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Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Although the literature on psychological contracts is rich, researchers have so far paid limited attention to psychological contracts in times of crisis. To investigate how employees assess their psychological contracts during a crisis, we conducted 32 semistructured interviews during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe. The interviewees worked in the airline industry, which the pandemic severely affected. Our qualitative approach allowed us to gain novel insights into the mechanisms by which contracts are managed when the typical parameters of contract assessment are not possible, thereby allowing us to expand psychological contract theory. In addition to illustrating the key employer obligations that employees perceived during a crisis, we introduce two novel theoretical concepts –psychological contract credit and psychological contract inactivation–that explain how employees managed their contracts during the crisis. The practical findings of this study are of relevance to HR managers in managing future crises and addressing the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.

This paper examines social and economic disparities surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic within the context of neoliberal capitalism. The gendered, racialized, and other social inequities that were evident during this health crisis are linked to shifting work conditions and activities of labor and capital within the workplace and at the household level. The analysis draws from feminist economic geography to examine the social dimensions, spatial dynamics, and economic processes that are highlighted by changes in work and social relations during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. The discussion demonstrates how economic upheavals such as those that occurred alongside the pandemic are embedded in social reproduction, with particular emphasis on the precarity of labor and contested household dynamics. Furthermore, ongoing crises in neoliberal capitalism provide the conditions for social movements that challenge inequities and oppressive conditions for labor. The conclusion offers strategies for future directions of work that support inclusive and transformative ideals of feminist economic geography. Aquest article examina les desigualtats socials i econòmiques al voltant de la pandèmia de COVID-19 en el context del capitalisme neoliberal. Les desigualtats de gènere, racials i altres desigualtats socials, les quals s'han evidenciat durant aquesta crisi sanitària, estan relacionades amb els canvis en les condicions del treball i del capital en el lloc de treball i a la llar. L'anàlisi es basa en la geografia econòmica feminista per examinar les dimensions socials, les dinàmiques espacials i els processos econòmics que es reflecteixen a través de canvis en el treball i en les relacions socials durant la pandèmia de COVID-19 i més enllà. La discussió demostra que les turbulències econòmiques com les que s'han esdevingut durant la pandèmia estan integrades en la reproducció social, concretament en la precarietat del treball i les relacions de gènere a la llar. A més, les crisis actuals del capitalisme neoliberal afavoreixen els moviments socials que desafien les desigualtats i les condicions de treball opressives. La conclusió presenta estratègies per a les futures direccions del treball, associades als ideals inclusius i transformadors de la geografia econòmica feminista. Este artículo examina las desigualdades sociales y económicas alrededor de la pandemia de COVID-19 en el contexto del capitalismo neoliberal. Las desigualdades de género, raciales y otras desigualdades sociales, las cuales se han evidenciado durante esta crisis sanitaria, están relacionadas con los cambios en las condiciones del trabajo y del capital en el lugar de trabajo y en el hogar. El análisis se basa en la geografía económica feminista para examinar las dimensiones sociales, las dinámicas espaciales y los procesos económicos que se reflejan a través de cambios en el trabajo y en las relaciones sociales durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y más allá. La discusión demuestra que las turbulencias económicas, como las que han tenido lugar durante la pandemia, están integradas en la reproducción social, concretamente en la precariedad del trabajo y las relaciones de género en el hogar. Además, las crisis actuales del capitalismo neoliberal favorecen los movimientos sociales que desafían las desigualdades y las condiciones de trabajo opresivas. La conclusión presenta estrategias para las futuras direcciones del trabajo, asociadas a los ideales inclusivos y transformadores de la geografía económica feminista.

Background: There is clear evidence showing an increase in mental health symptoms along with an increased demand for mental health services since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: This study aimed to determine the rates of elevated anxiety symptoms in children during the COVID-19 pandemic in the state of Qatar. It also explored any correlated factors. Method: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study with 199 participants (children aged 6–16 years) consulting a dental care center. We used the original English version as well as a previously validated Arabic version of the Parent Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale to measure anxiety symptoms. Results: A total of 29.6% (n = 59) of our sample met the respective elevated cut-off score for overall anxiety disorder. The largest group among the children was elevated levels of physical injury fears 37.6% (n = 75), followed by Social Phobia 36.1% (n = 72). Younger children showed significantly higher scores for total anxiety, separation anxiety, physical injury fears, and generalized anxiety score. Among the gender groups, females reported significantly higher scores of General anxiety disorder. When comparing natives to expatriates, expatriates showed higher scores for total anxiety, physical injury fears score, social phobia score, and generalized anxiety. Conclusions: Overall, this study shows increased rates of clinically elevated anxiety symptoms in children during the COVID-19 pandemic in the state of Qatar. Younger children, females, and expatriates were more vulnerable to the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study highlights the specific psychological vulnerability of this population group during major health crises like the current pandemic.

The main goal of this paper is to shed light on risk perception, travel motivation, and destination image as significant factors in travel intention to international destinations. Understanding the influence of these factors is a strong trend in tourism research. However, limited studies have developed a model to understand global tourist travel intentions post-COVID-19. Because of the pandemic constraints, the world economy and the tourism sector have faced severe negative consequences. These consequences led to a drop in the number of international tourists, representing the primary source of tourism income contributing to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for many developing countries. Governments and stakeholders are striving to ensure the recovery of tourism services and products to attract tourists to safe destinations. Based on the review and analysis of selected studies, this study highlights the significance of critical factors influencing tourists' intention to travel post-pandemic. Additionally, this contribution offers a framework for future studies on crisis-related travel behavior.

One of the major public health measures to manage and contain the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic was to engage in systematic contact tracing, which required gastronomy, community and sporting venues to keep patron registers. Stand-alone and web-based applications, developed by a range of private IT providers, soon replaced pen-and-paper lists. With the introduction of a uniform, state-wide, mandatory data collection system, these private applications became obsolete. Although only active for four months, these applications paved the way for the public acceptance of state-administered collection systems that allowed for an unprecedented, centralized tracking system of the movements of the entire population. This paper discusses the cultural significance of these applications as a game changer in the debate on civil liberties, and addresses the question of how the materiality, or lack thereof, of this digital heritage affects the management of ephemeral smartphone applications, and its preservation for future generations.

PurposeThe purpose of the present study is to investigate travel agencies' social media usage and its perceived effectiveness by small- and micro-Italian travel agencies; the pre-pandemic period is compared to the forecasts for the post-Covid-19 period and different characteristics of firms and entrepreneurs are considered. Furthermore, the study analyses the expected benefits in terms of marketing objectives, such as improving brand image and/or personalizing the offer.Design/methodology/approachThe research was developed through a questionnaire administered electronically to travel agents (282 respondents). The resulting data was analyzed by applying the McNemar test, a pairwise t-test and the multivariate analysis of variance.FindingsThe results show that social media are strategically significant for travel agents, even though their adoption is influenced by different agency aims; the perceived effectiveness results are diversified according to varying agency typologies.Research limitations/implicationsThe two main limitations of the study are its focus on the Italian context only and the missing consideration of the consumer's point of view. The latter prevents an exhaustive assessment of future trends regarding the use of social media in the client–agency relationship.Originality/valueThe study, which focuses on a little debated topic concerning the relationship between social media and SMEs, organically explores various dimensions related to the adoption of social media by small agencies, also considering the impact of the Covid-19 on the perception of travel agents. As a further element of originality, the research takes into consideration the main social platforms separately rather than the set of tools as a whole.

Aim: If we consider that online education will maintain its importance after the pandemic; determining the perceived advantages and disadvantages of online education will contribute to improving the online education opportunities of medical faculties. In our study, it is aimed to investigate the characteristics of online education experiences of medical students. Methods: The study group was composed of students who were educated in first – third classes at Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine (total 747 students). A questionnaire created by the researchers was used in data collection. Results: Two-hundred-thirty-two people were included in the research. The most liked aspects of online education were that there was no transportation problem with 83.2% (n=193) and flexibility with 57.3% (n=133). The most common barriers to online education were internet connection problems with 77.6% (n=180) and distractions from family, pets and home environment with 60.8% (n=141). 11.6% of the participants thought that online education was more efficient than face-to-face education, while 24.6% were satisfied with the ongoing online education process. Conclusion: Satisfaction of online education can be increased and can be made more successful by developing the liked aspects of online education and working towards eliminating the obstacles in front of it. Keywords: online education, medical students, perception, COVID-19 pandemic

International graduate students reluctantly partook in the distance learning with the closure of national borders with the outbreak of COVID-19. Different instructional modes (in-person, online, and hybrid) and timing of the online learning exposure would play a role in international students’ academic achievement considering the expectations and motivations to learn abroad. Based on 267 course-based panel data, for the same courses, online-mode teaching yielded worse Grade Point Averages (GPAs) and less of a sense of class community compared to the in-person mode. Similarly, students who started the program after COVID-19 (i.e., Class of 2022) performed worse than those who changed their mode of study during their study due to COVID-19 (i.e., Class of 2021). The more frequent interactions with schoolmates and professors partially mediated this detrimental effect of international online learning. Online learning, on average, decreases the GPA by 0.2 standard deviations (p

Resumo A pesquisa investigou proposições legislativas sobre fila única de internações e leitos de UTI no âmbito do Poder Legislativo Federal no primeiro ano da pandemia. Tratou-se de estudo exploratório, qualitativo e de base documental que analisou projetos de leis sobre o tema. Os resultados foram organizados conforme o perfil dos autores e o conteúdo qualitativo dos projetos. Preponderaram parlamentares do sexo masculino, filiados a partidos de esquerda e com formação profissional em áreas que não a da saúde. A maioria das proposições tratou de fila única geral, especificando leitos hospitalares, gestão mista e indenização mediante tabela SUS. A Câmara dos Deputados apresentou mais projetos, porém pouco tem avançado em suas tramitações. Entre os projetos analisados, apenas um foi priorizado na Comissão Externa de Enfrentamento à COVID-19. Concluiu-se que o Poder Legislativo Federal perdeu, uma vez mais, oportunidade valiosa de legislar para o futuro e preparar o país com um arcabouço normativo capaz de enfrentar emergências sanitárias ainda desconhecidas, mas que exigirão muito dos gestores e do SUS. Abstract This study investigated legislative proposals on the single waiting list for hospitalizations and ICU beds within the scope of the Federal Legislative Branch in the first year of the pandemic (2020). This was an exploratory, qualitative, and document- based study, which analyzed bills analyzed in the Brazilian National Congress on the subject. The results were organized according to the authors’ profile and qualitative content of the bills. There was a predominance of male parliamentarians, affiliated with left-wing parties and professional training in areas other than health. Most bills dealt with a general single waiting list, specifying hospital beds, the mixed management of hospital beds, and indemnity through the Brazilian Unified Health System’s (SUS, in Portuguese) price table. The House of Representatives presented more bills, but no progress was made in their processing. Among the analyzed bills, only one was prioritized in the External Commission to Combat COVID-19. It was concluded that the Federal Legislative Branch once again missed the chance to legislate for the future and prepare the country with a normative framework capable of confronting health emergencies, which will demand much from health managers and SUS itself.

Giriş: COVID-19 salgını döneminde, kaynakların sınırlanması ve erişimin güçleşmesi gibi nedenler özel gereksinimli bireyler ve ailelerini salgının oluşturduğu risklere daha açık hale getirmektedir. Özel gereksinimli bireyler ve ailelerinin salgın sürecindeki deneyimlerini, yaşadıkları zorlukları ve ihtiyaçlarını anlamak ve kriz etkilerini değerlendirmek sürece uyum sağlamaları için müdahaleler oluşturmada hayati önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı özel gereksinimli çocuğa sahip ailelerde bakım yükünü üstlenen annelerin COVID-19 salgını sürecindeki deneyimlerini incelemektir.Yöntem: Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenolojik yöntem kullanılarak, özel gereksinimli çocukları olan annelerle (n = 14) yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri analizinde Miles ve Huberman modeli takip edilmiş ve sürekli karşılaştırma ve fenomenolojik indirgeme yöntemleri kullanılarak incelenen fenomeni yansıtan kod ve kategoriler ortaya çıkarılmıştır.Bulgular: Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, annelerin yaşamlarının zorlukları bu süreçte artmış, salgına dönük önlemler sonucu oluşan kısıtlanma algısı ve hizmetlere erişimin yetersizliği anneler arasında kaygıların yükselmesine neden olmuştur. Özel gereksinimli çocukların ve ailelerinin destek kaynaklarının kısıtlanması ve ihtiyaçlarını kendi kaynakları ile karşılamadaki yetersizlikleri, annelerin kendilerini yorgun ve tükenmiş hissetmelerine yol açmıştır. Yaşadıkları zorlukların yanı sıra anneler bu süreçte aile bireyleriyle verimli vakit geçirebildikleri, dijital kaynakları kullandıkları ve süreç sonunda kendilerini güçlü hissettikleri yönünde görüş bildirmişlerdir.Tartışma: Özel gereksinimli çocuğa sahip anneler arasında görülen kaygı, yetersizlik duygusu, yorgunluk, kısıtlanma gibi zorlayıcı deneyimler, bu annelerin COVID-19 salgınından olumsuz etkilenen kırılgan bireyler arasında yer aldıklarını göstermektedir. Salgın süreci zorlayıcı olsa da anneler zorluklarla başa çıkabilmede direnç kazanmış ve sürece uyum sağlamışlardır.Sonuç ve Öneriler: Gelecekteki olası salgınlar için özel gereksinimli üyesi olan ailelerin deneyimleri temel alınarak bu bireylere yönelik bilgilendirme, savunuculuk, psikososyal danışmanlık, güçlendirme odaklı çalışmalarla birlikte ailede kriz yönetimini kolaylaştıracak hizmetler sunulmalıdır., Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, conditions such as the limitation of resources and the difficulty of access led to disabled individuals and their families to become more vulnerable to the risks posed by the pandemic. Understanding the experiences, difficulties, and needs of individuals with disabilities and their families during the pandemic, as well as evaluating the effects of the crisis, are essential in creating interventions to mitigate these difficulties. This study has aimed to examine the experiences of mothers, who have the burden of care in families with disabled children, during the COVID-19 pandemic.Method: In the study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with mothers of children with disabilities (n = 14) using the phenomenological method, which is one of the qualitative research methods. In the data analysis, Miles and Huberman model was followed, and the codes and categories reflecting the investigated phenomenon were determined by using continuous comparison and phenomenological reduction methods.Findings: According to the results of the study, the difficulties of the mothers' lives increased during the pandemic, and the perception of restrictions resulting from the measures against the pandemic, as well as the inadequacy of access to services, led to increased concern among mothers. The limited support for children with disabilities and their families, as well as their inability to meet their needs with their resources, caused mothers to feel exhausted. In addition to the difficulties they experienced, mothers stated that they had positive experiences as well, since they could spend more productive time with their family members, use digital resources, and feel stronger at the end of the process.Discussion: Compelling experiences such as anxiety, feelings of inadequacy, fatigue, and restraint among mothers with disabled children show that these mothers are among the vulnerable individuals adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the pandemic period was challenging, mothers gained resilience in coping with the difficulties and adapted to the situation.Conclusion and Suggestions: Based on the experiences of families with disabled members for possible future pandemics, services should be provided to facilitate family crisis management, education, advocacy, psychosocial counseling, and empowerment-based studies.

Research has shown mixed findings regarding the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on relation-ship and sexual quality and activity. We argue that some of these findings might be understood considering people’s predisposition to maintain safety (i.e., prevention focus) or take risks (i.e., promotion focus), and sharing concerns with one’s partner about the pandemic. A longitudinal study (N = 153) tested if regulatory focus before the pandemic (November 2019) was associated with relationship quality, sexual quality, and joint sexual activity later on (June 2020) and whether these effects were moderated by shared concerns over the pandemic. Results showed that participants more focused on prevention experienced higher relationship quality later on, but also less sexual quality and less frequent joint sexual activity, when they shared fewer (vs. more) con-cerns with their partner. In contrast, participants more focused on promotion experienced higher relationship quality later on when they shared more (vs. less) concerns with their partner. These results indicate how individuals’ regulatory focus and shared concerns in times of crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, can have downstream consequences on people’s relational and sexual dynamics. We offer insights for mental health professionals to improve psychosocial health and well-being when people are faced with critical events. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Night-time light (NTL) data have been widely used as a remote proxy for the economic performance of regions. The use of these data is more advantageous than the traditional census approach is due to its timeliness, low cost, and comparability between regions and countries. Several recent studies have explored monthly NTL composites produced by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and revealed a dimming of the light in some countries during the national lockdowns due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we explicitly tested the extent to which the observed decrease in the amount of NTL is associated with the economic recession at the subnational level. Specifically, we explore how the association between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the amount of NTL is modulated by the pandemic and whether NTL data can still serve as a sufficiently reliable proxy for the economic performance of regions even during stressful pandemic periods. For this reason, we use the states of the US and quarterly periods within 2014–2021 as a case study. We start with building a linear mixed effects model linking the state-level quarterly GDPs with the corresponding pre-processed NTL data, additionally controlling only for a long-term trends and seasonal fluctuations. We intentionally do not include other socio-economic predictors, such as population density and structure, in the model, aiming to observe the ‘pure’ explanatory potential of NTL. As it is built only for the pre-COVID-19 period, this model demonstrates a rather good performance, with R2 = 0.60, while its extension across the whole period (2014–2021) leads to a considerable worsening of this (R2 = 0.42), suggesting that not accounting for the COVID-19 phenomenon substantially weakens the ‘natural’ GDP–NTL association. At the same time, the model’s enrichment with COVID-19 dummies restores the model fit to R2 = 0.62. As a plausible application, we estimated the state-level economic losses by comparing actual GDPs in the pandemic period with the corresponding predictions generated by the pre-COVID-19 model. The states’ vulnerability to the crisis varied from ~8 to ~18% (measured as a fraction of the pre-pandemic GDP level in the 4th quarter of 2019), with the largest losses being observed in states with a relatively low pre-pandemic GDP per capita, a low number of remote jobs, and a higher minority ratio.

In the midst of the Covid-19 Pandemic, many Indonesians have reacted negatively to the placement of political individuals' billboards with very huge sizes on the streets. The early political campaign that was run was thought to be contentious. On social media like Twitter, the majority of people freely share their thoughts. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the general public reacted to the placement of billboards advertising political figures during the epidemic and to categorize those responses. It is envisaged that it would also provide advice for connected parties that may be used when making judgments regarding the policy of constructing billboards for political figures during a pandemic based on the results of data analysis. Twitter users tend to be more expressive because of the character limits, which means they have sentimental or emotional values. Using the Nave Bayes Algorithm, it is possible to do sentiment analysis on the sentiment data by categorizing user comments into positive, negative, and neutral attitudes. Regarding the sentiments expressed on billboards showing political leaders during the pandemic, tweets were sorted into three categories: liked, unfavorable, and neutral. The accuracy rate from Naive Bayes categorization of political personalities during the pandemic on social media Twitter was 83.3% with a precision value of 89%, recall 83%, and f-1 score of 82%.

Living organisms have evolved within the natural electromagnetic fields (EMFs) of the earth which comprise the global atmospheric electrical circuit, Schumann resonances (SRs) and the geomagnetic field. Research suggests that the circadian rhythm, which controls several physiological functions in the human body, can be influenced by light but also by the earth's EMFs. Cyclic solar disturbances, including sunspots and seasonal weakening of the geomagnetic field, can affect human health, possibly by disrupting the circadian rhythm and downstream physiological functions. Severe disruption of the circadian rhythm increases inflammation which can induce fatigue, fever and flu-like symptoms in a fraction of the population and worsen existing symptoms in old and diseased individuals, leading to periodic spikes of infectious and chronic diseases. Possible mechanisms underlying sensing of the earth's EMFs involve entrainment via electrons and electromagnetic waves, light-dependent radical pair formation in retina cryptochromes, and paramagnetic magnetite nanoparticles. Factors such as electromagnetic pollution from wireless devices, base antennas and low orbit internet satellites, shielding by non-conductive materials used in shoes and buildings, and local geomagnetic anomalies may also affect sensing of the earth's EMFs by the human body and contribute to circadian rhythm disruption and disease development.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a source of mental stress, particularly for special populations. The present study identified the associations between emotional distress and HIV status among adults in 152 countries during the first wave of the pandemic. This was a cross-sectional study that gathered data via an online survey carried out between July and December 2020. The dependent variable was emotional distress (frustration/boredom, anxiety, depression, loneliness, anger, or grief/feeling of loss), and the independent variable was HIV status (positive or negative). The confounding factors were sociodemographic variables (age, sex, education level, and employment status). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between the independent and dependent variables after adjusting for confounders. Of the 16,866 participants, 905 (5.4%) reported living with HIV. Of these, 188 (20.8%) felt frustrated/bored, 238 (26.3%) anxious, 160 (17.7%) depressed, 148 (16.4%) lonely, 84 (9.3%) angry, and 53 (5.9%) grief/a sense of loss. Individuals living with HIV had higher odds of feeling anxious (AOR:1.64), depressed (AOR:1.80), and lonely (AOR:1.35) when compared to people living without HIV. This study reveals that the COVID-19 pandemic can exacerbate emotional stress for those living with HIV, and the system in which COVID-19 impacts emotional health among different sociodemographic groups introduces further complexities regarding this observed effect.

Adopting and utilizing online technologies for emergency remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic is a requirement for most Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Indonesia in order to keep the pedagogical practice running. Having done the practice for about one year, it is paramount to have an understanding of teachers’ experience in their adoption of the technologies. Arguably, there has been zero study employing narrative frames conducted in Indonesia investigating EFL (English as a foreign language) university teachers’ experience in adopting online technologies for their teaching during the pandemic. Therefore, the present narrative study examines this issue. Four narrative frames were developed as the instruments of the study by referring to two core variables and one outcome variable of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) consisting of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and reported general use of online technologies. 16 narrative frames completed by participants from seven universities in East and West Java unveil that despite the arduous initial process of shifting from face-to-face into online teaching, problems and difficulties which were still encountered during the pedagogical undertaking, and somewhat limited number of online platforms that had been utilized, the teachers’ very positive perceptions on the usefulness of online technologies led to persistence and optimism in their reported general use of the technologies in their teaching. It was concluded that teachers are quite ready to further implement online technologies in their teaching. However, supporting facilities, facilitating conditions, as well as training for developing technological knowledge and skills are needed to support the process.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, all private and public schools in the Philippines were forced to conduct all their classes online. In light of this, the study's objective was to look at the performance indicators of senior high school students taking online chemistry lessons in both public and private institutions in Northern Mindanao, Philippines. With 100 participants, a quantitative investigation using an online survey questionnaire was conducted. The results showed a statistically significant positive impact on collaborative skills (CS), creativity and innovation (CI) during online and distance chemistry learning. By gender, there were statistically significant differences in students' overall achievement (OA), participation level (PL), and collaborative skills (CS). The strongest correlations among the six performance indicators for students were seen in the areas of collaborative skills (CS) and technology application (TA). These results showed that, in the students' perspective, the COVID-19 pandemic gave chances for students' performance in online chemistry classes to strengthen their creativity and critical thinking skills.

The current Covid-19 pandemic has a very significant impact on the sustainability of Islamic boarding schools (pesantren). And a Nyai, as the central figure of Pesantren, is required by her distinguished leadership to continue running the education system in Pesantren. This study argues that the leadership pattern of Nyai as a female scholar in the Pesantren tradition is a factor that determines the resilience of her Pesantren during the pandemic. This study uses a phenomenological approach related to the phenomenon of the Covid-19 pandemic and responses arising from Pesantren to it. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. This study shows that Nyai Masriyah Amva as a female scholar of Pesantren presented her Pesantren Kebon Jambu Babakan Al-Islamy as an educational institution that is embedded with values of equality. By her determinism as a female figure, Nyai Masriyah Amva's leadership formed a pattern that is egalitarian, visionary, adaptive, and responsive to such various dynamics, which determines the successful resilience of Pesantren during the Covid-19 pandemic. &nbsp, Pandemi covid-19 yang melanda berdampak sangat signifikan terhadap keberlangsungan pondok pesantren. Nyai sebagai figure central pondok pesantren melalui kepemimpinannya dituntut untuk tetap menjalankan roda pendidikan pesantren. Studi ini berpendapat bahwa pola kepemimpinan Nyai sebagai ulama perempuan pesantren menjadi faktor yang menentukan resiliensi pesantren di masa pandemi. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi terkait fenomena pandemi covid-19 dan respons pesantren terhadap pandemi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa Nyai Masriyah Amva sebagai ulama perempuan pesantren yang dapat menjalankan kepemimpinannya dengan memberikan ciri khas pesantren yang egaliter. Pola kepemimpinan Nyai Masriyah Amva melalui determinisme perempuan membentuk pola kepemimpinan yang egaliter, demokratis, visioner, motivator, karismatik, keteladanan dan responsif terhadap berbagai dinamika menjadi penentu keberhasilan serta resilensi pesantren pada masa pandemi covid-19.

This contribution will examine different communicative and narrative strategies adopted by some documentary productions in order to visualize something invisible, like the virus and its effects. Through the case studies I will take into account, my intent is to reflect upon the pandemic narration, which replaces or alternates the photographic realism of the images of pain and suffering, intended as scientific and incontrovertible proof of the virus manifestation, with a modernist narrative, mixing interviews with infographic material, maps, dashboards, photomicrographs, and computer graphics animations. Despite their profound mediation by software that makes pictures out of numbers, these informatic images, reported daily in news channels and broadcasts as well, besides shaping the relationships between scientific research, documentary, and its explanatory and pedagogical power to narrate, reconfigure the collective imagination of the pandemic in a bioinformation era.

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic had major impact on the training of Infectious Diseases (ID) residents across the globe. They were part of the frontline staff, while at the same time training to be ID physicians. This study focused on identifying their capability, i.e. the ability to adapt existing competencies to new situations, which is now recognised as an essential element of professional practice.AimThis study explored what ID residents learnt and how they learnt as they adapted to working in this unpredictable and challenging COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis qualitative explorative study was based in the Infectious Diseases Senior Residency Programme across three training institutions in Singapore. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted. Data were analysed using a template analysis technique.ResultsNine ID residents participated in this study. They learnt to engage with uncertainty in a meaningful way by relying on prior training and rapidly learning how to most effectively learn (metacognition). Learning was enhanced by collaboration between multidisciplinary health professionals, strong leadership and intrinsic motivation from personal interest in ID. They learnt through observing how senior faculty approached and managed the COVID-19 situation.ConclusionWhen learning for future capability in a rapidly evolving situation, role-modelling and mentoring are essential as available information resources may still not provide the learning from skilled doctors with actual experiences managing complex, uncertain situations.

Objective: This rapid review aims to identify the types of technologies used by people with dementia and their supporters during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the issues which influenced technology adoption within their usual care routines. Methods: PubMed, PsychInfo, Scopus, and Cochrane COVID reviews were searched to identify peer-review studies published since 2020. A total of 18 studies were included and synthesised thematically. Results: Of these, most were conducted in the community (n=15) with people with dementia only (n=11) and involved qualitative methods (n=11). The majority (n=12) focused on digital off-the-shelf and low-cost solutions, such as free video conferencing platforms, to access care, socialise or take part in interventions. Whilst often well-accepted and associated with positive outcomes (such as improved social connectedness), lack of digital literacy or support to use technologies, limited access to appropriate technology, individuals’ physical, cognitive, or sensory difficulties, were highlighted and likely to threaten the adoption of these solutions. The quality of the evidence was mixed, neither very robust nor easily generalisable which may be attributed to the challenges of conducting research during the pandemic or the need to rapidly adapt to a new reality. Conclusion: While COVID-19 has fast-tracked the adoption of technology, its use is likely to continue beyond the pandemic. We need to ensure this technology can leverage dementia support and care and that people with dementia are enabled and empowered to use it.

One element of society that is vulnerable to the influence of radicalism is teenagers or young people known as the "youth" whose ages range from 16-19 years at the high school level in Indonesia. There are several factors that allow for the emergence of radicalism among adolescents, including mental health, economic factors, socio-political conditions and religious commitment from religious understanding. One of the places where this understanding has developed is schools, especially during this pandemic where many activities are carried out online or various information can be easily accessed via the internet. In order to counteract radicalism so that it does not influence the youth, the role of the family is critical. This study aims to investigate the role of family resilience in fighting and countering radicalism among the youth during the Covid 19 pandemic in Sompilan, Berbah, Selman, Yogyakarta. The study found that the family resilience is built through three key components which form the basis for maintaining resilient attitude, including the family belief system, organizational processes, communication and problem-solving.

Objective: This study aims to determine the quality of life of higher education students at the Polytechnic Institutes of Santarem and Leiria during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The population consists of 6483 students attending higher education, from both Institutes. A total of 775 participants selected by convenience sampling, participated in the study. Study with a quantitative, descriptive, correlational character, aiming to describe phenomena and, in addition, identify and explore possible relationships between variables. The WHOQOL-Bref instrument adapted from WHO was applied. The data treatment and analysis were performed using descriptive, correlational, and inferential statistics. Results: Students' self-assessment about Quality of Life is globally superior to the self-assessment with their satisfaction with health, where the female students have lower average values than the male students. The WHOQOL-Bref domains referring to Quality of Life with higher values were the Physical and Environment domain, with the Social Relations and Psychological domains having the lowest values. Conclusion: The results point to the need for intervention to promote the Quality of Life of students, focusing on psychosocial factors, due to the conditions imposed during the confinement period, by the pandemic COVID-19., Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a qualidade de vida dos estudantes do ensino superior dos Institutos Politécnicos de Santarém e Leiria no período da pandemia COVID-19. Métodos: A população é constituída 6483 estudantes que frequentam o ensino superior, dos dois Institutos. Um total de 775 participantes selecionados por amostragem de conveniência participaram no estudo. Estudo de caráter quantitativo, descritivo-correlacional, visando descrever fenómenos e posteriormente identificar e explorar possíveis relações entre as variáveis. Aplicou-se o instrumento WHOQOL-Bref adaptado da WHO. O tratamento e análise dos dados foi realizado com recurso à estatística descritiva, correlacional e inferencial. Resultados: A autoavaliação dos estudantes relativamente à Qualidade de Vida é globalmente superior à autoavaliação com a sua satisfação com a saúde, sendo os estudantes do género feminino que apresentam valores médios inferiores aos estudantes do género masculino. Os domínios do WHOQOL-Bref referentes à Qualidade de Vida com valores superiores foram o domínio físico e meio ambiente, sendo os domínios das relações sociais e psicológico, os que apresentam valores menores. Conclusão: Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de intervenção na promoção da Qualidade de Vida dos estudantes, com foco em fatores psicossociais, decorrente das condicionantes impostas no período de confinamento, pela pandemia COVID-19.

During the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus, the whole world faced numerous issues in regard to an urgent response that was needed in all areas of society. Education is one of the fields that has faced the biggest changes as well as problems caused by the transfer of learning from the real world to the virtual environment. The aim of this research is to examine the barriers that students encountered during the implementation of distance learning. The research was conducted on a sample of 424 high school students using an especially designed instrument that included 40 potential barriers. By using factor analysis, the barriers in distance learning were identified and grouped into nine dominant factors: socio-emotional, content-related, communication and support, technical skills, assessment, technical conditions, administrative, organizational, and cheating on tests. The ranking of the selected factors showed that in our sample the most common barriers were cheating on tests and assessment, while technical skills were the least common barrier. The obtained results point to significant pedagogical implications in the field of didactic-methodological education and teacher professional development, but also to the need to empower them to engage in cooperative and team work.

Context: The COVID-19 pandemic changed life for everyone, but especially for nursing home residents. In March 2020, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services in the United States enacted nursing home restrictions regarding visitation from outside family/friends and changes to facility activity programmes. Objective: This study explored the nursing home policies and practices that preserved relationships among nursing home residents with spouses/partners. Nursing home social workers shared the effects of COVID-19 restrictions on residents’ relationships with spouses/partners and how they sought to maintain these essential social connections to minimise the detrimental effect on the psychosocial well-being of residents. Methods: The study utilised both an online survey and 10 telephone interviews with nursing home social workers in four southern states. Findings: Twenty-eight percent of participants reported that no visitors were allowed, while 25% allowed couples to visit with one another as usual. The most noted practices to maintain social connections were phone calls, video calls, and ‘window’ visits between residents and family/friends; however, as one respondent noted, ‘It’s just not the same. It’s affected them greatly.’ Interviews revealed further details about the detrimental effects of the COVID-19 restrictions on nursing home residents’ overall mental health and attachment relationships with spouses/partners. Limitations: Study limitations exist in the focus on practices in four south-eastern states, with no inclusion of northern US states. An additional limitation of sampling is discussed. Implications: These results highlight the importance of maintaining social connections between residents and spouses/partners. Policies and practices that enhance relationships and connections under all circumstances should be formalised and all health care team members trained to ensure implementation.

Operations researchers worldwide rely extensively on quantitative simulations to model alternative aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Proper uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analysis are fundamental to enrich the modeling process and communicate correctly informed insights to decision-makers. We develop a methodology to obtain insights on key uncertainty drivers, trend analysis and interaction quantification through an innovative combination of probabilistic sensitivity techniques and machine learning tools. We illustrate the approach by applying it to a representative of the family of susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) models recently used in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We focus on data of the early pandemic progression in Italy and the United States (the U.S.). We perform the analysis for both cases of correlated and uncorrelated inputs. Results show that quarantine rate and intervention time are the key uncertainty drivers, have opposite effects on the number of total infected individuals and are involved in the most relevant interactions.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the effect of vaccine types applied in our country against 2019 coronavirus disease on the formation of protective antibodies in oncology patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data of 81 cancer patients who received at least one dose of vaccine for COVID-19 and radiotherapy were analyzed retrospectively. At any time after the vaccination, blood samples were taken and the antibody titers against the vaccine were measured. RESULTS: There were 28 (34.6 %) patients who received two doses of vaccine and 48 patients (59.3 %) who received 3 doses of vaccine (Sinovac only), while 26 patients (32.1 %) were given both vaccines. The mean time for antibody measurement was 62 days after the last vaccination. IgG levels were significantly higher in patients who received Biontech vaccine than in those who received Sinovac (r = 0.525; p < 0.001). While chemotherapy was the factor that decreased the mean IgM level (p = 0.044), advanced disease (stages 3 and 4) was a significant factor that increased the mean IgG level (p = 0.047). A statistically significant negative correlation was found between IgM antibody level and WBC count after first vaccination (r = ‒0.251; p = 0.024). For every WBC count unit increase in the first vaccination period, there was a 1.333-fold increase in the risk of IgM negativity. CONCLUSION: The Biontech vaccine produced higher antibody levels in advanced oncology patients. While the application of radiotherapy in cancer patients was not found to be an effective factor in the vaccination status, it was determined that the application of chemotherapy significantly reduced IgM levels (Tab. 5, Ref. 28). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Recep Tayyip Erdogan University ; Coordination Unit for Projects of Scientific Research

This paper proposes a model of pastoral care in the pandemic era which is inspired by the concepts of decreation and attention in Simone Weil’s thinking. Decreation and attention are two important concepts in Weil's theological thought. Decreation in Weil's thought can be interpreted as denial of oneself so that the other can be revealed. The concept of decreation is inspired by God's act of withdrawal, which He did so that all creation could exist. Decreation manifests in attention, by emptying oneself, and being ready to be fully open to the disclosure of the other. Using Weil’s two concepts, this paper proposes “decreational ministry.” In this model, the church is no longer focused on pastoral ministries that are “creating” forms of service that attract many congregations to come to church, but instead focuses on placing other people or the congregation as the center of pastoral care. Decreational ministry thus has three characteristics: (1) space-giving, (2) friendly, (3) “empty” and “silent.”, Makalah ini mengusulkan sebuah model re-imajinasi pelayanan pastoral di era pandemi yang terinspirasi dari konsep dekreasi dan atensi dalam pemikiran Simone Weil. Dekreasi dan atensi adalah dua konsep penting dalam pemikiran teologis Weil. Dekreasi dalam pemikiran Weil dapat diartikan sebagai penyangkalan terhadap diri sendiri, supaya yang liyan dapat teraktualisasi. Konsep dekreasi ini terinspirasi dari tindakan penarikan diri Allah, yang dilakukan-Nya supaya seluruh ciptaan dapat mengada. Dekreasi mewujud dalam atensi, yang merupakan sikap penuh perhatian pada yang liyan dengan cara mengosongkan diri, sehingga siap untuk terbuka sepenuhnya pada penyingkapan yang liyan. Menggunakan dua konsep Weil tersebut, makalah ini mengusulkan model “pelayanan dekreasi.” Dalam model pelayanan ini, gereja tidak lagi disibukkan dengan pelayanan pastoral yang sifatnya “mengkreasi” bentuk-bentuk pelayanan yang menarik banyak jemaat untuk datang ke gereja, melainkan berfokus pada “pelayanan dekreasi” yang mewujud dalam atensi, yaitu pelayanan yang menempatkan orang lain atau jemaat sebagai pusat dari pelayanan pastoral. Pelayanan dekreasi diwujudkan dalam tiga bentuk: (1) pelayanan yang memberi ruang, (2) pelayanan yang bersahabat di tengah penderitaan, dan (3) pelayanan yang “kosong” dan “diam.”

Difficulties overcoming the management of online learning in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic, due to the level of availability of technological devices, the readiness of human resources, the level of technological literacy of teachers, students and parents and the readiness of educational institutions. This article uses a descriptive qualitative method, this paper aims to map the forms of efforts to overcome online learning difficulties during the co-19 pandemic and analyze the causes. Data collected sourced from primary data and secondary data. Secondary data of 50 Aliyah madrasah institutions in Bengkulu. Primary data includes teacher profiling, motivation, types of difficulties and efforts to overcome the difficulties they experience. Secondary data consists of teacher literacy and attendance, statistics on teacher competency test results. Primary data and secondary data are used as a basis for analysis in efforts to overcome difficulties in managing online learning during the co-19 pandemic, through interviews with 15 teachers and 15 students, taking into account their special characteristics, situation and culture. This study shows that differences in socioeconomic groups of students and parents shape their opportunities to study online. The gap in students' socio-economic class has consequences for the level of difficulty in managing online learning in communicating, responding, doing activities, collaborating and achieving student competency and achievement. The existing structural gaps are an important factor in interpreting the reality of difficulties in managing online learning at Aliyah madrasas in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia.

Background: The population of migrants all over the world is progressively rising. The major reasons for migration include the desire for self-actualization, moving to a place with more opportunities, tourism, and education, and escaping hardship and political unrest in the home country. In recent times climate change, insecurity, and economic hardship are top of the list. The global economy has suffered a major blow from the multiple waves of the lingering COVID-19 pandemic. To lessen the scourge of inflation and to restore economic stability, several countries are being forced to liberalize their immigration policies and therefore immigrants are welcomed in these nations. This review attempts to investigate how migration in the post-pandemic era affects migrants' mental health. Main Text: Migration and the COVID-19 epidemic both have beneficial and durable effects on the mental health of migrants and immigration laws have a direct impact on several health-related issues. Mental health disorders may develop at any point from the pre-migration phase to the post-migration settlement in the host nations. Factors such as host community, racism, marginalization, political climate, poor support, loss of social status, language barriers, undocumented status, climate change, mode of dressing in the host country, and several others may lead to mental health disorders among migrants. Unfortunately, there is limited access to care, and the services provided may not be culturally sensitive. Conclusion: Despite the benefits gotten from migration like financial benefits and economic development of the native country and the left behind family members, migration has enormous psychological complications which have to be attended to. Access to specialists who are trained to provide culturally sensitive interventions and implement outreach programs to introduce the services to the migrants’ community should be encouraged.

Çalışanların Covid-19 risk algısına bağlı olarak artan kaygı düzeyleri ve örgütün ekonomik koşullara dayanabilirliği hakkındaki düşünceleri durumluk kaygı ile birleşerek işten ayrılma niyetini tetikleyebilmektedir. Çalışmada Türkiye’de bilişim sektörü çalışanlarının Covid-19 kaynaklı risk algıları, örgütsel dayanıklılık algıları, durumluk kaygı düzeyleri ve işten ayrılma niyetleri araştırılmıştır. Araştırmaya 267 kişi katılmış, veriler SPSS 22 ve AMOS 24 programları aracılığıyla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda Covid-19 bilişsel risk algısının işten ayrılma niyeti üzerinde negatif, duygusal Covid-19 risk algısının ve durumluk kaygının pozitif yönde etkisi olduğu bulunmuştur. Bilişsel Covid-19 risk algısının durumluk kaygı üzerinde negatif yönde, duygusal Covid-19 risk algısının pozitif yönde etkili olduğu bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Bilişsel ve duygusal Covid-19 risk algılarının işten ayrılma niyeti üzerine etkisinde durumluk kaygının aracılık etkisinin düşük düzeyde ve pozitif yönde olduğu saptanmıştır. Son olarak örgütsel dayanıklılık algısının bilişsel risk algısı arttıkça azalan işten ayrılma niyetini pozitif yönde ve duygusal Covid-19 risk algısı artıkça artan işten ayrılmaya niyetini negatif yönde düzenlendiği sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır., Increasing anxiety levels due to the Covid-19 risk perception of the employees and their thoughts about the resilience of the organization to economic conditions, combined with state anxiety, may trigger the intention to leave the job. In this study, the risk perceptions due to Covid-19, organizational resilience, state anxiety levels, and intention to leave of the IT sector employees in Turkey were investigated. 267 people participated in the research, and the data obtained were analyzed through SPSS 22 and AMOS 24 programs. According to the results, the effect of cognitive Covid-19 risk perception on intention to leave is negative, the affective Covid-19 risk perception, and the effect of state anxiety on intention to leave are positive. It has been found that cognitive Covid-19 risk perception has a negative effect on state anxiety, while affective Covid-19 risk perception has a positive effect. The mediating effect of state anxiety between Covid-19 risk perception and intention to leave is low-level positive. Finally, it has been concluded that organizational resilience perception positively regulates the decreased intention to leave while cognitive risk perception increases, and negatively regulates the increased intention to leave while affective Covid-19 risk perception increases.

Pandemi sürecinde işletmelerin prensiplerinde bir takım değişimler meydana gelmiştir. Bu değişimleri gerçekleştirirken işletme/çalışanlarının deneyimlerinin ortaya konması sürecin meydana getirdiği sonuçları anlayabilmek adına önem arz etmektedir. Araştırmanın amacı pandemi sürecinin işletme ve çalışanlar üzerindeki sonuçların tespit edilmesidir. Bu kapsamda araştırmada pandemi sürecinden etkilenen işletmelerin katılımcılarıyla görüşmeler yapılarak, işletmelerin ve çalışanların deneyimlerinin elde edilmesi ve anlamlandırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmada nitel veri toplama tekniklerinden derinlemesine görüşmelerle veriler elde edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde yorumlayıcı fenomenolojik analiz kullanılmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler çerçevesinde katılımcılara 4 temel soru ve temel soruları destekleyen sondaj sorular yöneltilmiştir. Görüşmeler sonucunda elde edilen verilerin dökümleri yapılarak araştırmacılar tarafından kodlamaya tabi tutulmuştur. Kodlardan hareketle kategoriler oluşturulmuştur. Her bir kod kendisine uyan kategoriler içerisine aktarılmıştır. Kendi içerisinde benzer olanlar aynı temada toplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular çerçevesinde “Süreçte Yaşananlar”, “Sürecin İşletmeye Yansıması”, Sürecin Çalışanlara Yansıması”, “Süreçte Alınan Önlemler” ve “Sürece Dair Tavsiyeler” olmak üzere 5 tema yer almaktadır. Araştırmanın sonucunda işletme sahibi/çalışanı kişilerin; pandemi sürecinde maddi zorluklar yaşadığı, sosyal ilişkilerinin öncesine göre azaldığı, çalışma prensiplerinde birtakım değişiklikler olduğu ve bu süreci atlatabilmek adına işletmelerinde mesafe ve hijyen gibi önlemler aldıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. İşletme sahipleri/çalışanları sürecin daha iyi yönetebilmesi için temasın önlemesinin, kurallara uyulmasının ve tedbirlerinin devam ettirilmesinin üzerinde durmuştur., During the pandemic process, some changes have occurred in the principles of businesses. While making these changes, it is important to reveal the experiences of the enterprise/employees in order to understand the results of the process. The aim of the research is to determine the consequences of the pandemic process on the business and employees. In this context, it is aimed to obtain and make sense of the experiences of businesses and employees by conducting interviews with the participants of the businesses affected by the pandemic process. In the research, data were obtained through in-depth interviews from qualitative data collection techniques. In this context, semi-structured interview technique was used. Interpretive phenomenological analysis was used in the analysis of the data. Within the framework of semi-structured interviews, 4 basic questions and sounding questions supporting the basic questions were asked to the participants. The data obtained as a result of the interviews were transcribed and coded by the researchers. Categories were created based on the codes. Each code has been transferred into categories that fit it. Those that are similar in themselves are gathered under the same theme. Within the framework of the findings obtained, there are 5 themes: Experiences in the Process", "Reflection of the Process to the Business", Reflection of the Process to the Employees", "Measures Taken in the Process" and "Recommendations Regarding the Process". As a result of the research, the owner/employee of the business; It has been concluded that he has experienced financial difficulties during the pandemic process, his social relations have decreased compared to before, there have been some changes in his working principles, and they have taken measures such as distance and hygiene in their enterprises in order to overcome this process. The business owners/employees emphasized the prevention of contact, the observance of the rules and the continuation of the precautions in order to better manage the process

In order to prevent the spread of the disease in the Covid-19 pandemic, various restrictions such as curfew, partial shutdowns, or full shutdowns have been taken. These restrictions have also brought to light the importance of social assistance and solidarity. Within the framework of the study, the purpose, structure, and operation of the social support model developed in Türkiye were established to avoid the victimization of individuals who were unable to take the streets and who had no one to help them address their needs. In order to meet the basic needs of citizens aged 65 and older and chronically ill during the pandemic process, Vefa Social Support Groups (VSSG) were formed throughout Türkiye and various demands of a quarter of Türkiye's population were met. While the application in various provinces has been terminated, the VSSG, which continues its activities in the province of Isparta, has been discussed in-depth in the study. It has been observed that Isparta Vefa Social Support Groups (IVSSG) fulfills the demands of citizens in seven different items such as bank transactions, billing transactions, food-market shopping, salary check, drug supply, permission request and other (dress-up and fuel assistance requests, etc.).

Amaç: Pandemi döneminde COVID-19 dışında herhangi bir nedenle bebeği yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesine (YYBB) yatırılan annelerde kaygı ve depresyon prevalansını ve YYBB'de kalma süresinin annelerin kaygı ve depresyonuna etkisini belirlemek.Materyal ve metod: YYBB anneleri bebeklerinin hastanede yatış sürelerine göre üç gruba ayrıldı. Bebeklerin hastanede yatış süresi birinci grup annelerde (G1) < 7 gün, ikinci grupta (G2) ≥ 7- 40 idi ve bu da klinik kaygı düzeylerini gösteriyordu. Annelerin 73'ünün (%48.7) EPDS puanı >12 idi. Grup 3’teki annelerin STAI-Durumluk puanları G2'deki annelerden daha yüksekti (p=0.029). Depresyon puanları üç grup arasında farklılık göstermedi.Sonuç: Tüm YYBB annelerinin kaygılı olduğu ve yaklaşık yarısının depresif olduğu saptandı. YYBB'de daha uzun süre kalan bebeklerin annelerinde ortalama durumluk kaygı düzeyleri daha yüksekti., Background: To determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression of the mothers whose babies were admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for any reason other than COVID-19 during the pandemic, and the effect of duration of NICU stay on mothers' anxiety and depression.Materials and Methods: The NICU mothers were divided into three groups according to duration of hospitalization of their babies. The duration of hospitalization of the babies was < 7 days for the first group of the mothers (G1), ≥ 7- 40, indicating clinical levels of anxiety. Seventy three (48.7%) of the mothers had a EPDS score > 12. The STAI-State scores of the mothers in G3 were higher than the mothers in G2 (p=0.029). Depression scores did not differ between the three groups.Conclusions: All the NICU mothers were found to be anxious and nearly half of them were depressive. Mean state anxiety levels were higher in mothers of babies who stayed longer in NICU.

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde okul çocuğuna sahip ebeveynlerin anksiyete düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla planlanmıştır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı türde olan bu araştırmanın evrenini Şubat-Ağustos 2021 tarihleri arasında araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden okul yaş dönemi çocuğa sahip olan ebeveynler oluşturmuştur. Araştırma 250 ebeveyn ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin toplanmasında; kişisel özellikler bilgi formu, ebeveynlerin çocuklarının sağlığı ile ilgili düşüncelerine yönelik bilgi formu ve koronavirüs anksiyete ölçeği kısa formu kullanılmış ve katılımcılara Google Form aracılığıyla ulaşılmıştır. Veriler SPSS 26 paket programı kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmaya başlamadan önce Sinop Üniversitesi Etik Kurulu’na başvurulmuş ve etik onay alınmıştır. Bulgular: Ebeveynlerin yaş ortalaması 35.95±6.56(22-57) olup %60.6’sı (n=201) kadın, %39.4’ü (n=49) erkektir. Ebeveynlerin %45.2’si (n=113) üniversite ve üzeri eğitim düzeyine sahiptir. Ebeveynlerin koronavirüs anksiyete ölçeği puan ortalaması 7.51±3.10(0-20) çıkmıştır. Ebeveynlerin okul yaş dönemi çocuklarının sağlığına yönelik anksiyete puan ortalaması 7.06±2.99(0-10) bulunmuştur. İlkokul eğitim düzeyine sahip ebeveynlerin ve Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde çocuğu ile ilgilenirken zorluk yaşayan, çocuğunun uyku düzeni bozulan, çocuğunun gelişimi olumsuz etkilenen, çocuğunun beslenme düzeni bozulan, çocuğunun kaygısı artan ebeveynlerin koronavirüs anksiyete seviyesi istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olacak şekilde daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p, Aim: This study was planned to determine the anxiety levels of parents who have school children during the Covid-19 pandemic process. Method: The universe of this descriptive study consisted of parents who had school-age children who agreed to participate in the study between February and August 2021. The research was conducted with 250 parents. Participants were reached via google form by using personal characteristics information form, information form about parents' thoughts about their children's health, and short form of coranavirus anxiety scale. The data were evaluated using the SPSS 26 package program. Before starting the research, Sinop University Ethics Committee was consulted and ethical approval was obtained. Results: The average age of the parents was 35.95±6.56 (22-57) years, 60.6% (n=201) of them were female and 39.4% (n=49) were male. 45.2% of the parents (n=113) have a university or higher education level. The average score of the parents on the coronavirus anxiety scale was 7.51±3.10 (0-20), and their Covid-19 anxiety symptoms was at a low level. The mean anxiety score of the parents for the health of their school-age children was 7.06±2.99(0-10), and it was found that their anxiety about their children's health was at a high level. Coronavirus anxiety of parents with primary school education was found to be statistically significantly higher. Coronavirus anxiety was found to be higher for parents who had difficulties in dealing with their child, whose child's sleep pattern was disturbed, whose child's development was adversely affected, whose child's diet was disturbed, and whose child's anxiety increased (p

During the pandemic, artists have created new works, initiated political actions and civil activism, supporting the health prevention policy with the “I stay at home” campaign, but also organizing, at a later stage, protest movements, in defence of the right to perform one’s work, broadening the criticisms to a macro vision: in defence of the environment and the weakest groups, against violence against women, increased by 30%, for aid to immigrants, in denouncing urban marginality (street art), and the depopulation of small towns. The lack of attention on the part of politics, in Italy, and in other European countries, has then generated real opposition movements, an exemplary case being the song “Danser encore,” whose lyrics expressed a protest against government-imposed restrictions, and which turned into flash mob events in many countries. The depoliticization of contemporary art, of which Yves Michaud wrote, is a past concept, because we can see artistic movements shifting towards the safeguarding of universal rights and duties, up to the latest interpretations of what justice is and how to overcome social inequalities according to the visions of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum.

Purpose This research aimed to analyze the relationship between unemployment and entrepreneurship in Brazil, from 2016 to 2021, focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative, descriptive research, using the survey method, through the IBGE, GEM and Entrepreneur Portal databases. The data were arranged through descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings There was a growth behavior over time, with main emphasis on the pandemic period, with an increase of 14% in unemployment, 23% in initial entrepreneurship, and 94% in active IMEs (Individual Micro-Entrepreneur). However, unemployment and initial entrepreneurship displayed little association, demonstrating that entrepreneurship in Brazil has much more important relationships with other factors. On the other hand, initial entrepreneurship and the amount of active IMEs showcased a strong relation, to the point that, for every 5 new initial entrepreneurs in the Brazilian market, 1 IME is formalized. Limitations Use of quantitative research solely, disregarding the use of qualitative analyses, which would make it possible to identify factors that actually influence entrepreneurship. Originality/value The research exposed, as a great discovery, that there is no relation between unemployment and entrepreneurship in the pandemic period in Brazil, unlike previous scientific and professional studies that claim the existence of such link, opening, therefore, a new perspective on the motivations to start a business in the country. RESUMO Finalidade O presente estudo objetivou analisar a relação entre desemprego e empreendedorismo no Brasil, no período de 2016 a 2021, com enfoque na pandemia da COVID-19. Design/metodologia/abordagem Trata-se de pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva, utilizando o método de levantamento, através das bases de dados do IBGE, do GEM e do Portal do Empreendedor. Os dados foram tratados por meio da estatística descritiva e inferencial. Descobertas Constatou-se um comportamento de crescimento, ao longo do tempo, com mais ênfase no período pandêmico, com aumento de 14% de desemprego, 23% de empreendedorismo inicial e 94% de MEIs ativos. Entretanto, o desemprego e o empreendedorismo inicial apresentaram baixa associação, demonstrando que o empreendedorismo no Brasil sofre relações muito mais importantes com outros fatores. Por outro lado, o empreendedorismo inicial e o número de MEIs ativos apresentaram forte relação, a ponto de, a cada 5 novos empreendedores iniciais no mercado brasileiro, ter-se a formalização de 1 MEI ativo. Limitações Utilização apenas da pesquisa quantitativa, desconsiderando o uso de análises qualitativas, que possibilitariam identificar os fatores que realmente influenciam no empreendedorismo. Originalidade/valor A pesquisa trouxe como grande descoberta que não há relação entre desemprego e empreendedorismo no período pandêmico no Brasil, diferentemente de análises científicas e profissionais anteriores que afirmam haver tal vínculo, abrindo, portanto, uma nova visão sobre as motivações de empreender no país.

Die Covid-19-Pandemie hat den Alltag grundlegend verändert. Dieser Beitrag stellt diese Veränderungen mit Blick auf Wohlbefinden, Beziehungen und Alltagsbeschäftigungen aus der Sicht von Sechs- bis Zwölfjährigen aus Luxemburg vor. Die Daten stammen aus qualitativen Interviews, die im Jahr 2020 durchgeführt wurden, sowie aus standardisierten Befragungen mit Kindern in Luxemburg in den Jahren 2020 und 2021. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich alle Kinder von der Pandemie betroffen fühlten, diese jedoch unterschiedlich erlebten. Viele Kinder äußerten schon zu Beginn der Pandemie ausgeprägte Ängste und Sorgen. Solche negativen Emotionen nahmen mit der Zeit zu. Bei ihren Alltagsbeschäftigungen kam es zu einer Verschiebung von außerhäuslichen zu eher häuslichen Aktivitäten während der Pandemie, die sich auch als Ausdruck einer zwischenzeitlichen "Verhäuslichung von Kindheit" interpretieren lassen. Die Befragung im Sommer 2021 bestätigt, dass viele Veränderungen auch mittelfristig bestehen blieben. The Covid-19 pandemic has changed children's lives. This paper presents the changes of children's wellbeing, relationships, and everyday activities from the perspective of six to twelve-year-olds in Luxembourg during the pandemic. The data draw on interviews carried out in 2020 and standardised surveys in 2020 and 2021. The results show that all children were affected by the pandemic but experienced it differently. Many children expressed fears and worries right at the beginning of the pandemic and these emotions intensified over time. Their leisure time activities shifted from more outside to more domestic activities during the pandemic which in our view corresponds to an intermediate "domestication of childhood". The survey in the summer of 2021 confirms that many of these changes remained or intensified.

Background: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among people with physical disabilities might differ between countries due to differences in implemented measures and infection rates. This study aimed to understand the impact of the pandemic on physical activity (PA) and social isolation among adults with physical disabilities in Canada and the Netherlands, and examine associationsbetween PA and social isolation.Methods: Secondary data from two studies were used: the Canadian COVID-19 Disability Survey (n = 353) and the Dutch Rehabilitation, Sports and Active lifestyle (ReSpAct) 2.0 study (n = 445). Self-reported PA was measured using IPAQ-SF and Adapted-SQUASH. Social isolation was measured using the PROMIS Social Isolation. Descriptive and regression analyses were performed.Results: Canadian participants spent on average 163 min (Median = 0; IQR = 120) on moderate-to-vigorous PA per week and Dutch participants 934 min (Median = 600; IQR = 1125). In Canada, 64% reported to have become less physically active since the pandemic compared to 37% of Dutch participants. In both samples, no clinically relevant associations were found between PA and social isolation.Conclusions: The findings emphasize the negative impact of the pandemic on PA and social isolation in adults with physical disabilities in Canada and the Netherlands. Future research is needed to better understand if and how PA can be used to reduce social isolation in peoplewith disabilities. This study illustrates how cross-country collaborations and exchange provide opportunities to inspire and learn from initiatives and programs in other countries and may help to improve PA support among people with disabilities during and after the pandemic

The 21st century has brought significant changes for economic operators, not only from a technological point of view. Some of these changes have been positive, while others have created major challenges or problems that have had to be adapted to very quickly. The COVID-19 pandemic or the Russian-Ukrainian conflict have triggered a clear crisis process in many countries and businesses. However, it is assumed that crises do not affect everyone in the same way. This study aims to examine the impact of these two events on certain European countries. To this end, five macroeconomic indicators have been selected and their changes before and after the crises are examined. The study seeks to answer the question of how the crisis events have affected the basic macroeconomic indicators of the countries and whether it can be said that the crisis has left everyone worse off. Are some countries more resilient to the current adverse trends? We base our analysis not only on macroeconomic indicators, but also review the evolution of the IMD competitiveness indicator as a confirmation. The macroeconomic indicators and the competitiveness report will show how the macroeconomic and competitiveness situation of each country has changed following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, which was also significantly affected by the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. By reviewing this period, it will become clear to what extent the countries under study were affected by the events and it will be possible to identify which countries can be considered the biggest losers.

During the era of the COVID-19 lockdown, many Nigerians resorted to home remedies like herbal mixtures for therapy because they could not have access to orthodox medicine. Eucalyptus camaldulensis (E. camaldulensis) essential oil was one of such remedies as many believed it had the potential to treat colds, flu, sore throats, bronchitis and even prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. The objective of the study is to check the antioxidant, dermal and acute toxicological effects of the E. camaldulensis essential oil. Rats were grouped into 8 of 5 each. Normal and corn oil (2ml/kg body weight) control groups. E. camaldulensis essential oil from Jos, Niger, Nasarawa, Kogi, Kwara, and Benue zones were given at 2ml/kg body weight for 14 days as well as applied on the shaved skin of the rats. No mortality was recorded in the sub-acute toxicity study at low and high doses (10mg/kg and 5000mg/kg). The levels of AST, ALT, TNF-α and IL-6 did not significantly differ from normal control rats. Lungs Investigation recorded a significant increase in the TNF-α. Antioxidant enzyme assays showed a significant increase in catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione-s-transferase. Histological examination showed focal inflammation with moderate cytoplasmic clearing in the liver and focal mild epidermal sclerosis of the skin. Dermal application of the oil shows no significant toxic effect except some mild inflammation (skin irritation). Oral administrations were relatively safe with mild adverse effect observed in the lung inflammatory markers.

The COVID-19 pandemic ravaged the world, not only threatening people’s health but also impacting various industries. This paper will focus on the impact of the pandemic on the music industry, specifically on live and recorded music. To help determine how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted both live and recorded music, we will analyze the log-returns of stock data of three companies representative of the music industry: Live Nation Entertainment, Tencent Music Entertainment, and Warner Music Group. We also provide descriptive statistics related to the log-returns of stock data of the three companies and calculate the correlation coefficients of the log returns for these companies using three correlation methods (Pearson correlation test, Kendall correlation test, and Spearman correlation) before and after the pandemic. From stock price charts, we observed a negative relationship between the stock indices of both live and recorded music during the early pandemic period. However, we found that there was no correlation in the log-returns of both live and recorded music company stocks after the COVID-19 vaccination became widely available, despite their being a slight positive correlation from the results.

Background Enhanced nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to prevent the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have shown various levels of impact on common respiratory pathogens. We aimed to analyze the epidemiological changes seen in certain common respiratory viruses found in Taiwanese children (e.g., influenza virus, enterovirus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)) after the implementation of public health measures, as well as interpret the possible meaning of these changes. Methods This retrospective observational study examined the viral isolation from children younger than 18 years at a medical center in central Taiwan during the period January 2015 – December 2020, a time frame of six years. Viral isolations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2015 – December 2019), along with those during the post-COVID-19 period (January – December 2020) were analyzed and compared. Results A total of 6,899 throat swab samples were collected during the pre-pandemic period of 2015 to 2019, with 2,681 of them having a positive result (38.86%). There were a total of 713 samples collected in 2020, with 142 of them showing positive results (19.92%). The overall positive rate of viral isolates significantly decreased in 2020 (p < 0.001). Declines in the isolation of the influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus and enterovirus were observed. The RSV surprisingly became the leading isolate, with up to 47 (6.59%) instances in 2020, and showing an unusual peak in the winter of 2020. The rise began in September of 2020 and reached its plateau in November of that year. Conclusions Most respiratory viruses decreased under NPIs regarding SARS-CoV-2. However, the RSV outbreak in the winter of 2020 had shown the limitation of current NPIs. Possible explanations have been discussed in details and public preventive measures should be reinforced for RSV, particularly amongst people having young children both at home and in care centers.

Objective: This paper aims to assess the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 outbreak on forensic medicine residency training and to reveal implemented methods to keep the standard of residency education to prevent pandemic’s catastrophic effects on education of forensic medicine residents in Turkey. Methods: Two online-based surveys were prepared towards “Residents of forensic medicine” and “Head of departments”. Survey-1 completed by 125 forensic medicine residents and Survey-2 completed by 18 heads of forensic medicine departments from different regions of Turkey. Results: More than half of the residents who started their clinical training practice before outbreak of pandemic reported that there has been a decrease in numbers of clinical practical activities, and half of the residents stated that lectures/meetings have been suspended due to the pandemic. Distance learning/meeting applications in educational activities were found “partially useful” or “useful” by 83.2% of the residents (n=104). Residents who pointed out a change in practical autopsy training reported that this change has negatively affected their forensic medicine residency training. Conclusion: Sharing our results might force potential implementations to prevent worsening and improve forensic medicine residency training here and worldwide to identify effective responses to such unexpected issues.

Usage of plastics in the form of personal protective equipment, medical devices, and common packages has increased alarmingly during these pandemic times. Though they have served as an excellent protection source in minimizing the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) spreading, they have still emerged as major environmental pollutants nowadays. These non-degradable COVID-19 plastic wastes (CPW) were treated through incineration and landfilling process, which may lead to either the release of harmful gases or contaminating the surrounding environment. Further, they can cause numerous health hazards to the human and animal populations. These plastic wastes can be efficiently managed through thermochemical processes like pyrolysis or gasification, which assist in degrading the plastic waste and also effectively convert them into useful energy-yielding products. The pyrolysis process promotes the formation of liquid fuels and chemicals, whereas gasification leads to syngas and hydrogen fuel production. These energy-yielding products can help to compensate for the fossil fuels depletion in the near future. There are many insights explained in terms of the types of reactors and influential factors that can be adopted for the pyrolysis and gasification process, to produce high efficient energy products from the wastes. In addition, advanced technologies including co-gasification and two-stage gasification were also reviewed., Graphical abstract Image 1

The disruption in the supply chain imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic has posed important challenges for companies. This study explores the consequences of the pandemic on the supply chain of companies, identifying the main problems and proposing solutions for future disruptive situations. The qualitative study presented is based on the study of multiple cases obtained through interviews with Portuguese companies. Exploring the multiple cases of companies revealed that companies with less resilient and more vulnerable supply chains, both upstream and downstream, were most affected by the pandemic. The supply chain that includes redundancies and adopting appropriate risk management tools by companies guarantees greater flexibility for supply chains to adapt more quickly to disruptive situations. This exploratory study contributes to the approach of the Complex Adaptive System theory and brings new insights into the consequences of the pandemic on supply chains.

Giriş: Primer gonartroz, yaşla birlikte artan ve günlük yaşam aktivitelerinde kısıtlamalara yol açan ilerleyici bir hastalıktır. Ameliyat yapılana kadar nonsteroid antiinflamatuar ilaçlar, eklem içi enjeksiyonlar ve fizik tedavi yöntemleri kullanılır.Amaç: Bu çalışma, COVID-19 pandemi döneminde primer gonartrozda ağrının giderilmesi için eklem içi kortikosteroid (CCS) ve hyalüronik asit (HA) enjeksiyonlarının klinik sonuçlarını karşılaştırmayı amaçlamaktadır.Çalışma Tasarımı: Retrospektif Kohort Çalışması.Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada Kellgren-Lawrence sınıflamasına göre evre 2 ve üzeri gonartrozu olan ve Ağustos 2020 ile Mart 2021 tarihleri ​​arasında eklem içi CCS ve HA enjeksiyonu yapılan 88 hasta incelendi. Hastalar iki gruba ayrıldı. Grup I, HA enjeksiyonu yapılan hastaları, grup II ise CCS enjeksiyonu yapılan hastaları içermektedir. Hastaların ameliyat öncesi ve ameliyat sonrası fonksiyonel değerlendirmelerinde Western Ontario ve McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) ve Knee Society Score (KSS) skorları kullanıldı. Bulgular: Grup I'de 40 hasta ve grup II'de 48 hasta yer aldı. Ortalama yaş 59.4 ± 7.3 yıl, ortalama takip süresi 12 ± 2,6 ay idi. Enjeksiyon öncesi WOMAC skorları Grup I'de 13,5 ve Grup II'de 13.6, KSS skorları Grup I'de 26,5 ve Grup II'de 25,2 idi. Her iki grupta 1. ayda kontrolde anlamlı bir değişiklik varken, gruplar arasında fark bulunmadı. 6. ay kontrolünde, grup 1'deki iyileşme enjeksiyon öncesi döneme göre anlamlı düzeyde devam ederken, grup 2 enjeksiyon öncesi seviyeye döndü. (p, Background: Primary gonarthrosis is a progressive disease that increases with age and leads to limitations in activities of daily living. Until surgery is performed, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, intraarticular injections, and physical therapy methods are used.Purpose: This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes of intra- articular corticosteroid (CCS) and hyaluro nic acid (HA) injections for pain relief in primary gonartrhosis in COVID -19 pandemic period.Study Design: Retrospective Cohort Study.Methods: In this study, 88 patients who underwent intra-articular CCS and HA injection between August 2020 and March 2021 due to Kellgren-Lawrence stage 2 and higher gonarthrosis were investigated. Patients were divided into two groups. Group I represents the patients who received HA injections, and group II represents the patients who received CCS injection. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) and Knee Society Score (KSS) scores were used for the preoperative and postoperative functional evaluations of the patients. Results: Group I included 40 patients and group II included 48 patients. The mean age was 59.4 ± 7.3 years, and the average follow-up period was 12 ± 2,6 months. The pre-intervention WOMAC scores were 13,5 in Group I and 13.6 in Group II, KSS scores were 26,5 in Group I and 25,2 in Group II. While there was a significant change in the control at month 1 in both groups, no difference was found between the groups. At the 6th month control, the improvement in group 1 continued at a significant level compared to the pre-injection period, while group 2 returned to the pre-injection level. (p