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Dear Editor: Alopecia areata (AA) is a form of alopecia whose prevalence ranges from 0 [...]

Objectives Compassion-based interventions (CBIs) are effective in promoting mental health. However, the mechanisms through which CBIs produce these positive outcomes are not fully known. The amount of meditation practice in CBIs has been associated with the outcomes but the role of quality of practice has not yet been explored. Thus, in addition to examining the contribution of the Compassion Practice Quality Scale (CPQS) to predicting the main outcomes of a CBI (compassion cultivation training), the current study explored the scale’s construct validity and sensitivity to change. Methods Data were drawn from a pretest–posttest study design (n = 74), and compassion practice quality, positive self-compassion, negative self-compassion, difficulties in emotion regulation, and body awareness were assessed. Results The CPQS was found to be a valid and reliable measure, showing pretest–posttest differences. Overall, CPQS baseline scores were positively associated with positive self-compassion and body awareness and negatively associated with negative self-compassion and difficulties in emotion regulation. Moreover, compassion practice quality explained a significant amount of variance in positive self-compassion (ΔR2 = .18, ΔF (4, 31) = 2.69, p = .049), after controlling for baseline positive self-compassion, previous meditation experience, and frequency of formal practice during the CBI. Conclusions The findings confirm the significance of compassion practice quality and the usefulness of the CPQS in compassion research. Future studies should continue to investigate the psychometric properties of the CPQS, describing the daily or weekly evolution of compassion practice and developing specific pedagogical strategies to foster compassion practice quality within CBIs.

The network formed by the brainstem, cerebellum, and hippocampus occupies a central position to achieve navigation. Multiple physiological functions are implicated in this complex behavior. Among these, control of the eye–head and body movements is crucial. The gaze-holding system realized by the brainstem oculomotor neural integrator (ONI) situated in the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi and fine-tuned by the contribution of different regions of the cerebellum assumes the stability of the image on the fovea. This function helps in the recognition of environmental targets and defining appropriate navigational pathways further elaborated by the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus. In this context, an enigmatic brainstem area situated in front of the ONI, the nucleus incertus (NIC), is implicated in the dynamics of brainstem–hippocampus theta oscillation and contains a group of neurons projecting to the cerebellum. These neurons are characterized by burst tonic behavior similar to the burst tonic neurons in the ONI that convey eye velocity-position signals to the cerebellar flocculus. Faced with these forgotten cerebellar projections of the NIC, the present perspective discusses the possibility that, in addition to the already described pathways linking the cerebellum and the hippocampus via the medial septum, these NIC signals related to the vestibulo-ocular reflex and gaze holding could participate in the hippocampal control of navigation.

The haemocholecyst is a rare disease with a low index of suspiction, which is even lower if the patient does not present risk factors. Likewise, the course of this pathology with a haemoperitoneum without vesicular perforation is equally infrequent. We present an unusual case in which the diagnosis of the patient was carried out intraoperatively. We consider that communicating these unusual cases in clinical practice helps to increase clinical suspiction and prompt diagnosis.El hemocolecisto es una patología poco frecuente y con un índice bajo de sospecha, que todavía es menor si el paciente no presenta factores de riesgo. Asimismo, su curso con clínica de hemoperitoneo sin perforación vesicular es igualmente infrecuente. Presentamos un caso poco habitual en el cual el diagnóstico de la paciente se llevó a cabo intraoperatoriamente. Consideramos que comunicar estos casos poco habituales en la práctica clínica colabora a aumentar la sospecha clínica y el diagnóstico precoz.

We examined whether excess chronic medical comorbidity mediated excess COVID-19 inpatient mortality among people with mental disorders in the early phase of the pandemic, a question with important implications for public health and clinical decision-making. Using records of 2599 COVID-19 hospitalized patients, we conducted a formal causal mediation analysis to estimate the extent to which chronic comorbidity mediates the association between mental disorders and COVID-19 mortality. The Odds Ratio (95% CI) for Natural Indirect Effect and Controlled Direct Effect were 1.07(1.02, 1.14) and 1.40 (1.00, 1.95), respectively, suggesting that a large proportion of excess COVID-19 mortality among people with mental disorders may be explained by factors other than comorbidity.

5 figures.-- Supporting information available., The question of whether exosome lipids can be considered as potential cancer biomarkers faces our current limited knowledge of their composition. This is due to the difficulty in isolating pure exosomes, the variability of the biological sources from which they are extracted, and the uncertainty of the methods for lipid characterization. Here, we present a procedure to isolate exosomes and obtain a deep, repeatable, and rapid phospholipid (PL) composition of their lipid extracts, from embryonic murine fibroblasts (NIH-3T3 cell line) and none (B16-F1) and high (B16-F10) metastatic murine skin melanoma cells. The analytical method is based on High Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography with Ultraviolet and fluorescence densitometry and coupled to Electrospray (ESI)-tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS). Under the conditions described in this work, separation and determination of PL classes, (sphingomyelins, SM; phosphatidylcholines, PC; phosphatidylserines, PS; and phosphatidylethanolamines, PE) were achieved, expressed as µg PL/100 µg exosome protein, obtained by bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA). A detailed structural characterization of molecular species of each PL class was performed by simultaneous positive and negative ESI-MS and MS/MS directly from the chromatographic plate, thanks to an elution-based interface., Financial support for this project was provided by DGA-FEDER (E25_20R, N&SB), AES PI21/00036, CSIC 202180E076, ISCIII PI19/01007, DGA E25-20R, and ERC Advanced Grant CADENCE (grant No. ERC-2016-ADG-742684).

Alzheimer's disease is histopathologically well defined by the presence of amyloid deposits and tau-related neurofibrillary tangles in crucial regions of the brain. Interest is growing in revealing and determining possible pathological markers also in the cerebellum as its involvement in cognitive functions is now well supported. Despite the central position of the Purkinje cell in the cerebellum, its electrophysiological behaviour in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease is scarce in the literature. Our first aim was here to focus on the electrophysiological behaviour of the cerebellum in awake mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (APPswe/PSEN1dE9) and the related performance on the water-maze test classically used in behavioural studies. We found prevalent signs of electrophysiological alterations in both Purkinje cells and deep cerebellar nuclei neurons which might explain the behavioural deficits reported during the water-maze test. The alterations of neurons firing were accompanied by a dual (~16 and ~228 Hz) local field potential's oscillation in the Purkinje cell layer of Alzheimer's disease mice which was concomitant to an important increase of both the simple and the complex spikes. In addition, β-amyloid deposits were present in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. These results highlight the importance of the output firing modification of the AD cerebellum that may indirectly impact the activity of its subcortical and cortical targets.

In 1992, the Laboratory of Human Physiology at the University of Parma (Italy) publish a study describing "mirror" neurons in the macaque that activate both when the monkey performs an action and when it observes an experimenter performing the same action. The research team behind this discovery postulates that the mirror neurons system is the neural basis of our ability to understand the actions of others, through the motor mapping of the observed action on the observer's motor repertory (direct-matching hypothesis). Nevertheless, this conception met serious criticism. These critics attempt to relativize their function by placing them within a network of neurocognitive and sensory interdependencies. In short, the essential characteristic of these neurons is to combine the processing of sensory information, especially visual, with that of motor information. Their elementary function would be to provide a motor simulation of the observed action, based on visual information from it. They can contribute, with other non-mirror areas, to the identification/prediction of the action goal and to the interpretation of the intention of the actor performing it. Studying the connectivity and high frequency synchronizations of the different brain areas involved in action observation would likely provide important information about the dynamic contribution of mirror neurons to "action understanding". The aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date analysis of the scientific evidence related to mirror neurons and their elementary functions, as well as to shed light on the contribution of these neurons to our ability to interpret and understand others' actions.

The cognitive performance of the crew has a major impact on mission safety and success in space flight. Monitoring of cognitive performance during long-duration space flight therefore is of paramount importance and can be performed using compact state-of-the-art mobile EEG. However, signal quality of EEG may be compromised due to the vicinity to various electronic devices and constant movements. We compare noise characteristics between in-flight extraterrestrial microgravity and ground-level terrestrial electroencephalography (EEG) recordings. EEG data recordings from either aboard International Space Station (ISS) or on earth’s surface, utilizing three EEG amplifiers and two electrode types, were compared. In-flight recordings showed noise level of an order of magnitude lower when compared to pre- and post-flight ground-level recordings with the same EEG system. Noise levels between ground-level recordings with actively shielded cables, and in-flight recordings without shielded cables, were similar. Furthermore, noise level characteristics of shielded ground-level EEG recordings, using wet and dry electrodes, and in-flight EEG recordings were similar. Actively shielded mobile dry EEG systems will support neuroscientific research and neurocognitive monitoring during spaceflight, especially during long-duration space missions.

This project aims to examine the effects of willing hands (i.e., hands unclenched, palms up, fingers relaxed) versus hands with clenched fists, on emotion regulation following an anger induction procedure.

the aim of this study was to examine the perception of professionals from four European countries in charge of teaching Nutrition Education (NE) to children in primary schools or hospitals.this was achieved through an exploratory study that initiated with two focus groups, one with 5 elementary school teachers and another with 14 nutritionists. From the results of it an online survey was designed and distributed internationally to elementary schools and professional clinics in Spain, Italy, Norway, and Austria. The participants were 75 elementary school teachers and 98 nutritionists. It was measured the level of knowledge of teachers and nutritionists to teach NE, and the level of nutritional knowledge of the children in their respective country. Descriptive statistics were conducted, one-factor ANOVAs to analyze the effect of nationality, and when a significant interaction was found, a post-hoc analysis using Bonferroni adjustment was applied.the results indicated that forty-one percent of the participants considered they have "adequate" theoretical knowledge to teach NE. Only 27 % considered they had "adequate" pedagogical training. A significant effect was found: F(3,168) = 17.37, p0.001, η2p = 0.24. Regarding the levels of NE knowledge of children, from lowest to highest, there were Spain, Italy, Austria, and Norway. Also, it was observed that professionals and children from Spain and Italy were more affected with less knowledge and training regarding NE.these results could help governments and educational organizations of the affected countries to take decisions to tackle this problematic.

La literatura científica constata la potencialidad que el conflicto puede generar en las aulas cuando se supera su sentido negativo y se inserta en el proceso educativo. Este planteamiento positivo del conflicto debiera ser asumido por los diferentes educadores de cualquier institución escolar para implementar programas alternativos a la violencia y enseñar a manejar los conflictos constructivamente. La Educación Física (EF) se presenta insólita para impulsar la gestión del conflicto en un espacio real de práctica y sobre un contexto de juego con equipos atacantes y defensores. Desde esta perspectiva, el objetivo principal del texto es mostrar una propuesta de enseñanza destinada a los últimos cursos de educación primaria. El desarrollo de la investigación, continuado en forma de tesis doctoral, se enmarca en un enfoque cuasiexperimental sobre un diseño de dos grupos (experimental y de control), desde una muestra de 130 participantes de dos colegios de Cullera (Valencia). El tratamiento (programa) se diseña desde la propia táctica del juego, y en su estructura queda incorporado el ‘conflicto colateral’, como fin didáctico, para aprender a gestionarlo entre sus miembros participantes. Sobre la práctica educativa, cabe reflejar que toma su origen de la enseñanza comprensiva; se fundamenta sobre un enfoque organizativamente participativo-colaborativo; y queda integrada en un escenario de cultura mediadora. Desde el ámbito de la EF escolar, se concluye que el método táctico-deportivo podría ser una alternativa para educar la gestión positiva del conflicto, posibilitando que el alumnado enfrentara las barreras de la comunicación y aprendiera a contrarrestar sus estereotipos destructivos. Abstract. Scientific literature confirms the potential that conflict can generate in the classroom when its negative meaning is overcome and it is inserted into the educational process. This positive perspective to conflict should be assumed by the different educators of any school institution to implement alternative programs to violence and teach how to handle conflicts constructively. Physical Education (PE) is unusual to promote conflict management in a real practical space and in a game context with attacking and defending teams. From this point of view, the main goal of the text is to show a teaching proposal aimed at the last years of primary education. The research study, continued in the form of a doctoral thesis, is framed in a quasi-experimental method on a two-group design (experimental and control), from a sample of 130 participants from two schools in Cullera (Valencia). The treatment (program) is designed from the game's own tactic, and the ‘collateral conflict’ is incorporated into its structure, as a didactic purpose, to learn to manage it among its participating members. Regarding educational practice, it should be reflected that it takes its origin from comprehensive teaching; it is based on an organizational participatory-collaborative strategy; and is integrated into a setting of mediating culture. In the PE context, it is concluded that the tactical-sports method could be an alternative to educate positive conflict management, enabling students to face communication barriers and learn to counteract their destructive stereotypes.

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) usually experience psychosocial impairment and psychiatric comorbidity related to the chronic course, relapsing activity (unpredictable risk of flare), and consequent physical symptoms. One of the psychological approaches which has gained more consideration as a coadjuvant therapy is mindfulness-based intervention (MBI). The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of a blended Internet-based MBI compared to standard medical therapy (SMT), in a sample of patients with IBD. A mixed-methods non-randomized controlled trial was conducted with 57 patients with IBD (35 in MBI condition and 22 in SMT condition). The MBI involved an 8-week program which comprised four face-to-face support sessions and four Internet-based therapy modules. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL), anxiety, depression, stress, mindfulness, and optimism were compared within and between groups. Qualitative methods were used to analyze the response of the patients to the treatment. Results revealed that the MBI condition significantly increased HRQoL and optimism compared to the SMT condition. However, there were no significant between-group differences in anxiety, depression, perceived stress, pessimism, or mindfulness facets. In addition, the interviewed MBI participants (n = 19) assured that they had learned strategies to regulate their emotions (anxiety, depression, stress) and to manage both pain and fatigue. This study shows the effectiveness of a blended Internet-based MBI in increasing HRQoL and optimism in patients with IBD. It also highlights the use of MBIs to treat psychological impairment in IBD. NCT 02,963,246, 15/11/2016.

1 figure.-- Abstract of the talk delivered at the 2021 Spring Meeting of the European Materials Research Society (E-MRS), Virtual Conference, from May 31st to June 3rd, 2021., The performance of transparent silver nanowire (AgNW) electrodes can be improved by using thin coatings of two-dimensional assemblies of amino-terminal oligoglycines (denoted as tectomers), which causes a ~50% sheet resistance decrease for AgNW electrodes with initial resistivities of 100 Ω/sq, while largely retaining the electrodes’ high transparency. Tectomer coatings also remarkably impart enhanced hydrophobicity and protection against AgNW degradation under ambient conditions. Additionally, these coatings are pH-sensitive, and their rich surface chemistry enables opening new perspectives on the fabrication of AgNW electrodes with (bio)sensor functionalities. In this work, we report on the laser patterning of AgNW electrodes biofunctionalized with tectomer coatings. A pulsed, green laser (532nm) was utilized to create non-conductive paths, 12 to 50 μm in width, and the conditions were tuned to avoid the damage of the substrate materials: glass and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) for rigid and flexible electrodes, respectively. The electron transport properties, transparency, and durability of the resulting interdigitated electrodes were characterized, and their potential applications in optoelectronics will be discussed.

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a spore-forming bacterium that produces insecticidal proteins and other virulence factors and is considered one of the most successful bioinsecticides available to control pests in agriculture. Bt strains have been reported as endophyte or rhizospheric bacteria, but little is known about the implications of this property of Bt in crop protection. Here, we review if Bt can establish as an endophyte/rhizobacterium and evaluate if Bt as an endophyte/rhizobacterium can simultaneously act against different phytopathogens (fungi, bacteria, insects and viruses) plus promote plant growth. The implications of the proposed review will broaden our understanding of Bt as a versatile entomopathogen by exhibiting differential behavior depending on context.

The data used for the manuscript submitted to the journal Scientia horticulturae for consideration is available here. Acknowledgments: This research has been funded by the Spanish National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Ministry of Science and Innovation (grant code: RTA 00083-C02-01).

Much has been said about the harm children of migrants experience as a consequence of sequential family migration. Most of this literature discusses the case of children left behind. By contrast, t...

El fenómeno del Cambio Climático ha tenido en los últimos 25 años diferentes formas de ser representado y estudiado, la mayoría de ellos con forma geográfica. Este artículo reflexiona sobre las herramientas geográficas para la toma de decisiones y el ejemplo concreto del proyecto del Atlas del Cambio Climático de las Américas (ACCA) como paradigma de la colaboración entre investigadores y su aportación para los tomadores de decisiones.

Family members of people with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are seriously affected by the disease and it is common for them to ask for professional help. The main objective of this study is to assess, in an open clinical trial, a treatment protocol based on Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) strategies for relatives of individuals with BPD, compared to the same protocol plus a mindfulness component (DBT-M).The interventions were conducted in a sample of 108 relatives of 83 patients diagnosed with BPD from a Specialized Unit for Personality Disorders. Relatives and patients completed the assessment protocol before and after the intervention.Significant improvements in almost all the relevant variables tested were observed after the treatment in both the relatives and the patients. However, there were only statistically significant differences between the groups in the negative attitude towards the illness, where relatives in the DBT-M condition showed greater improvement than those in the DBT condition.The results indicate that the intervention helps both patients and relatives to improve on key issues. It is essential to consider and offer support to the families of people with severe psychological disorders.

Within the scope of sustainability, this work tackles both food waste and food safety by studying the ethylene scavenging potencial of α-cyclodextrin nanosponges produced by solvent-free synthesis and the food safety evaluation of the compostable packaging for food contact applications where the nanosponges will be incorporated.

International audience; The interaction between oral and/or mental cognitive tasks and postural control and mobility remains unclear. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of speech production and cognitive load levels on static balance and timed up and go (TUG) during dual-task activities. Thirty healthy young subjects (25 ± 4 years old, 17 women) participated in this study. A control situation and two different cognitive arithmetic tasks were tested: counting backward in increments of 3 and 7 under oral (O) and mental (M) conditions during static balance and the TUG. We evaluated the dual-task cost (DTC) and the effect of speech production (SP) and the level of cognitive load (CL) on these variables. There was a significant increase in the centre of pressure oscillation velocity in static balance when the dual task was performed orally compared to the control situation The DTC was more pronounced for the O than for the M. The SP, but not the CL, had a significant effect on oscillation velocity. There was an increase in TUG associated with the cognitive load, but the mental or oral aspect did not seem to have an influence. Mobility is more affected by SP when the cognitive task is complex. This may be particularly important for the choice of the test and understanding postural control disorders.

Spain is a secondary centre of the diversification of the melon (Cucumis melo L.), with high diversity represented in highly appreciated landraces belonging to the Flexuosus and Ibericus groups. A collection of 47 accessions of Flexuosus, Chate, Piel de Sapo, Tendral, Amarillo, Blanco, and Rochet was analysed using a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach. A total of 66,971 quality SNPs were identified. Genetic analysis differentiated Ibericus accessions and exotic materials (Ameri, Momordica, Kachri, and Agrestis), while Flexuous accessions shared ancestry between them. Within the Ibericus group, no clear genomic distinction could be identified for the different landraces evaluated, with accessions of different landraces showing high genetic similarity. The morphological characterization confirmed that the external colour and fruit shape had been used as recognition patterns for Spanish melon landraces, but variability within a landrace exists. Differences were found in the sugars and acid and volatile profiles of the materials. Flexuosus and Chate melons at the immature commercial stage accumulated malic acid and low levels of hexoses, while Ibericus melons accumulated high contents of sucrose and citric acid. Specific trends could be identified in the Ibericus landraces. Tendral accumulated low levels of sugars and citric acid and high of malic acid, maintaining higher firmness, Rochet reached higher levels of sugars, and Amarillo tended to lower malic acid contents. Interestingly, high variability was found within landraces for the acidic profile, offering possibilities to alter taste tinges. The main volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Flexuosus and Chate were aldehydes and alcohols, with clear differences between both groups. In the Ibericus landraces, general trends for VOC accumulation could be identified, but, again, a high level of variation exists. This situation highlights the necessity to develop depuration programs to promote on-farm in situ conservation and, at the same time, offers opportunities to establish new breeding program targets and to take advantage of these sources of variation.

1 figure.-- Talk delivered at the SmallChem 2021 International online conference (17th-18th february 2021)., Amino-terminated oligoglycines non-covalently self-assemble, through cooperative hydrogen bonding formation, into biocompatible rigid 2D nanostructures called tectomers, either in solution or in surfacepromoted processes. Tectomers effectively coat carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH) and strongly interact with graphene oxide (GO). Electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding formation accounts for the strong interfacial interaction of tectomers with MWCNTCOOH and GO, respectively. The resulting composites were characterized by electron- and atomic force microscopies, UV-vis and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopies and contact angle measurements. Because of this high affinity of tectomers to GO, tectomers efficiently coat wet-spun GO fibers (Fig. 1). We also show that, due to their versatile surface chemistry, tectomers act as supramolecular peptidic adhesives for the immobilization of a variety of carbon nanomaterials, nanoparticles, molecules and drugs on the GO fiber surface therefore allowing GO fiber functionalization. The resulting ultrathin coatings exhibit remarkable water-resistant properties. This tectomer-based “double-sided sticky tape” fiber functionalization strategy can be extended to other fibers, fabrics and substrates, making it very attractive for technological and smart textile applications

9 figures, 2 multimedia components.-- © 2021. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/, An enzymatic method for the direct (without pretreatment) minimally invasive tyramine determination in cheese is proposed. Colorimetric test strips containing tyramine oxidase (TAO), peroxidase and 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (Q-TAO), allow tyramine determination through the RGB chromatic coordinates of the observed blue colour (LOD = 2.6·10−6 M, LOQ = 8.7·10−6 M, RSD% (n = 5; 1.8·10−4 M) = 3.2%). The strips are inserted in the sample for 2 min and then the RGB coordinates are measured using a smartphone. Previously, these Q-TAO strips have been also optimized for tyramine determination in cheese extract. To do that, a spectrophotometric method in solution for tyramine determination in cheese extracts has been developed, which included an in-depth study of the indicating reaction; this study has allowed to gain new information about the spectroscopic properties of different TMB species and, which it is more important, to detect cross-reactions between TAO and TMB species. A mathematical model has also been developed which relate the RGB signals obtained with the tyramine concentrations, the instrumental characteristics of the smartphone and the spectroscopic properties of the absorbing product of the enzymatic reaction., This work was supported by the MINECO of Spain (projects CTQ2016-76846R and PID2019-105408 GB-I00) and by Research groups funded by DGA-FEDER (group E25_17R, N&SB).

Purpose To identify potential correlates of CRF after curative breast cancer (BC) treatment. The hypothesis was that fatigue would be more severe among women treated with cardiotoxic drugs, with poor physical condition and those who exercised less.Methods Prospective observational cross-sectional design. Fatigue was evaluated through Perform Questionnaire (multi-item, multi-dimensional). Patient-reported assessments and objective information regarding clinical data, physical activity (PA) and physical condition were analysed as potential correlates of CRF.Results 180 women who remained free of disease were recruited. Prevalence of fatigue interfering with quality of life was 43%. Weight, BMI, treatment with trastuzumab and time spent walking one mile were positively associated with fatigue. Age, time from diagnosis, self-reported walking time, basal and recovery heart rate were negatively associated. Previous chemo, radio or hormonal therapy, objectively assessed weekly PA, cardio-respiratory condition, muscular strength and adherence to Mediterranean diet were not associated with CRF. However, an interesting unexpected negative association with nut intake was found.Conclusions CRF is a prevalent problem after BC treatment. Objectively assessed PA, cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength did not predict CRF. The association of CRF with trastuzumab and low intake of nuts should be confirmed in further studies. A deeper insight in heart rate variability is warranted. Future research should include longitudinal studies and determination of biomarkers. Implications for Cancer Survivors BC survivors, especially younger and overweight women, should be informed about fatigue as a potential persistent symptom through all stages of the cancer trajectory and into survivorship. They also should be routinely screened for CRF.

Previous studies showed reduced activity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and supplementary motor area during inhibition in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to investigate deep brain generators underlying alterations of evoked potential components triggered by visual GO/NoGO tasks in children with ADHD compared with typically developing children (TDC). Standardized weighted low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (swLORETA) source analysis showed that lower GO-P3 component in children with ADHD was explained not only by a reduced contribution of the frontal areas but also by a stronger contribution of the anterior part of the caudate nucleus in these children compared with TDC. While the reduction of the NoGO-P3 component in children with ADHD was essentially explained by a reduced contribution of the dorsal ACC, the higher NoGO-P2 amplitude in these children was concomitant to the reduced contribution of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the insula, and the cerebellum. These data corroborate previous findings showed by fMRI studies and offered insight relative to the precise time-related contribution of the caudate nucleus and the cerebellum during the automatic feature of inhibition processes in children with ADHD. These results were discussed regarding the involvement of the fronto-basal ganglia and fronto-cerebellum networks in inhibition and attention alterations in ADHD., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and idiopathic gastrointestinal pathology whose bi-directional relation with psychological variables (e.g., quality of life, fatigue, and stress) has been studied in depth. Dispositional mindfulness has been related to a better quality of life and health in chronic diseases. The present study aims to examine the potential mediator influence of dispositional mindfulness in the association between disease severity and health-related quality of life, stress, and fatigue in IBD patients. In a cross-sectional study, 152 patients diagnosed with IBD were recruited from the digestive unit of Sagunt Hospital (Spain) where they were receiving treatment. Dispositional mindfulness, fatigue, perceived stress, health-related quality of life, and illness severity were measured. Subsequently, descriptive statistical analyses, Pearson product-moment correlations, multivariate analysis of variance, and mediation analyses were performed. Dispositional mindfulness facets were positively associated with quality of life, lower fatigue, and lower perceived stress levels (except for the observe subscale). Mediation analyses showed that IBD severity (moderate vs. mild patients) indirectly influenced quality of life (ab = −6.16, 95% CI [−13.46, −0.76]), perceived stress (ab = 2.23, 95% CI [0.41, 4.24]), and fatigue (ab = 3.24, 95% CI [0.48, 6.66]) through its effect on the dispositional mindfulness facet “acting with awareness.” Dispositional mindful awareness seems to be a protective factor in addition to a promising intervention target in IBD patients, whose severity only influences quality of life, perceived stress, and fatigue through it.

A negative correlation between schools’ migrant share and students’ educational outcomes has been described in multiple contexts, including Spain. In this article, we concentrate on testing the implications of one of the main mechanisms explaining this relationship, which pays attention to the share of migrants who are not proficient in the language of instruction. Spain represents an interesting case due to the significant presence of migrants born in Latin American countries, who are Spanish native speakers. By exploiting the different shares of Spanish-speaking and non-Spanish-speaking migrants across schools in Spain, we are able to test whether the share of non-Spanish native speakers (rather than the share of migrant students) affects students’ test scores in math. Our results show that the concentration of non–Latin American migrant students is significantly and negatively associated with students’ math test scores, although the effect is very small.

OBJECTIVES In the field of psychotherapy, verbal creativity has been suggested as an important aspect in psychotherapists' training. In the present study, the effects of a mindfulness and compassion-based intervention (MCBI) on verbal creativity are analysed in students of clinical and health psychology (N = 90). DESIGN Students were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 37), in which an MCBI was applied, and a waiting list group (n = 26) with no intervention. We also assessed a non-randomized active control group (n = 27), in which students received training in basic psychotherapy skills. METHODS Verbal creativity (fluency, flexibility, and originality) was evaluated in a pre-, post-, and follow-up assessment. RESULTS Results indicated a significant increase in fluency (p = .001, d = .64), flexibility (p = .017, d = .67), and originality (p = .004, d = .72) in the experimental group, relative to the waiting list group, in the post-assessment. Fluency (p = .010, d = .64) and flexibility (p = .033, d = .62) were also found to be higher in the follow-up assessment. In addition, results indicated a significant increase in flexibility (p = .034, d = .74) in the experimental group, relative to the active control group, in the follow-up assessment. CONCLUSIONS Introducing MCBI in the university education of psychotherapists seems to be a useful strategy to improve their verbal creativity, which could positively influence their ability to explore and appropriately respond to their patients' needs. PRACTITIONER POINTS Mindfulness and compassion-based interventions (MCBIs) could be a useful strategy to improve verbal creativity in the university education of psychotherapists. After the MCBI, students of clinical and health psychology increased the number of ideas they produced when facing a specific situation, as well as their variety and originality.

espanolTodo plan, proyecto o iniciativa publica o privada que se realiza sobre el territorio ha de cumplir un marco legal. Este marco se modifica de diferentes formas a lo largo del tiempo. Y varia en funcion de la normativa que legisla el uso o aprovechamiento ya sea urbanistico, territorial, ambiental o sectorial. La realidad es que los actores publicos y privados quedan desbordados ante las relaciones juridicas que entran en juego a la hora de realizar una determinada accion sobre el territorio. La herramienta del Regimen Juridico del Territorio del Visor 2D de IDEARAGON es la respuesta del IGEAR para ayudar a los tomadores de decisiones dando cumplida respuesta de las limitaciones legales de diferente tipo en Aragon (Espana). La presente comunicacion explica el por que de la herramienta como ayuda a la gobernanza del territorio. Detalla el estado actual de la herramienta, asi como, su evolucion a corto plazo mediante la consulta diaria de los boletines oficiales. EnglishAny public or private plan, project carried out on place must comply with a legal framework. This frame is modified in different ways over time. Depending on the regulations that legislate the use whether urban or territorial planning, environmental or thematic varies it. The reality is that public and private actors are exceeded by the legal relationships that come into play when taking a certain action on spatial location. IGEAR response with IDEARAGON 2D Viewer’s Legal Regime of territory tool to help decision makers respond to legal limitations of different types in Aragon (Spain). This communication explains why the tool helps governance the territory. It details the tool as well as its short-term evolution through the daily query of official newsletters.

Calibration of distributed hydrological models needs to include spatial information of the hydrological processes in order to guarantee a robust spatial representation of the model state variables. Satellite remote sensing monitoring the Earth in a temporal and spatial comprehensive way stands out as a valuable resource of this kind of information. Surface soil moisture (SSM) plays a key role in the description of the hydrological cycle, especially in semi-arid areas. Nevertheless, the coarse resolution of available SSM products has restricted the use of SSM in the calibration of hydrological models to only the temporal approach. The current operational SSM estimates (1km) resulting from new sensor estimates or the application of downscaling methodologies pave the way for this spatial calibration approach. The present study explores the applicability of these spatially enhanced SSM estimates for distributed eco-hydrological modelling in Mediterranean forest basins. On one hand, it contributes to fill the existing research gap on the use of remote sensing SSM spatial patterns within the distributed hydrological modelling framework, in particular in medium/small basins. On the other hand, it serves as an indirect validation method for the spatial performance of satellite SSM products. TETIS eco-hydrological distributed model was implemented in three case studies, named Carraixet (eastern Spain), Hozgarganta (southern Spain), and Ceira (western Portugal), which were strategically selected to perform this research in the Mediterranean Region. The SSM estimates selected for evaluation were: Sentinel-1 SSM provided by the Copernicus Global Land Services (CGLS), SMAP SSM disaggregated using Sentinel-1 provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), SMOS SSM provided by the Barcelona Expert Center (BEC), and SMOS and SMAP SSM disaggregated using the Dispatch algorithm provided by Lobelia Earth. The methodology employed involved a multi-objective and multi-variable calibration using the considering remote sensing SSM spatial patterns and in-situ streamflow, using the Spatial Efficiency Metric (SPAEF) and the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index (NSE) respectively. In spite of the spatial and temporal differences amongst products, the multi-objective calibration approach proposed increased the robustness of the hydrological modelling. Spatial and temporal agreement depends on the selection of the SSM product. The disaggregating methodology determined the spatial agreement to a greater degree than the sensor itself.

Water resources observation and modelling are essential to better understand hydrological processes and improve water resource management. However, the reliability of hydrological simulation is strongly controlled by the quality and type of field observations used for the calibration and validation processes. Therefore, it is critical to develop proper strategies for model calibration and validation in order to reduce prediction uncertainties. Standard hydrological calibration relies mainly on the time series of total streamflow at the catchment outlet; nevertheless, this leads to a limited insight into the spatial behaviour of a river basin. In this work, we use simulations from the physically-based distributed DREAM model to discuss the importance of multi-criteria calibration to obtain consistent parameter sets. The calibration methodology exploits a physical based filter to decompose the streamflow times series in two time series referring to the surface component and the baseflow. Therefore, we adopted a multi-criteria calibration procedures which optimizes: (a) the total streamflow measured at the basin outlet (used as a reference study case); b) both the surface runoff and baseflow measured at the basin outlet; and (c) the combination the time series of the two components along with the annual water balance components. In addition, we also explored the use of a lumped parametrization against a spatial parametrization derived from the soil type characteristics of the river basin. In all cases, parameter optimization was carried out using an automatic calibration performed by a genetic algorithm (GA) tool. The study was carried out for two experimental catchments located in Basilicata and Campania regions (Southern Italy). The performed experiments showed that the inclusion of physical information during the calibration process results in a general improvement of model reliability.This research is a part of iAqueduct project funded under the Water JPI 2018 Joint Call, Closing the Water Cycle Gap – on Sustainable Management of Water Resources - Water Works 2017.