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1. Cell-Type-Specific Impact of Glucocorticoid Receptor Activation on the Developing Brain: A Cerebral Organoid Study

Author

Cruceanu, Cristiana Dony, Leander Krontira, Anthi C. Fischer, David S. Roeh, Simone Di Giaimo, Rossella Kyrousi, Christina Kaspar, Lea Arloth, Janine Czamara, Darina Gerstner, Nathalie Martinelli, Silvia Wehner, Stefanie Breen, Michael S. Koedel, Maik Sauer, Susann Sportelli, Vincenza Rex-Haffner, Monika Cappello, Silvia Theis, Fabian J. Binder, Elisabeth B.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: A fine-tuned balance of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation is essential for organ formation, with disturbances influencing many health outcomes. In utero, glucocorticoids have been linked to brain-related negative outcomes, with unclear underlying mechanisms, especially regarding cell-type-specific effects. An in vitro model of fetal human brain development, induced human pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cerebral organoids, was used to test whether cerebral organoids are suitable for studying the impact of prenatal glucocorticoid exposure on the developing brain. METHODS: The GR was activated with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone, and the effects were mapped using single-cell transcriptomics across development. RESULTS: The GR was expressed in all cell types, with increasing expression levels through development. Not only did its activation elicit translocation to the nucleus and the expected effects on known GR-regulated pathways, but also neurons and progenitor cells showed targeted regulation of differentiation- and maturation-related transcripts. Uniquely in neurons, differentially expressed transcripts were significantly enriched for genes associated with behavior-related phenotypes and disorders. This human neuronal glucocorticoid response profile was validated across organoids from three independent hiPSC lines reprogrammed from different source tissues from both male and female donors. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that excessive glucocorticoid exposure could interfere with neuronal maturation in utero, leading to increased disease susceptibility through neurodevelopmental processes at the interface of genetic susceptibility and environmental exposure. Cerebral organoids are a valuable translational resource for exploring the effects of glucocorticoids on early human brain development.

Published
2021

4. NR2F1 regulates regional progenitor dynamics in the mouse neocortex and cortical gyrification in BBSOAS patients

Author

Laurence Perrin, Silvia Cappello, Francesco Neri, Arthur Sorlin, Philippe Khau Van Kien, Ludovico D'Incerti, Françoise Devillard, Rossella Di Giaimo, Paul Kuentz, Agnès Loubat, Marjolaine Willems, Laurence Faivre, Frédéric Tran Mau-Them, Salvatore Oliviero, Michèle Studer, Anna Lisa Romano, Christophe Philippe, Michele Bertacchi, Carolina Frassoni, Aurore Garde, Institut de Biologie Valrose (IBV), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe GAD (LNC - U1231), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité fonctionnelle d' Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares (CHU Dijon) (UF6254), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), CHU Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Centre de génétique - Centre de référence des maladies rares, anomalies du développement et syndromes malformatifs (CHU de Dijon), Hôpital Universitaire Carémeau [Nîmes] (CHU Nîmes), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Hôpital Robert Debré Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Département de génétique et procréation, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Hôpital Couple-Enfant, Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Génétique biologique histologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Leibniz Association, Université de Naples, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Bertacchi, Michele, Romano, Anna Lisa, Loubat, Agnè, Tran Mau-Them, Frederic, Willems, Marjolaine, Faivre, Laurence, Khau van Kien, Philippe, Perrin, Laurence, Devillard, Françoise, Sorlin, Arthur, Kuentz, Paul, Philippe, Christophe, Garde, Aurore, Neri, Francesco, Di Giaimo, Rossella, Oliviero, Salvatore, Cappello, Silvia, D'Incerti, Ludovico, Frassoni, Carolina, and Studer, Michèle

Subjects
cell cycle dynamics, PAX6 Transcription Factor, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], cell cycle dynamic, Neocortex, Biology, Regenerative Medicine, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neurodevelopmental disorder, Neural Stem Cells, Optic Atrophies, Hereditary, Parietal Lobe, Cortex (anatomy), BBSOAS, medicine, Animals, Humans, Molecular Biology, Gyrification, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, COUP Transcription Factor I, General Immunology and Microbiology, General Neuroscience, Neurogenesis, Articles, Human brain, NR2F1/COUP-TFI, cortical folding, medicine.disease, Disease Models, Animal, neurodevelopmental disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, NR2F1/COUP‐TFI, Occipital Lobe, PAX6, Haploinsufficiency, Development & Differentiation, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

The relationships between impaired cortical development and consequent malformations in neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as the genes implicated in these processes, are not fully elucidated to date. In this study, we report six novel cases of patients affected by BBSOAS (Boonstra‐Bosch‐Schaff optic atrophy syndrome), a newly emerging rare neurodevelopmental disorder, caused by loss‐of‐function mutations of the transcriptional regulator NR2F1. Young patients with NR2F1 haploinsufficiency display mild to moderate intellectual disability and show reproducible polymicrogyria‐like brain malformations in the parietal and occipital cortex. Using a recently established BBSOAS mouse model, we found that Nr2f1 regionally controls long‐term self‐renewal of neural progenitor cells via modulation of cell cycle genes and key cortical development master genes, such as Pax6. In the human fetal cortex, distinct NR2F1 expression levels encompass gyri and sulci and correlate with local degrees of neurogenic activity. In addition, reduced NR2F1 levels in cerebral organoids affect neurogenesis and PAX6 expression. We propose NR2F1 as an area‐specific regulator of mouse and human brain morphology and a novel causative gene of abnormal gyrification., Reduced levels of the neuronal differentiation factor NR2F1/COUP‐TFI impairs brain cortex folding in humans, and disrupts regional neural progenitor dynamics in the neocortex of a BBSOAS disease mouse model.

Published
2020
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