rarra, Vayia, Rascon-Pacheco, Ramon A, Rasmussen, Mette, Rech, Cassiano Ricardo, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M, Regecová, Valéria, Revilla, Luis, Rezaianzadeh, Abbas, Ribas-Barba, Lourdes, Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Richter, Adrian, Rigo, Fernando, Rinaldo, Natascia, De Wit, Tobias F Rinke, Rito, Ana, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M, Rivera, Juan A, Robitaille, Cynthia, Roccaldo, Romana, Rodrigues, Daniela, Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, María, Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A, Roggenbuck, Ulla, Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa, Romaguera, Dora, Romeo, Elisabetta L, Rosario, Rafaela V, Rosengren, Annika, Rouse, Ian, Roy, Joel GR, Rubinstein, Adolfo, Rühli, Frank J, Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard, Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra, Ruiz-Castell, Maria, Moreno, Emma Ruiz, Rusakova, Iuliia A, Jonsson, Kenisha Russell, Russo, Paola, Rust, Petra, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sacchini, Elena, Sachdev, Harshpal S, Sadjadi, Alireza, Safarpour, Ali Reza, Safiri, Saeid, Saki, Nader, Salanave, Benoit, Martinez, Eduardo Salazar, Salmerón, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T, Salvetti, Massimo, Samoutian, Margarita, Sánchez-Abanto, Jose, Sandjaja, Sans, Susana, Marina, Loreto Santa, Santos, Diana A, Santos, Ina S, Santos, Lèlita C, Santos, Maria Paula, Santos, Osvaldo, Santos, Rute, Sanz, Sara Santos, Saramies, Jouko L, Sardinha, Luis B, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas, Savy, Mathilde, Sawada, Norie, Sbaraini, Mariana, Scazufca, Marcia, Schaan, Beatriz D, Rosario, Angelika Schaffrath, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schienkiewitz, Anja, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O, Schmidt, Ida Maria, Schnohr, Peter, Schöttker, Ben, Schramm, Sara, Schramm, Stine, Schröder, Helmut, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E, Sein, Aye Aye, Selamat, Rusidah, Sember, Vedrana, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Sequera, Victor, Serra-Majem, Luis, Servais, Jennifer, Ševcíková, Ludmila, Shalnova, Svetlana A, Shamah-Levy, Teresa, Shamshirgaran, Morteza, Shanthirani, Coimbatore Subramaniam, Sharafkhah, Maryam, Sharma, Sanjib K, Shaw, Jonathan E, Shayanrad, Amaneh, Shayesteh, Ali Akbar, Shengelia, Lela, Shi, Zumin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana, Shin, Dong Wook, Shirani, Majid, Shiri, Rahman, Shrestha, Namuna, Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siani, Alfonso, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M, Silva, Antonio M, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A, Sjöberg, Agneta, Sjöström, Michael, Skodje, Gry, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, So, Hung-Kwan, Soares, Fernanda Cunha, Sobek, Grzegorz, Sobngwi, Eugène, Sodemann, Morten, Söderberg, Stefan, Soekatri, Moesijanti YE, Soemantri, Agustinus, Sofat, Reecha, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Somi, Mohammad Hossein, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Sørgjerd, Elin P, Jérome, Charles Sossa, Soto-Rojas, Victoria E, Soumaré, Aïcha, Sovic, Slavica, Sparboe-Nilsen, Bente, Sparrenberger, Karen, Spinelli, Angela, Spiroski, Igor, Staessen, Jan A, Stamm, Hanspeter, Stathopoulou, Maria G, Staub, Kaspar, Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D, Stergiou, George S, Stessman, Jochanan, Stevanovic, Ranko, Stieber, Jutta, Stöckl, Doris, Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stoyanova, Ekaterina, Stratton, Gareth, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sturua, Lela, Suárez-Medina, Ramón, Suka, Machi, Sun, Chien-An, Sundström, Johan, Sung, Yn-Tz, Sunyer, Jordi, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Swinburn, Boyd A, Sy, Rody G, Syddall, Holly E, Sylva, René Charles, Szklo, Moyses, Szponar, Lucjan, Tai, E Shyong, Tammesoo, Mari-Liis, Tamosiunas, Abdonas, Tan, Eng Joo, Tang, Xun, Tanrygulyyeva, Maya, Tanser, Frank, Tao, Yong, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarp, Jakob, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B, Braunerová, Radka Taxová, Taylor, Anne, Taylor, Julie, Tchibindat, Félicité, Tebar, William R, Tell, Grethe S, Tello, Tania, Tham, Yih Chung, Thankappan, KR, Theobald, Holger, Theodoridis, Xenophon, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thomas, Nihal, Thuesen, Betina H, Tichá, Lubica, Timmermans, Erik J, Tjonneland, Anne, Tolonen, Hanna K, Tolstrup, Janne S, Topbas, Murat, Topór-Madry, Roman, Torheim, Liv Elin, Tormo, María José, Tornaritis, Michael J, Torrent, Maties, Torres-Collado, Laura, Toselli, Stefania, Touloumi, Giota, Traissac, Pierre, Tran, Thi Tuyet-Hanh, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh TH, Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tsigga, Maria, Tsugane, Shoichiro, Tuliakova, Azaliia M, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K, Tullu, Fikru, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L, Twig, Gilad, Tynelius, Per, Tzotzas, Themistoklis, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice, Ukoli, Flora AM, Ulmer, Hanno, Unal, Belgin, Usupova, Zhamyila, Uusitalo, Hannu MT, Uysal, Nalan, Vaitkeviciute, Justina, Valdivia, Gonzalo, Vale, Susana, Valvi, Damaskini, Van Dam, Rob M, Van Der Heyden, Johan, Van Der Schouw, Yvonne T, Van Herck, Koen, Van Minh, Hoang, Van Schoor, Natasja M, Van Valkengoed, Irene GM, Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Varbo, Anette, Varela-Moreiras, Gregorio, Varona-Pérez, Patricia, Vasan, Senthil K, Vega, Tomas, Veidebaum, Toomas, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Velika, Biruta, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verschuren, WM Monique, Victora, Cesar G, Viegi, Giovanni, Viet, Lucie, Villalpando, Salvador, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesus, Virtanen, Jyrki K, Visser, Marjolein, Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vladulescu, Mihaela, Vlasoff, Tiina, Vocanec, Dorja, Vollenweider, Peter, Völzke, Henry, Voutilainen, Ari, Voutilainen, Sari, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja GM, Wade, Alisha N, Wagner, Aline, Waldhör, Thomas, Walton, Janette, Wambiya, Elvis OA, Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan, Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan, De Souza Wanderley Júnior, Rildo, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Ningli, Wang, Qian, Wang, Xiangjun, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Weber, Adelheid, Wedderkopp, Niels, Weerasekera, Deepa, Weghuber, Daniel, Wei, Wenbin, Weres, Aneta, Werner, Bo, Whincup, Peter H, Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S, Wiecek, Andrzej, Wilks, Rainford J, Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Julianne, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A, Wong, Andrew, Wong, Jyh Eiin, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Woodward, Mark, Wu, Frederick C, Wu, Jianfeng, Wu, Li Juan, Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Xu, Liang, Yaacob, Nor Azwany, Yamborisut, Uruwan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Ling, Yang, Xiaoguang, Yang, Yang, Yardim, Nazan, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yasuharu, Tabara, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K, Yoosefi, Moein, Yoshihara, Akihiro, You, Qi Sheng, You, San-Lin, Younger-Coleman, Novie O, Md Yusof, Safiah, Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zaccagni, Luciana, Zafiropulos, Vassilis, Zainuddin, Ahmad A, Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul, Zamani, Farhad, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antonis, Zamrazilová, Hana, Zapata, Maria Elisa, Zargar, Abdul Hamid, Ko Zaw, Ko, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zejglicova, Kristyna, Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic, Zeng, Yi, Zhang, Luxia, Zhang, Zhen-Yu, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Ming-Hui, Zhao, Wenhua, Zhen, Shiqi, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zholdin, Bekbolat, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Dan, Zins, Marie, Zitt, Emanuel, Zocalo, Yanina, Cisneros, Julio Zuñiga, Zuziak, Monika, Ezzati, Majid, and Filippi, Sarah

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, obesity, BMI, Epidemiology and Global Health, underweight, None, 1. No poverty, 3. Good health, Research Article
Abstract

Funder: Wellcome Trust; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100004440, Funder: Medical Research Council; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000265, From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.

17. Performance and transferability of land use regression models for ultrafine particles in London, UK

Author

Yang, Zhenchun, Freni Sterrantino, Anna, Fuller, Gary, Gulliver, John, Chan, Queenie, de Hoogh, Kees, and China Scholarship Council

Abstract

Over the past twenty years, a novel air pollutant -Ultrafine Particles (UFP), has attracted attention from scientific researches. UFP are particulate matters with a diameter of less than 100 nm. Currently, there is inadequate evidence to make a conclusion of the independent health impacts of UFP due to a lack of exposure data as UFP are not regulated or routinely monitored. Land Use Regression (LUR) models have been increasingly used to predict intra-city variations of UFP concentrations. This thesis aims to build LUR models for UFP in urban areas in London and to evaluate the performance of different combinations of models and test their transferability within the city and to the city of Norwich in the UK. Three areas were selected at the neighbourhood level in London. A purposely designed short-term monitoring campaign was conducted to collect concentration data of UFP in these areas from 2016 to 2018. A series of models were developed for each individual and combined areas by using 100% of the site or 90% of the sites following a traditional approach (unrestricted approach). The issue of overfitting was addressed by using a limited number of variables (parsimonious approach). All developed models were transferred between the areas within London and to the city of Norwich to test transferability of models. Results from this study suggest that the concentration of UFP in the West area of London was strongly affected by Heathrow Airport. In general, transferring the models from one area to another area or another city resulted in poor model performance, and transferring between areas within London performed better than transferring models to Norwich. Within the city of London, the models with a limited number of variables when transferred to other areas may perform better than the models where the number of variables was unrestricted. Calibration had more effects on external validation R2 when transferring to another city than transferring between areas within London, particularly when the number of variables was unrestricted. To conclude, model transferability must be undertaken with caution. An improved strategy for future research on the development of UFP LUR models in megacities may be to develop models using a dense network of sites in selected neighbourhoods. Open Access

Published
2020
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18. Nutrient profiling and nutritional genomic influence on metabolic risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: The Airwave Health Monitoring Study

Author

Eriksen, Rebeca, Frost, Gary, Elliott, Paul, and Chan, Queenie

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, driven by various metabolic risk factors and diabetes. Diet is a key modifiable component in the development of these risk factors. This study aimed to investigate cardio-metabolic risk factors associated with diet. Secondly, dietary interaction with genetic risk of diabetes. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 5,864 participants’ baseline data from the Airwave Health Monitoring Study. Participants completed a 7-day food diary and a health screening including blood sample, blood pressure and anthropometrics. Diet quality was assessed according to UK Dietary Reference Values (DRV) using the novel DRV index and the established UK nutrient profile model. The nutritional genomic association with diabetes and HbA1c% was studied using a polygenetic risk score (GRS). Results: A higher DRV score was associated with a lower waist circumference ( -0.56 p16g/day) modified the genetic effect on HbA1c ( 1.22, p=0.002). Obesity (BMI >30kg/m2) increased the effect on HbA1c by =1.90 pinteraction =0.0006. Conclusion: Individuals consuming a high quality diet (high in complex carbohydrates, fibre, fruit and vegetables and wholegrain) aligned with the UK guidelines were associated with fewer metabolic risk factors for CVD and diabetes. A high quality diet also reduced the genetic effect on HbA1c and diabetes in high-risk individuals. These findings support the importance of encouraging a healthy diet, along with moderate alcohol consumption, as part of public health advice for a lower risk of CVD and diabetes, especially in high genetic risk groups.

Published
2017
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19. Diet and blood pressure: The INTERMAP and INTERMAP China Prospective Studies

Author

Yan, Li, Elliott, Paul, Chan, Queenie, Tzoulaki, Ioanna, National Institutes of Health, Wellcome Trust (London, England), National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Lee Family Foundation

Abstract

Dietary factors are important modifiable risk factors for adverse blood pressure (BP). Previous literature on relationships of dietary glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) to BP were not consistent and research was limited in East Asian populations. The International Collaborative Study of Macro-/Micro-nutrients and BP (INTERMAP) is a cross-sectional epidemiological study to investigate the role of multiple dietary factors in the aetiology of unfavourable BP levels, including 7 population samples from China and Japan. Eight BP, four anthropometric measures, four 24-hour dietary recalls, and two 24-hour urine samples were collected in four visits. GI values of food codes were assigned using existing national and international database of GI values following developed algorithm, and the relationships of dietary GI/GL to BP were explored. The INTERMAP China Prospective (ICP) Study is the follow-up of three INTERMAP Chinese populations with extensive data collection aiming to investigate the dietary exposure and its relation to BP changes. A BP calibration study was conducted and calibration equations were generated to make BP data comparable with different devices between the baseline and the follow-up. Findings showed that dietary GI and GL were not directly associated with BP in Chinese and Japanese populations. Among the baseline participants in the ICP Study, higher intake of dietary total protein and glutamic acid at baseline tended to be associated with smaller BP increase; higher intake of vegetable protein and glutamic acid at baseline tended to be associated with lower risk of incident hypertension (HTN). Results suggested protein intake, especially glutamic acid (the predominant dietary amino acid, especially in vegetable protein), may be associated with less BP increase with age and lower risk of incident HTN in long-term, and this may have implications for nutritional approaches to control high BP levels and slow down BP increase with age in populations. Open Access

Published
2016
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20. Functional and cosmetic outcome of full- versus split-thickness skin grafts in pediatric palmar surface burns: a prospective, independent evaluation

Author

Federica Barzi, John G. Harvey, Queenie E. Chan, Andrew J. A. Holland, Chan, Queenie E, Barzi, Federica, Harvey, John G, and Holland, Andrew JA

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Hirsutism, Contracture, skin transplantation, Australian Capital Territory, Esthetics, medicine.medical_treatment, contracture, recovery of function, surgery, sensation disorders, burns, Vascularity, Postoperative Complications, esthetics, medicine, postoperative complications, Humans, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Muscle contracture, hirsutism, Pliability, hand injuries, business.industry, Rehabilitation, Hand Injuries, Infant, Recovery of Function, Skin Transplantation, Surgery, Transplantation, Treatment Outcome, Child, Preschool, Sensation Disorders, Emergency Medicine, Skin grafting, epidemiology, Female, medicine.symptom, New South Wales, business, Palm, Burns, Biomedical engineering
Abstract

Palmar hand burns continue to be a common injury in the pediatric population, with long-term implications for function, hand rehabilitation, and psychosocial well-being in a growing child. Debate over the choice of full-thickness skin grafts (FTSG) and split skin grafts (SSG) for optimal subsequent functional and cosmetic outcomes continues. This study prospectively evaluated children who required skin grafting of palmar burns at our institution between January 2008 and December 2009. A clinical assessment of the grafted area and donor site using the Vancouver Scar Scale, together with assessment of sensation,hair growth, and the development of contracture was performed by an independent clinician. Thirty-four (16%) of 214 palm burns that presented to our institution during this period required grafting, of which 26 (77%) agreed to participate in this study. At a mean 13.5 months post surgery, pliability was significantly enhanced in FTSG compared with SSG (P < .001). Although not statistically significant, vascularity and height of SSGs were preferred. There was no difference in sensation between the two types of graft or donor site outcomes, although hair growth was significantly (P = .002) more prominent in FTSG. There were an equal number of contractures in the two groups, with grafts of either type that extended from the palm onto the volar aspect of digits more commonly affected.These data suggest an improved outcome in children with deep palm burns after FTSG, although with the exception of scar pliability these differences were small. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Published
2012

21. Drinking water salinity and the risk of (pre)eclampsia and gestational hypertension in coastal Bangladesh: impacts of climate change

Author

Khan, Aneire, Vineis, Paolo, Chan, Queenie, and Grantham Institute for Climate Change

Abstract

Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are among the leading causes of death and disabilities in women of child-bearing age in low-income countries. Despite the high burden, the pathophysiology and aetiology of these disorders are poorly understood, making effective prevention difficult. Excessive dietary salt intake is an established risk factor for hypertension, but much less is known about the health effects of water salinity. This epidemiological study investigated the relationship between high salinity in drinking water and the risk of (pre)eclampsia and gestational hypertension among pregnant women in a rural coastal community in Dacope, Bangladesh, where both surface- and groundwater have been affected by severe salinity, exacerbated by the effects of sea-level rise and climate change. The population-based case-control study accrued 202 cases of (pre)eclampsia and gestational hypertension and 1,006 controls. The study showed that women in Dacope were exposed to exceptionally high levels of sodium in their drinking water, and found a significant association with the risk of (pre)eclampsia and gestational hypertension. The risks increased in a dose-response manner for increasing quartiles of sodium concentrations in drinking water (ORs 3.36 [95% CI 2.07 – 5.60], 4.35 [2.61 - 6.94] and 5.40 [3.28 – 8.92]), (p-trend

Published
2012

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