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Background/Aims: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of fetal thymus transverse diameter (FTTD) in predicting fetal infection in preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and compare its accuracy with cord blood tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Methods: Forty consecutive pregnancies complicated with PPROM between 261/7 and 366/7 gestational weeks were evaluated prospectively. Serial fetal ultrasonography follow-ups with 3-day intervals were performed beginning on the admission day. The FTTD was recorded on every ultrasonographic examination. Cord blood TNF-α and IL-6 values were measured after delivery. Results: FTTD was decreased below 5% according to nomograms compared to the initial measurement in 45% of all PPROM cases. Decreased FTTD had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 73%, positive predictive value of 55%, and negative predictive value of 100% in predicting early neonatal sepsis. Cord blood TNF-α had a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 90%, whereas IL-6 had a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 63.3% in predicting early neonatal sepsis. Conclusions: Assessment of the decrease in FTTD by serial ultrasonographic examinations is a promising ‘prenatal' method for the early detection of early neonatal sepsis.

Apanteles (Apanteles) carpatus (SAY 1836) M a t e r i a l: Mazandaran province: Kiakola (1), October 2003. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Bermuda, Brazil, Canada, China, Croatia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Fiji, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Grenada, Hungary, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Malaysia, Moldova, Mongolia, Mozambique, New Zealand, Peru, Poland, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Tanzania, Turkey, Turkmenistan, U.S.A., United Kingdom, Vietnam., Published as part of Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Cetin, O., Beyarslan, A. & Ostovan, H., 2010, A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran, pp. 621-634 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 42 (1) on page 627, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5332807

Agathis lugubris (FOERSTER 1862) M a t e r i a l: Golestan province: Salikandeh (2), September 2004. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Germany, Ireland, England, Switzerland, Poland, France, Netherlands, Norway, Turkey., Published as part of Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Cetin, O., Beyarslan, A. & Ostovan, H., 2010, A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran, pp. 621-634 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 42 (1) on page 623, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5332807

Cotesia zygaenarum (MARSHALL 1885) M a t e r i a l: Mazandaran province: Amol (1, 1), October 2006. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, China, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Korea, Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia., Published as part of Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Cetin, O., Beyarslan, A. & Ostovan, H., 2010, A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran, pp. 621-634 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 42 (1) on page 628, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5332807

Dinocampus coccinellae (SCHRANK 1802) M a t e r i a l: Mazandaran province: Sari (1), June 2006. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Canary Islands, Chile, China, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, Fiji, Finland, France, Germany, Greenland, Hungary, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Madeira Islands, Moldova, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, U.S.A., United Kingdom, Uruguay, Vietnam, former Yugoslavia., Published as part of Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Cetin, O., Beyarslan, A. & Ostovan, H., 2010, A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran, pp. 621-634 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 42 (1) on page 627, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5332807

Agathis melpomene NIXON 1986 M a t e r i a l: Mazandaran province: Ramsar (1), June 2007. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Andorra, Austria, Italy, Mongolia, Poland, Bulgaria, Hungary, Turkey., Published as part of Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Cetin, O., Beyarslan, A. & Ostovan, H., 2010, A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran, pp. 621-634 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 42 (1) on page 623, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5332807

Trioxys (Trioxys) pallidus (HALIDAY 1833) M a t e r i a l: Golestan province: Salikandeh (1), September 2004. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Andorra, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Tajikistan, Turkey, U.S.A., United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia., Published as part of Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Cetin, O., Beyarslan, A. & Ostovan, H., 2010, A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran, pp. 621-634 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 42 (1) on page 625, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5332807

Agathis umbellatarum NEES VON ESENBECK 1814 M a t e r i a l: Guilan province: Chaboksar (1), September 2006. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Germany, Austria, Balearic Islands, Dalmatia, France, Caucasia, Hungary, Middle Asia, Spain, Portugal, Russia, Sicily, Azerbaijan, Uzbekhistan, Tajikistan, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Turkey, Yugoslavia, Kazakhstan, North Africa. R e m a r k 1 from Austria, Piesting, Lower Austria, leg. Tschek. Probably mentioned for Austria for the first time., Published as part of Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Cetin, O., Beyarslan, A. & Ostovan, H., 2010, A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran, pp. 621-634 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 42 (1) on page 623, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5332807

Bracon (Rostrobracon) urinator (FABRICIUS 1798) Material: Mazandaran province: Amol (2), October 2006. General Distribution: Austria, Albania, Belgium, Caucasus, China, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Siberia, Spain, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey. R e m a r k: There are examples from Austria and Tunisia in the collection of the Natural History Museum Vienna. These two countries are probably new to the list of distribution., Published as part of Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Cetin, O., Beyarslan, A. & Ostovan, H., 2010, A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran, pp. 621-634 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 42 (1) on page 626, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5332807

Bracon (Bracon) pectoralis WESMAEL 1838 M a t e r i a l: Golestan province: Kordkoy, Nokandeh (2, 1), September 2004. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Albania, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Caucasia, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Russia, Spain, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Yugoslavia., Published as part of Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Cetin, O., Beyarslan, A. & Ostovan, H., 2010, A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran, pp. 621-634 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 42 (1) on page 626, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5332807

Aphidius matricariae HALIDAY 1834 M a t e r i a l: Golestan province: Gorgan (4, 2), August 2004. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Algeria, Andorra, Bermuda, Bulgaria, Canada, Canary Islands, Chile, China, Cyprus, former Czechoslovakia, Egypt, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guam, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Macedonia, Madeira Islands, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, Portugal, R��union, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Turkey, U.S.A., Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe., Published as part of Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Cetin, O., Beyarslan, A. & Ostovan, H., 2010, A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran, pp. 621-634 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 42 (1) on page 625, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5332807

Diaeretiella rapae (M'INTOSH 1855) M a t e r i a l: Mazandaran province: Savadkooh (4, 1), September 2003. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Afghanistan, Algeria, Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Azores, Bermuda, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Canary Islands, Cape Verde Islands, Chile, China, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, former Czechoslovakia, Egypt, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guam, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Libya, Macedonia, Madeira Islands, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, former Yugoslavia., Published as part of Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Cetin, O., Beyarslan, A. & Ostovan, H., 2010, A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran, pp. 621-634 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 42 (1) on page 625, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5332807

Bassus tumidulus (NEES von ESENBECK 1814) M a t e r i a l: Mazandaran province: Ramsar (1), June 2007. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Austria, Belgium, England, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Siberia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Yugoslavia. R e m a r k: There are two from Austria (Burgenland = Eastern Austria, and Tyrol) in the collection of the Natural History Vienna. Probably reported from Austria for the first time., Published as part of Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Cetin, O., Beyarslan, A. & Ostovan, H., 2010, A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran, pp. 621-634 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 42 (1) on pages 623-624, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5332807

Chelonus microsomus TOBIAS 1964 M a t e r i a l: Mazandaran province: Babol (1), April 2003. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Kazakhstan, Turkey., Published as part of Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Cetin, O., Beyarslan, A. & Ostovan, H., 2010, A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran, pp. 621-634 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 42 (1) on page 626, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5332807

Bracon (Bracon) fulvipes NEES 1834 M a t e r i a l: Mazandaran province: Sari, Neka (5), June 2006. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: One of the most common Bracon species in the Palearctic Region, Austria, Belgium, Caucasus, Central Asia, England, Far East, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, the Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, former Yugoslavia., Published as part of Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Cetin, O., Beyarslan, A. & Ostovan, H., 2010, A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran, pp. 621-634 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 42 (1) on page 626, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5332807

Opius (Misophthora) monilicornis FISCHER 1962 M a t e r i a l: Mazandaran province: Ghaemshahr (1), October 2003. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Algeria, Jordan, Maroc, Moldova, Spain, Syria, Turkey. R e m a r k: There are several in the collection of the Natural History Museum Vienna from Morocco and Syria. These two countries are probably new to the list of distribution., Published as part of Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Cetin, O., Beyarslan, A. & Ostovan, H., 2010, A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran, pp. 621-634 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 42 (1) on page 628, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5332807

Chelonus bidens TOBIAS 1976 M a t e r i a l: Mazandaran province: Behshahr, Neka (5, 3), July 2003. Golestan province: Gorgan, Minoodasht (4, 2), August 2004. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: South Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkey., Published as part of Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Cetin, O., Beyarslan, A. & Ostovan, H., 2010, A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran, pp. 621-634 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 42 (1) on page 626, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5332807

Microgaster rufipes NEES VON ESENBECK 1834 M a t e r i a l: Guilan province: Lahijan (1), September 2006. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, United Kingdom., Published as part of Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Cetin, O., Beyarslan, A. & Ostovan, H., 2010, A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran, pp. 621-634 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 42 (1) on page 628, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5332807

Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Cetin, O., Beyarslan, A., Ostovan, H. (2010): A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran. Linzer biologische Beiträge 42 (1): 621-634, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5332807, {"references":["BAKER W.L. (1972): Eastern forest insects. - U. S. Dept. Agr. Forest. Serv. Misc. Publ. 1175, 642 pp.","BERRYMAN A.A. (1967): Preservation and augmentation of insect predators of the western pine beetle. - J. Forestry 65: 260-262.","BUCKNER C.M. (1971): Vertebrate predators. - USDA, Forest Service, Res. Paper NE-194: 21-31.","CLAUSEN C.P. (1978): Introduced parasites and predators of arthropod pests and weeds: a world review. - USDA, ARS, Agric. Handbook No. 480, 545 pp.","DAHLSTEN D.L. & M.C. WHITMORE (1987): The case for and against the biological control of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Proceedings of Symposium on Potential for Biological Control of Dendroctonus and Ips Bark Beetles. - Ann. 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Allurus lituratus (HALIDAY 1835) M a t e r i a l: Mazandaran province: Ghaemshahr (1), September 2003. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden, United Kingdom., Published as part of Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Cetin, O., Beyarslan, A. & Ostovan, H., 2010, A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran, pp. 621-634 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 42 (1) on page 627, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5332807

Baeognatha armeniaca TELENGA 1955 M a t e r i a l: Guilan province: Chaboksar (1), September 2006. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Austria, Russia, Turkey., Published as part of Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Cetin, O., Beyarslan, A. & Ostovan, H., 2010, A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran, pp. 621-634 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 42 (1) on page 623, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5332807

Adialytus salicaphis (FITCH 1855) M a t e r i a l: Mazandaran province: Ghaemshahr (1, 1), May 2007. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Andorra, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, former Czechoslovakia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mexico, Moldova, Pakistan, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Tajikistan, Turkey, U.S.A., Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia., Published as part of Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Cetin, O., Beyarslan, A. & Ostovan, H., 2010, A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran, pp. 621-634 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 42 (1) on page 624, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5332807

Cotesia ofella (NIXON 1974) M a t e r i a l: Mazandaran province: Behshahr (1), July 2003. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom., Published as part of Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Cetin, O., Beyarslan, A. & Ostovan, H., 2010, A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran, pp. 621-634 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 42 (1) on page 628, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5332807

Chelonus ocellatus ALEXEEV 1971 M a t e r i a l: Mazandaran province: Savadkooh, Alasht (3), September 2003. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Crimea,MiddleAsia, Turkey., Published as part of Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Cetin, O., Beyarslan, A. & Ostovan, H., 2010, A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran, pp. 621-634 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 42 (1) on page 626, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5332807

Dinotrema (Dinotrema) cratocera (THOMSON 1895) M a t e r i a l: Golestan province: Minoodasht (1), September 2004. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Austria, Former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Korea, Sweden., Published as part of Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Cetin, O., Beyarslan, A. & Ostovan, H., 2010, A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran, pp. 621-634 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 42 (1) on page 624, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5332807

Praon (Praon) volucre (HALIDAY 1833) M a t e r i a l: Golestan province: Gorgan (3), August 2004. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Algeria, Andorra, Argentina, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canary Islands, Chile, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Lithuania, Macedonia, Madeira Islands, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia., Published as part of Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Cetin, O., Beyarslan, A. & Ostovan, H., 2010, A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran, pp. 621-634 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 42 (1) on page 625, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5332807

Agathis malvacearum LATREILLE 1805 M a t e r i a l: Guilan province: Lahijan (1), September 2006. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Austria, Germany, Greece, England, Spain, Italy, Corsica, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, France, Turkey, Netherlands. R e m a r k: There are examples from Greece (Rhodos), leg. Mavromoustaklis, and Austria, Lower Austria, in the collection of the Natural History Museum Vienna. The two countries are probably mentioned for the first time., Published as part of Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Cetin, O., Beyarslan, A. & Ostovan, H., 2010, A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran, pp. 621-634 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 42 (1) on page 623, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5332807

Aspicolpus borealis (THOMSON 1892) M a t e r i a l: Golestan province: Gorgan (1), August 2004. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Hungary, Iran, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland., Published as part of Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Cetin, O., Beyarslan, A. & Ostovan, H., 2010, A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran, pp. 621-634 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 42 (1) on page 627, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5332807

Chorebus (Chorebus) longicornis (NEES VON ESENBECK 1811) M a t e r i a l: Mazandaran province: Chalus (1), July 2007. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Faeroe Islands, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Madeira Islands, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia., Published as part of Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Cetin, O., Beyarslan, A. & Ostovan, H., 2010, A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran, pp. 621-634 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 42 (1) on page 624, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5332807

Hip fracture is one of the severest consequences of osteoporosis affecting elderly women, but abnormalities of bone turnover responsible for bone loss have not been clearly defined. This study evaluated the relationship of bone turnover parameters to hip fracture in postmenopausal elderly women. We also investigated the effects of endogenous hormones and vitamin D deficiency on osteoporotic hip fracture. The subjects were 21 osteoporotic patients with hip fracture (study group) and 20 healthy postmenopausal women (control group). We measured osteocalcin levels, total and bone alkaline phosphatase (T-ALP and B-ALP), calcitonin, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), urinary free deoxypyridinoline (D-pyr) and cross-linked N-telopeptides of type 1 collagen (NTx) levels. Serum T-ALP and B-ALP levels in the study group were lower than those of the control group. The mean serum 25OHD levels in the study group were not significantly different from the control group, but in five cases the mean serum iPTH level was increased. The mean urinary NTx levels were significantly increased in the study group compared with the control group (p0.05). There was no significant increase in urinary free D-pyr between the two groups. There was significant correlation between serum T-ALP levels and B-ALP levels and between serum iPTH levels and B-ALP levels. The mean serum SHBG level in the study group was higher than in the control group (p0.05). These data suggest that postmenopausal hip fracture patients have biochemical evidence of decreased bone formation and increased bone resorption compared with postmenopausal healthy subjects. We suggest these abnormalities play a role in the decrease of bone mass and the consequent increase in bone fragility that characterises osteoporotic hip fracture.

This study was performed to compare the growth characteristics of Kangal and Akbaş Turkish shepherd dogs. Live weight records of 141 puppies at birth, 86 puppies at weaning, 68 puppies at 6 and 12 months of age and four different body measurements of 68 dogs at different ages were used for determining growth characteristics. The least squares method was used for statistical analysis. Least squares mean weights of Kangal and Akbaş puppies at birth, weaning, and 6 and 12 months of age were 557.21 and 506.95 g, 5657.35 and 4457.70 g, 21.58 and 19.38 kg, 40.89 and 37.66 kg, respectively. At age 1 year, in Kangal and Akbaş dogs, the average shoulder height was 70.54 and 65.91 cm, rump height was 71.27 and 66.66 cm, body length was 64.05 and 59.43 cm, and body circumference was 78.10 and 71.86 cm, respectively. In conclusion, it was determined that Kangal dogs were superior to Akbaş dogs with respect to all growth characteristics (P < 0.05).