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1. Task Sharing to Expand Access to Care: Development of a Behavioral Health Support Specialist

Author

Brenna N. Renn, Cameron Casey, Patrick J. Raue, Patricia A. Areán, and Anna Ratzliff

Subjects
Psychotherapy, Mental Health Services, Psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Mental Health, Mental Disorders, education, Humans, Delivery of Health Care, Article, United States, Health Services Accessibility
Abstract

Task sharing improves access to mental health care in many countries, but little formative research has examined uptake in the United States. This Open Forum proposes the development of nonspecialist professional roles to deliver low-intensity behavioral interventions for common mental health conditions in U.S. settings such as primary care. Using data from a multilevel stakeholder assessment, the authors discuss findings and challenges associated with such a role. Key themes from stakeholder surveys concerned scope of practice, competencies, pragmatic concerns, and training needs. Although stakeholders generally found this role to be acceptable and feasible, the themes raised will be critical to developing and implementing such a role.

Published
2024

2. CEERS Key Paper. II. A First Look at the Resolved Host Properties of AGN at 3 < z < 5 with JWST

Author

Dale D. Kocevski, Guillermo Barro, Elizabeth J. McGrath, Steven L. Finkelstein, Micaela B. Bagley, Henry C. Ferguson, Shardha Jogee, Guang Yang, Mark Dickinson, Nimish P. Hathi, Bren E. Backhaus, Eric F. Bell, Laura Bisigello, Véronique Buat, Denis Burgarella, Caitlin M. Casey, Nikko J. Cleri, M. C. Cooper, Luca Costantin, Darren Croton, Emanuele Daddi, Adriano Fontana, Seiji Fujimoto, Jonathan P. Gardner, Eric Gawiser, Mauro Giavalisco, Andrea Grazian, Norman A. Grogin, Yuchen Guo, Pablo Arrabal Haro, Michaela Hirschmann, Benne W. Holwerda, Marc Huertas-Company, Taylor A. Hutchison, Kartheik G. Iyer, Brenda Jones, Stéphanie Juneau, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, Lisa J. Kewley, Allison Kirkpatrick, Anton M. Koekemoer, Peter Kurczynski, Aurélien Le Bail, Arianna S. Long, Jennifer M. Lotz, Ray A. Lucas, Casey Papovich, Laura Pentericci, Pablo G. Pérez-González, Nor Pirzkal, Marc Rafelski, Swara Ravindranath, Rachel S. Somerville, Amber N. Straughn, Sandro Tacchella, Jonathan R. Trump, Stephen M. Wilkins, Stijn Wuyts, L. Y. Aaron Yung, Jorge A. Zavala, Kocevski, DD [0000-0002-8360-3880], Barro, G [0000-0002-0786-7307], McGrath, EJ [0000-0001-8688-2443], Finkelstein, SL [0000-0001-8519-1130], Bagley, MB [0000-0002-9921-9218], Ferguson, HC [0000-0001-7113-2738], Jogee, S [0000-0002-1590-0568], Yang, G [0000-0001-8835-7722], Dickinson, M [0000-0001-5414-5131], Hathi, NP [0000-0001-6145-5090], Backhaus, BE [0000-0001-8534-7502], Bell, EF [0000-0002-5564-9873], Bisigello, L [0000-0003-0492-4924], Buat, V [0000-0003-3441-903X], Burgarella, D [0000-0002-4193-2539], Casey, CM [0000-0002-0930-6466], Cleri, NJ [0000-0001-7151-009X], Cooper, MC [0000-0003-1371-6019], Costantin, L [0000-0001-6820-0015], Croton, D [0000-0002-5009-512X], Daddi, E [0000-0002-3331-9590], Fontana, A [0000-0003-3820-2823], Fujimoto, S [0000-0001-7201-5066], Gardner, JP [0000-0003-2098-9568], Gawiser, E [0000-0003-1530-8713], Giavalisco, M [0000-0002-7831-8751], Grazian, A [0000-0002-5688-0663], Grogin, NA [0000-0001-9440-8872], Guo, Y [0000-0002-4162-6523], Haro, PA [0000-0002-7959-8783], Hirschmann, M [0000-0002-3301-3321], Holwerda, BW [0000-0002-4884-6756], Huertas-Company, M [0000-0002-1416-8483], Hutchison, TA [0000-0001-6251-4988], Iyer, KG [0000-0001-9298-3523], Juneau, S [0000-0002-0000-2394], Kartaltepe, JS [0000-0001-9187-3605], Kewley, LJ [0000-0001-8152-3943], Kirkpatrick, A [0000-0002-1306-1545], Koekemoer, AM [0000-0002-6610-2048], Kurczynski, P [0000-0002-8816-5146], Bail, AL [0000-0002-9466-2763], Long, AS [0000-0002-7530-8857], Lotz, JM [0000-0003-3130-5643], Lucas, RA [0000-0003-1581-7825], Papovich, C [0000-0001-7503-8482], Pentericci, L [0000-0001-8940-6768], Pérez-González, PG [0000-0003-4528-5639], Pirzkal, N [0000-0003-3382-5941], Rafelski, M [0000-0002-9946-4731], Ravindranath, S [0000-0002-5269-6527], Somerville, RS [0000-0002-6748-6821], Straughn, AN [0000-0002-4772-7878], Tacchella, S [0000-0002-8224-4505], Trump, JR [0000-0002-1410-0470], Wilkins, SM [0000-0003-3903-6935], Wuyts, S [0000-0003-3735-1931], Aaron Yung, LY [0000-0003-3466-035X], Zavala, JA [0000-0002-7051-1100], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Kocevski, Dale D [0000-0002-8360-3880], Barro, Guillermo [0000-0002-0786-7307], McGrath, Elizabeth J [0000-0001-8688-2443], Finkelstein, Steven L [0000-0001-8519-1130], Bagley, Micaela B [0000-0002-9921-9218], Ferguson, Henry C [0000-0001-7113-2738], Jogee, Shardha [0000-0002-1590-0568], Yang, Guang [0000-0001-8835-7722], Dickinson, Mark [0000-0001-5414-5131], Hathi, Nimish P [0000-0001-6145-5090], Backhaus, Bren E [0000-0001-8534-7502], Bell, Eric F [0000-0002-5564-9873], Bisigello, Laura [0000-0003-0492-4924], Buat, Véronique [0000-0003-3441-903X], Burgarella, Denis [0000-0002-4193-2539], Casey, Caitlin M [0000-0002-0930-6466], Cleri, Nikko J [0000-0001-7151-009X], Costantin, Luca [0000-0001-6820-0015], Croton, Darren [0000-0002-5009-512X], Daddi, Emanuele [0000-0002-3331-9590], Fontana, Adriano [0000-0003-3820-2823], Fujimoto, Seiji [0000-0001-7201-5066], Gardner, Jonathan P [0000-0003-2098-9568], Gawiser, Eric [0000-0003-1530-8713], Giavalisco, Mauro [0000-0002-7831-8751], Grazian, Andrea [0000-0002-5688-0663], Grogin, Norman A [0000-0001-9440-8872], Guo, Yuchen [0000-0002-4162-6523], Haro, Pablo Arrabal [0000-0002-7959-8783], Hirschmann, Michaela [0000-0002-3301-3321], Holwerda, Benne W [0000-0002-4884-6756], Huertas-Company, Marc [0000-0002-1416-8483], Hutchison, Taylor A [0000-0001-6251-4988], Iyer, Kartheik G [0000-0001-9298-3523], Juneau, Stéphanie [0000-0002-0000-2394], Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S [0000-0001-9187-3605], Kewley, Lisa J [0000-0001-8152-3943], Kirkpatrick, Allison [0000-0002-1306-1545], Koekemoer, Anton M [0000-0002-6610-2048], Kurczynski, Peter [0000-0002-8816-5146], Bail, Aurélien Le [0000-0002-9466-2763], Long, Arianna S [0000-0002-7530-8857], Lotz, Jennifer M [0000-0003-3130-5643], Lucas, Ray A [0000-0003-1581-7825], Papovich, Casey [0000-0001-7503-8482], Pentericci, Laura [0000-0001-8940-6768], Pérez-González, Pablo G [0000-0003-4528-5639], Pirzkal, Nor [0000-0003-3382-5941], Rafelski, Marc [0000-0002-9946-4731], Ravindranath, Swara [0000-0002-5269-6527], Somerville, Rachel S [0000-0002-6748-6821], Straughn, Amber N [0000-0002-4772-7878], Tacchella, Sandro [0000-0002-8224-4505], Trump, Jonathan R [0000-0002-1410-0470], Wilkins, Stephen M [0000-0003-3903-6935], Wuyts, Stijn [0000-0003-3735-1931], and Zavala, Jorge A [0000-0002-7051-1100]

Subjects
Space and Planetary Science, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 51 Physical Sciences, Galaxies and Cosmology
Abstract

We report on the host properties of five X-ray-luminous active galactic nuclei (AGN) identified at 3 < z < 5 in the first epoch of imaging from the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey. Each galaxy has been imaged with the JWST Near-Infrared Camera, which provides rest-frame optical morphologies at these redshifts. We also derive stellar masses and star formation rates for each host by fitting its spectral energy distribution using a combination of galaxy and AGN templates. We find that three of the AGN hosts have spheroidal morphologies, one is a bulge-dominated disk, and one is dominated by pointlike emission. None are found to show strong morphological disturbances that might indicate a recent interaction or merger event. When compared to a sample of mass-matched inactive galaxies, we find that the AGN hosts have morphologies that are less disturbed and more bulge-dominated. Notably, all four of the resolved hosts have rest-frame optical colors consistent with a quenched or poststarburst stellar population. The presence of AGN in passively evolving galaxies at z > 3 is significant because a rapid feedback mechanism is required in most semianalytic models and cosmological simulations to explain the growing population of massive quiescent galaxies observed at these redshifts. Our findings show that AGN can continue to inject energy into these systems after their star formation is curtailed, potentially heating their halos and preventing renewed star formation. Additional observations will be needed to determine what role this feedback may play in helping to quench these systems and/or maintain their quiescent state.

Published
2023
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3. The Physical Conditions of Emission-line Galaxies at Cosmic Dawn from JWST/NIRSpec Spectroscopy in the SMACS 0723 Early Release Observations

Author

Jonathan R. Trump, Pablo Arrabal Haro, Raymond C. Simons, Bren E. Backhaus, Ricardo O. Amorín, Mark Dickinson, Vital Fernández, Casey Papovich, David C. Nicholls, Lisa J. Kewley, Samantha W. Brunker, John J. Salzer, Stephen M. Wilkins, Omar Almaini, Micaela B. Bagley, Danielle A. Berg, Rachana Bhatawdekar, Laura Bisigello, Véronique Buat, Denis Burgarella, Antonello Calabrò, Caitlin M. Casey, Laure Ciesla, Nikko J. Cleri, Justin W. Cole, M. C. Cooper, Asantha R. Cooray, Luca Costantin, Darren Croton, Henry C. Ferguson, Steven L. Finkelstein, Seiji Fujimoto, Jonathan P. Gardner, Eric Gawiser, Mauro Giavalisco, Andrea Grazian, Norman A. Grogin, Nimish P. Hathi, Michaela Hirschmann, Benne W. Holwerda, Marc Huertas-Company, Taylor A. Hutchison, Shardha Jogee, Stéphanie Juneau, Intae Jung, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, Allison Kirkpatrick, Dale D. Kocevski, Anton M. Koekemoer, Jennifer M. Lotz, Ray A. Lucas, Benjamin Magnelli, Jasleen Matharu, Pablo G. Pérez-González, Nor Pirzkal, Marc Rafelski, Caitlin Rose, Lise-Marie Seillé, Rachel S. Somerville, Amber N. Straughn, Sandro Tacchella, Brittany N. Vanderhoof, Benjamin J. Weiner, Stijn Wuyts, L. Y. Aaron Yung, Jorge A. Zavala, Trump, Jonathan R [0000-0002-1410-0470], Haro, Pablo Arrabal [0000-0002-7959-8783], Simons, Raymond C [0000-0002-6386-7299], Backhaus, Bren E [0000-0001-8534-7502], Amorín, Ricardo O [0000-0001-5758-1000], Dickinson, Mark [0000-0001-5414-5131], Fernández, Vital [0000-0003-0531-5450], Papovich, Casey [0000-0001-7503-8482], Nicholls, David C [0000-0003-0892-5203], Kewley, Lisa J [0000-0001-8152-3943], Brunker, Samantha W [0000-0001-6776-2550], Salzer, John J [0000-0001-8483-603X], Wilkins, Stephen M [0000-0003-3903-6935], Almaini, Omar [0000-0001-9328-3991], Bagley, Micaela B [0000-0002-9921-9218], Berg, Danielle A [0000-0002-4153-053X], Bhatawdekar, Rachana [0000-0003-0883-2226], Bisigello, Laura [0000-0003-0492-4924], Buat, Véronique [0000-0003-3441-903X], Burgarella, Denis [0000-0002-4193-2539], Calabrò, Antonello [0000-0003-2536-1614], Casey, Caitlin M [0000-0002-0930-6466], Ciesla, Laure [0000-0003-0541-2891], Cleri, Nikko J [0000-0001-7151-009X], Cole, Justin W [0000-0002-6348-1900], Cooper, MC [0000-0003-1371-6019], Cooray, Asantha R [0000-0002-3892-0190], Costantin, Luca [0000-0001-6820-0015], Croton, Darren [0000-0002-5009-512X], Ferguson, Henry C [0000-0001-7113-2738], Finkelstein, Steven L [0000-0001-8519-1130], Fujimoto, Seiji [0000-0001-7201-5066], Gardner, Jonathan P [0000-0003-2098-9568], Gawiser, Eric [0000-0003-1530-8713], Giavalisco, Mauro [0000-0002-7831-8751], Grazian, Andrea [0000-0002-5688-0663], Grogin, Norman A [0000-0001-9440-8872], Hathi, Nimish P [0000-0001-6145-5090], Hirschmann, Michaela [0000-0002-3301-3321], Holwerda, Benne W [0000-0002-4884-6756], Huertas-Company, Marc [0000-0002-1416-8483], Hutchison, Taylor A [0000-0001-6251-4988], Jogee, Shardha [0000-0002-1590-0568], Juneau, Stéphanie [0000-0002-0000-2394], Jung, Intae [0000-0003-1187-4240], Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S [0000-0001-9187-3605], Kirkpatrick, Allison [0000-0002-1306-1545], Kocevski, Dale D [0000-0002-8360-3880], Koekemoer, Anton M [0000-0002-6610-2048], Lotz, Jennifer M [0000-0003-3130-5643], Lucas, Ray A [0000-0003-1581-7825], Magnelli, Benjamin [0000-0002-6777-6490], Matharu, Jasleen [0000-0002-7547-3385], Pérez-González, Pablo G [0000-0003-4528-5639], Pirzkal, Nor [0000-0003-3382-5941], Rafelski, Marc [0000-0002-9946-4731], Rose, Caitlin [0000-0002-8018-3219], Seillé, Lise-Marie [0000-0001-7755-4755], Somerville, Rachel S [0000-0002-6748-6821], Straughn, Amber N [0000-0002-4772-7878], Tacchella, Sandro [0000-0002-8224-4505], Vanderhoof, Brittany N [0000-0002-8163-0172], Weiner, Benjamin J [0000-0001-6065-7483], Wuyts, Stijn [0000-0003-3735-1931], Aaron Yung, LY [0000-0003-3466-035X], Zavala, Jorge A [0000-0002-7051-1100], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Trump, JR [0000-0002-1410-0470], Haro, PA [0000-0002-7959-8783], Simons, RC [0000-0002-6386-7299], Backhaus, BE [0000-0001-8534-7502], Amorín, RO [0000-0001-5758-1000], Dickinson, M [0000-0001-5414-5131], Fernández, V [0000-0003-0531-5450], Papovich, C [0000-0001-7503-8482], Nicholls, DC [0000-0003-0892-5203], Kewley, LJ [0000-0001-8152-3943], Brunker, SW [0000-0001-6776-2550], Salzer, JJ [0000-0001-8483-603X], Wilkins, SM [0000-0003-3903-6935], Almaini, O [0000-0001-9328-3991], Bagley, MB [0000-0002-9921-9218], Berg, DA [0000-0002-4153-053X], Bhatawdekar, R [0000-0003-0883-2226], Bisigello, L [0000-0003-0492-4924], Buat, V [0000-0003-3441-903X], Burgarella, D [0000-0002-4193-2539], Calabrò, A [0000-0003-2536-1614], Casey, CM [0000-0002-0930-6466], Ciesla, L [0000-0003-0541-2891], Cleri, NJ [0000-0001-7151-009X], Cole, JW [0000-0002-6348-1900], Cooray, AR [0000-0002-3892-0190], Costantin, L [0000-0001-6820-0015], Croton, D [0000-0002-5009-512X], Ferguson, HC [0000-0001-7113-2738], Finkelstein, SL [0000-0001-8519-1130], Fujimoto, S [0000-0001-7201-5066], Gardner, JP [0000-0003-2098-9568], Gawiser, E [0000-0003-1530-8713], Giavalisco, M [0000-0002-7831-8751], Grazian, A [0000-0002-5688-0663], Grogin, NA [0000-0001-9440-8872], Hathi, NP [0000-0001-6145-5090], Hirschmann, M [0000-0002-3301-3321], Holwerda, BW [0000-0002-4884-6756], Huertas-Company, M [0000-0002-1416-8483], Hutchison, TA [0000-0001-6251-4988], Jogee, S [0000-0002-1590-0568], Juneau, S [0000-0002-0000-2394], Jung, I [0000-0003-1187-4240], Kartaltepe, JS [0000-0001-9187-3605], Kirkpatrick, A [0000-0002-1306-1545], Kocevski, DD [0000-0002-8360-3880], Koekemoer, AM [0000-0002-6610-2048], Lotz, JM [0000-0003-3130-5643], Lucas, RA [0000-0003-1581-7825], Magnelli, B [0000-0002-6777-6490], Matharu, J [0000-0002-7547-3385], Pérez-González, PG [0000-0003-4528-5639], Pirzkal, N [0000-0003-3382-5941], Rafelski, M [0000-0002-9946-4731], Rose, C [0000-0002-8018-3219], Seillé, LM [0000-0001-7755-4755], Somerville, RS [0000-0002-6748-6821], Straughn, AN [0000-0002-4772-7878], Tacchella, S [0000-0002-8224-4505], Vanderhoof, BN [0000-0002-8163-0172], Weiner, BJ [0000-0001-6065-7483], Wuyts, S [0000-0003-3735-1931], and Zavala, JA [0000-0002-7051-1100]

Subjects
similar-to 2, SIMILAR-TO 2, NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY, COLLISION STRENGTHS, near-infrared spectroscopy, MASS-METALLICITY RELATION, FOS: Physical sciences, CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION, Galaxies and Cosmology, collision strengths, LY-ALPHA, atomic database, STAR-FORMING GALAXIES, MOSDEF SURVEY, mosdef survey, NEBULAR EMISSION, Astronomy and Astrophysics, mass-metallicity relation, star-forming galaxies, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, ATOMIC DATABASE, ly-alpha, nebular emission, Space and Planetary Science, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), chemical-composition, 51 Physical Sciences
Abstract

We present rest-frame optical emission-line flux ratio measurements for five $z>5$ galaxies observed by the JWST Near-Infared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) in the SMACS 0723 Early Release Observations. We add several quality-control and post-processing steps to the NIRSpec pipeline reduction products in order to ensure reliable relative flux calibration of emission lines that are closely separated in wavelength, despite the uncertain \textit{absolute} spectrophotometry of the current version of the reductions. Compared to $z\sim3$ galaxies in the literature, the $z>5$ galaxies have similar [OIII]$\lambda$5008/H$\beta$ ratios, similar [OIII]$\lambda$4364/H$\gamma$ ratios, and higher ($\sim$0.5 dex) [NeIII]$\lambda$3870/[OII]$\lambda$3728 ratios. We compare the observations to MAPPINGS V photoionization models and find that the measured [NeIII]$\lambda$3870/[OII]$\lambda$3728, [OIII]$\lambda$4364/H$\gamma$, and [OIII]$\lambda$5008/H$\beta$ emission-line ratios are consistent with an interstellar medium that has very high ionization ($\log(Q) \simeq 8-9$, units of cm~s$^{-1}$), low metallicity ($Z/Z_\odot \lesssim 0.2$), and very high pressure ($\log(P/k) \simeq 8-9$, units of cm$^{-3}$). The combination of [OIII]$\lambda$4364/H$\gamma$ and [OIII]$\lambda$(4960+5008)/H$\beta$ line ratios indicate very high electron temperatures of $4.1, Comment: Accepted for publication in AAS Journals. 14 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables

Published
2023
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5. Self-harm in university students: A comparative analysis of data from the Multicentre Study of Self-harm in England

Author

Clements, Caroline, Farooq, Bushra, Hawton, Keith, Geulayov, Galit, Casey, Deborah, Waters, Keith, Ness, Jennifer, Kelly, Samantha, Townsend, Ellen, Appleby, Louis, and Kapur, Navneet

Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology
Abstract

BackgroundIncreases in poor mental health and suicide have been identified among university students in the UK. However, little is known about self-harm in this group.AimsTo describe and identify care needs of university aged-students who self-harm via comparisons with an age-equivalent non-student group who self-harm.MethodsObservational cohort data from The Multicentre Study of Self-harm in England were used to investigate students aged 18 to 24 years who presented to emergency departments for self-harm, 2003 to 2016. Data were collected via clinician reports and medical records from five hospitals in three English regions. Characteristics, rates, repetition, and mortality outcomes were investigated.ResultsThe student sample included 3491 individuals (983, 28.2 % men; 2507, 71.8 % women; 1 unknown) compared to 7807 (3342, 42.8 % men; 4465, 57.2 % women) non-students. Self-harm increased over time in students (IRR 1.08, 95%CI 1.06–1.10, p ConclusionsSelf-harm in students may be directly related the student experience, such as academic pressure, relocation, and the transition to independent living. Wellbeing initiatives targeting these factors, alongside mental health awareness training for academic and non-academic staff may help to support students at risk.

Published
2023
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11. Unusual cause of light chain cast nephropathy

Author

Kai Wen Chen, David Owen Rees, David Watson, and Mared Owen-Casey

Subjects
Biopsy, Hematologic Neoplasms, Humans, Female, General Medicine, Acute Kidney Injury, Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell, Fatigue, Aged
Abstract

Acute kidney injury due to light chain cast nephropathy is increasingly recognised in patients with haematological malignancies; however, the management and prognosis of this disease remain poorly understood. We describe a case of a 78-year-old woman with known chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) who presented with fatigue and weight loss. She was found to have acute kidney injury, which rapidly worsened during admission. Kidney biopsy showed light chain cast nephropathy and bone marrow biopsy confirmed B-cell CLL. She was started on ibrutinib, halting further deterioration in her renal function and avoiding renal replacement therapy in the first 8 months.

Published
2024

12. Evaluation of the diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) technique for measuring nitrate and ammonium in soil

Author

Krishantha Kodithuwakku, Jianyin Huang, Casey L. Doolette, Sean Mason, John Boland, Enzo Lombi, Niklas J. Lehto, Peter R. Teasdale, Kodithuwakku, Krishantha, Huang, Jianyin, Doolette, Casey LL, Mason, Sean, Boland, John, Lombi, Enzo, Lehto, Niklas JJ, and Teasdale, Peter RR

Subjects
limit of detection, Geochemistry and Petrology, Chemistry (miscellaneous), correlation, Environmental Chemistry, binding capacity, fertiliser efficiency, DGT technique, accumulation, conventional extraction, soil nitrogen availability
Abstract

Environmental context Nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) are the most important soil nitrogen forms for plant growth. However, conventional extraction techniques may introduce artefacts affecting the measurement of plant-available N concentrations following sampling and sample preparation processes. This is the first study of the DGT technique being used to measure NO3-N and NH4-N in a wide range of soils, compared with conventional KCl extraction, and examined different factors that contribute to the plant-availability of these ions in soils. The knowledge would help to optimise soil nitrogen management practices, increase economic benefits and reduce environmental impacts. Rationale The availability of soil nitrogen for plant uptake can be affected by numerous soil factors such as soil texture, moisture and organic matter content, temperature and microbial activity. Conventional extraction techniques may affect the measurement of plant-available N concentrations following sampling and sample preparation processes, including drying, sieving, homogenising, freezing and thawing. The diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) technique can overcome some limitations of the conventional extraction techniques and has been used to successfully estimate the plant-available fractions of nutrients, such as P, K, Zn, Cu and Mn in soils. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the use of DGT for measuring NO3− and NH4+ in a wide variety of soils and examine the factors that contribute to the plant-availability of these ions in soils. Methodology The experiment evaluated the ability of the DGT technique to measure NO3-N and NH4-N in soils using binding layers containing A520E anion exchange resin or Microlite® PrCH cation exchange resin, respectively. The DGT results were compared to those from conventional KCl extraction. Results The A520E- and PrCH-DGTs showed good detection limits for NO3-N (6.90 µg L−1) and NH4-N (6.23 µg L−1) and were able to measure potentially available NO3-N and NH4-N in unfertilised soils. The mass of NO3-N and NH4-N that accumulated on the DGT device increased linearly across soil concentrations ranging from 5 to 300 mg kg−1 NO3-N (depending on soil type) and 5–300 mg kg−1 NH4-N; which is equivalent to fertiliser rates of 75–450 kg ha−1 N. DGTs were used to measure potentially available NO3-N and NH4-N in ten soils with various physical and chemical properties. The DGT results were compared with conventional KCl extraction used to determine soil mineral N. DGT and KCl extraction measured values were significantly correlated with each other for NO3-N (R2 = 0.53; P-value

Published
2023
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13. A Long Time Ago in a Galaxy Far, Far Away: A Candidate z ∼ 12 Galaxy in Early JWST CEERS Imaging

Author

Finkelstein, Steven L., Bagley, Micaela B., Haro, Pablo Arrabal, Dickinson, Mark, Ferguson, Henry C., Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S., Papovich, Casey, Burgarella, Denis, Kocevski, Dale D., Huertas-Company, Marc, Iyer, Kartheik G., Koekemoer, Anton M., Larson, Rebecca L., Pérez-González, Pablo G., Rose, Caitlin, Tacchella, Sandro, Wilkins, Stephen M., Chworowsky, Katherine, Medrano, Aubrey, Morales, Alexa M., Somerville, Rachel S., Yung, L. Y. Aaron, Fontana, Adriano, Giavalisco, Mauro, Grazian, Andrea, Grogin, Norman A., Kewley, Lisa J., Kirkpatrick, Allison, Kurczynski, Peter, Lotz, Jennifer M., Pentericci, Laura, Pirzkal, Nor, Ravindranath, Swara, Ryan, Russell E., Jr., Trump, Jonathan R., Yang, Guang, and The CEERS Team, Almaini, Omar, Amorín, Ricardo O., Annunziatella, Marianna, Backhaus, Bren E., Barro, Guillermo, Behroozi, Peter, Bell, Eric F., Bhatawdekar, Rachana, Bisigello, Laura, Bromm, Volker, Buat, Véronique, Buitrago, Fernando, Calabrò, Antonello, Casey, Caitlin M., Castellano, Marco, Chávez Ortiz, Óscar A., Ciesla, Laure, Cleri, Nikko J., Cohen, Seth H., Cole, Justin W., Cooke, Kevin C., Cooper, M. C., Cooray, Asantha R., Costantin, Luca, Cox, Isabella G., Croton, Darren, Daddi, Emanuele, Davé, Romeel, de la Vega, Alexander, Dekel, Avishai, Elbaz, David, Estrada-Carpenter, Vicente, Faber, Sandra M., Fernández, Vital, Finkelstein, Keely D., Freundlich, Jonathan, Fujimoto, Seiji, García-Argumánez, Ángela, Gardner, Jonathan P., Gawiser, Eric, Gómez-Guijarro, Carlos, Guo, Yuchen, Hamblin, Kurt, Hamilton, Timothy S., Hathi, Nimish P., Holwerda, Benne W., Hirschmann, Michaela, Hutchison, Taylor A., Jaskot, Anne E., Jha, Saurabh W., Jogee, Shardha, Juneau, Stéphanie, Jung, Intae, Kassin, Susan A., Bail, Aurélien Le, Leung, Gene C. K., Lucas, Ray A., Magnelli, Benjamin, Mantha, Kameswara Bharadwaj, Matharu, Jasleen, McGrath, Elizabeth J., McIntosh, Daniel H., Merlin, Emiliano, Mobasher, Bahram, Newman, Jeffrey A., Nicholls, David C., Pandya, Viraj, Rafelski, Marc, Ronayne, Kaila, Santini, Paola, Seillé, Lise-Marie, Shah, Ekta A., Shen, Lu, Simons, Raymond C., Snyder, Gregory F., Stanway, Elizabeth R., Straughn, Amber N., Teplitz, Harry I., Vanderhoof, Brittany N., Vega-Ferrero, Jesús, Wang, Weichen, Weiner, Benjamin J., Willmer, Christopher N. A., Wuyts, Stijn, Zavala, Jorge A., Finkelstein, Steven L. [0000-0001-8519-1130], Bagley, Micaela B. [0000-0002-9921-9218], Haro, Pablo Arrabal [0000-0002-7959-8783], Dickinson, Mark [0000-0001-5414-5131], Ferguson, Henry C. [0000-0001-7113-2738], Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S. [0000-0001-9187-3605], Papovich, Casey [0000-0001-7503-8482], Burgarella, Denis [0000-0002-4193-2539], Kocevski, Dale D. [0000-0002-8360-3880], Huertas-Company, Marc [0000-0002-1416-8483], Iyer, Kartheik G. [0000-0001-9298-3523], Koekemoer, Anton M. [0000-0002-6610-2048], Larson, Rebecca L. [0000-0003-2366-8858], Pérez-González, Pablo G. [0000-0003-4528-5639], Rose, Caitlin [0000-0002-8018-3219], Tacchella, Sandro [0000-0002-8224-4505], Wilkins, Stephen M. [0000-0003-3903-6935], Chworowsky, Katherine [0000-0003-4922-0613], Morales, Alexa M. [0000-0003-4965-0402], Somerville, Rachel S. [0000-0002-6748-6821], Yung, L. Y. Aaron [0000-0003-3466-035X], Fontana, Adriano [0000-0003-3820-2823], Giavalisco, Mauro [0000-0002-7831-8751], Grazian, Andrea [0000-0002-5688-0663], Grogin, Norman A. [0000-0001-9440-8872], Kewley, Lisa J. [0000-0001-8152-3943], Kirkpatrick, Allison [0000-0002-1306-1545], Kurczynski, Peter [0000-0002-8816-5146], Lotz, Jennifer M. [0000-0003-3130-5643], Pentericci, Laura [0000-0001-8940-6768], Pirzkal, Nor [0000-0003-3382-5941], Ravindranath, Swara [0000-0002-5269-6527], Ryan, Russell E., Jr. [0000-0003-0894-1588], Trump, Jonathan R. [0000-0002-1410-0470], Yang, Guang [0000-0001-8835-7722], Almaini, Omar [0000-0001-9328-3991], Amorín, Ricardo O. [0000-0001-5758-1000], Annunziatella, Marianna [0000-0002-8053-8040], Backhaus, Bren E. [0000-0001-8534-7502], Behroozi, Peter [0000-0002-2517-6446], Bell, Eric F. [0000-0002-5564-9873], Bhatawdekar, Rachana [0000-0003-0883-2226], Bisigello, Laura [0000-0003-0492-4924], Bromm, Volker [0000-0003-0212-2979], Buat, Véronique [0000-0003-3441-903X], Buitrago, Fernando [0000-0002-2861-9812], Calabrò, Antonello [0000-0003-2536-1614], Casey, Caitlin M. [0000-0002-0930-6466], Castellano, Marco [0000-0001-9875-8263], Chávez Ortiz, Óscar A. [0000-0003-2332-5505], Ciesla, Laure [0000-0003-0541-2891], Cleri, Nikko J. [0000-0001-7151-009X], Cohen, Seth H. [0000-0003-3329-1337], Cole, Justin W. [0000-0002-6348-1900], Cooke, Kevin C. [0000-0002-2200-9845], Cooper, M. C. [0000-0003-1371-6019], Cooray, Asantha R. [0000-0002-3892-0190], Costantin, Luca [0000-0001-6820-0015], Cox, Isabella G. [0000-0002-1803-794X], Croton, Darren [0000-0002-5009-512X], Daddi, Emanuele [0000-0002-3331-9590], Davé, Romeel [0000-0003-2842-9434], de la Vega, Alexander [0000-0002-6219-5558], Dekel, Avishai [0000-0003-4174-0374], Elbaz, David [0000-0002-7631-647X], Estrada-Carpenter, Vicente [0000-0001-8489-2349], Fernández, Vital [0000-0003-0531-5450], Finkelstein, Keely D. [0000-0003-0792-5877], Freundlich, Jonathan [0000-0002-5245-7796], Fujimoto, Seiji [0000-0001-7201-5066], García-Argumánez, Ángela [0000-0002-8365-5525], Gardner, Jonathan P. [0000-0003-2098-9568], Gawiser, Eric [0000-0003-1530-8713], Gómez-Guijarro, Carlos [0000-0002-4085-9165], Guo, Yuchen [0000-0002-4162-6523], Hamblin, Kurt [0000-0002-6292-4589], Hamilton, Timothy S. [0000-0002-9753-1769], Hathi, Nimish P. [0000-0001-6145-5090], Holwerda, Benne W. [0000-0002-4884-6756], Hirschmann, Michaela [0000-0002-3301-3321], Hutchison, Taylor A. [0000-0001-6251-4988], Jaskot, Anne E. [0000-0002-6790-5125], Jha, Saurabh W. [0000-0001-8738-6011], Jogee, Shardha [0000-0002-1590-0568], Juneau, Stéphanie [0000-0002-0000-2394], Jung, Intae [0000-0003-1187-4240], Kassin, Susan A. [0000-0002-3838-8093], Bail, Aurélien Le [0000-0002-9466-2763], Leung, Gene C. K. [0000-0002-9393-6507], Lucas, Ray A. [0000-0003-1581-7825], Magnelli, Benjamin [0000-0002-6777-6490], Matharu, Jasleen [0000-0002-7547-3385], McGrath, Elizabeth J. [0000-0001-8688-2443], Merlin, Emiliano [0000-0001-6870-8900], Newman, Jeffrey A. [0000-0001-8684-2222], Nicholls, David C. [0000-0003-0892-5203], Pandya, Viraj [0000-0002-2499-9205], Rafelski, Marc [0000-0002-9946-4731], Ronayne, Kaila [0000-0001-5749-5452], Santini, Paola [0000-0002-9334-8705], Seillé, Lise-Marie [0000-0001-7755-4755], Shah, Ekta A. [0000-0001-7811-9042], Shen, Lu [0000-0001-9495-7759], Simons, Raymond C. [0000-0002-6386-7299], Snyder, Gregory F. [0000-0002-4226-304X], Stanway, Elizabeth R. [0000-0002-8770-809X], Straughn, Amber N. [0000-0002-4772-7878], Teplitz, Harry I. [0000-0002-7064-5424], Vanderhoof, Brittany N. [0000-0002-8163-0172], Vega-Ferrero, Jesús [0000-0003-2338-5567], Wang, Weichen [0000-0002-9593-8274], Weiner, Benjamin J. [0000-0001-6065-7483], Willmer, Christopher N. A. [0000-0001-9262-9997], Wuyts, Stijn [0000-0003-3735-1931], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Galaxies and Cosmology
Abstract

We report the discovery of a candidate galaxy with a photo-z of z ∼ 12 in the first epoch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey. Following conservative selection criteria, we identify a source with a robust z phot = 11.8−0.2+0.3 (1σ uncertainty) with m F200W = 27.3 and ≳7σ detections in five filters. The source is not detected at λ < 1.4 μm in deep imaging from both Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and JWST and has faint ∼3σ detections in JWST F150W and HST F160W, which signal a Lyα break near the red edge of both filters, implying z ∼ 12. This object (Maisie’s Galaxy) exhibits F115W − F200W > 1.9 mag (2σ lower limit) with a blue continuum slope, resulting in 99.6% of the photo-z probability distribution function favoring z > 11. All data-quality images show no artifacts at the candidate’s position, and independent analyses consistently find a strong preference for z > 11. Its colors are inconsistent with Galactic stars, and it is resolved (r h = 340 ± 14 pc). Maisie’s Galaxy has log M */M ⊙ ∼ 8.5 and is highly star-forming (log sSFR ∼ −8.2 yr−1), with a blue rest-UV color (β ∼ −2.5) indicating little dust, though not extremely low metallicity. While the presence of this source is in tension with most predictions, it agrees with empirical extrapolations assuming UV luminosity functions that smoothly decline with increasing redshift. Should follow-up spectroscopy validate this redshift, our universe was already aglow with galaxies less than 400 Myr after the Big Bang.

Published
2022

17. Glassy cell carcinoma of the cervix: Findings from a combined National Cancer Database analysis and single institution review of treatment patterns and outcomes

Author

Monica D. Levine, David A. Barrington, Caitlin E. Meade, Sydney M. Lammers, Eric M. McLaughlin, Adrian A. Suarez, Floor J. Backes, Larry J. Copeland, David M. O'Malley, Casey M. Cosgrove, David E. Cohn, Christa I. Nagel, Ashley S. Felix, and Kristin L. Bixel

Subjects
Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Published
2023
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19. Safety and efficacy of valbenazine for the treatment of chorea associated with Huntington's disease (KINECT-HD): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Author

Erin Furr Stimming, Daniel O Claassen, Elise Kayson, Jody Goldstein, Raja Mehanna, Hui Zhang, Grace S Liang, Dietrich Haubenberger, Jamie Adams, Christopher Beck, Cheryl Chen, Martha Nance, Claudia Testa, Patricia Huffman, Amy Chesire, Frederick Marshall, Praveen Dayalu, Angela Stovall, Deborah Hall, Jacob Hawkins, Letty Ginsburg, Henry Moore, Tiago Mestre, Tanya Thompson, Natalie Connors, H. Diana Rosas, Allison Daley, Sandra K. Kostyk, Casey Mitchell, Amy Hellman, Sheryl Houston, Danielle Buchanan, Katherine McDonell, Stewart A. Factor, Elaine Sperin, Andrea Hurt, Joanne Wojcieszek, Mike Adurogbangba, Lynn A. Raymond, Jody Corey-Bloom, Chase Snell, Courtney Blair, Victor Sung, Sophia Antonioli, Jacqueline Fung, Simon Laganiere, Luis Sierra, William M. Mallonee, Greg Suter, Danny Bega, Zsa Zsa Brown, Lawrence Elmer, Nancy Vollmar, Debra del Castillo, Yi-Han Lin, Kelly Andrzejewski, Patricia Weigel, Trevor Hawkins, Kendra Kirby, Cimmaron Retzik-Stahr, Lauren Seeberger, Rohit Dhall, Anja Rassmann, McKenzie Luxmore, Burton Scott, James Boyd, Katherine Chan, Nikolaus McFarland, Kyle Rizer, Patricia Conlon, Valerie Suski, Federico Rodriguez-Porcel, Sandra Wilson, Christine Farrell, David Hunter, David Houghton, Sarah Seoane, Clare Gibbons, Philippe Rizek, Robin Kuprewicz, Steven Lo, Miroslav Cuturic, Vicki Segro, Kate Greenly, Fredy Revilla, Enrique Urrea-Mendoza, Kevin J. Black, Thomas Davis, Natividad Stover, Andrew Duker, Jay Van Gerpen, Peter Hedera, William Ondo, Karen Anderson, Stephen Bradley, Ken Cheung, and Samuel Frank

Subjects
Neurology (clinical)
Published
2023
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20. Smooth Muscle Cell Klf4 Expression Is Not Required for Phenotype Modulation or Aneurysm Formation in Marfan Syndrome Mice—Brief Report

Author

Albert J. Pedroza, Alex R. Dalal, Rohan Shad, Nobu Yokoyama, Ken Nakamura, Olivia Mitchel, Casey Gilles, William Hiesinger, and Michael P. Fischbein

Subjects
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract

Background: Smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic reprogramming toward a mixed synthetic-proteolytic state is a central feature of aortic root aneurysm in Marfan syndrome (MFS). Previous work identified Klf4 as a potential mediator of SMC plasticity in MFS. Methods: MFS ( Fbn1 C1041G/+ ) mouse strains with an inducible vascular SMC fluorescent reporter ( MFS SMC ) with or without SMC-specific deletion of Klf4 exons 2 to 3 ( MFS SMC-Klf4Δ ) were generated. Simultaneous SMC tracing and Klf4 loss-of-function ( Klf4Δ mice) was induced at 6 weeks of age. Aneurysm growth was assessed via serial echocardiography (4–24 weeks). Twenty-four-week-old mice were assessed via histology, RNA in situ hybridization, and aortic single-cell RNA sequencing. Results: MFS mice demonstrated progressive aortic root dilatation compared with control (WT SMC ) mice regardless of Klf4 genotype ( P MFS SMC-Klf4Δ versus MFS SMC ( P =0.884). Efficient SMC Klf4 deletion was confirmed via lineage-stratified genotyping, RNA in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. Single-cell RNA sequencing of traced SMCs revealed a highly similar pattern of phenotype modulation marked by loss of contractile markers (eg, Myh11, Cnn1 ) and heightened expression of matrix genes (eg, Col1a1, Fn1 ) between Klf4 genotypes. Pseudotemporal quantitation of SMC dedifferentiation confirmed that Klf4 deletion did not alter the global extent of phenotype modulation, but reduced expression of 23 genes during this phenotype transition in MFS SMC-Klf4Δ mice, including multiple chondrogenic genes expressed by only the most severely dedifferentiated SMCs (eg, Cytl1, Tnfrsf11b ). Conclusions: Klf4 is not required to initiate SMC phenotype modulation in MFS aneurysm but may exert regulatory control over chondrogenic genes expressed in highly dedifferentiated SMCs.

Published
2023
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24. Techniques for Managing the Subscapularis and Addressing Failures of the Tendon in Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Author

Mark T. Dillon, Casey M. Beleckas, and Ronald A. Navarro

Subjects
Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Surgery
Abstract

Anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) is an accepted treatment for a variety of degenerative conditions of the glenohumeral joint. The manner in which the subscapularis tendon is handled during the approach in aTSA is not universally agreed on. Failure of the repair after aTSA has been shown to be associated with poorer outcomes in some cases. There is no consensus on how to treat failures, as all techniques described in the literature demonstrate shortcomings. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the methods of handling the tendon in aTSA and to review options for treating failure following surgery. [ Orthopedics . 202x;4x(x):xx–xx.]

Published
2023
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25. Vortex Interaction Characteristics of Multiswept Wings at Subsonic Speeds

Author

Mehdi Ghoreyshi, Casey Fagley, and Jürgen Seidel

Subjects
Aerospace Engineering
Abstract

Despite the sufficient knowledge on the physics of vortices formed over slender delta wings, there is a lack of understanding about how corotating and counter-rotating vortices near the wing leading edge interact with each other. The vortex interaction will depend on the wing planform, leading-edge sweeps, leading-edge shapes, angle of attack, angle of sideslip, and the Reynolds number. In this study, experiments were performed on a range of planform configurations to determine the influence of multisweep wing configurations on the vortex interactions and breakdown thereof. Force/moment measurements were conducted to understand globally the effect of the planform configuration, whereas particle tracking surface oil flow and stereoscopic particle image velocimetry were employed to detect interactions locally in the flowfield. Results were validated against corresponding numerical simulations and past experiments. Comprehensive results indicated a strong correlation between the chord ratios of the initial sweep on the suppression of vortex breakdown. Specifically, two cases with varying chord ratios were identified that exhibited unique vortex breakdown progression (gradual and rapid). Flowfield measurements elucidated key flow features responsible for the differing breakdown progression.

Published
2023
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26. Development of Long Duration Button Cell Test Stands and Testing Protocols

Author

Jeremy Hartvigsen, Nicholas Kane, Micah Casteel, Joshua Gomez, Cameron Priest, Lucun Wang, Casey White, Richard Boardman, and Dong Ding

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Increasing the longevity of SOEC systems is a key impact for hydrogen production. Improving stack lifetime from 20,000 to 60,0000 hours results in a cost reduction of $.20 on the levelized cost of hydrogen. Long duration test stand development for button cells is a growing need to establish Accelerated Stress Testing, and long-duration testing benchmarks. Improving the reliability of test stands and long-term cell testing enables deeper investigations into long-term degradation behavior. Significant deviations between cell degradation mechanisms during the initial 500 hours of operation and the mechanisms after 500 hours exist. Establishing the mechanisms of long-duration degradation as opposed to initial break-in stability is necessary in order to achieve reliable systems that can operate for upwards of 80,000 hours.

Published
2023
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27. Accelerated Stress Testing of Standard Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells

Author

Nicholas Kane, Jeremy Hartvigsen, Micah Casteel, Cameron Priest, Joshua Gomez, Lucun Wang, Casey White, Richard Boardman, and Dong Ding

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

One limitation of the commercialization of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC) is high degradation rates leading to increased costs. The degradation mechanisms are sophisticated and closely related to operating time, with some mechanisms not appearing for thousands of hours. To decrease degradation, a thorough understanding of the relevant mechanisms is required. Accelerated stress tests (AST) can help elucidate mechanisms by amplifying degradation on realistic time scales, allowing for faster analysis. Pulsed width modulation (PWM) excitation of SOECs can help investigate degradation mechanisms by testing electrochemical conditions typically not possible without thermal destruction of the cell. An initial demonstration of a PWM AST is shown to effectively cycle the cell between 1.3 and 1.7 V at 1 Hz, while the resulting current density and impedance track the degradation of the cell.

Published
2023
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29. An examination of the lyrical construction of Pop music

Author

Casey Hart and George Day

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

The current study examines the use of five different dimensions of language in popular music based on the sex of the performer. Theoretically grounded in both social cognitive theory and cultivation theory, the study analyzes popular music as a vehicle for enculturating gender norms within society. Sampling and analyzing over 700 popular songs, the lyrical construction of songs performed by females and males is compared. Similarities are found in many key areas, while differences are identified in the specific areas of power language and social language. Additional differences are identified and discussed when artists perform in mixed-sex groups. Based on the results, a discussion of the prominence of male writers and lack of female representation in the music industry is included.

Published
2023
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30. How Libraries are Funded: Transparency Issues in Student Tuition and Fees Among ARL Libraries

Author

Casey Hoeve and Kiyomi Deards

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

This article explores how ARL libraries affiliated with institutions of higher education receive funding, or not, through library related fees collected as part of tuition and fees payments. The authors from the University of XXXX (XXXX) wanted to examine how their library fee funding compared with their peers. They were motivated to research this topic due to the combined impacts of COVID-19, the serials crisis, and recent budget reductions. Data was collected from publicly available tuition and fees data on university websites. Analysis revealed that student library fees at XXXX are significantly lower than other ARL libraries, and that there is a lack of transparency in how libraries are funded through tuition related library fees.

Published
2023
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31. Method development for the evaluation of emergency decontamination protocol effectiveness using an ultraviolet fluorescent aerosol

Author

Emily M. Spatz, Jeremy M. Slagley, Casey Cooper, Robert Eninger, and Trevor Sleight

Subjects
Emergency Medicine, General Medicine, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Safety Research
Abstract

After hazardous material incidents, it is important to perform emergency decontamination procedures to remove contamination from the body. As these emergency decontamination procedures are developed, it is important to understand the efficacy of a given protocol. This study discusses a method that was developed to evaluate the efficacy of decontamination procedures by using an ultraviolet fluorescent aerosol and an image analysis protocol. This method involves imaging a mannequin while both unclothed and clothed prior to exposure to the fluorescent aerosol. After exposure, it was imaged again, disrobed, and decontaminated following an unconscious patient wet decontamination method. This work describes in detail the materials and methods used to develop the final methodology. Two clothing types (black cotton and Tyvek) were used to simulate civilian and first responder casualties. Image analysis was used to measure the extent of contamination on the mannequin at each stage of the procedure. These measurements were then compared to determine decontamination efficacy for each step (disrobing, wet decontamination, and total removal). The exposure protocol was shown to provide repeatable deposition of aerosol onto the mannequin. Decontamination was also shown to be repeatable, with no trends toward efficacy changing over time.

Published
2023
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32. Responses of Lotus pedunculatus to sulphur fertiliser and defioliation regime in acid soils at low temperature

Author

David Stevens, Marie Casey, Charlie Bennett, Bryan Thompson, Nick Garden, and Pat Garden

Subjects
Soil Science, Plant Science, Agronomy and Crop Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract

The potential for Lotus pedunculatus is greatest in acid soils on hill and high country, but requires establishment success, nutrient supply and grazing management. This work investigated the role of sulphur fertiliser and the influence of defoliation regime on production of Lotus in low pH, high aluminium soils. Yields measured in year one were positively related to soil sulphate but not phosphorus. Sulphur, applied at two sites (low or high productivity) at 0, 24 or 78 kg S/ha, failed to alter yield over three years. The site, at 1000 m a.s.l., had base vegetation of unimproved tussock, low soil pH and P (4.8 and 7 respectively) and high Al (30-40 ppm). Yields ranged between 1900 and 3200 kg DM/ha/annum and was reduced when initial plant numbers were lower. Lotus contributed 65- 85% of the herbage for grazing (excluding tussocks). Yields were maximised by defoliation to 2 cm height each season or once in autumn. Establishing high plant numbers increased productivity. Single, late season grazing promoted rhizome development and resulted in the highest yields by year 3. Grazing to 2 or 5 cm residual once a season produced similar herbage, but lower rhizome development.

Published
2023
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34. Profiling the human intestinal environment under physiological conditions

Author

Dari Shalon, Rebecca Neal Culver, Jessica A. Grembi, Jacob Folz, Peter V. Treit, Handuo Shi, Florian A. Rosenberger, Les Dethlefsen, Xiandong Meng, Eitan Yaffe, Andrés Aranda-Díaz, Philipp E. Geyer, Johannes B. Mueller-Reif, Sean Spencer, Andrew D. Patterson, George Triadafilopoulos, Susan P. Holmes, Matthias Mann, Oliver Fiehn, David A. Relman, and Kerwyn Casey Huang

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Bacteria, Proteome, General Science & Technology, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Oral and gastrointestinal, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Intestines, Bile Acids and Salts, Feces, Clinical Research, Underpinning research, Metabolome, Humans, Bacteriophages, Digestion, Digestive Diseases
Abstract

The spatiotemporal structure of the human microbiome1,2, proteome3 and metabolome4,5 reflects and determines regional intestinal physiology and may have implications for disease6. Yet, little is known about the distribution of microorganisms, their environment and their biochemical activity in the gut because of reliance on stool samples and limited access to only some regions of the gut using endoscopy in fasting or sedated individuals7. To address these deficiencies, we developed an ingestible device that collects samples from multiple regions of the human intestinal tract during normal digestion. Collection of 240 intestinal samples from 15 healthy individuals using the device and subsequent multi-omics analyses identified significant differences between bacteria, phages, host proteins and metabolites in the intestines versus stool. Certain microbial taxa were differentially enriched and prophage induction was more prevalent in the intestines than in stool. The host proteome and bile acid profiles varied along the intestines and were highly distinct from those of stool. Correlations between gradients in bile acid concentrations and microbial abundance predicted species that altered the bile acid pool through deconjugation. Furthermore, microbially conjugated bile acid concentrations exhibited amino acid-dependent trends that were not apparent in stool. Overall, non-invasive, longitudinal profiling of microorganisms, proteins and bile acids along the intestinal tract under physiological conditions can help elucidate the roles of the gut microbiome and metabolome in human physiology and disease.

Published
2023
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37. Women’s Sense of Belonging in Undergraduate Calculus and the Influence of (Inter)Active Learning Opportunities

Author

Casey Regina Griffin

Abstract

Women continue to be underrepresented in undergraduate STEM majors. Prior studies identify sense of belonging, or the extent to which one feels like an accepted member of an academic community, as a key contributor to women’s decisions to stick with or leave their STEM majors. Calculus can be an especially critical leak in the STEM pipeline, as is often seen as a gatekeeper course for STEM majors. Historically, Calculus instruction has been primarily lecture-based, though recently, efforts have shifted toward incorporating instruction that supports active learning. Prior studies have suggested that providing active learning opportunities may support students’ sense of belonging. However, there lacks consensus on the particular types of active learning opportunities that best support students. This mixed methods study investigates connections between women’s sense of belonging and the learning opportunities they experience during the first semester of a two-semester Calculus course designed to provide frequent active learning opportunities. Findings indicate a significant increase in sense of belonging, perceived competence, and social connectedness from Week 1 to Week 7 of the semester. Further, women overwhelmingly identified the interactive nature of group work and interactive lecture as supportive of their sense of belonging for both academic and social reasons.

Published
2023
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39. STIM1 ablation impairs exercise-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy and dysregulates autophagy in mouse hearts

Author

Ingrid M. Bonilla, Stephen Baine, Anastasia Pokrass, Juan Ignacio Elio Mariángelo, Anuradha Kalyanasundaram, Vladimir Bogdanov, Louisa Mezache, Galina Sakuta, Casey M. Beard, Andriy Belevych, Svetlana Tikunova, Radmila Terentyeva, Dmitry Terentyev, Jonathan Davis, Rengasayee Veeraraghavan, Cynthia A. Carnes, and Sandor Györke

Subjects
Physiology, Physiology (medical)
Abstract

Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) has been implicated in pathological cardiac hypertrophy; however, its role in physiological hypertrophy is unknown. Here we report that SOCE is also essential for physiological cardiac hypertrophy and functional adaptations in response to endurance exercise. These adaptations were associated with activation of AKT/mTOR pathway and curtailed cardiac autophagy and degeneration. Thus, SOCE is a common mechanism and an important bifurcation point for signaling paths involved in physiological and pathological hypertrophy.

Published
2023
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46. Auditory and visual category learning in children and adults

Author

Roark, Casey, Lescht, Erica, Wray, Amanda, and Chandrasekaran, Bharath

Subjects
Developmental and Educational Psychology, Life-span and Life-course Studies, Demography
Abstract

Categories are fundamental to everyday life and the ability to learn new categories is relevant across the lifespan. Categories are ubiquitous across modalities, supporting complex processes such as object recognition and speech perception. Prior work has proposed that different categories may engage learning systems with unique developmental trajectories. There is a limited understanding of how perceptual and cognitive development influences learning as prior studies have examined separate participants in a single modality. The current study presents a comprehensive assessment of category learning in 8-12-year-old children (12 Female; 34 white, 1 Asian, 1 more than one race; M household income $85-$100K) and 18-61-year-old adults (13 Female; 32 white, 10 Black or African American, 4 Asian, 2 more than one race, 1 other; M household income $40-55K) in a broad sample collected online from the United States. Across multiple sessions, participants learned categories across modalities (auditory, visual) that engage different learning systems (explicit, procedural). Unsurprisingly, adults outperformed children across all tasks. However, this enhanced performance was asymmetrical across categories and modalities. Adults far outperformed children in learning visual explicit categories and auditory procedural categories, with fewer differences across development for other types of categories. Adults’ general benefit over children was due to enhanced information processing, while their superior performance for visual explicit and auditory procedural categories was associated with less cautious correct responses. These results demonstrate an interaction between perceptual and cognitive development that influences learning of categories that may correspond to the development of real-world skills such as speech perception and reading.

Published
2023
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47. Future directions in psychiatric neurosurgery: Proceedings of the 2022 American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery meeting on surgical neuromodulation for psychiatric disorders

Author

Frederick L. Hitti, Alik S. Widge, Patricio Riva-Posse, Donald A. Malone, Michael S. Okun, Maryam M. Shanechi, Kelly D. Foote, Sarah H. Lisanby, Elizabeth Ankudowich, Srinivas Chivukula, Edward F. Chang, Aysegul Gunduz, Clement Hamani, Ashley Feinsinger, Cynthia S. Kubu, Winston Chiong, Jennifer A. Chandler, Rafael Carbunaru, Binith Cheeran, Robert S. Raike, Rachel A. Davis, Casey H. Halpern, Nora Vanegas-Arroyave, Dejan Markovic, Sarah K. Bick, Cameron C. McIntyre, R. Mark Richardson, Darin D. Dougherty, Brian H. Kopell, Jennifer A. Sweet, Wayne K. Goodman, Sameer A. Sheth, and Nader Pouratian

Subjects
General Neuroscience, Biophysics, Neurology (clinical)
Published
2023
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