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Here, the efficiency of applying subdoses of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and prostaglandin F2 alfa (PGF2alfa) at the Bai Hui (BH) acupoint for estrus synchronization in sheep was evaluated. Thirty Santa Inês ewes received intravaginal sponges containing 60 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate for 7 days. The animals were divided into five treatments (T) (n=6): T1 (control), 132.5 ug PGF2 alfa (100% of dose) and 300 IU eCG (100% of dose), both intramuscularly (IM); T2, 39.75 ug PGF2 alfa (30% of dose) at the BH acupoint and 300 IU eCG (100% of dose) IM; T3, 132.5 ug PGF2 alfa (100% of dose) IM and 90 IU eCG (30% of dose) at the BH acupoint; T4, 39.75 ug PGF2 alfa (30% of dose) and 90 IU eCG (30% of dose), both at the BH acupoint; and T5, 39.75 ug PGF2 alfa (30% of dose) and 90 IU eCG (30% of dose) both at a false acupoint (IM, at the same location as in T1). After 12 h of sponge removal and hormone application, the ewes were subjected to monitoring for estrus and mating and ultrasound assessments of follicular growth and ovulation time every 12 h. The data were evaluated for normality and subjected to analysis of variance, considering a 5% probability. There were no differences in the percentage of animals in estrus (93.3±9.1%), interval from sponge removal to estrus onset (48.1±6.0 h), interval from sponge removal to estrus end (69.6±5.4 h), duration of estrus (24.0±4.7 h), interval from sponge removal to ovulation (73.7±5.9 h), interval from estrus onset to ovulation (26.5±2.3 h), size of the largest follicle (6.7±0.4 mm), follicular growth rate (0.8±0.1 mm•day-1), number of ovulations (1.3±0.1), and plasma progesterone levels 7 days after ovulation (9.6±2.0 ng•mL-1). The cost of the synchronization protocol per animal was US$ 4.37, 4.12, 2.96, 2.71, and 2.71 for T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively, with 37.99% cost reduction using PGF2 alfa and eCG at 30% of the conventional doses. Therefore, the application of reduced PGF2 alfa (39.75 ug) and eCG (90 IU) doses at the BH or false acupoint effectively synchronized estrus and reduced protocol cost in sheep, indicating that the conventional doses are overestimated. Aqui, foi avaliada a eficiência da aplicação de subdoses de gonadotrofina coriônica equina (eCG) e prostaglandina F2alfa (PGF2alfa) no ponto de acupuntura Bai Hui (BH) para sincronização de estro em ovelhas. Trinta ovelhas Santa Inês receberam esponjas intravaginais contendo 60 mg de acetato de medroxiprogesterona por 7 dias. Os animais foram divididos em cinco tratamentos (T) (n=6): T1 (controle), 132,5 ug PGF2 alfa (100% da dose) e 300 UI de eCG (100% da dose), ambos por via intramuscular (IM); T2, 39,75 µg de PGF2 alfa (30% da dose) no ponto de acupuntura BH e 300 UI eCG (100% da dose) IM; T3, 132,5 ug PGF2 alfa (100% da dose) IM e 90 UI eCG (30% da dose) no ponto de acupuntura BH; T4, 39,75 ug PGF2 alfa (30% da dose) e 90 UI eCG (30% da dose), ambos no ponto de acupuntura BH; e T5, 39,75 ug PGF2 alfa (30% da dose) e 90 UI eCG (30% da dose) ambos em em um falso acuponto IM, no mesmo local que em T1). Após 12 horas da retirada da esponja e aplicação do hormônio, as ovelhas foram submetidas ao monitoramento do estro e acasalamento, e avaliação ultrassonográfica do crescimento folicular e tempo de ovulação a cada 12 horas. Os dados foram avaliados quanto à normalidade e submetidos à análise de variância, considerando 5% de probabilidade. Não houve diferenças na porcentagem de animais em estro (93,3 ± 9,1%), intervalo da remoção da esponja ao início do estro (48,1 ± 6,0 h), intervalo da remoção da esponja ao final do estro (69,6 ± 5,4 h), duração do estro (24,0 ± 4,7 h), intervalo da remoção da esponja à ovulação (73,7 ± 5,9 h), intervalo do início do estro à ovulação (26,5 ± 2,3 h), tamanho do maior folículo (6,7 ± 0,4 mm), taxa de crescimento folicular (0,8 ± 0,1 mm•dia-1), número de ovulações (1,3 ± 0,1) e níveis de progesterona plasmática 7 dias após a ovulação (9,6 ± 2,0 ng mL-1). O custo do protocolo de sincronização por animal foi de US $ 4,37, 4,12, 2,96, 2,71 e 2,71 para T1, T2, T3, T4 e T5, respectivamente, com redução de custo de 37,99% usando PGF2 alfa e eCG a 30% das doses convencionais. Portanto, a aplicação de PGF2alfa (39,75 ug) e eCG reduzida Doses (90 UI) no BH ou falso ponto de acupuntura sincronizaram efetivamente o estro e reduziram o custo do protocolo em ovelhas, indicando que as doses convencionais estão superestimadas.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-05T06:21:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-12-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Eighteen semen samples from nine Santa Ines rams were cryopreserved in order to study the cryoprotective capacity of dimethylacetamide (DMA) at two concentrations (3% and 6%), and its interaction with trehalose (TRE, 100 mOsmol). A further objective of this study was to evaluate in vivo fertility of ram semen cryopreserved with dimethylacetamide. The control treatment was an extender medium with 6% glycerol (GLY). Five treatments were examined: 6% GLY, 3% DMA, 6% DMA, 3% DMA + TRE, and 6% DMA + TRE. After thawing, the kinetic sperm parameters were analyzed using a computerized system. Sperm viability was observed using a multiple parameter sperm staining with propidium iodide (for plasmatic membrane integrity), JC-1 (for mitochondrial membrane potential), and FITC-PSA (for acrosomal integrity). The isosmotic extender with GLY was the most effective medium for the maintenance of sperm characteristics, compared to extenders containing DMA as cryoprotectant. Regarding fertility, the extender medium with 3% DMA may be a safe alternative for sperm cryopreservation, and does not compromise the fertility rates. The addition of TRE decreased the kinetic sperm parameters; however, a positive effect on the integrity of the plasmatic and acrosomal membranes was observed. Univ Fed Bahia, Sch Vet & Anim Sci Med, Ave Adhemar de Barros 500, BR-40170110 Salvador, BA, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Anim Sci, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Embrapa Coastal Tablelands, Anim Reprod Biotechnol Lab, Ave Beira Mar 3250, BR-49025040 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Anim Sci, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the immuno-sterilizing action of anti-gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (anti-GnRH) vaccine in goats. Eighteen male goats were randomly distributed to receive three treatments: T1 (control) - whole animals, and T2 and T3 - application of 0.5 and 1.0 mL of anti-GnRH vaccine, respectively, with six replicates and one goat per experimental unit. Vaccine was administered at 8 months of age and 30 days after the first immunization. Testicular biometry was evaluated monthly, along with seminal collections, for the physical and morphological evaluation of semen. At the time of slaughter, the testicle were collected, and fragments were measured and removed for histological evaluation. The data were evaluated for normality by the Shapiro-Wilk test, followed by appropriate statistical tests for each variable. A reduction in width and length of the right and left testicles was observed and, consequently, the scrotal circumference of the immunized animals reduced after the second vaccine application (P 0.05). Thirty-days after the first vaccine application, there was a negative effect on seminal production and quality; and 60 days after the second application, a pronounced reduction was observed in all seminal parameters in the vaccinated animals, including azoospermia (83.33% of animals; P 0.05). Vaccine application reduced testicular weight, seminiferous tubule diameter, and gonadosomatic and tubulosomatic index (P 0.05), but did not influence the proportion of testicular parenchyma components (P 0.05). Two applications of the anti-GnRH conjugate are effective for the immunological castration of goats, and the 0.5 mL dose is recommended for use in crossbred goats.

This study evaluated the efficiency application of low dose of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) using Hou Hai acupoint for fixed-term artificial insemination (FTAI) in beef cows. Seventy cows received intravaginal devices with progesterone, and 3 mg of estradiol benzoate on day zero (D0) of FTAI. On D9, the devices were removed, and 150 ?g of prostaglandin F2? was applied; the animals were then randomly distributed to three treatment groups: T1 (n = 23), 300 IU of eCG intramuscularly (IM); T2 (n = 23), 90 IU of eCG at acupoint Hou Hai; and T3 (n = 25), 90 IU of eCG at false acupoint IM. On D10, the animals received 1 mg of gonadotropin-releasing hormone IM, and FTAI was performed, 52 h after the devices were removed. The quantitative variables with normal distribution were assessed using analysis of variance at 5% probability. For variables that did not show normal distribution, Kruskal-Wallis test at 5% probability was used. No significant difference was noted among the groups (P > 0.05) for the interval between device withdrawal at ovulation (58.2 ± 12.2 h), diameter of the largest follicle on D9 (9.9 ± 2.2 mm), diameters of the ovulatory follicle (12.2 ± 3.0 mm) and the second largest follicle (6.7 ± 2.1 mm), follicular growth rate (0.8 ± 0.3 mm/d), ovulation rate (82%), corpus luteum size (2.32 ± 0.35 cm2), and pregnancy rate (58.67%). The protocol cost per animal was US$ 10.67 (T1) and US$ 8.50 (T2 and T3). The use of 90 IU of eCG applied at Hou Hai acupoint or at false acupoint caused satisfactory synchronization of estrus in beef cows. In addition, this procedure was cost-effective.

Background: The presence of macroscopic concretions in the urinary system is called urolithiasis. In horses the occurrence is rare. The calculi are generally large and unique spicule concretions, composed of calcium carbonate crystals. Less commonly, the concretions are of mixed crystals of calcium carbonate and of calcium phosphate. The aim of the this work was to report a case of obstructive urethrolithiasis in a horse.Case: A 1-year-and-5-month-old, undefined breed, uncastrated male presented tenesmus, strangury, and dysuria. The horse died seven days after the onset of clinical signs and was referred for necropsy. At necropsy, samples were collected from organs of the abdominal cavity, thoracic cavity, central nervous system and integumentary system. The fragments were fixed in 10% formaldehyde, cleaved, routinely processed for histology and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. A urinary calculus collected during necropsy was sent for chemical analysis. In the abdominal cavity, a large quantity of citrus liquid of uremic odor was observed. Deposition of fibrin filaments in the peritoneum was observed, as well as in diaphragm and abdominal organs. Serosa of the small and large intestine was red with evidence of the capillaries. Kidneys presented multiple slightly protrusive white areas with a maximum diameter of 3 mm. When cutting, these areas were limited to the cortical region. There was rupture of the urinary bladder, diffuse loss of the mucosa with capillary exposure and evidence, as well as the deposition of fibrin and crude blood clots. The opening of the penile urethra presented a urolith of approximately 3.5 x 3 cm in size, with a rough and porous surface, light brown and of a stony consistency. Necrosis of the mucosa and hemorrhage were also observed in the urethra. Microscopically, the kidney showed multiple foci formed by intense inflammatory infiltrate composed of macrophages, neutrophils and plasma cells in the interstitium of the cortical region. In the urinary bladder, there was diffuse necrosis of the lining epithelium, marked inflammatory infiltrate composed mainly of neutrophils in the submucosa, in addition to fibrin deposition and edema. Penile urethra presented changes similar to those described in the urinary bladder. The chemical analysis of the urinary calculus demonstrated the presence of calcium oxalate, triple magnesium ammonia (struvite) phosphate and ammonium in its composition.Discussion: The diagnosis of obstructive urethrolithiasis was established from the clinical-pathological condition. The occurrence of urolithiasis in horses is rare. The lower occurrence in this species is probably attributed to the large amount of mucus produced by the glands in the renal pelvis and the proximal ureter, which acts as a lubricant to prevent the adhesion of the crystals to the urothelium. The absence of sigmoid flexure and vermiform urethral process in equine also influence the low occurrence of the disease, when compared to ruminants. Rupture of the urinary bladder followed by uroperitonitis and nephritis as observed in this case are common consequences in obstructive urolithiasis. Uroliths in equines are generally composed of a variety of hydrated calcium salts and calcium carbonate, magnesium, and phosphorus salts, with less common struvite compounds. Urethrolithiasis is poorly described in horses and can be caused by struvite stones.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-01T18:44:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-04-01T18:49:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ISSN1828-051X-2010-09-64-344-347.pdf: 588640 bytes, checksum: 85e53369e1a536a4cc29c392f771c89c (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of prepubertal ewe lambs to exogenous administration of either medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) or long-acting progesterone (LAP) together with biostimulation. Two Pool Dorset adult males and 75 mixed-breed prepubertal ewe lambs (average of 179 days-old and 30.0 kg) were used. The females were randomly assigned to three different groups. In the first group the females were submitted to the insertion of intravaginal sponges containing MAP (60 mg) for 12 days and were then biostimulated for eight weeks. In the second group the females were submitted to a single injection of LAP (225 mg) and then to biostimulation for eight weeks. In the last group, the females were only submitted to biostimulation for eight weeks. Animals were considered cyclic when plasma progesterone (P4) concentration exceeded 1.0 ng/mL in at least one of two consecutive blood samples taken within a 7-day interval in three distinct experimental moments. After treatments 93.3% of the females disregarding their group started their cyclicity and most of them (92.0%), continued to be cyclic after 63 days of either MAP or LAP together with biostimulation under both male and female effect. We conclude that prepubertal ewe lambs when submitted to protocols of either MAP or LAP followed by biostimulation result in puberty at the 7 month of age. It can be deducted that some ewe lambs submitted to the administration of either MAP or LAP together with biostimulation promoted a multiplier effect upon the other young females that were then stimulated to start cyclicity. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Departamento de Reprodução Animal e Radiologia Veterinária, Botucatu, SP, Brasil Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Departamento de Reprodução Animal e Radiologia Veterinária, Botucatu, SP, Brasil

In order to enhance the use of biotechnology in females it is necessary to have good knowledge of the ovarian events, and thus enable the manipulation of the estrus cycle to concentrate ovulations in an established period of time. In this experiment, we evaluated the ovary response and corpus luteum (CL) parameters in a short-duration protocol associated or not to lecirelin (L)(GnRH) and/or estradiol benzoate (EB). Twenty-four cyclic Santa InÊs ewes were divided into 4 groups: Control animals (G1; n = 6) received 45 μg of d-cloprostenol (Prolise®, Tecnopec, Sao Paulo, Brazil) on Day 0. Intravaginal sponges containing medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP60®, Tecnopec) were inserted on Day 3. Then on Day 7 sponges were removed and 400 IU of eCG and 45 μg of d-cloprostenol were administered. G2 (n = 6) animals underwent the same protocol as G1 but with administration of 1 mg of EB on Day 1; G3 (n = 6) animals underwent the same protocol as G1 but with administration of 25 μg of L (Gestran plus®, Tecnopec) 30 h after sponge withdrawal; G4 (n = 6) animals underwent the same protocol as G1 but with administration of 1 mg of EB on Day 1 and 25 μg of L 30 h after sponge withdrawal. Ewe ovaries were assessed via transrectal ultrasound (US), and CL were measured 4 days after ovulation. On the same day blood samples were taken to measure plasma progesterone levels via radioimmunoassay. Twenty-three out of 24 animals ovulated. One ewe from G4 that did not ovulate was taken out of the experiment. The average size of the largest pre-ovulatory follicle was 7.3 mm (G1), 7.0 mm (G2), 6.8 mm (G3), and 7.4 mm (G4) (P > 0.05). There were 1.8, 1.2, 2.0, and 1.4 ovulated follicles per animal in G1, G2, G3, and G4, respectively. The results for estrus start and duration after sponge withdrawal were G1: 32/38.6; G2: 37/69.3; G3: 29.3/37.3; G4: 44/68 h, respectively. Ovulation time span was G1: 65.3; G2: 88; G3: 53.3; G4: 82.4 h after sponge withdrawal. There was a high correlation of ovary mensuration and progesterone level (r = 0.64; P < 0.0001) on the fourth day after ovulation. Progesterone levels after ovulation were 2.37 ng mL-1 (G1); 1.5 ng mL-1 (G2); 3.22 ng mL-1 (G3) and 1.99 ng mL-1 (G4), being higher in G3 than in G2 (P < 0.05). It was seen that the EB is prejudicial to the CL function. Despite the fact that there was no significant difference of progesterone levels within G1, G3, and G4, animals in G3 displayed higher levels of progesterone; hence, there is a need for further studies using a larger number of animals and fertility test. CNPq e Tecnopec.

Eleven semen samples from Santa Ines breed rams were cryopreserved with the objective of studying the effect of the dimethyl acetamide (DMA, 3%) or glycerol (GL, 6%) in an extender (Tris) with or without trehalose (TRE, 100 mOsmol) on post-thaw sperm viability and fertility. After the evaluation, the semen was diluted in extenders (TRIS+GL6%; TRIS+GL6%+TRE; TRIS+DMA3%; Tris+DMA3%+TRE) and then frozen. The post-thaw kinetic sperm parameters evaluated were the percentage of total motility (TM) and rapid spermatozoa (RAP), track speed (VCL), lateral amplitude of head (ALH), and linearity (LIN). The sperm viability was verified using the fluorescence markers propidium iodide (PMI, plasmatic membrane integrity), JC-1 (MMP, mitochondrial membrane potential), and FITC-PSA (ACI, acrosomal integrity). The spectrum of DNA sperm damage was assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay), and the measurements performed were tail moment (TMOM) and tail intensity (TINT; Comet Assay II software, Perceptive Instruments, Haverhill, UK). The sheep estrus synchronization protocol (n = 170) was 12 days of sponge with 60 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate and 300 UI of eCG i.m. at sponge withdrawal. The ewes were inseminated on 57.5 h after sponge removal with 150 × 106 of live spermatozoa. The conception rates (CR) were verified for ultrasonography 45 days after insemination. The statistical analysis was performed using SAS software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). The means (±SEM) of in vitro post-thaw sperm parameters and fertility rates are shown in Table 1. The greatest (P < 0.05) rates of TM and RAP for the GLY groups were observed in relation to the DMA ones. It was also verified the inferiority (P < 0.05) in the VCL and ALH for the trehalose extenders in both groups with GLY and DMA. The values (%) of TINT and TMOM were 14.9 and 03.9, 15.8 and 03.8, 14.7 and 02.9, and 16.6 and 04.4, respectively, for TRIS+GL6%, TRIS+GL6%+TRE, TRIS+DMA3%, and TRIS+DMA3%+TRE (P > 0.05). The integrity rates of all sperm membranes were superior for TRIS+GL6% in relation to TRIS+DMA3%. In conclusion, the DMA had apoor cryoprotective effect for ram semen. The addition of trehalose promoted negative effect on sperm kinetics, although it improved levels of PMM post-thawing in the DMA extender. The conception rate did not present a difference (P > 0.05) among the groups. Table 1.