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The Diptera fauna of the Galápagos Archipelago is updated and an annotated checklist is presented. Currently 50 families, 207 genera, and a minimum of 324 species are recorded from the islands. Approximately 107 species are considered to have arrived on the Galápagos Islands through human introductions, an estimated 101 species are considered endemic, 42 species have naturally colonized the islands from mainland Americas, 21 species are either introduced or arrived naturally and 53 species remain unidentified. The following new combination is proposed: Chrysanthrax primitivus (Walker) is moved to Hemipenthes Loew as H. primitivus (Walker) comb. nov. All references to the Galápagos taxonomic literature are included, known island species distributions listed and general remarks on the biology of many species are provided.

Asphondylia gaucha Maia, sp. nov. (Figs. 1-4) Diagnosis: Male hypoproct deeply bilobed; ovipositor with needle part 2.0-2.2 X length 7 th sternite; pupa: antennal horn with apical part 1.5 X length of basal part, upper frontal horn simple, 0.2 X length of antennal horn, lower frontal horn tridentate, 0.1 X length of antennal horn, teeth not aligned, lateral teeth conspicuously above mesal tooth, 8 th abdominal segment with 8-9 dorsal spines in the posterior row. Male: Body: 3.20-4.60 mm long (n = 5). Head (Fig. 1A): globoid, 0.55-0.65 mm long 0.55-0.65 mm wide (n = 5), eye facets hexagonal, closely appressed; antennae: flagellomeres 1 and 2 not fused, scape truncated conical, setose, 0.14 mm long, 0.07 mm wide (n = 3), pedicel globose, setose, 0.07-0.075 mm long, 0.06-0.065 mm wide (n = 3), 1 st- 11 th flagellomeres cylindrical, 12 th conical (Fig. 1B), circumfila longitudinally wavy (Fig. 1C), proportion flagellomere neck-node: 1:10.5; frons with 26-32 (N = 5); mouth parts: labrum long-attenuate, 0.06-0.08 mm long, 0.05-0.06 mm wide (N = 5); hypopharynx of the same shape of labrum, with long lateral setulae, anteriorly directed, 0.22 mm long, 0.05-0.06 mm wide; labella elongate and convex, 0.08-0.10 mm long, 0.03-0.05 mm wide (N = 1), with lateral and mesal setae; palpus 0.21-0.25 mm long (N = 5): 1 st segment globoid, 2 nd and 3 rd segments cylindrical, all segments with setae. Thorax: scutum with two dorsocentral rows of setae, setae more abundant anteriorly, and irregular group of lateral row of setae on each side, scales intermixed; scutellum with scattered setae;anepimeron setose and anepisternum setose;remaining pleural sclerites bare.Legs:first tarsomere of each leg with an apical hook-like projection 0.03 mm long (N = 14) (Fig. 1D), tarsal claws curved beyond midlength, isomorphic, empodium shorter than claws (Fig. 1E); wing: length 2.90-3.20 mm (N = 5) (Fig. 1F). Abdomen (Fig. 2A): 1 st- 7 th tergites sclerotized, rectangular with a posterior row of setae, few lateral setae, mostly covered elsewhere with scales, and basal pair of trichoid sensillae;8 th tergite band-like with basal pair of trichoid sensillae as vestiture; 2 nd- 8 th sternites sclerotized, rectangular,2 nd- 7 th sternites with a posterior row of setae, several setae at midlength and laterally, mostly covered elsewhere with scales, and basal pair of trichoid sensillae; 8 th sternite entirely covered with setae, more abundant posteriorly, mostly covered elsewhere with scales and basal pair of trichoid sensillae. Terminalia (Figs. 2B): gonocoxite short and stout, 0.15-0.18 mm long, 0.10 mm wide (N = 4), gonostylus spherical, 0.06-0.07 mm long, 0.06-0.07 mm wide (N = 4), teeth 0.01 mm long, 0.03 mm wide (N = 2), hypoproct deeply bilobed, lobes conical; cercus rounded at apex; aedeagus conical. Female: Body length: 4.10-4.50 mm (n = 4). Head: 0.60 mm long, 0.60-0.70 mm wide (n = 4), eye facets hexagonal, closely appressed;antennae:scape 0.14-0.16 mm long, 0.07 mm wide (n = 3), pedicel 0.06-0.08 mm long, 0.07-0.08 mm wide (n = 3), 1 st- 11 th flagellomeres cylindrical, 12 th spheroid (Fig. 3A), circumfila comprising two longitudinal bands connected sub basally and apically by two transverse bands (Fig. 3B); 27-30 frontal setae; mouthparts: labrum 0.10-0.11 mm long, 0.06 mm wide (n = 2), hypopharynx 0.16-0.18 mm long, 0.06 mm wide (n = 2), labellum 0.09-0.10 mm long, 0.04 mm wide at midlength (n = 2), palpus 0.27-0.29 mm long (n = 2): 1 st segment globose, 2 nd segment cylindrical, 3 rd segment claviform. Thorax: apical projection of first tarsomere with 0.04 mm long (N = 4) (Fig. 3C); tarsal claws more robust than in male (Fig. 3D); wing length: 4.00- 4.10 mm (N = 3) (Fig. 3E). Abdomen (Fig. 3F): 1 st- 8 th tergites sclerotized, 1 st- 7 th tergites rectangular with a posterior row of setae, few lateral setae, basal pair of trichoid sensillae and mostly covered elsewhere with scales, 8 th tergite with distal margin with lobes 0.16-0.17 mm long (N = 3), 2 nd- 6 th sternites as in male; 7 th sternite 0.57-0.67 mm long, 1.75-1.9 X length sternite 6 (N = 2), setose (except basally), setae more abundant distally, and mostly covered elsewhere with scales; sternite 8 not sclerotized; ovipositor: needle part 1.25-1.35 mm long, 2.0-2.2 X length sternite 7 (n = 2). Other characters as in male. Pupa (Fig. 4A): Color: brownish. Body length: 3.95-4.70 mm (N = 2). Head (Fig. 4B): dorsal plate 0.65 mm long, 0.15 mm wide (n = 1); face with lateral projection; antennal horn triangular, 0.37-0.38 mm long (N = 3), apical part 1.5 X length of basal part, inner margin serrated; apical seta 0.06 mm long, 0.66 X wide of antennal flagellomere (N = 1); upper facial horn simple, triangular, 0.07 mm long (N = 3), as long as width of basal flagellomere; lower facial horn tridentate, 0.03 mm long (N = 3), 0.1 X length of antennal horn, teeth triangular, not aligned, lateral teeth conspicuously above mesal tooth; two pairs of lower facial papillae: one pair setose, the other bare; three pairs of lateral facial papillae: one pair setose, two bare; upper cephalic margin thickened laterally. Thorax: integument wrinkly (Fig. 4C), prothoracic spiracle short, 0.08 mm long, setiform, curved (N = 3). Abdomen (Fig. 4D): segments 2-8 with transverse rows of crescent dorsal spines; posterior row with 16-25 spines in the 2 nd segment, 21-26 in the 3 rd, 21-26 in the 4 th, 21-25 in the 5 th, 20-25 in the 6 th, 14-19 in the 7 th and 8-9 in the 8 th (N = 4)., Published as part of Maia, Valéria Cid, Mendonça, Milton de Souza & Mascarenhas, Bernardo José de Araújo, 2023, Two new species of Asphondylia Loew, 1850 (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) on Asteraceae from Brazil, pp. 1-12 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 63 on page 2, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2023.63.024, http://zenodo.org/record/8135305

Fazan, Laurence, Dorchin, Netta, Giriens, Sophie, Pasta, Salvatore, Garfì, Giuseppe, Remoundou, Ilektra, Petrakis, Panos V., Kozlowski, Gregor (2023): A new species of Contarinia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from flower galls on the relict tree Zelkova abelicea (Ulmaceae) endemic to Crete (Greece). Zootaxa 5301 (2): 257-268, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.6

Contarinia ampelitsiae Dorchin & Fazan, new species Diagnosis. This species is placed in Contarinia for the binodal male flagellomeres, each with a single whorl of circumfila, untoothed tarsal claws, long, retractable and tapered ovipositor with greatly reduced, closely juxtaposed cerci, and 4 pairs of larval terminal papillae, two of which are coniform and recurved. The species has no obvious relatives within Contarinia, given that it forms previously unknown, elaborate stamen galls on Ulmaceae, a plant family from which no Contarinia species are known. No species of Contarinia are known also from the closely related plant family Cannabaceae, formerly included in the Ulmaceae, from which numerous cecidomyiid species of other genera are known (Gagné et al. 2013). Moreover, Contarinia ampelitsiae is univoltine, which excludes the possibility that it develops on other host plants. Adults have no dorsal occipital protuberance, the female antennal flagellomeres have very short necks, male antennal flagellomeres with necks as long as nodes, and larva with longshafted, bilobed spatula. Description. Adult. Head (Fig. 6): Eye facets round, more spacious laterally than medially. Occiput without dorsal protuberance; only slightly raised towards shallow, blunt projection carrying two long apical setae (Fig. 6). Frons with 4–5 long setae on each side. Labellum tapered from wide base, with several subapical setae. Palp four segmented, segments successively longer, palpiger present (Fig. 6). Male antennal flagellomeres (Fig. 7) with necks about same length as nodes, slightly longer in distal than in proximal flagellomeres; circumfilar loops reaching base of next node or slightly longer. Female flagellomeres (Fig. 8) with very short necks, each with two whorls of appressed circumfila connected by one longitudinal band. Thorax: Wing transparent, with long, fine, hair-like setae along posterior margin, R 4+5 slightly bent, reaching C beyond wing apex. C with small break immediately past juncture with R 4+5. Wing length 2.15–2.56 mm in females (n=3), 1.93–2.34 mm in males (n=4). Legs covered by long, narrow scales; tarsal claws (Fig. 9) untoothed, curved along distal half, empodia longer than bend in claw, pulvilli minute. Female abdomen: Tergites 1–7 with anterior pair of sensory setae, posterior row of setae, and a group of 5–6 baso-lateral setae.Tergite 8 smaller than preceding, with few posterior setae. Sternites 2–7 with anterior pair of closely approximated sensory setae, continuous posterior row of setae and numerous evenly distributed setae laterally; pigmentation of sternites broken along thin line just proximal to posterior row of setae; sternite 8 undifferentiated from surrounding tissue. Ovipositor 10.7–12.3 as long as tergite 7 (n=3). Cerci (Figs. 10–11) closely appressed, about 4 times as long as wide, each bearing two strong setae apically and two smaller setae basally, microtrichose along proximal half, bare thereafter. Male abdomen: Tergites 1–6 as in female; tergite 7 with only 2–3 lateral setae and without posterior row of setae; tergite 8 with much smaller sclerotized area, anterior pair of sensory setae the only vestiture. Sternites 2–6 as in female; sternites 7–8 without clear separation between lateral and posterior setae. Terminalia (Figs. 12– 13): Gonocoxites robust, cylindrical, with evenly distributed long setae; gonostyli about same width throughout length, only slightly narrowed towards apical tooth, entirely glabrous and carinate, with evenly distributed setae; cerci separate to base, with several apical setae; hypoproct deeply divided into two cylindrical lobes, strongly microtrichose, each with one long seta apically (Fig. 13); aedeagus longer than hypoproct, narrow, tapered to rounded apex, with two pairs of asetose sensory organs on each side. Larva (third instar) (Fig. 3C): Length 3.17–3.81 mm (n=10), whitish to pale yellow; antenna about 1.5 times as long as wide, cephalic apodemes as long as head capsule (Fig. 14). Spatula (Fig. 15) long shafted, with two wide, laterally rounded, mesally slightly pointed lobes separated by deep depression; broadest at base of lobes. On each side of spatula two triplets of tiny papillae, two in each triplet with barely visible setae. Third thoracic segment and first to eighth abdominal segments each with ventral field of minute spicules arranged in 6–15 transverse rows on mid-anterior section of segment; integument otherwise smooth. Coniform terminal papillae recurved, other three pairs with short, thick setae on slightly elevated bases (Fig. 16). Pupa (based on exuviae): A few degraded exuviae enabled only partial description. Antennal bases form very small and short tapered tips. Cephalic seta long and thin. Etymology. The specific name refers to the local Cretan name for Z. abelicea, namely ampelitsiá (αμπελιτσιά). DNA: The barcoding section of the mitochondrial COI gene sequenced from one male of C. ampelitsiae was deposited in GenBank under accession number OQ107473. Comparison of this sequence to available sequences in GenBank showed highest percentage identity of 91.03–91.73% with numerous unidentified cecidomyiid specimens, with the highest similarity to other Contarinia species being 91.18% to Contarinia caryafloralis from Carya in China (accession MH039840.1, Jiao et al. 2018), and 90.66% to an unidentified Contarinia species from Oxalis in Japan (accession AB597022.1, Uechi et al. 2011). These values indicate that Contarinia species for which relevant sequences are currently available in GenBank are very different from C. ampelitsiae and are unrelated to it. Material examined: Holotype: ♀, Greece, Crete, Katharo plateau, 35.144263 N, 25.573718 E, 28.v.2020, I. Remoundou. Ex stamen galls of Zelkova abelicea. Emerged on 31.iii.2021. On permanent microscope slide in Euparal. Deposited in NHMF (accession GBIFCH01352024). Paratypes: All from Greece, Crete, Katharo plateau, 35.144263 N, 25.573718 E, 28.v.2020, I. Remoundou. 10 larvae (on 5 microscope slides, 6 NHMF: accessions GBIFCH01352028, GBIFCH01352029, GBIFCH01352030, 4 SMNHTAU: accessions 427728, 427729); 2♁, 1♀ (NHMF: accession GBIFCH01352025, GBIFCH01352026, GBIFCH01352027); 2♁ 1♀, (SMNHTAU: accessions 427726, 427727, 416127), emerged between 31.iii.2021 and 02.iv.2021. Other material: 3 pupal exuviae on two microscope slides, Greece, Crete, Katharo plateau, 35.144263 N, 25.573718 E, collected on 28.v.2020 by I. Remoundou; excised from soil on 11.xi.2021 by L. Fazan (SMNHTAU). Comments. The first and only previous known mention, description and drawing of the galls of this insect come from an unsigned and undated note in French inserted in the collection of the Herbarium of the University of Montpellier (MPU) (Supplementary material S1). The note is accompanied by a few flowering shoots of Z. abelicea, with leaves, fruit and galls contained in an envelope. This note is thought to have been written by the French botanist Jules Émile Planchon (1823–1888), and mentions that the galls come from Z. abelicea samples collected by the German botanist Theodor von Heldreich (1822–1902), giving a morphological description of the galls and stating that no insects were found within. No samples collected by von Heldreich are currently included in the herbarium of MPU, but samples collected by him in June 1846 which contain galls are found in the collections of other herbaria, e.g., the Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève (G), the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle of Paris (P), the Royal Botanic Garden of Edinburgh (RBGE), and the University of Florence (FI). J. E. Planchon included his observations of the galls in his description of Z. abelicea found in the Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis of de Candolle (Planchon 1873). Recent studies (Fazan et al. 2023) have shown that the presence of C. ampelitsiae on flowering shoots of Z. abelicea significantly reduces the number of fruits produced per shoot and fruit weight, probably due to shifts in resource allocation. Seed sterility issues are of major concern over parts of the range of Z. abelicea. However, no significant effect of the presence of C. ampelitsiae on the overall seed sterility of the trees has been found., Published as part of Fazan, Laurence, Dorchin, Netta, Giriens, Sophie, Pasta, Salvatore, Garfì, Giuseppe, Remoundou, Ilektra, Petrakis, Panos V. & Kozlowski, Gregor, 2023, A new species of Contarinia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from flower galls on the relict tree Zelkova abelicea (Ulmaceae) endemic to Crete (Greece), pp. 257-268 in Zootaxa 5301 (2) on pages 262-266, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/8030564, {"references":["Gagne, R. J. & Moser, J. C. (2013) The North American gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of hackberries (Cannabaceae: Celtis spp.). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 49, 1 - 103.","Jiao, K. L., Wang, H., Huang, J. H, Han, P. J., Zhang, L. W, Jiao, X., Wo, Z. H., Zhang, J., Wang, Y. H., Bu, W. J. & Kolesik, P. (2018) A new species of Contarinia (Diptera Cecidomyiidae) damaging inflorescence of Carya cathayensis (Juglandaceae) in China. Zootaxa, 4442 (1), 187 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4442.1.12.","Uechi, N., Yukawa, J., Tokuda, M., Ganaha-Kikumura, T. & Taniguchi, M. (2011) New information on host plants and distribution ranges of an invasive gall midge, Contarinia maculipennis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), and its congeners in Japan. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 46, 383 - 389. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13355 - 011 - 0050 - 1.","Planchon, J. E. (1873) Ulmaceae. In: de Candolle, A. P. (Ed.), Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis. Fortin, Masson & Sociorum, Paris, pp. 151 - 210.","Fazan, L., Certini, D., Pasta, S., Remoundou, I., Ghosn, D., Garfi, G. & Kozlowski, G. (2023) Trait variability in diaspores and fruits of Zelkova abelicea (Ulmaceae) across its distribution range. Acta Oecologica, 118, 103896. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. actao. 2023.103896"]}

Contarinia ampelitsiae Dorchin & Fazan, new species Diagnosis. This species is placed in Contarinia for the binodal male flagellomeres, each with a single whorl of circumfila, untoothed tarsal claws, long, retractable and tapered ovipositor with greatly reduced, closely juxtaposed cerci, and 4 pairs of larval terminal papillae, two of which are coniform and recurved. The species has no obvious relatives within Contarinia, given that it forms previously unknown, elaborate stamen galls on Ulmaceae, a plant family from which no Contarinia species are known. No species of Contarinia are known also from the closely related plant family Cannabaceae, formerly included in the Ulmaceae, from which numerous cecidomyiid species of other genera are known (Gagné et al. 2013). Moreover, Contarinia ampelitsiae is univoltine, which excludes the possibility that it develops on other host plants. Adults have no dorsal occipital protuberance, the female antennal flagellomeres have very short necks, male antennal flagellomeres with necks as long as nodes, and larva with longshafted, bilobed spatula. Description. Adult. Head (Fig. 6): Eye facets round, more spacious laterally than medially. Occiput without dorsal protuberance; only slightly raised towards shallow, blunt projection carrying two long apical setae (Fig. 6). Frons with 4–5 long setae on each side. Labellum tapered from wide base, with several subapical setae. Palp four segmented, segments successively longer, palpiger present (Fig. 6). Male antennal flagellomeres (Fig. 7) with necks about same length as nodes, slightly longer in distal than in proximal flagellomeres; circumfilar loops reaching base of next node or slightly longer. Female flagellomeres (Fig. 8) with very short necks, each with two whorls of appressed circumfila connected by one longitudinal band. Thorax: Wing transparent, with long, fine, hair-like setae along posterior margin, R 4+5 slightly bent, reaching C beyond wing apex. C with small break immediately past juncture with R 4+5. Wing length 2.15–2.56 mm in females (n=3), 1.93–2.34 mm in males (n=4). Legs covered by long, narrow scales; tarsal claws (Fig. 9) untoothed, curved along distal half, empodia longer than bend in claw, pulvilli minute. Female abdomen: Tergites 1–7 with anterior pair of sensory setae, posterior row of setae, and a group of 5–6 baso-lateral setae.Tergite 8 smaller than preceding, with few posterior setae. Sternites 2–7 with anterior pair of closely approximated sensory setae, continuous posterior row of setae and numerous evenly distributed setae laterally; pigmentation of sternites broken along thin line just proximal to posterior row of setae; sternite 8 undifferentiated from surrounding tissue. Ovipositor 10.7–12.3 as long as tergite 7 (n=3). Cerci (Figs. 10–11) closely appressed, about 4 times as long as wide, each bearing two strong setae apically and two smaller setae basally, microtrichose along proximal half, bare thereafter. Male abdomen: Tergites 1–6 as in female; tergite 7 with only 2–3 lateral setae and without posterior row of setae; tergite 8 with much smaller sclerotized area, anterior pair of sensory setae the only vestiture. Sternites 2–6 as in female; sternites 7–8 without clear separation between lateral and posterior setae. Terminalia (Figs. 12– 13): Gonocoxites robust, cylindrical, with evenly distributed long setae; gonostyli about same width throughout length, only slightly narrowed towards apical tooth, entirely glabrous and carinate, with evenly distributed setae; cerci separate to base, with several apical setae; hypoproct deeply divided into two cylindrical lobes, strongly microtrichose, each with one long seta apically (Fig. 13); aedeagus longer than hypoproct, narrow, tapered to rounded apex, with two pairs of asetose sensory organs on each side. Larva (third instar) (Fig. 3C): Length 3.17–3.81 mm (n=10), whitish to pale yellow; antenna about 1.5 times as long as wide, cephalic apodemes as long as head capsule (Fig. 14). Spatula (Fig. 15) long shafted, with two wide, laterally rounded, mesally slightly pointed lobes separated by deep depression; broadest at base of lobes. On each side of spatula two triplets of tiny papillae, two in each triplet with barely visible setae. Third thoracic segment and first to eighth abdominal segments each with ventral field of minute spicules arranged in 6–15 transverse rows on mid-anterior section of segment; integument otherwise smooth. Coniform terminal papillae recurved, other three pairs with short, thick setae on slightly elevated bases (Fig. 16). Pupa (based on exuviae): A few degraded exuviae enabled only partial description. Antennal bases form very small and short tapered tips. Cephalic seta long and thin. Etymology. The specific name refers to the local Cretan name for Z. abelicea, namely ampelitsiá (αμπελιτσιά). DNA: The barcoding section of the mitochondrial COI gene sequenced from one male of C. ampelitsiae was deposited in GenBank under accession number OQ107473. Comparison of this sequence to available sequences in GenBank showed highest percentage identity of 91.03–91.73% with numerous unidentified cecidomyiid specimens, with the highest similarity to other Contarinia species being 91.18% to Contarinia caryafloralis from Carya in China (accession MH039840.1, Jiao et al. 2018), and 90.66% to an unidentified Contarinia species from Oxalis in Japan (accession AB597022.1, Uechi et al. 2011). These values indicate that Contarinia species for which relevant sequences are currently available in GenBank are very different from C. ampelitsiae and are unrelated to it. Material examined: Holotype: ♀, Greece, Crete, Katharo plateau, 35.144263 N, 25.573718 E, 28.v.2020, I. Remoundou. Ex stamen galls of Zelkova abelicea. Emerged on 31.iii.2021. On permanent microscope slide in Euparal. Deposited in NHMF (accession GBIFCH01352024). Paratypes: All from Greece, Crete, Katharo plateau, 35.144263 N, 25.573718 E, 28.v.2020, I. Remoundou. 10 larvae (on 5 microscope slides, 6 NHMF: accessions GBIFCH01352028, GBIFCH01352029, GBIFCH01352030, 4 SMNHTAU: accessions 427728, 427729); 2♁, 1♀ (NHMF: accession GBIFCH01352025, GBIFCH01352026, GBIFCH01352027); 2♁ 1♀, (SMNHTAU: accessions 427726, 427727, 416127), emerged between 31.iii.2021 and 02.iv.2021. Other material: 3 pupal exuviae on two microscope slides, Greece, Crete, Katharo plateau, 35.144263 N, 25.573718 E, collected on 28.v.2020 by I. Remoundou; excised from soil on 11.xi.2021 by L. Fazan (SMNHTAU). Comments. The first and only previous known mention, description and drawing of the galls of this insect come from an unsigned and undated note in French inserted in the collection of the Herbarium of the University of Montpellier (MPU) (Supplementary material S1). The note is accompanied by a few flowering shoots of Z. abelicea, with leaves, fruit and galls contained in an envelope. This note is thought to have been written by the French botanist Jules Émile Planchon (1823–1888), and mentions that the galls come from Z. abelicea samples collected by the German botanist Theodor von Heldreich (1822–1902), giving a morphological description of the galls and stating that no insects were found within. No samples collected by von Heldreich are currently included in the herbarium of MPU, but samples collected by him in June 1846 which contain galls are found in the collections of other herbaria, e.g., the Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève (G), the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle of Paris (P), the Royal Botanic Garden of Edinburgh (RBGE), and the University of Florence (FI). J. E. Planchon included his observations of the galls in his description of Z. abelicea found in the Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis of de Candolle (Planchon 1873). Recent studies (Fazan et al. 2023) have shown that the presence of C. ampelitsiae on flowering shoots of Z. abelicea significantly reduces the number of fruits produced per shoot and fruit weight, probably due to shifts in resource allocation. Seed sterility issues are of major concern over parts of the range of Z. abelicea. However, no significant effect of the presence of C. ampelitsiae on the overall seed sterility of the trees has been found.

Dentifibula viburni (Felt) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), type species of Dentifibula Felt, is redescribed with illustrations and compared with its congeners. The genus is differentiated from the generally similar Lestodiplosis Kieffer. As far as presently known, larvae of Dentifibula prey on Diaspididae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea). The nine other species of Dentifibula are diagnosed. Dentifibula ceylanica Felt is removed from synonymy under Dentifibula obtusiloba Felt.

Genus Claspettomyia Grover undetermined species (R.J. Gagné pers. comm.). Distribution. Not determined. Galápagos: San Cristóbal., Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2023, An annotated checklist of the Diptera of the Galápagos Archipelago (Ecuador), pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 5283 (1) on page 20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5283.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7912667

7. Family Cecidomyiidae In addition to the taxa listed below, there are many additional undetermined species in the tribe Oligotrophini that are not listed here (R.J. Gagné pers. comm.). The specimens examined by Gagné remain unsorted in alcohol vials (CNC)., Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2023, An annotated checklist of the Diptera of the Galápagos Archipelago (Ecuador), pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 5283 (1) on page 20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5283.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7912667

galapagensis Jaschhof Peromyia galapagensis Jaschhof, 2004: 104. Distribution. Endemic. Galápagos: Santa Cruz. Remarks. This species was collected in humid Scalesia pedunculata forest (Jaschhof 2004)., Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2023, An annotated checklist of the Diptera of the Galápagos Archipelago (Ecuador), pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 5283 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5283.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7912667, {"references":["Jaschhof, M. (2004) Wood midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Lestremiinae) from the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Faunistische Abhandlungen, 25, 99 - 106."]}

sinclairi Jaschhof Insulestremia sinclairi Jaschhof, 2004: 103. Distribution. Native. Neotropical; Galápagos: San Cristóbal. Remarks. This species has been collected in arid zones and dry Scalesia forest (Jaschhof 2004). This formerly endemic genus and species, along with two additional species, have since been described from Brazil (Carmo-Neto et al. 2021)., Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2023, An annotated checklist of the Diptera of the Galápagos Archipelago (Ecuador), pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 5283 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5283.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7912667, {"references":["Jaschhof, M. (2004) Wood midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Lestremiinae) from the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Faunistische Abhandlungen, 25, 99 - 106.","Carmo-Neto, A. M., Lamas, C. J. E. & Urso-Guimar \" es, M. V. (2021) Review of Insulestremia Jaschhof, 2004 (Diptera; Cecidomyiidae; Lestremiinae) with description of two new species from Brazil. Zootaxa, 4966 (3), 367 - 375. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4966.3.8"]}

Genus Contarinia Rondani undetermined species (R.J. Gagné pers. comm.). Distribution. Not determined. Galápagos: Santa Cruz., Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2023, An annotated checklist of the Diptera of the Galápagos Archipelago (Ecuador), pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 5283 (1) on page 20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5283.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7912667

7. Family Cecidomyiidae In addition to the taxa listed below, there are many additional undetermined species in the tribe Oligotrophini that are not listed here (R.J. Gagné pers. comm.). The specimens examined by Gagné remain unsorted in alcohol vials (CNC).

buscki (Felt) Microcerata buscki Felt, 1915: 198. Anarete buscki: Jaschhof 2004: 100 [review]. Distribution. Native. Nearctic, Neotropical; Galápagos: San Cristóbal, Santa Cruz. Remarks. This species was collected mostly by sweeping through mating swarms encountered along trails in the littoral and arid zones in Galápagos (Jaschhof 2004)., Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2023, An annotated checklist of the Diptera of the Galápagos Archipelago (Ecuador), pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 5283 (1) on page 20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5283.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7912667, {"references":["Felt, E. P. (1915). New genera and species of gall midges. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 48 (2072), 195 - 211. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.48 - 2072.195","Jaschhof, M. (2004) Wood midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Lestremiinae) from the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Faunistische Abhandlungen, 25, 99 - 106."]}

Genus Porricondyla Rondani undetermined species (R.J. Gagné pers. comm.). Distribution. Not determined. Galápagos: Isabela., Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2023, An annotated checklist of the Diptera of the Galápagos Archipelago (Ecuador), pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 5283 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5283.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7912667

Synopeas maximum Awad & Talamas, sp. nov., the first reported parasitoid associated with the soybean gall midge, Resseliella maxima Gagné, is described based on morphological and molecular data. Parasitoids were reared from soybean stems infested by R. maxima in Minnesota. A phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus Synopeas Förster was performed with COI sequences (n=2412) available on the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD). Phylogenetic and barcode gap analyses suggest 279 Synopeas species in this dataset, with S. maximum sequences forming a monophyletic clade that is distinct from relatives. The Synopeas maximum clade was close to specimens from Canada and the United States, suggesting it is native to North America. We present a taxonomic treatment of S. maximum to facilitate its identification, including comparison to morphologically similar species. This project provides baseline data for further ecological study of R. maxima parasitism, and its management in soybean.

Mariner-like elements (MLEs) are class II transposons belonging to the Tc1-mariner family that have successfully invaded many insect genomes. In the current study, the availability of the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor, genome has enabled us to perform in silico analysis of MLEs using a previously described mariner element (Desmar1) belonging to the mauritiana subfamily. Eighteen mauritiana-like elements were detected and clustered into three main groups: Desmar1-like, MauCons1, and MauCons2. Subsequently, in vitro analysis was carried out to investigate mauritiana-like elements in M. destructor as well as in Mayetiola hordei using primers designed from TIRs of previously identified MLEs. PCR amplifications were successful, and a total of 12 and 17 mauritiana-like elements were detected in M. destructor and M. hordei, respectively. Sequence analyses of mauritiana-like elements obtained in silico and in vitro have shown that MauCons1 and MauCons2 elements share low similarity with Desmar1 ranging from 50% to 55%, suggesting that different groups under the mauritiana subfamily have invaded the genomes of M. destructor and M. hordei. These groups were likely inherited by vertical transmission, which subsequently underwent different evolutionary histories. This work describes new mauritiana-like elements in M. destructor that are distinct from the previously discovered Desmar1 and provides the first evidence of MLEs belonging to the mauritiana subfamily in M. hordei.

Porricondylinae, a subfamily of gall midges (Cecidomyiidae) with mycophagous larvae, are poorly researched outside Europe. Twelve species were previously named from the entire Afrotropical Region, although 500+ species are likely to occur there. Here a fresh start is made to explore the taxonomic diversity of Afrotropical Porricondylinae using a more methodical approach than was done in the past. This first contribution focuses on several representatives of the tribe Asynaptini that occur in South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal Province. Asycampta Mamaev & Zaitzev, stat. nov., previously a synonym of Pseudocamptomyia Parnell at the subgeneric level, is instated as a valid genus. The genera Asycampta (Afrotropical), Pseudocamptomyia (Nearctic) and Zadbimyia Jaschhof & Jaschhof (Neotropical) are redefined and hypothesized to form the Pseudocamptomyia group, a monophyletic subset of Asynaptini. Asycampta is shown to contain five species: two from Somalia, the type species A. palpata Mamaev & Zaitzev and A. africana (Mamaev & Zaitzev) comb. nov., and three from South Africa, A. karkloofensis Jaschhof & Jaschhof sp. nov., A. mpofana Jaschhof & Jaschhof sp. nov., and A. umngeni Jaschhof & Jaschhof sp. nov. The genus Camptomyia Kieffer is recorded for the first time from the Afrotropics, with two new species named C. mostovskii Jaschhof & Jaschhof sp. nov. and C. kwazulunatalensis Jaschhof & Jaschhof sp. nov. Our results show that all three large subgroups of Asynaptini, namely Asynapta Loew, Camptomyia, and the Pseudocamptomyia group of genera are Afrotropical. Clinophaena Kieffer, 1913 is recognized as a new junior synonym of Winnertzia Rondani, 1860 (a genus of the subfamily Winnertziinae), and Winnertzia mahensis (Kieffer), originally described in Holoneurus Kieffer and subsequently designated as the type species of Clinophaena, is a new combination.

Genus Camptomyia Kieffer, 1894 With 71 extant species, Camptomyia is the largest genus of the Asynaptini (Gagné & Jaschhof 2021). While the remarkable diversity evident in the male terminalia has been used extensively to distinguish species, it proved too confusing to be applied for establishing a sound subgeneric classification (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2019). Two new Camptomyia species (described herein) represent new records of the genus from the Afrotropical Region. Male morphology suggests that both are only distantly related to one another and neither appears to be particularly closely affiliated to Camptomyia species occurring in the Palearctic Region. The described Oriental (mostly Indian) species of the genus (Gagné & Jaschhof 2021) are too poorly known for comparison and interpretation., Published as part of Jaschhof, Mathias & Jaschhof, Catrin, 2023, A review of Afrotropical Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), with descriptions of five new species of Asynaptini from KwaZulu-Natal Province South Africa, pp. 261-275 in Zootaxa 5244 (3) on page 270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5244.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7656363, {"references":["Gagne, R. J. & Jaschhof, M. (2021) A Catalog of the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) of the World. 5 th Edition. Digital Version 4. Available from https: // www. ars. usda. gov / ARSUserFiles / 80420580 / Gagne _ Jaschhof _ 2021 _ World _ Cat _ 5 th _ Ed. pdf.","Jaschhof, M. & Jaschhof, C. (2019) New and rarely found species of asynaptine Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in northern Europe. Zootaxa, 4604 (2), 281 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4604.2.3"]}

Camptomyia mostovskii Jaschhof & Jaschhof sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 092CCD38-6207-4521-8564-CAB67603F8B4 Figs 21–24 Differential diagnosis. An unusual species of Camptomyia, distinguished by the construction of the parameres. The dorsolateral portions form a pair of ovoid lobes the surfaces of which are clothed in thick microtrichia (Fig. 23, arrow 1), while the ventral portions, which are much less obvious, form a subrectangular, virtually transparent shield (Fig. 21, arrow 2). Parameres similar to those of C. mostovskii sp. nov. were described for Lobopedosis maritima Fedotova & Sidorenko, 2005, the type species of the monotypic genus Lobopedosis Fedotova & Sidorenko from Far East Russia (Fedotova & Sidorenko 2005, fig. 123). While Lobopedosis is currently recognized as a valid genus of Asynaptini (Gagné & Jaschhof 2021), observations here suggest L. maritima to be another unusual species of Camptomyia. This assumption should be considered carefully in future revisions of Palearctic Asynaptini. Male description. Body length 1.7 mm. Head. Eye bridge 7 ommatidia long at vertex. Antenna longer than body, with 17 flagellomeres, all with circumfila; apical flagellomere simple. Neck of fourth flagellomere 1.3 × as long as node (Fig. 24). Palpus 4-segmented, shorter than head height. Thorax. With 2 pronotal setae; 10 anepisternal setae; 8 anepimeral setae. Wing. Longer than body, length/width ratio 2.7. A short, faint portion of vein M 1+2 present at wing margin. Both vein M 4 and apical portion of vein CuA weak, although forming a fork and extending to wing margin. Legs. Foreleg with femur 1.2 × as long as tibia, T 2 not retained; midleg with femur 1.3 × as long as tibia, tibia 0.7 × as long as T 2. Claws moderately bent, 1 large basal tooth. Empodia vestigial. Terminalia. Ninth tergite with deeply incised posterior margin, anterior margin weakly contoured (Fig. 22). Gonocoxal synsclerite strongly narrowed anteriorly; anterior margin narrowly rounded, weakly contoured; ventral emargination broadly U-shaped, basal margin weakly contoured; dorsal apodemes thin, almost as long as the distance separating them (Fig. 21). Gonostylus twice as long as high, almost straight, slightly convex posteriorly, slightly tapered towards apex; basolateral apophysis small; apex with small pectinate tooth (Fig. 21). Phallapodeme consisting of a rodshaped portion basally and an elongate-subtriangular extension apically, both approximately same length (Fig. 23). Parameral apodemes moderate size (Fig. 23). Female unknown. Etymology. The specific epithet renders honor to the dipterist Mike B. Mostovski, who as the former Chief Curator contributed significantly to the development of the Diptera collection of the KwaZulu-Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. All the specimens studied here were collected by him. Type material. Holotype. Male, South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Karkloof Nature Reserve (29°19.1′S: 30°15.5′E), 1325 m elevation, mistbelt forest, 28.ix.–24.xi.2005, Malaise trap, M. Mostovski (NMSA-DIP 212004).

Camptomyia kwazulunatalensis Jaschhof & Jaschhof sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 44C60D01-9804-448D-8BFD-D7CA97AF7311 Figs 16–20 Differential diagnosis. This new Camptomyia differs from its congeners in the structure of the gonostylus, which has a bundle of dense, jumbled spines subapically (Fig. 20, arrow 1), rather than several spines arranged in a line, forming a pectinate tooth at the apex. The phallapodeme length is 2 × that of the parameres and is unusually thick (Fig. 18, arrow 2), apart from constrictions both subapically and subbasally. The parameres, in turn, are peculiar in having their apical portions, i. e., ca one-third of their entire length, turned backward (Fig. 18, arrow 3). The basal portions of the parameres are interconnected. Male description. Body length 2.2 mm. Head. Eye bridge 9 ommatidia long at vertex. Antenna shorter than body, with 20 flagellomeres, all with circumfila; apical flagellomere simple. Neck and node of fourth flagellomere of equal length (Fig. 19). Palpus 4-segmented, shorter than head height. Thorax. Pronotum glabrous; 5 anepisternal setae; 6 anepimeral setae. Wing. As long as body, length/width ratio 2.6. A short, faint portion of vein M 1+2 present at wing margin. Both vein M 4 and apical portion of vein CuA weak, although forming a fork and extending to wing margin. Legs. Foreleg with femur 1.1 × as long as tibia, tibia 0.7 × as long as T 2. Claws moderately bent, 1 large basal tooth. Empodia vestigial. Terminalia. Ninth tergite with narrow, sclerotized ridge inside along median, setae arranged in two lateral clusters, anterior margin weakly contoured (Fig. 17). Gonocoxal synsclerite strongly narrowed anteriorly; anterior margin bluntly pointed; ventral emargination broadly U-shaped basally, with sclerotized margin devoid of vestiture; ventrolateral setae markedly larger than those around the emargination; dorsal apodemes thin, shorter than the distance separating them (Fig. 16). Gonostylus 3 × as long as high, almost straight, slightly convex posteriorly, slightly tapered towards apex; basolateral apophysis small (Fig. 20). Parameral apodemes moderate size (Fig. 18). Female unknown. Etymology. The specific epithet kwazulunatalensis is an adjective derived from the name KwaZulu-Natal, type locality of the species. Type material examined. Holotype. Male, South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Karkloof Nature Reserve (29°19.1′S: 30°15.5′E), 1325 m elevation, mistbelt forest, 28.ix.–24.xi.2005, Malaise trap, M. Mostovski (NMSADIP 212003)., Published as part of Jaschhof, Mathias & Jaschhof, Catrin, 2023, A review of Afrotropical Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), with descriptions of five new species of Asynaptini from KwaZulu-Natal Province South Africa, pp. 261-275 in Zootaxa 5244 (3) on pages 270-271, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5244.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7656363

Genus Asycampta Mamaev & Zaitzev, 1997 stat. nov. Mamaev & Zaitzev 1997: 11 (as subgenus of Pseudocamptomyia Parnell). Type species, Pseudocamptomyia palpata Mamaev & Zaitzev, 1997, by original designation., Published as part of Jaschhof, Mathias & Jaschhof, Catrin, 2023, A review of Afrotropical Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), with descriptions of five new species of Asynaptini from KwaZulu-Natal Province South Africa, pp. 261-275 in Zootaxa 5244 (3) on page 266, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5244.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7656363, {"references":["Mamaev, B. M. & Zaitzev, A. I. (1997) New genus and species of free-developing gall midges of the subfamily Porricondylinae from Somalia (Diptera, Cecidomyiinae). Journal of the Ukrainian Entomological Society, 3 (2), 5 - 13."]}

Redefinition of Asycampta within the Pseudocamptomyia group of genera (A) Context. Although not explicitely stated in the publication, Mamaev & Zaitzev’s (1997) decision to associate two new Asynaptini from Somalian material with the then monotypic, Nearctic genus Pseudocamptomyia (type species: Asynapta phosphila Felt), was presumably determined by male terminalia characters. While these authors ascribed one species (africana) to Pseudocamptomyia s. str., the other (palpata) was classified in a new subgenus, Asycampta, distinguished on three characters: the number of palpal segments, the dentition of the tarsal claws, and the outline of vein CuA. Asycampta was defined as having a foreshortened, 2-segmented palpus, toothless claws, and distinct vein CuA, whereas Pseudocamptomyia s. str. was characterized as having a long, 4-segmented palpus, unidentate claws, and indistinct vein CuA. While Mamaev & Zaitzev (1997) failed to clarify the meaning of “distinct” and “indistinct” with respect to vein CuA, the other two characters were useful for separating the two subgenera. The same system ceases to work, however, when additional species are taken into consideration. In Asycampta karkloofensis sp. nov., as described below, the 1-segmented palpus (supposedly indicative of Asycampta) occurs in combination with unidentate claws (supposedly indicative of Pseudocamptomyia). Also, vein CuA of A. karkloofensis sp. nov. extends to the wing margin, which matches the condition found in P. phosphila, but not the situation in P. africana, in which vein CuA is evanescent apically. Likewise, in Asycampta umngeni sp. nov. the presence of a 4-segmented palpus and unidentate claws (both supposedly indicative of Pseudocamptomyia) are associated with a vein CuA that extends to the wing margin and forms a fork with vein M 4 (whereas M 4 is purportedly absent in both Asycampta and Pseudocamptomyia). There are basically two different options to resolve the conflict between the subgeneric definitions proposed by Mamaev & Zaitzev (1997): on the one hand, Asycampta and Pseudocamptomyia are maintained as separate subgenera/genera and then need to be defined more precisely, on the other, both names are considered as synonyms. The situation becomes more complex with the inclusion of Zadbimyia Jaschhof & Jaschhof, a genus described from Costa Rica several years after the publication of Mamaev & Zaitzev’s (1997) paper (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2014). While Zadbimyia is variable regarding the characters discussed above (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2014, fig. 2), the basic construction of male terminalia structures is stable (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2014, fig. 4) and resembles that described here for three new species of Asycampta. This finding challenges the distinctness of Zadbimyia and Pseudocamptomyia (now including Asycampta) as postulated by Jaschhof & Jaschhof (2014). The decision here to maintain all three genera as discrete, rather than to subsume both Asycampta and Zadbimyia under a broad concept of Pseudocamptomyia, is backed by male morphological indicators (see below under B). As a further argument, at least Asycampta and Pseudocamptomyia + Zadbimyia likely have long, independent evolutionary histories that began with the separation of South America and Africa some 130 MYA. The sister group relationship postulated here for Pseudocamptomyia and Zadbimyia cannot be justified by synapomorphies, also because the states of several characters in Pseudocamptomyia are beyond judgement (see below). The morphology of Zadbimyia is, compared with Pseudocamptomyia, in many respects more advanced and largely similar to that of Asycampta. At this point Larimyia Fedotova & Sidorenko must be mentioned, a monotypic genus of Asynaptini occurring in the eastern Palearctic Region, the wing and terminalia of which (Fedotova & Sidorenko 2007, figs 84, 93) are reminiscent of the genera under discussion here. The original description does not, however, provide sufficient detail to permit any conclusions regarding the systematic position of Larimyia. (B) Definitions.The Pseudocamptomyia groupofgenera(synapomorphiesunderlined): Asycampta, Pseudocamptomyia and Zadbimyia form a generic group that differs from other Asynaptini in the following combination of male character states (females and larvae are unknown): the scape has a medial cluster of dense setae; the scutum lacks transparent windows; vein M 1+2 is always and vein M 4 usually absent; the gonostylus lacks a pectinate tooth; the parameres are merged medially to form the tegmen that is closely tied to the apex of the phallapodeme (only two species of Zadbimyia, the affiliation of which is disputable, have separate parameres); the structural complex made of tegmen and phallapodeme is equipped with processes and lobes of varying size, shape and orientation. Asycampta. Flagellomeral necks lack microtrichia; circumfila are irregularly, strongly looped. Both labellum and palpus are atrophied; the palpus, which is markedly shorter than the head height, has one to four setaebearing segments. Basitarsal spines are present. The gonostylar apex is either unmodified, equipped with a bunch of large microtrichia (spines), or reinforced by strong sclerotization and then without microtrichia. The geographical distribution is exclusively Afrotropical. The definition given here differs from that by Mamaev & Zaitzev (1997) for it emphasizes the distinctions separating Asycampta from both Zadbimyia and Pseudocamptomyia. Zadbimyia. Flagellomeral necks are, in most of the species, partly or entirely microtrichose; circumfila are irregularly, strongly looped. Both labellum and palpus are atrophied; the palpus, which is markedly shorter than the head height, has one to four setae-bearing segments. Basitarsal spines are present. The gonostylar apex is variously, densely microtrichose, with conspicuously large microtrichae (spines) being absent. The geographical distribution is exclusively Neotropical. Pseudocamptomyia. Flagellomeral necks lack microtrichia; circumfila are slightly sinuous. The palpus has four setae-bearing segments; its length, as well as the structure of the labella, are unknown, due to the poor condition of available specimens. Basitarsi have a microtrichose apical projection rather than a spine. The gonostylar apex is possibly equipped with one or several small spines, which cannot be decided from existing specimens. The geographical distribution is exclusively Nearctic. (C) Discussion. Besides Asynapta and Camptomyia, the Pseudocamptomyia group of genera represents a further extraordinarily speciose and complex subset of Asynaptini. One of the included genera, Zadbimyia, is remarkable for its regional and local diversity, with 47 species, both named and unnamed, known to be present in Costa Rica, including 35 species known to occur at a single site of cloud forest (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2014; unpublished data). The fact that the genus has not yet been found outside Costa Rica is certainly due to the shortage of surveys targeting Porricondylinae in the Neotropics. There is every indication that Asycampta plays a similar role in the Afrotropics. The three species described here as new were found co-occurring at a single site, and en passant rather than through targeted search. The same is true for the two species (including A. africana (Mamaev & Zaitzev) comb. nov.) described from Somalia. As a further indication of Asycampta ’s diversity, the five species now known of the genus exhibit great morphological complexity, which is comparable to that found in Zadbimyia. A number of issues regarding the Pseudocamptomyia group remain unresolved for the time being. It remains to be shown, for example, whether Pseudocamptomyia is exclusively Nearctic in distribution and as poor in species as present data suggest; whether Larimyia is a representative and if so the only representative of this genus-group in the Palearctic Region; whether Asycampta expands into the Oriental Region or whether the Pseudocamptomyia group has a different, yet unknown branch in that part of the world. It is obvious that the phylogenetic and biogeographic relations within the Pseudocamptomyia group remain as vague as those within the Asynaptini as a whole (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013). The single most important impediment to a better understanding of asynaptine inter-relationships is the shortage of basic taxonomic information regarding nonEuropean faunas. (D) Identification of Asycampta using male morphology. With only five species known at the present, certain nonterminalia characters suffice for their differentiation (Mamaev & Zaitzev 1997). Those characters may, to a large extent, be observed even in specimens stored in ethanol, meaning they are more readily accessible compared to terminalia characters, which require investigation by light microscopy. Considering the expectation that dozens of Asycampta species remain to be discovered and described, the specific diagnoses given below give major weight to terminalia structures, which in speciose genera of Asynaptini are proven to provide the only positive interspecific distinctions (e.g., Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013, 2014)., Published as part of Jaschhof, Mathias & Jaschhof, Catrin, 2023, A review of Afrotropical Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), with descriptions of five new species of Asynaptini from KwaZulu-Natal Province South Africa, pp. 261-275 in Zootaxa 5244 (3) on pages 264-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5244.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7656363, {"references":["Mamaev, B. M. & Zaitzev, A. I. (1997) New genus and species of free-developing gall midges of the subfamily Porricondylinae from Somalia (Diptera, Cecidomyiinae). Journal of the Ukrainian Entomological Society, 3 (2), 5 - 13.","Jaschhof, M. & Jaschhof, C. (2014) Zadbimyia, a new genus of asynaptine Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) with twenty-two new species from the cloud forest of Costa Rica. Zootax a, 3866 (1), 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3866.1.1","Fedotova, Z. A. & Sidorenko, V. S. (2007) New taxa of gall midges from tribes Porricondylini, Bryocryptini, Asynaptini and Winnertziini (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Porricondylinae) from the Russian Far East. International Journal of Dipterological Research, 18, 69 - 103.","Jaschhof, M. & Jaschhof, C. (2013) The Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Sweden, with notes on extralimital species. Studia dipterologica Supplement, 20, 1 - 392."]}

Camptomyia mostovskii Jaschhof & Jaschhof sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 092CCD38-6207-4521-8564-CAB67603F8B4 Figs 21–24 Differential diagnosis. An unusual species of Camptomyia, distinguished by the construction of the parameres. The dorsolateral portions form a pair of ovoid lobes the surfaces of which are clothed in thick microtrichia (Fig. 23, arrow 1), while the ventral portions, which are much less obvious, form a subrectangular, virtually transparent shield (Fig. 21, arrow 2). Parameres similar to those of C. mostovskii sp. nov. were described for Lobopedosis maritima Fedotova & Sidorenko, 2005, the type species of the monotypic genus Lobopedosis Fedotova & Sidorenko from Far East Russia (Fedotova & Sidorenko 2005, fig. 123). While Lobopedosis is currently recognized as a valid genus of Asynaptini (Gagné & Jaschhof 2021), observations here suggest L. maritima to be another unusual species of Camptomyia. This assumption should be considered carefully in future revisions of Palearctic Asynaptini. Male description. Body length 1.7 mm. Head. Eye bridge 7 ommatidia long at vertex. Antenna longer than body, with 17 flagellomeres, all with circumfila; apical flagellomere simple. Neck of fourth flagellomere 1.3 × as long as node (Fig. 24). Palpus 4-segmented, shorter than head height. Thorax. With 2 pronotal setae; 10 anepisternal setae; 8 anepimeral setae. Wing. Longer than body, length/width ratio 2.7. A short, faint portion of vein M 1+2 present at wing margin. Both vein M 4 and apical portion of vein CuA weak, although forming a fork and extending to wing margin. Legs. Foreleg with femur 1.2 × as long as tibia, T 2 not retained; midleg with femur 1.3 × as long as tibia, tibia 0.7 × as long as T 2. Claws moderately bent, 1 large basal tooth. Empodia vestigial. Terminalia. Ninth tergite with deeply incised posterior margin, anterior margin weakly contoured (Fig. 22). Gonocoxal synsclerite strongly narrowed anteriorly; anterior margin narrowly rounded, weakly contoured; ventral emargination broadly U-shaped, basal margin weakly contoured; dorsal apodemes thin, almost as long as the distance separating them (Fig. 21). Gonostylus twice as long as high, almost straight, slightly convex posteriorly, slightly tapered towards apex; basolateral apophysis small; apex with small pectinate tooth (Fig. 21). Phallapodeme consisting of a rodshaped portion basally and an elongate-subtriangular extension apically, both approximately same length (Fig. 23). Parameral apodemes moderate size (Fig. 23). Female unknown. Etymology. The specific epithet renders honor to the dipterist Mike B. Mostovski, who as the former Chief Curator contributed significantly to the development of the Diptera collection of the KwaZulu-Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. All the specimens studied here were collected by him. Type material. Holotype. Male, South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Karkloof Nature Reserve (29°19.1′S: 30°15.5′E), 1325 m elevation, mistbelt forest, 28.ix.–24.xi.2005, Malaise trap, M. Mostovski (NMSA-DIP 212004)., Published as part of Jaschhof, Mathias & Jaschhof, Catrin, 2023, A review of Afrotropical Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), with descriptions of five new species of Asynaptini from KwaZulu-Natal Province South Africa, pp. 261-275 in Zootaxa 5244 (3) on pages 272-273, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5244.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7656363, {"references":["Fedotova, Z. A. & Sidorenko, V. S. (2005) New species of gall midges of the subfamily Porricondylinae from the Russian Far East (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). International Journal of Dipterological Research, 16, 89 - 127.","Gagne, R. J. & Jaschhof, M. (2021) A Catalog of the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) of the World. 5 th Edition. Digital Version 4. Available from https: // www. ars. usda. gov / ARSUserFiles / 80420580 / Gagne _ Jaschhof _ 2021 _ World _ Cat _ 5 th _ Ed. pdf."]}

Asycampta karkloofensis Jaschhof & Jaschhof sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 25D8F346-14B5-4389-BAD5-A6266A1410DA Figs 1–5 Differential diagnosis. This is the only Asycampta in which the phallapodeme has a conspicuously broadened base (Fig. 4, arrow 1). The tegmen, which is strongly sclerotized, has a pair of large, virtually right-angled processes ventrally (Fig. 4, arrow 2), a pair of small, ventrad directed, horn-shaped processes lateroposteriorly (Fig. 4, arrow 3) and the parameral apodemes of unusually large size (Fig. 4, arrow 4). The gonostylus is peculiar in having a strongly sclerotized, cutting edge-like apex, which is devoid of vestiture (Fig. 2, arrow 5). The tegmen of A. palpata (from Somalia) resembles that of A. karkloofensis sp. nov. in having large, angled processes ventrally (Mamaev & Zaitzev 1997, fig. 3b), although the outline of these processes differs significantly, as does the structure of both the phallapodeme and the gonostylus. The structure of the tegminal apex as described for A. karkloofensis sp. nov. is similarly found in the other species of Asycampta, as well as the genus Zadbimyia (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2014). Male description. Body length 2.7 mm. Head. Eye bridge 10–11 ommatidia long at vertex. Antenna shorter than body, with 20 flagellomeres, all with circumfila; apical flagellomere subdivided. Neck of fourth flagellomere 0.4 × as long as node (Fig. 3). Labellum with several stiff setae apically. Palpus 1-segmented, with sparse setae. Thorax. Pronotum glabrous; 12 anepisternal setae; 6 anepimeral setae. Wing (Fig. 5). As long as body, length/ width ratio 2.5. Basal longitudinal vein markedly bent. Vein M 4 absent. Vein CuA extending to edge of wing. Legs. Foreleg with femur 1.1 × as long as tibia, T 2 not retained; midleg with femur 1.4 × as long as tibia, tibia 0.7 × as long as T 2. Claws moderately bent, 1 large basal tooth. Empodia vestigial. Terminalia. Ninth tergite (not illustrated) inconspicuous, subtrapezoid, sparsely setose. Gonocoxal synsclerite moderately narrowed anteriorly; anterior margin slightly, broadly rounded, reinforced by strong sclerotization; ventral emargination large, broadly U-shaped, lateral margins strongly sclerotized, basal margin slightly sinuous, with darkly pigmented margin devoid of vestiture; dorsal apodemes short, their lengths equal to distance separating them (Fig. 1). Gonostylus almost 2 × as long as high, slightly bent, moderately convex posteriorly, tapered towards apex, inner surface excavated; basolateral apophysis small; setae near apex clearly smaller than those elsewhere (Fig. 2). Phallapodeme about as long as tegmen, well sclerotized, broadened apically into pointed plate that incorporates the mouths of accessory gland ducts (Fig. 4). Tegminal apex seemingly 2-pointed, with the two points being connected by barely visible, transparent membrane, which results in a tubular or gutter-shaped structure (Fig. 4). Female unknown. Etymology. The specific epithet karkloofensis, an adjective, is derived from Karkloof Nature Reserve, the type locality of the species. Typematerialexamined. Holotype. Male, SouthAfrica, KwaZulu-Natal,KarkloofNatureReserve(29°19.1′S: 30°15.5′E), 1325 m elevation, mistbelt forest, 28.ix.–24.xi.2005, Malaise trap, M. Mostovski (NMSA-DIP 212000)., Published as part of Jaschhof, Mathias & Jaschhof, Catrin, 2023, A review of Afrotropical Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), with descriptions of five new species of Asynaptini from KwaZulu-Natal Province South Africa, pp. 261-275 in Zootaxa 5244 (3) on page 266, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5244.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7656363, {"references":["Mamaev, B. M. & Zaitzev, A. I. (1997) New genus and species of free-developing gall midges of the subfamily Porricondylinae from Somalia (Diptera, Cecidomyiinae). Journal of the Ukrainian Entomological Society, 3 (2), 5 - 13.","Jaschhof, M. & Jaschhof, C. (2014) Zadbimyia, a new genus of asynaptine Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) with twenty-two new species from the cloud forest of Costa Rica. Zootax a, 3866 (1), 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3866.1.1"]}

Asycampta karkloofensis Jaschhof & Jaschhof sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 25D8F346-14B5-4389-BAD5-A6266A1410DA Figs 1–5 Differential diagnosis. This is the only Asycampta in which the phallapodeme has a conspicuously broadened base (Fig. 4, arrow 1). The tegmen, which is strongly sclerotized, has a pair of large, virtually right-angled processes ventrally (Fig. 4, arrow 2), a pair of small, ventrad directed, horn-shaped processes lateroposteriorly (Fig. 4, arrow 3) and the parameral apodemes of unusually large size (Fig. 4, arrow 4). The gonostylus is peculiar in having a strongly sclerotized, cutting edge-like apex, which is devoid of vestiture (Fig. 2, arrow 5). The tegmen of A. palpata (from Somalia) resembles that of A. karkloofensis sp. nov. in having large, angled processes ventrally (Mamaev & Zaitzev 1997, fig. 3b), although the outline of these processes differs significantly, as does the structure of both the phallapodeme and the gonostylus. The structure of the tegminal apex as described for A. karkloofensis sp. nov. is similarly found in the other species of Asycampta, as well as the genus Zadbimyia (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2014). Male description. Body length 2.7 mm. Head. Eye bridge 10–11 ommatidia long at vertex. Antenna shorter than body, with 20 flagellomeres, all with circumfila; apical flagellomere subdivided. Neck of fourth flagellomere 0.4 × as long as node (Fig. 3). Labellum with several stiff setae apically. Palpus 1-segmented, with sparse setae. Thorax. Pronotum glabrous; 12 anepisternal setae; 6 anepimeral setae. Wing (Fig. 5). As long as body, length/ width ratio 2.5. Basal longitudinal vein markedly bent. Vein M 4 absent. Vein CuA extending to edge of wing. Legs. Foreleg with femur 1.1 × as long as tibia, T 2 not retained; midleg with femur 1.4 × as long as tibia, tibia 0.7 × as long as T 2. Claws moderately bent, 1 large basal tooth. Empodia vestigial. Terminalia. Ninth tergite (not illustrated) inconspicuous, subtrapezoid, sparsely setose. Gonocoxal synsclerite moderately narrowed anteriorly; anterior margin slightly, broadly rounded, reinforced by strong sclerotization; ventral emargination large, broadly U-shaped, lateral margins strongly sclerotized, basal margin slightly sinuous, with darkly pigmented margin devoid of vestiture; dorsal apodemes short, their lengths equal to distance separating them (Fig. 1). Gonostylus almost 2 × as long as high, slightly bent, moderately convex posteriorly, tapered towards apex, inner surface excavated; basolateral apophysis small; setae near apex clearly smaller than those elsewhere (Fig. 2). Phallapodeme about as long as tegmen, well sclerotized, broadened apically into pointed plate that incorporates the mouths of accessory gland ducts (Fig. 4). Tegminal apex seemingly 2-pointed, with the two points being connected by barely visible, transparent membrane, which results in a tubular or gutter-shaped structure (Fig. 4). Female unknown. Etymology. The specific epithet karkloofensis, an adjective, is derived from Karkloof Nature Reserve, the type locality of the species. Typematerialexamined. Holotype. Male, SouthAfrica, KwaZulu-Natal,KarkloofNatureReserve(29°19.1′S: 30°15.5′E), 1325 m elevation, mistbelt forest, 28.ix.–24.xi.2005, Malaise trap, M. Mostovski (NMSA-DIP 212000).

Asycampta mpofana Jaschhof & Jaschhof sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E9662A64-C3E8-4C4E-80AC-54FD7A6A5BAF Figs 6–10 Differential diagnosis. Asynapta mpofana sp. nov. is distinguished by the following combination of male terminalia characters. The gonostylar apex bears a bundle of short, dense spines apically (Fig. 6, arrow 1); the posterior margin of the ninth tergite has a reinforced, rectangular notch medially (Fig. 7, arrow 2); and the tegmen is peculiar in having a dual-chamber structure (Fig. 8, arrow 3), the large, seemingly 2-pointed apex (Fig. 8, arrow 4) and a bilobed, roughly V-shaped outgrowth ventrally of the phallapodeme (Fig. 8, arrow 5). The basic shape of the tegmen of the Somalian species A. africana is similar, although there are obvious differences in the details (Mamaev & Zaitzev 1997, fig. 3c). Male description. Body length 1.9 mm. Head. Eye bridge 6 ommatidia long at vertex. Antenna as long as body, with 21 flagellomeres, all with circumfila; apical flagellomere simple. Neck and node of fourth flagellomere equally long (Fig. 10). Labellum extremely small, glabrous. Palpus 1-segmented, with sparse setae. Thorax. Pronotum bare; 8 anepisternal setae; 6 anepimeral setae. Wing (Fig. 9). Slightly longer than body, length/width ratio 2.9. Basal longitudinal vein markedly bent. Vein M 4 absent. Vein CuA fading before wing margin. Legs. Foreleg with femur and tibia of equal length, tibia 0.9 × as long as T 2. Claws moderately bent, 1 large basal tooth. Empodia vestigial. Terminalia. Ninth tergite subtrapezoid, evenly setose (Fig. 7). Gonocoxal synsclerite strongly narrowed anteriorly, anterior edge narrowly rounded, weakly contoured; ventral emargination large, U-shaped, lateral margins moderately sclerotized, basal margin reinforced by sclerotization laterally, slightly convex, with indistinct, broad margin largely devoid of vestiture; dorsal apodemes long, their lengths equal to distance separating them (Fig. 6). Gonostylus 2.5 × as long as high, slightly bent, moderately convex posteriorly, tapered towards apex; basolateral apophysis large; setae near apex clearly smaller than those elsewhere (Fig. 6). Phallapodeme simply rod-shaped, clearly shorter than tegmen, well sclerotized, mouths of accessory gland ducts indistinct (Fig. 8). Parameral apodemes normal size (Fig. 8). Female unknown. Etymology. The specific epithet mpofana, a noun in apposition, refers to Mpofana, one of the local municipalities in which Karkloof Nature Reserve is located and type locality of the species. Type material examined. Holotype. Male, South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Karkloof Nature Reserve (29°19.1′S: 30°15.5′E), 1325 m elevation, mistbelt forest, 28.ix.–24.xi.2005, Malaise trap, M. Mostovski (NMSADIP 212001)., Published as part of Jaschhof, Mathias & Jaschhof, Catrin, 2023, A review of Afrotropical Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), with descriptions of five new species of Asynaptini from KwaZulu-Natal Province South Africa, pp. 261-275 in Zootaxa 5244 (3) on pages 267-269, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5244.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7656363, {"references":["Mamaev, B. M. & Zaitzev, A. I. (1997) New genus and species of free-developing gall midges of the subfamily Porricondylinae from Somalia (Diptera, Cecidomyiinae). Journal of the Ukrainian Entomological Society, 3 (2), 5 - 13."]}

Asycampta umngeni Jaschhof & Jaschhof, sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BB4EB2CA-C492-45FE-9F9D-7CB07C10C72D Figs 11–15 Differential diagnosis. The male of this small species is characterized by the following terminalia structures. The gonostylus is unmodified apically (Fig. 11, arrow 1); the posterior margin of the ninth tergite has a deep, V-shaped notch medially (Fig. 12, arrow 2); the gonocoxal ventral emargination is shallow, with broad, largely glabrous margin basally (Fig. 11, arrow 3); and the small tegmen has 2 pairs of processes, of which the ventral are T-shaped (Fig. 13, arrow 4) and the lateroposterior are thick and comma-shaped (Fig. 13, arrow 5). This is the only Asycampta for which the venation includes a posterior fork formed by veins M 4 and CuA (Fig. 14). Male description. Body length 1.2 mm. Head. Eye bridge 4 ommatidia long at vertex.Antenna as long as body, with 15 flagellomeres, all with circumfila; apical flagellomere subdivided. Neck of fourth flagellomere 1.25 × as long as node (Fig. 15). Labellum with several stiff setae apically. Palpus with 4 setae-bearing segments. Thorax. Pronotum glabrous; 3 anepisternal setae; 2 anepimeral setae. Wing (Fig. 14). Slightly longer than body, length/ width ratio 2.8. Basal longitudinal vein nearly straight. Both veins M 4 and CuA weak, extending to wing margin. Legs. Foreleg with femur and tibia of equal length, tibia 1.1 × as long as T 2. Claws moderately bent, 1 large, pale basal tooth. Empodia vestigial. Terminalia. Ninth tergite with unusual, characteristic outline, setae arranged in 2 lateral clusters (Fig. 12). Gonocoxal synsclerite strongly narrowed anteriorly; anterior margin broadly rounded, weakly contoured; posterior portions of dorsal apodemes characteristically angled; anterior portions long, their lengths equal to distance separating them (Fig. 11). Gonostylus 2 × as long as high, straight, slightly flattened, moderately convex posteriorly, slightly tapered towards apex; basolateral apophysis normally sized; setae near apex conspicuously small (Fig. 11). Phallapodeme simply rod-shaped, as long as tegmen, well sclerotized, mouths of accessory gland ducts indistinct (Fig. 13). Seemingly 2-pointed apex of tegmen small; parameral apodemes normal size (Fig. 13). Etymology. The specific epithet umngeni is a noun in apposition and refers to uMngeni, a local municipality in which the Karkloof Nature Reserve is located and type locality of the species. Type material examined. Holotype. Male, South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Karkloof Nature Reserve (29°19.1′S: 30°15.5′E), 1325 m elevation, mistbelt forest, 28.ix.–24.xi.2005, Malaise trap, M. Mostovski (NMSADIP 212002)., Published as part of Jaschhof, Mathias & Jaschhof, Catrin, 2023, A review of Afrotropical Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), with descriptions of five new species of Asynaptini from KwaZulu-Natal Province South Africa, pp. 261-275 in Zootaxa 5244 (3) on pages 269-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5244.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7656363

We describe a gall midge Parampelomyia yukawai Elsayed and Tokuda gen. nov. sp. nov. belonging to the subtribe Schizomyiina (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Asphondyliini) based on an integrative taxonomic study. This species forms barely-swollen flower bud galls on the porcelain berry Ampelopsis brevipedunculata var. heterophylla (Vitaceae) in Japan. The new genus is distinguishable from all known schizomyiine genera by tarsomere I lacking a ventroapical extension, the bulbous base of the protrusible portion of the ovipositor, the fused and sclerotized female cerci, the bidentate gonostylus, and the larval terminal abdominal segment that bears two corniform, two asetose and six setose papillae. The new genus is compared with and separated from the similar genera Schizomyia and Ampelomyia morphologically and phylogenetically.

Apricot flower midge (Contarinia pruniflorum) emerged in February-March and lay eggs on the flower buds of the apricot trees. The larvae hatching feeds through the bud wall and flower genital organs. The damaged flower does not turn into fruit. It is a pest that directly affects the yield.prevalence areas in apricot orchards in Malatya (Turkey) and the damage rate were determined. The highest infestation rate of the pest is in Kale and Battalgazi districts of Malatya and Baskil district of Elazığ with 100 %, then, Yeşilyurt 95%,Yazıhan 90%,Akçadağ 76%, Darende 75%, Kuluncak 50%, Arguvan 50% and Doğanşehir 12.5% followed by infestation rates. No pests were found in the orchards which were controlled in Hekimhan district of Malatya and Elbistan district of Kahramanmaraş. Although the damage rate varies according to years, it was determined that the flower damage rate was 0.7% and the fruit set rate was 10.6 % in orchard in Kale where the pest control is done, while the damage rate was 11.8% and the fruit set rate was 2.9% in the orchard without pest control in 2017.In 2018, when compared with orchards with or without pest control, while there was damage in the number of flowers, but there was no change in the amount of fruit.

Synopeas from New Guinea is revised, including 16 new species and four previously named species. The concepts for these species were developed in conjunction with a CO1 analysis that includes 16 New Guinean species and 3 Synopeas species from other regions. The molecular analysis determined that the New Guinea fauna does not form a clade, indicating multiple migrations. The following species are described and keyed: S. amandae Awad, sp. nov.; S. anunu Awad, sp. nov.; S. butterilli Buhl; S. codex Awad, sp. nov.; S. csoszi Buhl; S. kalubia Awad, sp. nov.; S. kiki Awad, sp. nov.; S. kira Awad, sp. nov.; S. klingunculum Awad, sp. nov.; S. luli Awad, sp. nov.; S. occultum Awad, sp. nov.; S. pattiae Awad, sp. nov.; S. psychotriae Buhl; S. pterocarpi Buhl; S. pulupulu Awad, sp. nov.; S. roncavei Awad, sp. nov.; S. sanga Awad, sp. nov.; S. toto Awad, sp. nov.; S. valavala Awad, sp. nov.; S. zhangi Awad, sp. nov.Leptacis pleuralis (Buhl), comb. nov. is transferred from Synopeas. Images of 56 holotypes of Synopeas are made publicly available online.

Studying the diversification patterns of species-rich phytophagous insect taxa can help us understand the factors that cause species diversification. We conducted a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial COI gene of larvae of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) using three genetically differentiated morphs of Cimicifuga simplex plants and found that the gall midges could be divided into five major clades. Gall midges collected from morph I of C. simplex belonged to four Schizomyia clades. Gall midges collected from morph II of C. simplex belonged to one of the four Schizomyia clades collected from morph I. Gall midges collected from morph III belonged one Contarinia clade. On morphs I and II of C. simplex, the Schizomyia species induced galls on the flower bud, whereas on morph III of C. simplex, the Contarinia species was collected from normal fruits (not gall inducer); thus, morph III plants were used differently by gall midges than plants of morphs I and II. These results indicate that the cryptic diversity of these phytophagous insects correspond to that of plant ecotypes, and suggests that the diversification of the host plant contributed to parallel diversification of the phytophagous gall midges.

Apricot is an important good produced in Turkey in terms of its quantities of production and economic value. As it needs intensive labour in both cultivation and marketing, apricot production crates a large amount of employment opportunities. Unfortunately, apricot producers have faced a new serious pest damage in recent years. This pest causes significant apricot yield losses by feeding over apricot flowers. Therefore, identification of the pest is important to take immediate measures. This study was conducted at apricot orchards in the province of Malatya in 2015–2016. Field studies and surveys were carried out weekly from the beginning of February to the second week of April. During the surveys, adults and larvae were collected and prepared for molecular analyses and morphological identification. Contarinia pruniflorum Coutin & Rambier (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) was identified by molecular characterisation and morphological analyses by a specialist. This study is the first in terms of molecular characterisation of C. pruniflorum by using COI gene sequence. Identification of this pest provides an idea about which control method should be used and when such measures should be taken. In this study, we reconstructed the molecular phylogeny and analysed the genetic difference of C. pruniflorum by using mitochondrial COI sequences.

In Turkey, mushroom flies (Diptera: Phoridae, Sciaridae, Scatopsidae, Cecidomyiidae) are the most serious insect pest problems, affecting the cultivation of white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach (Agaricaceae). The light traps used against these pests are of low efficiency because they have normally been designed to catch houseflies or other large flies. The aims of this study were: (i) to design a new electric light trap that can effectively catch mushroom flies of all sizes (0.6 to 5 mm long), and (ii) to evaluate its efficiency in controlling mushroom flies by mass trapping of their adults. A two-year collaboration between the authors and a local company (Kekova Energy, Antalya, Turkey) was carried out to design this type of light trap. After developing the trap, its efficiency against mushroom flies was tested in two separate mushroom growing periods, and experiments were conducted in two mushroom production rooms of a local company (Akse Mantar, Korkuteli, Antalya). In each growing period, in one room, the light trap was tested at a density of 1 trap/15 m2, whereas in the other room, traditional growing system, based largely on the use of synthetic insecticides against mushroom flies, was implemented for comparison. Results showed that mass trapping using the new-designed light trap reduced the incidence of sporophore damage by the larvae of mushroom flies in both growing periods and resulted in significantly lower damage rates (8.8% and 11.3% in the first and second growing periods, respectively) when compared with the traditional room (19.1% and 24.8%, respectively). Moreover, significant yield increase in both growing periods occurred in the light trap room (4.4 and 4.0 kg total yield/15 kg packaged-pasteurized and spawned compost) compared with traditional room (3.6 and 3.3 kg, respectively). Results suggested that mass trapping using the new-designed light trap can be used as a viable alternative to insecticides in the control of mushroom flies.

Orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), has been successfully reared in the laboratory for more than 20 years in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The rearing method has been developed to the point where it efficiently produces large numbers of wheat midge continuously under laboratory conditions for use in experiments on wheat midge biology and for screening wheat lines for crop resistance. Adult survival was extended by providing high humidity, and oviposition was increased by simulating natural dawn and dusk conditions and by supplying preflowering spring wheat to adults. Preventing desiccation of the wheat midge larvae in the wheat spikes before overwintering in soil and providing optimal cold conditions for a long enough period to break larval diapause enabled successful adult emergence. We provide data to facilitate the coordination of timing of wheat midge emergence from diapause with the wheat susceptible period. The method can be readily scaled up for screening many lines for resistance or scaled down for small experiments. Here, we report details of the rearing method so that others can implement it for research on the management of this internationally important pest.

Maia, Valéria Cid (2022): A new species of gall midge (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) associated with Pleroma raddianum (DC.) Gardner (Myrtales: Melastomatacea), an endenic plant to Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 62: 1-10, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.062, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.062

Eltxo grimaldii sp. nov. (Figs 1, 2) LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8A273D67-2B1B-4798- A67B-5D2E8AFE245B Holotype. Specimen ES- 07-40, female, housed at the Institutional Collection from the El Soplao Cave (Government of Cantabria), Celis, Cantabria, Northern Spain. It is virtually complete but lacking the apices of the two antennae and distal parts of all the legs except one of the metathoracic legs, due to the limits of the amber fragment that contains it. The specimen is in a small fragment of amber, 4 × 3 × 1 mm in size, and embedded in a regular prism of epoxy resin, 23 × 9 × 1 mm in size, for optimal viewing and curation. No syninclusions were detected. Etymology. Honoring Dr David Grimaldi (AMNH), for his relevant contributions on fossil insects and amber. Diagnosis. Female. The new species differs from the only species described, Eltxo cretaceus (which was based on a unique male), by the following features: distal section of R 1 vein elongate, vein M present in a short basal part and evanescent, arculus vein contacting M very basal and CuA vein contacting wing margin distad level of basal section of Rs. Locality and horizon. Middle Albian amber outcrop of Rábago-El Soplao (near Rábago village, Cantabria, northern Spain), Peñosas Fm. (Najarro et al., 2009, 2010). Description. Female (Figs 1, 2). Body length ca. 1.1 mm. Antennae with only scape, pedicel and 4–5 flagellomeres preserved due to limits of amber fragment (Figs 1D, 2A): preservation of flagellomeres preventing identification of potential sensoria. Ocelli absent. Palpi three-segmented and elongate (Figs 1E, 2B), with palpomeres subequal, distal palpomere slightly longer than others, palpomeres 2.5 times longer than wide; other mouthpart structures obscure. Wing 1.11 mm long, 0.45 mm wide. Wing venation reduced (Figs 1F, 2C). C extending beyond Rs with a clear end. Apex of R1 at half wing lenght.Apex of Rs meeting C just beyond wing apex. Sc preserved. Basal section of Rs slightly evanescent. Vein M present in a short basal part and evanescent. Vein CuA unforked and evanescent at its apex; apex of CuA well distad level of basal section of Rs. Arculus present, with distal half evanescent, contacting M very close to separation of M and CuA. Wings with dense microtrichia and sparse macrotrichia. Wing margin with setae in costal margin and macrotrichia in posterior margin (but only very few of them still visible) (Fig. 1B, C). Distal portions of legs not preserved due to limits of the amber fragment, except to a complete metathoracic leg, which is long and setose, with five tarsomeres; tarsomere 1 longer than 2 (Figs 1H, 2D). All tibiae lacking tibial spurs. Pretarsal claws short and with a small basal prolongation with rounded apex; empodium insconspicuous (Fig. 1G). Abdomen 0.56 mm long (up to the cerci apices). Genitalia obscure, but long ovipositor (0.20 mm); contour of the cerci well visible in lateral view., Published as part of PEÑALVER, ENRIQUE, ARILLO, ANTONIO & NEL, ANDRÉ, 2022, A review of the Cretaceous genus Eltxo (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) with description of the new species Eltxo grimaldii from El Soplao amber, pp. 461-467 in Palaeoentomology 5 (5) on page 462, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.5.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7333739, {"references":["Najarro, M., Penalver, E., Rosales, I., Perez-de la Fuente, R., Daviero-Gomez, V., Gomez, B. & Delclos, X. (2009) Unusual concentration of Early Albian arthropod - bearing amber in the Basque-Cantabrian Basin (El Soplao, Cantabria, northern Spain): Palaeoenvironmental and palaeobiological implications. Geologica Acta, 7, 363 - 387. https: // doi. org / 10.1344 / 105.000001443","Najarro, M., Penalver, E., Rosales, I., Soriano, C., Perez-de la Fuente, R., Menor-Salvan, C., Lopez del Valle, R., Ortega- Blanco, J. & Delclos, X. (2010) A review of the El Soplao amber outcrop, Early Cretaceous of Cantabria (Spain). Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 84, 959 - 976. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1755 - 6724.2010.00258. x"]}

A new species, Eltxo grimaldii sp. nov., is described from Spanish Lower Cretaceous (middle Albian) amber from El Soplao, based on a single female. The new species is compared with the other only known species of the genus, Eltxo cretaceus Arillo & Nel, 2000, based on a single male specimen also found in Spanish amber, but slightly younger (Peñacerrada I amber; upper Albian). The holotype of E. cretaceus is reviewed and its description corrected and expanded, providing the first micrographs of its anatomical features. The holotype of the new fossil species is the only female specimen known of the cecidomyiid tribe Amediini Jaschhof, 2021, a tribe recently described after changes of taxonomic attribution of the genus Eltxo during the last 20 years.

Eltxo grimaldii sp. nov. (Figs 1, 2) LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8A273D67-2B1B-4798- A67B-5D2E8AFE245B Holotype. Specimen ES- 07-40, female, housed at the Institutional Collection from the El Soplao Cave (Government of Cantabria), Celis, Cantabria, Northern Spain. It is virtually complete but lacking the apices of the two antennae and distal parts of all the legs except one of the metathoracic legs, due to the limits of the amber fragment that contains it. The specimen is in a small fragment of amber, 4 × 3 × 1 mm in size, and embedded in a regular prism of epoxy resin, 23 × 9 × 1 mm in size, for optimal viewing and curation. No syninclusions were detected. Etymology. Honoring Dr David Grimaldi (AMNH), for his relevant contributions on fossil insects and amber. Diagnosis. Female. The new species differs from the only species described, Eltxo cretaceus (which was based on a unique male), by the following features: distal section of R 1 vein elongate, vein M present in a short basal part and evanescent, arculus vein contacting M very basal and CuA vein contacting wing margin distad level of basal section of Rs. Locality and horizon. Middle Albian amber outcrop of Rábago-El Soplao (near Rábago village, Cantabria, northern Spain), Peñosas Fm. (Najarro et al., 2009, 2010). Description. Female (Figs 1, 2). Body length ca. 1.1 mm. Antennae with only scape, pedicel and 4–5 flagellomeres preserved due to limits of amber fragment (Figs 1D, 2A): preservation of flagellomeres preventing identification of potential sensoria. Ocelli absent. Palpi three-segmented and elongate (Figs 1E, 2B), with palpomeres subequal, distal palpomere slightly longer than others, palpomeres 2.5 times longer than wide; other mouthpart structures obscure. Wing 1.11 mm long, 0.45 mm wide. Wing venation reduced (Figs 1F, 2C). C extending beyond Rs with a clear end. Apex of R1 at half wing lenght.Apex of Rs meeting C just beyond wing apex. Sc preserved. Basal section of Rs slightly evanescent. Vein M present in a short basal part and evanescent. Vein CuA unforked and evanescent at its apex; apex of CuA well distad level of basal section of Rs. Arculus present, with distal half evanescent, contacting M very close to separation of M and CuA. Wings with dense microtrichia and sparse macrotrichia. Wing margin with setae in costal margin and macrotrichia in posterior margin (but only very few of them still visible) (Fig. 1B, C). Distal portions of legs not preserved due to limits of the amber fragment, except to a complete metathoracic leg, which is long and setose, with five tarsomeres; tarsomere 1 longer than 2 (Figs 1H, 2D). All tibiae lacking tibial spurs. Pretarsal claws short and with a small basal prolongation with rounded apex; empodium insconspicuous (Fig. 1G). Abdomen 0.56 mm long (up to the cerci apices). Genitalia obscure, but long ovipositor (0.20 mm); contour of the cerci well visible in lateral view.

The olive leaf gall midge (Dasineura oleae) is a gall-inducing insect on leaves, branches and stems of flowers of olive trees. Heavy infestation with the insect causes significant reduction in olive production. The outbreak of the insect occurs in various local regions of olive production in the Mediterranean countries since 2010 causing serious damage on infested trees. No previous revisions have been made on the control measures of D. oleae, and no specific integrated control programs of this insect were implemented to manage the insect outbreak. Therefore, the present review aimed at, first, revising and discussing the research conducted on the control measures of D. oleae and then suggesting a specific integrated control program for a better management of this insect during the outbreaks. The suggested program is mainly relying on biological control of D. oleae using native parasitoids as the main component. The other components of the program (e.g., using yellow sticky traps, pruning infested olive organs with the insect then burning them, and irrigating trees properly during the hot months of summer and fall seasons) should be applied if the suppression of the insect population by the native parasitoids is not enough. This review discusses the potential implementation of the suggested program and provides some conclusions and recommendations for guiding and improving the future research on this pest.

The daylily gall midge, Contarinia quinquenotata (Loew) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is an ornamental pest of daylilies, Hemerocallis spp. Linneas (Asphodelaceae). Originally native to Asia, this pest was accidentally introduced to western North America, and it is believed to occur throughout other parts of North America even though its presence has not been confirmed. Using an online survey of gardeners across Canada’s “Maritimes” (the region that includes the provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island), we determined that symptoms of the pest occurred at multiple sites across Nova Scotia, but we received no reports from Prince Edward Island or New Brunswick. Sequencing the cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene of the samples submitted by community scientists, we confirmed the daylily gall midge occurs at multiple sites across Nova Scotia. A common garden study that included 517 daylily varieties found that yellow-flowering varieties were almost twice as likely to be affected as nonyellow varieties. Early-flowering varieties were more likely to be attacked than later-flowering varieties. For each day that the date at first flowering was delayed, the likelihood of gall midge attack decreased by 16%. To avoid or mitigate damage where the daylily gall midge occurs, selecting late-flowering varieties with nonyellow flowers can be a useful complement to destructing infested flower buds.

We undertook a DNA barcoding analysis on insect larvae occurring in bamboo galls from central Japan and showed that most of them were assigned to Cecidomyiidae.

Twenty-three species of Tetrastichinae (Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae) in the genera Aprostocetus, Sigmophora and Quadrastichus are reported as parasitoids of gall-inducing Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) from collections mainly from Kent, England. Information on hosts, emergence periods and the sex ratio are given for each species.

The hidden diversity and interactions of gall midges (Cecidomyiidae), their associated microfungal symbiont(s), and parasitoid wasps in temperate saltmarshes have been little studied in Australia. Over a period of two years, we investigated the gall-associated communities of the dominant saltmarsh plants, Tecticornia arbuscula and Salicornia quinqueflora, across south-eastern Australian coastal and inland salt-lake sites. We discovered that i) many gall midge species are more widely distributed than previously thought; ii) co-distribution of species affecting different plant organs on the same host is also widespread; iii) diversity of gall midges (6 species previously named; 5 species identified here as new) and parasitoid wasps (17 sp. prov.) is likely higher than we uncovered; iv) parasitoid wasps associated with gall midges belonged to diverse lineages and appear to be widespread generalists; v) while the microfungus usually associated with most Cecidomyiinae larval chambers is Botryosphaeria dothidea, we discovered a provisional new species of Botryosphaeria associated with a novel Asphondylia sp. in western South Australia. We also show that targeted amplicon sequencing is a valuable tool for investigating all components of multi-trophic level systems. Our research has contributed to a greater understanding of the basic biology of gall midge interactions within temperate saltmarsh ecosystems in southern Australia, and highlights the value of investigating all trophic levels in these complex interactions simultaneously.

Dentifibula obtusilobae Felt Fig. 11. Dentifibula obtusilobae Felt 1915: 176. Sri Lanka: Peradeniya, Botanic Gardens, syntypes (male and two females) in New York State Museum, Albany, USA. One of the few reared species of Dentifibula, it was reared from Pinnaspis aspidistrae (Signoret) (Diaspididae) (as Hemichionspis aspidistrae) and a few specimens of Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret) (Diaspididae) (as Aspidiotus lataniae) found in the Royal Botanic Gardens in Paradeniya, Sri Lanka, on Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae) It is known from a male and two females, all poorly mounted in Canada balsam without benefit of clearing. Harris (1968) in his revision of cecidomyiids preying on coccoids stated that the material of this species was limited in quantity and quality so that their usefulness was questionable. The recognizable parts of the male terminalia (Fig. 11) are the apically pointed gonocoxites with an apical sensory peg, a generally cylindrical gonostylus, and a straight aedeagus that is about three-fourths the length of the gonocoxites. One of the females fits the genus with its elongate flagellomere necks and numerous, short, ventral cercal setae, but the other female lacks its head and the cerci are obscured. One supposes D. obtusilobae could be found again at the type locality., Published as part of Gagné, Raymond J. & Bertone, Matthew A., 2022, Redescription of Dentifibula viburni (Felt) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and review of the genus, pp. 583-592 in Zootaxa 5175 (5) on page 591, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5175.5.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7009594, {"references":["Felt, E. P. (1915) New Asian gall midges. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 23, 173 - 184.","Harris, K. M. (1968) A systematic revision and biological review of the cecidomyiid predators (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) on world Coccoidea. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 119, 409 - 494. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1968. tb 00504. x"]}

Dentifibula nigroapicalis Kolesik Dentifibula nigroapicalis Kolesik in Kolesik & De Faveri 2014: 100, holotype in South Australian Museum, Adelaide, South Australia. This is known from a series reared from Aulacaspis australis Brimblecombe (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in Cairns, Queensland, Australia. The hypoproct is slightly concave apically and bears a single seta on each lobe; the gonocoxite has a sensory peg at its narrowed apex; the gonostylus is narrowest at midlength with a prominent apical tooth, and the aedeagus, not counting the apodeme, is barely half the length of the gonocoxites, much the shortest of any species of Dentifibula. The female shows the characteristic field of short, ventral setae found also in all Lestodiplosis species., Published as part of Gagné, Raymond J. & Bertone, Matthew A., 2022, Redescription of Dentifibula viburni (Felt) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and review of the genus, pp. 583-592 in Zootaxa 5175 (5) on page 590, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5175.5.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7009594, {"references":["Kolesik, P. & De Faveri, S. (2014) A new gall midge of the genus Dentifibula (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a predator of the scale insect Aulacaspis australis feeding on mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. Austral Entomology, 53, 99 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / aen. 12057"]}

Dentifibula Felt Dentifibula Felt 1908: 385, 389 (type species, Cecidomyia viburni Felt, original designation). Muirodiplosis Grover 1965: 111 (type species, spinosa Grover (original designation); Gagné 1973a: 500 (junior synonym of Dentifibula). Diagnosis. Dentifibula belongs to the Lestodiplosini whose larvae are predaceous on various insects and mites (Gagné & Jaschhof 2021). A key to genera can be found in Gagné (2018). Only two characters separate adults of this genus from the more speciose and diverse Lestodiplosis. The first difference is the prominent conical extension in Dentifibula of the gonocoxites beyond the insertion of the gonostylus (Figs 6–7); the second is the presence of only two circumfila instead of three on each of the male flagellomeres (Fig. 3). This second character is not exclusive because an undescribed species of Dentifibula from Australia is known with three circumfila on each flagellomere (Kolesik & De Faveri 2014) and a few Lestodiplosis spp, are known with two or an incomplete third (Harris 1968). The single distinctive character of the gonocoxite may seem a minor difference on which to base a genus but there is no reason to believe it arose more than once. The only two well-known species, D. viburni and Dentifibula nigroapicalis Kolesik (in Kolesik & De Faveri 2014), show distinctive dark spots on the wing and light- and dark-banded legs, so possibly all the other species do also. This has not been noted in the other species because the dark scales responsible for the marks are lost in slide preparations. Felt (1907, 1908, 1918) did not mention maculations on D. viburni because he probably saw his specimens only on slides after preparation by an assistant. Felt incorrectly described the palpi of his three manifestations of D. viburni (and later of his two Sri Lankan species) as having three segments. He used this to characterize his genus, but the palpi of his Dentifibula species are actually four-segmented. The first palpal segment in these species is short and usually partially hidden, but always has a telltale seta or setae, marking it as a true segment and not the palpiger (Fig. 5). Larvae are known of only two species, D. viburni and D. nigroapicalis. Those of D. viburni could pass for any Lestodiplosis with their robust head, very long antennae, ventral pseudopods and dorsal anus. The arrangement of the papillae is particularly diagnostic for the lateral and sternal papillae (Figs 12–13). Kolesik & De Faveri (2014), while showing in photographs and drawings what otherwise resembles a Dentifibula / Lestodiplosis, describe their larva as having a ventral anus and lacking pseudopods. Kolesik (pers. comm., V-28-2022) wrote that the single slide-mounted larval specimen in his series of D. nigroapicalis is a tiny, poor specimen that does not allow certainty about those characters. Kolesik & De Faveri (2014) also noted the lack of a sternal spatula on their species, but the larva is so small it might be a second instar that would normally lack that organ. We note here an exclusive larval feature of both Dentifibula and Lestodiplosis: Two sternal papillae are evident on the prothorax and four on the eighth abdominal segment but are missing on the remaining segments (Fig. 12). To account for the missing sternal papillae, Möhn (1955) suggested that sternal papillae of Lestodiplosis were transformed into pseudopods in the remaining thoracic and abdominal segments. This might account for the pair of pseudopods on the meso- and metathorax, but does not explain how in the first through seventh abdominal segments there are only three pseudopods in place of the erstwhile four sternal papillae. If Möhn’s hypothesis is correct, the middle of three abdominal pseudopods, placed along the horizontal line where the sternal papillae would be, might have subsumed two of the erstwhile four sternal papillae., Published as part of Gagné, Raymond J. & Bertone, Matthew A., 2022, Redescription of Dentifibula viburni (Felt) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and review of the genus, pp. 583-592 in Zootaxa 5175 (5) on page 584, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5175.5.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7009594, {"references":["Felt, E. P. (1908) Appendix D. In: His 23 d report of the State Entomologist on injurious and other insects of the State of New York 1907. New York State Museum Bulletin, 124, pp. 286 - 422 + 489 - 510, pls. 33 - 34.","Grover, P. (1965) Studies of Indian gall midges XV: One new genus and one new species of Bifilini (Cecidomyiidae: Diptera). Marcellia, 32, 111 - 126.","Gagne, R. J. (1973 a) Family Cecidomyiidae. In: Delfinado, M. D. & Hardy. D. E., A Catalog of the Diptera of the Oriental Region. Vol. I. Order Nematocera. The University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, pp. 480 - 517.","Gagne, R. J. & Jaschhof, M. (2021) A Catalog of the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) of the World. 5 th Edition, 813 pp. Available from: https: // www. ars. usda. gov / ARSUserFiles / 80420580 / Gagne _ Jaschhof _ 2021 _ World _ Cat _ 5 th _ Ed. pdf (accessed 7 June 2022)","Gagne, R. J. (2018) Key to Adults of North American genera of the Subfamily Cecidomyiinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Zootaxa, 4392 (3), 401 - 457. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4392.3.1","Kolesik, P. & De Faveri, S. (2014) A new gall midge of the genus Dentifibula (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a predator of the scale insect Aulacaspis australis feeding on mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. Austral Entomology, 53, 99 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / aen. 12057","Harris, K. M. (1968) A systematic revision and biological review of the cecidomyiid predators (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) on world Coccoidea. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 119, 409 - 494. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1968. tb 00504. x","Felt, E. P. (1907) New species of Cecidomyiidae. New York State Education Department. Albany, 53 pp.","Felt, E. P. (1918) Appendix: A study of gall midges VI. In: His 33 rd Report of the State Entomologist on injurious and other insects of the State of New York 1917. New York State Museum Bulletin, 202, pp. 76 - 205 + 213 - 230, pls. 4 - 12.","Mohn, E. (1955) Beitrage zur Systematik der Larven der Itonididae (= Cecidomyiidae, Diptera). 1. Teil: Porricondylinae und Itonidinae Mitteleuropas. Zoologica, 105 (1 & 2), 1 - 247, 30 pls."]}

Dentifibula turkmenorum Mamaev Dentifibula turkmenorum Mamaev 1986: 65. Holotype in Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo, Japan. This species is known only from the holotype male caught in flight in Ipaï-Kala, Kopetdag, Turkmenistan. The superficial illustration accompanying the description shows a narrow gonocoxite with three short setae apically, a mostly evenly cylindrical gonostylus, and an elongate, evenly cylindrical aedeagus nearly as long as the gonocoxite., Published as part of Gagné, Raymond J. & Bertone, Matthew A., 2022, Redescription of Dentifibula viburni (Felt) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and review of the genus, pp. 583-592 in Zootaxa 5175 (5) on page 591, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5175.5.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7009594, {"references":["Mamaev, B. M. (1986) New gall midges from Turkmenistan (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Turkmenskoi SSR, Seriya Biologicheskikh Nauk, 1986, 65 - 68. [in Russian]"]}

Dentifibula marikovskajae Fedotova & Sidorenko Dentifibula marikovskajae Fedotova & Sidorenko 2004: 98, holotype in Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Illustrations of the terminalia for this species known from two males caught in flight in Kamenushka, 30 km SE of Ussuriysk Primorskiï Territory, Eastern Siberia, Russia, are difficult to interpret because of their evidently skewed mounts. The hypoproct is blunt apically with eight short setae; one gonocoxite shows a single sensory peg at its apex but its companion shows two; the gonostylus appears narrowest at midlength on one specimen and at the distal third on the other; and the aedeagus appears slightly shorter than the gonocoxite in both drawings but is curved at the base in one and at midlength on the other., Published as part of Gagné, Raymond J. & Bertone, Matthew A., 2022, Redescription of Dentifibula viburni (Felt) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and review of the genus, pp. 583-592 in Zootaxa 5175 (5) on page 590, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5175.5.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7009594, {"references":["Fedotova, Z. A. & Sidorenko, V. S. (2004) New taxa of gall midges from Russian Far East (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Entomofauna: Zeitschrift fur Entomologie, 25, 97 - 115."]}