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Exoplanetary properties depend on stellar properties: to know the planet with accuracy and precision it is necessary to know the star as accurately and precisely as possible. Our immediate aim is to characterize in a homogeneous and accurate way a sample of 27 transiting planet-hosting stars observed within the GAPS program. We determined stellar parameters (effective temperature, surface gravity, rotational velocity) and abundances of 26 elements (Li,C,N,O,Na,Mg,Al,Si,S,Ca,Sc,Ti,V,Cr,Fe,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Y,Zr,Ba,La,Nd,Eu). Our study is based on high-resolution HARPS-N@TNG and FEROS@ESO spectra and uniform techniques. We derived kinematic properties from Gaia data and estimated for the first time in exoplanet host stars ages using elemental ratios as chemical clocks. Teff of our stars is of 4400-6700 K, while [Fe/H] is within -0.3 and 0.4 dex. Lithium is present in 7 stars. [X/H] and [X/Fe] abundances vs [Fe/H] are consistent with the Galactic Chemical Evolution. The dependence of [X/Fe] with the condensation temperature is critically analyzed with respect to stellar and kinematic properties. All targets with measured C and O abundances show C/O, Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A. 31 pages, 19 figures, 10 tables. Abstract shortened

We observed the planet-hosting star KELT-9 (A-type star, vsini ~110 km/s) in the framework of the GAPS project (Global Architecture of Planetary Systems). GAPS is a long-term italian program using the HARPS-N and GIANO-B spectrographs at the TNG telescope in order to detect and characterize planetary systems, with a strong focus on the study of the exoplanets' atmospheres. We extracted from the high- resolution optical HARPS-N spectra of KELT-9 the mean stellar line profiles with a custom analysis based on the Least Square Deconvolution technique. Then, we computed the stellar radial velocities with a method developed for fast rotators, by fitting the mean stellar line profile with a purely rotational profile instead of using a Gaussian function. The new spectra and analysis led us to update the orbital and physical parameters of the system. The former depends on the improvement on the Kstar value, that we measured with an 8-σ significance, a remarkable result for such a fast rotating star. We discovered an anomalous in- transit radial velocity deviation from the theoretical Rossiter- McLaughlin effect solution, previously calculated from the known spin- orbit angle obtained from the line profile tomography. We prove that this deviation is caused by the planetary atmosphere of KELT-9b, thus we name this effect Atmospheric Rossiter-McLaughlin effect. By analysing the magnitude of the radial velocity anomaly, we obtained information on the extension of the planetary atmosphere as weighted by the model used to retrieve the stellar mean line profiles. The Atmospheric Rossiter- McLaughlin effect will be observable for other exoplanets whose atmosphere has non-negligible correlation with the stellar mask used to retrieve the radial velocities, in particular ultra-hot Jupiters with iron in their atmospheres. The duration and amplitude of the effect will depend not only on the extension of the atmosphere, but also on the in- transit planetary radial velocities and on the projected rotational velocity of the parent star, and this could led to strange in-transit RV variations.

GIARPS (GIAno \& haRPS) is a project devoted to have on the same focal station of the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) both high resolution spectrographs, HARPS-N (VIS) and GIANO-B (NIR), working simultaneously. This could be considered the first and unique worldwide instrument providing cross-dispersed echelle spectroscopy at a resolution of 50,000 in the NIR range and 115,000 in the VIS and over in a wide spectral range ($0.383 - 2.45\ ��$m) in a single exposure. The science case is very broad, given the versatility of such an instrument and its large wavelength range. A number of outstanding science cases encompassing mainly extra-solar planet science starting from rocky planets search and hot Jupiters to atmosphere characterization can be considered. Furthermore both instruments can measure high precision radial velocities by means the simultaneous thorium technique (HARPS-N) and absorbing cell technique (GIANO-B) in a single exposure. Other science cases are also possible. GIARPS, as a brand new observing mode of the TNG started after the moving of GIANO-A (fiber fed spectrograph) from Nasmyth-A to Nasmyth-B where it was re-born as GIANO-B (no more fiber feed spectrograph). The official Commissioning finished on March 2017 and then it was offered to the community. Despite the work is not finished yet. In this paper we describe the preliminary scientific results obtained with GIANO-B and GIARPS observing mode with data taken during commissioning and first open time observations., 10 pages, 11 figures, Telescopes and Astronomical instrumentation, SPIE Conf. 2018

Since 2012, thanks to the installation of the high resolution echelle spectrograph in the optical range HARPS-N, the Italian telescope TNG (La Palma) became one of the key facilities for the study of the extrasolar planets. In 2014 TNG also offered GIANO to the scientific community, providing a near-infrared (NIR) cross-dispersed echelle spectroscopy covering 0.97 - 2.45 micron at a resolution of 50,000. GIANO, although designed for direct light-feed from the telescope at the Nasmyth-B focus, was provisionally mounted on the rotating building and connected via fibers to only available interface at the Nasmyth-A focal plane. The synergy between these two instruments is particularly appealing for a wide range of science cases, especially for the search for exoplanets around young and active stars and the characterisation of their atmosphere. Through the funding scheme "WOW" (a Way to Others Worlds), the Italian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) proposed to position GIANO at the focal station for which it was originally designed and the simultaneous use of these spectrographs with the aim to achieve high-resolution spectroscopy in a wide wavelength range (0.383-2.45 micron) obtained in a single exposure, giving rise to the project called GIARPS (GIANO-B & HARPS-N). Because of its characteristics GIARPS can be considered the first and unique worldwide instrument providing not only high resolution in a large wavelength band, but also a high precision radial velocity measurement both in the visible and in the NIR arm, since in the next future GIANO-B will be equipped with gas absorption cells., EPJP - Focus Point on Highlights on Planetary Sciences in Italy

Since 2012, thanks to the installation of the high resolution echelle spectrograph in the optical range HARPS-N, the Italian telescope TNG (La Palma) became one of the key facilities for the study of the extrasolar planets. In 2014 TNG also offered GIANO to the scientific community, providing a near-infrared (NIR) cross-dispersed echelle spectroscopy covering 0.97 - 2.45 micron at a resolution of 50,000. GIANO, although designed for direct light-feed from the telescope at the Nasmyth-B focus, was provisionally mounted on the rotating building and connected via fibers to only available interface at the Nasmyth-A focal plane. The synergy between these two instruments is particularly appealing for a wide range of science cases, especially for the search for exoplanets around young and active stars and the characterisation of their atmosphere. Through the funding scheme "WOW" (a Way to Others Worlds), the Italian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) proposed to position GIANO at the focal station for which it was originally designed and the simultaneous use of these spectrographs with the aim to achieve high-resolution spectroscopy in a wide wavelength range (0.383-2.45 micron) obtained in a single exposure, giving rise to the project called GIARPS (GIANO-B & HARPS-N). Because of its characteristics GIARPS can be considered the first and unique worldwide instrument providing not only high resolution in a large wavelength band, but also a high precision radial velocity measurement both in the visible and in the NIR arm, since in the next future GIANO-B will be equipped with gas absorption cells., Comment: EPJP - Focus Point on Highlights on Planetary Sciences in Italy

Exoplanets orbiting very close to their host star are strongly irradiated. This can lead the upper atmospheric layers to expand and evaporate into space. The metastable helium (HeI) triplet at 1083.3nm has recently been shown to be a powerful diagnostic to probe extended and escaping exoplanetary atmosphere. We perform high-resolution transmission spectroscopy of the transiting hot Jupiter HD189733b with the GIARPS (GIANO-B + HARPS-N) observing mode of the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, taking advantage of the simultaneous optical+near infrared spectral coverage to detect HeI in the planet's extended atmosphere and to gauge the impact of stellar magnetic activity on the planetary absorption signal. Observations were performed during five transit events of HD189733b. By comparison of the in- and out-of-transit GIANO-B observations we compute high-resolution transmission spectra, on which we perform equivalent width measurements and light-curves analyses to gauge the excess in-transit absorption in the HeI triplet. We detect an absorption signal during all five transits. The mean in-transit absorption depth amounts to 0.75+/-0.03%. We detect night-to-night variations in the HeI absorption signal likely due to the transit events occurring in presence of stellar surface inhomogeneities. We evaluate the impact of stellar-activity pseudo-signals on the true planetary absorption using a comparative analysis of the HeI and the H$\alpha$ lines. We interpret the time-series of the HeI absorption lines in the three nights not affected by stellar contamination -exhibiting a mean in-transit absorption depth of 0.77+/-0.04%- using a 3-d atmospheric code. Our simulations suggest that the helium layers only fill part of the Roche lobe. Observations can be explained with a thermosphere heated to $\sim$12000 K, expanding up to $\sim$1.2 planetary radii, and losing $\sim$1 g/s of metastable helium., Comment: 17 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

We present the first detection of atomic emission lines from the atmosphere of an exoplanet. We detect neutral iron lines from the day-side of KELT-9b (Teq $\sim$ 4, 000 K). We combined thousands of spectrally resolved lines observed during one night with the HARPS-N spectrograph (R $\sim$ 115, 000), mounted at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo. We introduce a novel statistical approach to extract the planetary parameters from the binary mask cross-correlation analysis. We also adapt the concept of contribution function to the context of high spectral resolution observations, to identify the location in the planetary atmosphere where the detected emission originates. The average planetary line profile intersected by a stellar G2 binary mask was found in emission with a contrast of 84 $\pm$ 14 ppm relative to the planetary plus stellar continuum (40 $\pm$ 5$\%$ relative to the planetary continuum only). This result unambiguously indicates the presence of an atmospheric thermal inversion. Finally, assuming a modelled temperature profile previously published (Lothringer et al. 2018), we show that an iron abundance consistent with a few times the stellar value explains the data well. In this scenario, the iron emission originates at the $10^{-3}$-$10^{-5}$ bar level., Comment: Accepted for publication on ApJL; 19 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables