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Additional file 1. Supplementary Material and Method.

Additional file 2. Fig. S1: BrdU staining of Lipogems derived MSC after SF stimulation for 24 hours. SF stimulation showed approximately twofold increased fluorescence compared to untreated cells, resulting in 63,3% of positive cells when SF is added to cell culture versus 27.0% obtained in untreated cells. Fig. S2: In-Cell Western quantification of the relative intracellular level of HOXB7 (Fig S2A) and bFGF (Fig S2B) protein in Lipogems derived MSC after 1 and 5 days of stimulation with SF. At 1 day of SF stimulation, the level protein of HOXB7 decreases in a statistically significant manner. Indeed, at 5 days no significant effect on HOXB7 protein expression were observed when SF was added. Moreover, untreated cells decreased the levels of HOXB7 at 5 days of culture (p-value

Link 4.1 Overview of the main pre-clinical findings on the impact of wild-type MSC in liver diseases. Link 4.2 Overview of the main pre-clinical findings on the impact of gene-modified MSC in liver diseases. (DOCX 22 kb)

Link 1.1 Overview of the main experimental findings on the impact of wild-type MSC in diseases associated with the central and peripheral nervous system. Link 1.2 Overview of the main experimental findings on the impact of gene-modified MSC in diseases associated with the central and peripheral nervous system. (DOCX 34 kb)

Link 7.1 Overview of the main pre-clinical findings on the impact of wild-type MSC in skeletal diseases. Link 7.2 Overview of the main pre-clinical findings on the impact of gene-modified MSC in skeletal diseases. (DOCX 24 kb)

Link 6.1 Overview of the main pre-clinical findings on the impact of wild-type MSC in renal diseases. Link 6.2 Overview of the main pre-clinical findings on the impact of gene-modified MSC in renal diseases. (DOCX 29 kb)

Link 5.1 Overview of the main pre-clinical findings on the impact of wild-type MSC in pancreatic diseases. Link 5.2 Overview of the main pre-clinical findings on the impact of gene-modified MSC in pancreatic diseases. (DOCX 20 kb)

Link 2.1 Overview of the main pre-clinical findings on the impact of wild-type MSC in heart diseases. Link 2.2 Overview of the main pre-clinical findings on the impact of gene-modified MSC in heart diseases. (DOCX 39 kb)

Link 3.1 Overview of the main pre-clinical findings on the impact of wild-type MSC in lung diseases. Link 3.2 Overview of the main pre-clinical findings on the impact of gene-modified MSC in lung diseases. (DOCX 24 kb)

The complexity of the central nervous system (CNS) requires researchers to consider all the variables linked to the interaction between the different cell inhabitants. On this basis, any in vitro study of the physiological and pathological processes regarding the CNS should consider the balance between the standardization of the assay and the complexity of the cellular system which mimics the in vivo microenvironment. One of the main structural and functional components of the CNS is the oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC), responsible for developmental myelination and myelin turnover and repair during adulthood following differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes. In the present brief research report, we describe a 3D culture tool (VITVO) based on an inert and biocompatible synthetic polymer material scaffold, functionalized with laminin coating, and tested as a new culture microenvironment for neural stem/precursor cell (NSPC) differentiation compared to standard 2D cultures. NSPCs spontaneously differentiate in the three neural lineages (neurons, astrocytes and OPCs), identified by specific markers, along the fibers in the 3D structure. Analysis of the mRNA levels for lineage differentiation markers reveals a higher expression compared to those seeded on a 2D surface, suggesting an acceleration of the differentiation process. We then focused on the oligodendroglial lineage, showing that in VITVO, mature oligodendrocytes exhibit a myelinating morphology, proven by 3D image elaboration, linked to a higher expression of mature oligodendrocyte markers. This preliminary study on an innovative 3D culture system is the first robust step in producing new microenvironment-based strategies to investigate in vitro OPC and oligodendrocyte biology.