Search

Este trabalho objetiva avaliar o conhecimento dos estudantes de Medicina sobre as Doenças tropicas negligenciadas como: Doença de Chagas, Esquistossomose e Leishmaniose e os fatores a ela relacionados. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de caráter qualiquantitativo, realizado com acadêmicos do 9º e 12º semestre de Medicina por meio de um questionário semiestruturado associado aos aspectos clínicos e biológicos dessas doenças.

INTRODUÇÃO: A Síndrome Stickler é uma colagenopatia, rara, hereditária e caráter autossômica dominante, sua incidência é de 1/7500 nascimentos. APRESENTAÇÃO CASO: GPS, sexo masculino, 5 anos, admitido no Hospital das Clínicas de Goiânia, portador de miopia importante e fissura palatina desde o nascimento, queixava-se de baixa acuidade visual há 3meses. Durante a inspeção, foram evidenciados face plana, maxilar curto, olhos proeminentes e pregas epicantais. DISCUSSÃO: A síndrome é caracterizada por um artro-oftalmopatia, ou seja, anormalidades esqueléticas, anomalias orofaciais, perda auditiva, osteoartrite prematura, perda neuro-sensorial,fenda palatina, miopatia grave e cegueira. É classificada de acordo com a mutação em Tipo I, II e III. CONCLUSÃO: Por se tratar de uma síndrome genética rara, é de difícil diagnóstico, necessita de uma análise fenotípica, um quadro clínico favorável e história familiar. Não existe um tratamento curativo. Portanto, quanto mais precoce seu diagnóstico, a intervenção será mais rápida e melhor será o prognóstico.

Introdução: O Adenoma Pleomórfico é o mais comum dentre os tumores benignos, desenvolvendo-se em áreas de tecido glandular, apesar de ser uma importante patologia glandular salivar, o acometimento da glândula submandibular não é o mais prevalente, e sim o da glândula parótida, o que acaba por negligenciar tal manifestação. Apresentação do Caso: Paciente com 38 anos, sexo feminino, melanoderma, procurou o serviço de otorrinolaringologia devido aparecimento de nódulo em região cervical há cerca de 04 anos, associado à limitação de movimento, com prejuízo estético há 02 meses. Nega dor. Ao exame físico local, evidenciou-se lesão nodular de consistência firme, unilocular. À análise histológica, evidenciou ausência de sinais de malignidade. Discussão: O Adenoma Pleomórfico tem crescimento lento, normalmente, perceptível previamente à consulta médica, de anos a meses, apresentando-se de forma muito semelhante a uma linfonodomegalia cervical, indolor e de consistência firme, podendo se manifestar em todas as idades, com predominância entre os 40 e 50 anos, sendo a excisão cirúrgica com margem de segurança seu tratamento de referência, na maioria das vezes, com um excelente prognóstico e baixo índice de recidivas. Conclusão: A evolução lenta é determinante para a percepção atrasada da lesão em questão, e consequentemente, para a necessidade de excisão cirúrgica, para que se tenha um bom prognóstico, além do aumento nas chances de malignização do tumor, o que torna necessário que haja uma maior exploração do tema ao longo da graduação médica, a fim de repercutir na otimização do diagnóstico e tratamento em níveis de saúde menos avançados e mais acessíveis à população em geral.

Self-powered electronic devices have been widely sought after in the last few years demanding efficient harvesting of locally available forms of energy. Electromagnetic generators are suitable contenders for powering both small-scale and large-scale devices due to their widespread availability and customizability. New promising magnet levitation architectures for mechanical vibration energy harvesting offer low production and maintenance costs, as well as a wide array of designs. They also exhibit complex non-linear and hysteretic resonant behaviors. Nonetheless, their performance is typically optimized towards external excitations with very specific characteristics. In this study, we theoretically and experimentally prove the concept of an instrumented self-adaptive levitation generator with on/off coil switching employing an accelerometer, transmission gate switches and a processing system. This adaptable system is able to periodically turn off coils not contributing to the generated electromotive forces for certain frequencies and amplitudes of the input excitations. Taking the power consumption of instrumentation into account, power gains up to ≈ 26% were achieved for harmonic inputs with randomly time changing frequencies and amplitudes. Using a prototype generator with 140.7 cm^3, output average powers of up to 1.79 W (i.e., 12.7 kW/m^3) were extracted for optimal electrical loads under non-linear resonant conditions. Significant increases in electric power efficiencies were achieved as well. These promising results should pave the way towards intelligent self-adapting energy generators. in publication

Developing cultivars with superior performance in different cultivation environments is one of the main challenges of breeding programs. The current adaptability and stability analyses have limitations, especially when used with trials with genetic or statistical imbalances, heterogeneity of residual variances, and genetic covariance. Thus, adaptability and stability analyses based on mixed model approaches are an effective alternative in such cases. We propose a new methodology for genotypic adaptability and stability analyses, based on Legendre polynomials and genotype-ideotype distances aiming at greater precision when recommending cultivars. We applied the methodology to a set of common bean cultivars throughout a multi-environment trial. We used a set of 13 trials, where they were classified in unfavorable or favorable environments, depending on the average of the cultivars in these trials. The results showed that the methodology allows to predict the genotypic values of cultivars in environments where they were not evaluated with high accuracy values, therefore circumventing the imbalance of the experiments. From these values, it was possible to measure the genotypic adaptability according to ideotypes. The stability of the cultivars was quantified as the invariance of their behavior throughout the trials. The use of ideotypes based on real data allowed a better comparison of the performance of cultivars across environments.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Genotypes of elephant grass and their respective codes. The genotypes are part of the Active Elephant grass Germplasm Bank (BAGCE) maintained by Embrapa Gado de Leite (Embrapa Dairy Cattle).

Primers used for qPCR-RT assays. (DOCX 14 kb)

Correlations and p-values among all traits assessed in low-P conditions. (field and hydroponics). (DOCX 30 kb)

Descriptive statistics and variance components for traits assessed in low-P conditions. (field and hydroponics). (DOCX 27 kb)

Detailed information of the QTLs detected by multi-trait QTL mapping. (DOCX 24 kb)

Additional file 2: Table S2. Phenotyping data for the 100 elephant grass genotypes obtained on five cuttings (days 250, 500, 815, 1405 and 1615 after the uniformity cut). Abbreviations used: Cut (cutting day), Gen (genotype - see codes in Table S1), Cut.Rep (concatenation of cut and rep columns), Int (genotype by cutting interaction), Rep (replication), Height (in meters), GB (green biomass, in Mg ha-1), DB (dry biomass, in Mg ha-1), DM (dry matter concentration, in %), ADF (acid detergent fiber, in g Kg-1), NDF (neutral detergent fiber, in g Kg-1), DIG (biomass digestibility, in g Kg-1) and LIG (Lignin content, in g Kg-1).

Additional file 3: Table S3. Molecular data for the 90 elephant grass genotypes. “Code” indicates de code of the genotypes (see Additional file 1: Table S1).

Flowering is an important agronomic trait. Quantile regression (QR) can be used to fit models for all portions of a probability distribution. In Genome-wide association studies (GWAS), QR can estimate SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) effects on each quantile of interest. The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters and to use QR to identify genomic regions for phenological traits (Days to first flower - DFF; Days for flowering - DTF; Days to end of flowering - DEF) in common bean. A total of 80 genotypes of common beans, with 3 replicates were raised at 4 locations and seasons. Plants were genotyped for 384 SNPs. Traditional single-SNP and 9 QR models, ranging from equally spaced quantiles (τ) 0.1 to 0.9, were used to associate SNPs to phenotype. Heritabilities were moderate high, ranging from 0.32 to 0.58. Genetic and phenotypic correlations were all high, averaging 0.66 and 0.98, respectively. Traditional single-SNP GWAS model was not able to find any SNP-trait association. On the other hand, when using QR methodology considering one extreme quantile (τ=0.1) we found, respectively 1 and 7, significant SNPs associated for DFF and DTF. Significant SNPs were found on Pv01, Pv02, Pv03, Pv07, Pv10 and Pv11 chromosomes. We investigated potential candidate genes in the region around these significant SNPs. Three genes involved in the flowering pathways were identified, including Phvul.001G214500, Phvul.007G229300 and Phvul.010G142900.1 on Pv01, Pv07 and Pv10, respectively. These results indicate that GWAS-based QR was able to enhance the understanding on genetic architecture of phenological traits (DFF and DTF) in common bean.&nbsp

The objective of this work was to study the density of trichomes and hydrocarbons associated with the resistance by antixenosis of 42 subsamples of tomato plants from the Horticultural Germplasm Bank of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (HGB-UFV) to Liriomyza trifolii. These subsamples were studied in addition to 'Santa Clara' cultivar, which was used as a standard of susceptibility to leafminers. The evaluated characteristics were the number of mined leaflets per plant, mines per plant, trichome density and chemical compounds in the leaves. Differences were detected among the subsamples in the variables studied. We identified 20 peaks in the chromatograms of leaf hexane extract the subsamples tested. The subsamples HGBs - 216, 813, 985, 987, 991, 992, 993, 1532, 1989, 1991, 2048, 2055, 2064, 2068, 2073, 2075, 2089, 2096 and 2097 were selected as sources of resistance to L. trifolii. The resistance mechanism associated to these subsamples was antixenosis. In addition, the low density of trichomes and the chemical compounds in the subsamples can be possible causes of pest resistance.O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar a densidade de tricomas e os hidrocarbonetos associados à resistência por antixenose de 42 subamostras de tomateiro do Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (BGH-UFV) a Liriomyza trifolii. Essas subamostras foram estudadas e a cultivar 'Santa Clara' que foi utilizada como padrão de suscetibilidade a insetos minadores. As características avaliadas foram os números de folíolos minados/planta, minas/planta, densidade de tricomas e compostos químicos presentes nas folhas. Detectaram-se diferenças entre as subamostras nas variáveis avaliadas. Foram identificados 20 picos nos cromatogramas dos extratos hexânicos das folhas das subamostras testadas. As subamostras HGBs - 216, 813, 985, 987, 991, 992, 993, 1532, 1989, 1991, 2048, 2055, 2064, 2068, 2073, 2075, 2089, 2096 e 2097 foram selecionadas como fontes de resistência a L. trifolii. O mecanismo de resistência associado dessas subamostras foi a antixenose. Além disso, a baixa densidade de tricomas e compostos químicos presentes nas subamostras avaliadas podem ser as possíveis causas da resistência à praga.

It is often argued that engaging in indoor residual spraying (IRS) in areas with high coverage of mosquito bed nets may discourage net ownership and use. This is just a case of a public program inducing perverse incentives. We analyze new data from a randomized control trial conducted in Eritrea which surprisingly shows the opposite: IRS encouraged net acquisition and use. Our evidence points to the role of imperfect information. The introduction of IRS may have made the problem of malaria more salient, leading to a change in beliefs about its importance and to an increase in private health investments.

This paper provides new estimates of the medium and long-term impacts of Head Start on the health and behavioral problems of its participants. We identify these impacts using discontinuities in the probability of participation induced by program eligibility rules. Our strategy allows us to identify the effect of Head Start for the set of individuals in the neighborhoods of multiple discontinuities, which vary with family size, state and year (as opposed to a smaller set of individuals neighboring a single discontinuity). Participation in the program reduces the incidence of behavioral problems, serious health problems and obesity of male children at ages 12 and 13. It also lowers depression and obesity among adolescents, and reduces engagement in criminal activities for young adults.

Enforcement of labor regulations in the formal sector may drive workers to informality because they increase the costs of formal labor. But better compliance with mandated benefits makes it attractive to be a formal employee. We show that, in locations with frequent inspections workers pay for mandated benefits by receiving lower wages. Wage rigidity prevents downward adjustment at the bottom of the wage distribution. As a result, lower paid formal sector jobs become attractive to some informal workers, inducing them to want to move to the formal sector.

Uma das maiores preocupações da Federação Internacional de Futebol (FIFA) ao realizar qualquer competição é a acessibilidade. O tema é abordado em vários capítulos do documento ―Football Stadiums: Technical recommendations and requirements‖, em sua 5ª edição, publicada este ano, que trata não somente das adequações e adaptações dos estádios de futebol, mas também das arenas de futebol de praia e dos ginásios de futsal. Ademais, nosso País possui legislação das mais avançadas no mundo, cite-se: a Lei nº 10.098, de 19 de dezembro de 2000, que estabelece normas gerais e critérios básicos para a promoção da acessibilidade das pessoas portadoras de deficiência ou com mobilidade reduzida, e dá outras providências, seu decreto regulamentador (Decreto nº 5.296, de 2 de dezembro de 2004), além de várias normas reguladoras publicadas pela Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT), das quais se destaca, para esta exposição, a ABNT NBR 9050 sobre acessibilidade a edificações, mobiliário, espaços e equipamentos urbanos. Seguidas todas as especificações da FIFA e da legislação brasileira, o Brasil poderá sediar a Copa do Mundo de maior respeito ao tema acessibilidade. Neste texto, feito com o objetivo de ser uma introdução ao tema vinculado à questão das obras que estão sendo realizadas para a Copa do Mundo FIFA Brasil 2014, o tema é tratado em quatro seções.

We study the intergenerational effects of maternal education on children's cognitive achievement, behavioral problems, grade repetition and obesity. We address endogeneity of maternal schooling by instrumenting with variation in schooling costs when the mother grew up. Using matched data from the female participants of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) and their children, we can control for mother's ability and family background factors. Our results show substantial intergenerational returns to education. For children aged 7-8, for example, our IV results indicate that an additional year of mother's schooling increases the child's performance on a standardized math test by almost 0.1 of a standard deviation, and reduces the incidence of behavioral problems. Our data set allows us to study a large array of channels which may transmit the effect of maternal education to the child, including family environment and parental investments at different ages of the child. We find that income effects, delayed childbearing, and assortative mating are likely to be important, and we show that maternal education leads to substantial differences in maternal labor supply. We investigate heterogeneity in returns, and we present results focusing both on very early stages in the child's life as well as adolescent outcomes. We present a falsification exercise to support the validity of our instruments, and our results are found to be robust in a sensitivity analysis. We discuss policy implications and relate our findings to intergenerational mobility.

This paper presents new evidence that increases in college enrollment lead to a decline in the average quality of college graduates between 1960 and 2000, resulting in a decrease of 6 percentage points in the college premium. We show that although a standard demand and supply framework can qualitatively account for the trend in the college and age premia over this period, substantial quantitative adjustments still need to be made to account for changes in quality.

This paper studies the effect of enforcing labor regulation in an economy with a dual labor market. The analysis uses data from Brazil, a country with a large informal sector and strict labor law, where enforcement affects mainly the degree of compliance with mandated benefits (severance pay and health and safety conditions) in the formal sector, and the registration of informal workers. The authors find that stricter enforcement leads to higher unemployment but lower income inequality. They also show that, at the top of the formal wage distribution, workers bear the cost of mandated benefits by receiving lower wages. Wage rigidity (due, say, to the minimum wage) prevents this downward adjustment at the bottom of the income distribution. As a result, formal sector jobs at the bottom of the wage distribution become more attractive, inducing the low-skilled self-employed to search for formal jobs.

This paper extends the method of local instrumental variables developed by Heckman and Vytlacil [Heckman, J. and Vytlacil, E., 1999. Local instrumental variable and latent variable models for identifying and bounding treatment effects. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 96, 4730–4734; Heckman, J. and Vytlacil, E., 2001. Local Instrumental Variables. In: C. Hsiao, K. Morimune, and J. Powells, (Eds.), Nonlinear Statistical Modeling: Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Symposium in Economic Theory and Econometrics: Essays in Honor of Takeshi Amemiya, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, (2000), pp. 1–46; Heckman, J. and Vytlacil E., 2005. Structural equations, treatment, effects and econometric policy evaluation. Econometrica 73(3), 669–738] to the estimation of not only means, but also distributions of potential outcomes. The newly developed method is illustrated by applying it to changes in college enrollment and wage inequality using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth of 1979. Increases in college enrollment cause changes in the distribution of ability among college and high school graduates. This paper estimates a semiparametric selection model of schooling and wages to show that, for fixed skill prices, a 14% increase in college participation (analogous to the increase observed in the 1980s), reduces the college premium by 12% and increases the 90-10 percentile ratio among college graduates by 2%.

This paper investigates how enforcement of labour regulation affects the firm's use of informal labour, firm size and firm performance. Using firm level data on employment, capita, and output, census data on informal employment at the city level, and administrative data on enforcement of regulation at the city level, we show that in areas where law enforcement is stricter firms employ a smaller proportion of informal workers. Furthermore, by reducing the firm's access to unregulated labour stricter enforcement is also associated with smaller firms, less fluid labour markets, and (possibly) lower labour productivity. We control for different regional and firm characteristics, and we instrument enforcement with the distance between firm location and the location of an enforcement office, a measure of access of labour inspectors to firms. Taken together, our findings suggest that increased access to labour flexibility frees the firm from growth constraints, and it is likely to contribute to an improvement in productivity.

In this paper the authors estimate the rate of return to firm investments in human capital in the form of formal job training. They use a panel of large firms with unusually detailed information on the duration of training, the direct costs of training, and several firm characteristics such as their output, workforce characteristics, and capital stock. Their estimates of the return to training vary substantially across firms. On average it is -7 percent for firms not providing training and 24 percent for those providing training. Formal job trainingis a good investment for many firms and the economy, possibly yielding higher returns than either investments in physical capital or investments in schooling. In spite of this, observed amounts of formal training are small.

This paper investigates how enforcement of labor regulation affects the firm's use of informal employment and its impact on firm performance. Using firm level data on informal employment and firm performance, and administrative data on enforcement of regulation at the city level, the authors show that in areas where law enforcement is stricter firms employ a smaller amount of informal employment. Furthermore, by reducing the firm's access to unregulated labor, stricter enforcement also decreases average wages, productivity, and investment. The results are robust to several specification changes, and to instrumenting enforcement with (1) measures of access of labor inspectors to firms, and (2) measures of general law enforcement in the area where the firm is located.

This paper summarizes our recent research on evaluating the distributional consequences of social programs. This research advances the economic policy evaluation literature beyond estimating assorted mean impacts to estimate distributions of outcomes generated by different policies and determine how those policies shift persons across the distributions of potential outcomes produced by them. Our approach enables analysts to evaluate the distributional effects of social programs without invoking the "Veil of Ignorance" assumption often used in the literature in applied welfare economics. Our methods determine which persons are affected by a given policy, where they come from in the ex-ante outcome distribution and what their gains are. We apply our methods to analyze two proposed policy reforms in American education. These reforms benefit the middle class and not the poor.