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Recent developed finite rate of innovation (FRI) theory provides an efficient way for sub-Nyquist sampling of wideband parametric signals in the fields of radar and communication. However, the existing hardware schemes of FRI sampling systems have not considered the non-ideal effects of physical components, which lead to low accuracy in the signal reconstruction process. In this brief, we propose a FRI sampling system for parametric signals with non-ideal sinc kernel, which significantly improves the reconstruction performance under non-ideal hardware environment. The proposed system consists of two parallel sampling channels. The first channel samples the parametric signal at a low speed after filtered with a LPF, which is used to obtain a part of Fourier coefficients. The other channel obtains a part of Fourier coefficients of its basis signal in the same way. To eliminate the non-ideal effects of physical components, we propose a parameters joint estimation algorithm by using the obtained Fourier coefficients. We also provide a hardware platform design scheme for implementing our system. According to simulation and hardware experiment results, the proposed system can eliminate non-ideal effects in the hardware process, and greatly improve the signal reconstruction accuracy.

Based on a material view and reductionism, science has achieved great success. These cognitive paradigms treat the external as an objective existence and ignore internal consciousness. However, this cognitive paradigm, which we take for granted, has also led to some dilemmas related to consciousness in biology and physics. Together, these phenomena reveal the interaction and inseparable side of matter and consciousness (or body and mind) rather than the absolute opposition. However, a material view that describes matter and consciousness in opposition cannot explain the underlying principle, which causes a gap in interpretation. For example, consciousness is believed to be the key to influencing wave function collapse (reality), but there is a lack of a scientific model to study how this happens. In this study, we reveal that the theory of scientific cognition exhibits a paradigm shift in terms of perception. This tendency implies that reconciling the relationship between matter and consciousness requires an abstract theoretical model that is not based on physical forms. We propose that the holistic cognitive paradigm offers a potential solution to reconcile the dilemmas and can be scientifically proven. In contrast to the material view, the holistic cognitive paradigm is based on the objective contradictory nature of perception rather than the external physical characteristics. This cognitive paradigm relies on perception and experience (not observation) and summarizes all existence into two abstract contradictory perceptual states (Yin-Yang). Matter and consciousness can be seen as two different states of perception, unified in perception rather than in opposition. This abstract perspective offers a distinction from the material view, which is also the key to falsification, and the occurrence of an event is inseparable from the irrational state of the observer’s conscious perception. Alternatively, from the material view, the event is random and has nothing to do with perception. We hope that this study can provide some new enlightenment for the scientific coordination of the opposing relationship between matter and consciousness.

A robust DNA-compatible Wittig reaction mediated by PPh2CH3 has been validated for DNA-conjugated α-chloroacetamides with aldehydes and, alternatively, DNA-conjugated aldehydes with α-halo acetamides or ketones. Further, 2-aminopyridines were acylated with α-chloroacetyl chloride and then reacted with DNA-conjugated aldehydes. Lastly, a pilot library employing our optimized Wittig reaction protocol was synthesized. The ability to generate α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds may be particularly useful for the design of DNA-encoded libraries capable of covalently interacting with protein targets.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1. The statistics of primary assembly. Supplementary Table S2. The statistics of final assembly. Supplementary Table S3. List of PCR primers used in this work. Supplementary Fig. S1. The species expression abundance results based on the reads expression level of each species. Supplementary Fig. S2. Systemic symptoms induced by SGVA-ZZ in N. benthamiana plants were observed at 33 dpi. Supplementary Fig. S3. The multiple alignment of V2 amino acids of geminiviruses. Supplementary Fig. S4. Full scan date of the immunoblots in this work.

The potential of nucleic acid therapeutics to treat diseases by targeting specific cells has resulted in its increasing number of uses in clinical settings. However, the major challenge is to deliver bio-macromolecules into target cells and/or subcellular locations of interest ahead in the development of delivery systems. Although, supercharged residues replaced protein 36 + GFP can facilitate itself and cargoes delivery, its efficiency is still limited. Therefore, we combined our recent progress to further improve 36 + GFP based delivery efficiency. We found that the penetration efficacy of 36 + GFP protein was significantly improved by fusion with CPP-Dot1l or treatment with penetration enhancer dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in vitro. After safely packaged with plasmid DNA, we found that the efficacy of in vitro and in vivo transfection mediated by 36 + GFP-Dot1l fusion protein is also significantly improved than 36 + GFP itself. Our findings illustrated that fusion with CPP-Dot1l or incubation with DMSO is an alternative way to synergically promote 36 + GFP mediated plasmid DNA delivery in vitro and in vivo.

To overcome the limitations of low sensitivity and instability of metal-medium-metal tunable surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors excited by planar waveguides, a silver-graphene-medium-graphene-silver film symmetrical SPR sensing structure excited by planar waveguides is proposed. And optimize sensor performance through modeling. The principle of symmetry structure for sensing tunability is analysed, finding that sensing with a silver film has a higher sensitivity than a gold film. However, since the silver film is easily oxidized, it affects the stability and repeatability of the sensor. To solve this problem, the graphene layer is added to the silver film to improve the disadvantage of easy oxidation of the silver film. A plane waveguide with a refractive index distribution of the residual error function of the excitation is prepared by ion exchange. The sensor structure was modeled and analyzed, and the influence of metal material, metal thickness, graphene layer number and thickness of the detection medium on the performance of the sensor was studied, and the sensing structure was better optimized. The results show that the silver film has a better sensing performance and higher sensitivity than the gold film. By adjusting the thickness of the detection medium, the refractive index range of the detection medium has a certain tunability: the choice of graphene thickness optimises sensor stability and detection sensitivity.

An innovative design method is proposed for highly uniform magnetic field coils using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. We use an optimization approach instead of the conventional method of solving closed-form equations to obtain the coil geometric parameters. We apply a PSO algorithm to the optimization of the coil structure and set an appropriate penalty function and boundary conditions. A discrete optimization is employed to avoid obtaining parameters with a large number of decimal places. Compared with the conventional design method, our method solves the problem of how to design a coil set to produce a highly uniform magnetic field under various structural and process constraints. The coil designed by this method can produce a highly uniform magnetic field for a larger effective space. This is significant for miniaturized applications, especially for miniature atomic sensors. The calculations show that the magnetic field deviations of the triaxial cylindrical coils designed by this innovative method are decreased by more than two orders of magnitude in the volume of interest (VOI) compared to conventional triaxial cylindrical coils. Our experimental measurements are consistent with theoretical values. Measurements show that relative magnetic field uniformities of the axial and radial coils reache $1.2\times 10^{-4}$ and $3.9\times 10^{-3}$ along the magnetic field axis in the range of $\pm 0.5R$ . In addition, this method can also be used to design gradient field coils or other shaped coils.

Optical vortex is a kind of unique structure light with a helical phase distribution and contains orbital angular momentum. It has been found a myriad of important applications of optical vortex, such as micromanipulation, remote sensing and communication. In recent years, there are many researches on the particle manipulation based on the orbital angular momentum of optical vortex. Especially, there is a new kind of optical vortex which is so-called “perfect” vortex whose ring radius is independent of its topological charge has an outstanding performance on the micromanipulation. However, the exist experiments can only realize manipulation of particle and the rotation speed is difficult to obtain. In this paper, we proposed a new scheme which can manipulate the particle and simultaneously detect its rotation speed. We employ the superposition perfect vortex as the probe beam. It is worth to note that the topological charge of the perfect vortex we used has an opposite sign and different magnitude. Therefore, the probe beam possesses remaining orbital angular momentum and can generate the rotational Doppler effect. The rotational Doppler effect is the basics of rotation speed detection. A corresponding experiment has been conducted to verify our method. The results have confirmed the existence of orbital angular momentum of superposition optical vortex with different topological charge. Our scheme can realize manipulation and detection the rotation speed of the particle simultaneously. It is an important supplement on the micromanipulation and maybe useful in the optical gyroscope technique.

High performance materials with excellent thermal stability and mechanical properties are highly required in high temperature area. The addition of inorganic particles is effective to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of polymers. In this work, B2O3 nanoparticles and their polymeric composites, B2O3/PI composite films, were formed by an in-situ thermal conversion. The morphology of B2O3/PI composite films were investigated by SEM, EDS and TEM. TGA and DMA were used to monitor the thermal properties of B2O3/PI composite films. The mechanical properties of the B2O3/PI composite films were characterized by tensile testing. The results indicated that the addition of B2O3 nanoparticles could significantly improve the thermal and mechanical properties of B2O3/PI composite films.

Cobalt sulfide counter electrodes for the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) were successfully prepared on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates by a facial one-step in situ solvothermal method. The influences of prepared temperature on the synthesized phase, surface morphology, electrocatalytic, and photovoltaic performances of the cobalt sulfide counter electrodes were investigated with X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Tafel, and photocurrent density–voltage (J–V) measurements. The results indicated that very thin Co9S8 nanoparticle thin films grew on the FTO substrates and the Co9S8 counter electrode prepared at 180 °C showed superior electrocatalytic activity, chemical stability, and photovoltaic performance. The DSSC based on the Co9S8 counter electrode prepared at 180 °C exhibited an efficiency of 6.59 % which was comparable to the solar cell based on the sputtering Pt counter electrode (6.82 %). It indicated that Co9S8 in situ growing on FTO glass substrate at 180 °C is a potential candidate to replace Pt as a low-cost and efficient counter electrode of DSSC.

Porous Al doped ZnO (AZO) nanosheets have been prepared as an efficient multifunctional water treatment material. Their fundamental properties were characterized by various spectroscopic testing methods. The AZO nanosheets displayed very rapid adsorption rate and high adsorption capacity for methyl orange (MO) dye. The kinetics and equilibrium of adsorption process were found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models, respectively. Furthermore, the AZO nanosheets exhibited superior photodecolorizative activity compared with the commercial P25 TiO2 nanoparticles. It was found that Al doping increased the zeta potential of AZO nanosheets and then significantly enhanced the adsorption capacity for MO dye and, at the same time, retarded the recombination of photoexcited electron–hole pairs, and prolonged the lifetime of the photo-generated carriers, and then improved the semiconductor photocatalytic activity. In addition, the visible-light-driven dye photosensitized degradation was also an important reason for enhanced photodecolorizative activity. Therefore, AZO nanosheets are a potential multifunctional water treatment material combining highly efficient adsorption and photocatalytic degradation.

During severe accidents, pools containing radioactive aerosols will boil and generate bubbles as a result of the increasing heat or decreasing pressure. The generated bubbles will then burst at the pool surface. In the process of bursting, a large number of droplets containing aerosols will be released, leading to the risk of radioactive hazards. Thus, a visualization experiment platform was built in a laboratory to investigate the bursting characteristics of bubbles in liquid pools with different aerosols and temperatures. Radioactive aerosols were replaced with materials having similar physical properties. The parameters during the bubble breaking process, such as the puncture position and film rolling speed, are very important for the breaking bubble to form droplets. Images of bubbles bursting were processed using an image processing program, and the experimental results show that the bubbles, which have a cap diameter in the range of 9–16 mm, are mainly punctured at the bottom of the bubble cap. Moreover, in distilled water, as the temperature increases, more bubbles are punctured at the bottom of the cap. This probability also continues to increase with an increasing mass concentration of aerosols. The film rolling speed in the presence of aerosols was also obtained. With a suspension of 0.1 g/L TiO2, the speed decreases with increasing temperature; however, when the concentration of TiO2 increases to 0.2 g/L, the speed does not decrease notably with increasing temperature. Furthermore, the phenomenon of aerosol aggregation at the liquid surface was observed at high temperatures.

A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing structure based on gold–silver composite nanogratings and a prism is presented in this paper. Tuning the cycle, height and other relevant parameters of the silver–gold bimetallic nanometre grating sensor structure enabled the optimization of the plasma sensor. High sensitivity can be obtained using the transmission of the metal grating to excite a surface plasma. When a silver–gold bimetallic nanometre grating with the structural parameters of a silver film thickness of 20 nm, a gold nanometre grating height of 35 nm, and an incidence angle of 36°were used, ethanol solutions of different concentrations were detected. The numerical simulation shows that the angular sensitivity of the sensor reaches 342°/RIU (degrees per refractive index unit) with a FWHM (full width at half maximum) of 2.73°; in addition, good linearity is observed between the refractive index and resonance angle.

We propose a new kind of optical vortex called the Hermite–Gaussian-like optical vortex (HGOV) inspired by the cross phase (CP). Theoretically, we investigate how the CP is decoupled from the phase of a cylindrical lens. We also investigate the propagation characteristics of an HGOV, which has a Hermite–Gaussian-like intensity distribution but still retains the orbital angular momentum. Furthermore, we derive the Fresnel diffraction integral of an HGOV and study the purity at infinity. Besides, we show a novel function of the self-measurement of the HGOV. Finally, we show that we can change the relative positions of singularities and the direction of an HGOV precisely, which facilitates applications in optical micro-manipulation.

The rotational Doppler effect associated with angular momentum paves a new way to the rotation speed detection. Many previous works have researched the rotational Doppler effect based on the Laguerre–Gaussian or Bessel-Gaussian beam. In this work, we propose a scheme in the spinning object detection by employing the perfect vortex. The perfect vortex is obtained by passing Bessel-Gaussian beam through a convex lens. An experiment scheme is proposed in a superposition light system. The results show that the perfect vortex has the same well performance in rotation speed detection with other optical vortex beams. Furthermore, the ring radius of the perfect vortex is convenient to change without bothering the topological charge, which is more flexible in detecting targets with different size. Especially, when the topological charges of the two components of a superposition beams are not at the same magnitude, the perfect vortex is performing better than the Laguerre–Gaussian beam. As the propagation distance increase, the perfect vortex still has a gratifying accuracy of rotation speed detection. Our findings are useful when people want to manipulate and obtain the rotation speed of the micro particles simultaneously. Moreover, this work is an important supplement in the Doppler velocimetry and maybe useful in micromanipulation and remote sensing.

This study used cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to access the distribution and position of accessory mandibular foramina in the mandibular body of Jiangxi adults, and some safety rules of operation for clinics were provided.Two hundred CBCT image subjects of Jiangxi adults were selected, which were divided into 4 groups by age with the same sex ratio. The number and position of accessory mandibular foramina in mandibular anterior teeth, premolars and molars region were described and the relationship between accessory mandibular foramina incidence and factors of age, gender and lateral were analyzed.A total of 1 123 accessory mandibular foramina were found, with a mean of 5.62±2.10 per person. The accessory mandibular foramina incidence decreased from the mesial region to the distal, and the lingual was higher than the buccal. There was no significant difference in the number of accessory mandibular foramina in male and female (P=0.195). However, the number of accessory mandibular foramina was negatively correlated with age (r(s)=-0.301). Three highest frequency regions of accessory mandibular foramina were mandibular symphysis area (98.0%), lingual alveolar area of lower medial (88.0%) and lateral incisors and inferior area of lingual premolar (55.0%).Accessory mandibular foramina are widely presented in the body of everyone's mandible, addition attention should be paid to avoid the complications causing by the damage of canal contents in the clinics.目的 应用锥形束CT（CBCT）观测江西成年人群下颌骨体副孔的分布位置，为临床安全操作提供依据。方法 选取200份江西成年人的CBCT资料，按年龄分为4组，每组男女比例相等。描述下颌骨前牙、前磨牙和磨牙各区域的副孔数目和分布位置，分析年龄、性别和左右侧因素与副孔发生率的关系。结果 发现下颌骨体副孔共 1 123个，人均（5.62±2.10）个。副孔发生率自近中区域向远中降低，舌侧副孔发生率高于颊侧，男女性副孔数目无差异（P=0.195），年龄与副孔数目呈负相关（r(s)=-0.301）。下颌骨体三处副孔高频区域为：正中联合部（98.0%），中、侧切牙牙槽突舌侧（88.0%），前磨牙区的低位（55.0%）。结论 下颌骨副孔每人均会出现，临床需留意避免损伤副孔内容物而引起并发症。.

Voice input has been tremendously improving the user experience of mobile devices by freeing our hands from typing on the small screen. Speech recognition is the key technology that powers voice input, and it is usually outsourced to the cloud for the best performance. However, the cloud might compromise users' privacy by identifying their identities by voice, learning their sensitive input content via speech recognition, and then profiling the mobile users based on the content. In this paper, we design an intermediate between users and the cloud, named VoiceMask, to sanitize users' voice data before sending it to the cloud for speech recognition. We analyze the potential privacy risks and aim to protect users' identities and sensitive input content from being disclosed to the cloud. VoiceMask adopts a carefully designed voice conversion mechanism that is resistant to several attacks. Meanwhile, it utilizes an evolution-based keyword substitution technique to sanitize the voice input content. The two sanitization phases are all performed in the resource-limited mobile device while still maintaining the usability and accuracy of the cloud-supported speech recognition service. We implement the voice sanitizer on Android systems and present extensive experimental results that validate the effectiveness and efficiency of our app. It is demonstrated that we are able to reduce the chance of a user's voice being identified from 50 people by 84% while keeping the drop of speech recognition accuracy within 14.2%.

OBJECTIVE: This study described the clinical, surgical, and radiographic findings of simple bone cysts. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted for patients diagnosed with simple bone cysts in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University from March 2005 to March 2015. Clinical, radiographic, surgical, and follow-up data were gathered. Results were statistically analyzed by central tendency and dispersion using SPSS 20.0 software. RESULTS: Eleven cases of simple bone cysts were collected, including three male and eight female patients. Ten cases (90.9%) were asymptomatic and one case developed symptoms of swelling. All of the cases had no history of trauma in the affected area, and all were solitary; ten cases (90.9%) were unilocular, and one (9.1%) was multilocular. The shape of each lesion could be assigned to four categories: cone (3 cases), round (2 cases), oval (4 cases), and irregular (2 cases). The treatment in 10 cases consisted of surgery to explore the cavity and curettage of the bone walls. During surgery, the bone cavity in seven cases (70%) was vacant, whereas serous fluid was found in two cases (20%) and serous-bloody fluid in one case (10%). Of the ten cases, three cases exhibited complete bone healing and seven cases showed new bone formation. CONCLUSION: Simple bone cysts of the jaws are usually asymptomatic and appear incidentally on routine radiographies. The prevalence is higher in the mandible and young people. The patient usually has no history of trauma, and the bone cavity of lesion is mostly vacant. Curettage of the bone walls of the lesion is suggested for simple bone cysts. Systemic clinical and radiologic follow-up are necessary to ensure successful treatment.

Dermoid cysts in the floor of the mouth with tongue fistula are unusual lesions. This study reported a case of dermoid cyst in the floor of the mouth with tongue fistula, analyzed the causes of such formation, and discussed the appropriate diagnosis and treatment methods by reviewing relevant literature.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Atomic Gyroscope has attracted an extensive attention due to its high precision, compact size and less cost at home and abroad. Among numerous techniques for obtaining the detection target, the balanced polarimetry technique is a more general method which monitors the rotation of the polarization plane of the probe beam. Due to miniaturization installation, the size effect is obvious. So there is an inevitable azimuth deviation between optical elements that leads to a bias of the weak optical signal, which extremely restricts the extraction and amplification. For the purpose of improving the detection performance, the differential detection principle of the laser polarization was analysed and a circuit method was proposed which could automatic eliminate the photodiode current bias based on the proportional-integral (P-I) feedback loop. A low-noise and high-gain preamplifier for silicon photodiode was presented. Finally, combined with the NMRG prototype system, the simulation analyses and experimental results were given, which verified the validity of this method.

A new oil suspension containing 0.10% ivermectin (IVM) and 15% praziquantel (PZQ) (Tivm+pzq) for intramuscular injection was developed for sheep, and its pharmacokinetics was investigated in sheep. The quality of the new product met the technical standards set by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. In pharmacokinetics, the commercially available single-component products approved by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and widely used in the livestock industry in China were selected as reference products (Rivm and Rpzq). The results showed that all of the IVM pharmacokinetic parameters of Tivm+pzq were similar to those of the reference. However, after adminstration of Tivm+pzq, mean residence time (MRT) and plasma elimination half-life (t1/2z) were 20.36h and 11.65h, which were 2.61 and 3.22 times longer than those of Rpzq (7.81h and 3.62h). In summary, the MRT and t1/2z of PZQ in Tivm+pzq were prolonged and IVM pharmacokinetic parameters were similar to commercial product, therefore the new injection may be an alternative choice for sheep to control parasites sensitive to IVM and PZQ.

Sialolithiasis is a common disease of the salivary gland. This disease mainly involves the major salivary gland. Sialolithiasis of the minor salivary gland is rare. A case of sialolithiasis of the upper lip was reported, and relevant literature was reviewed in this paper.

For further meet increasing tightening standard of exhaust emission, accurate transient air/fuel ratio control is the key technology for modern automotive gasoline engine. Transient fuel film model has been established for four-stroke gasoline engine, and the fuel film model parameter identification been studied with least squares method. The fuel film model parameters have been gained on the basis of mathematical calculation and air/fuel ratio model has been built. The fuel film compensation controller was designed and simulation was carried out. Comparison was made between the air/fuel ratio simulation results and the air/fuel ratio Collected in the bench experiment in transient states. Results showed that air/fuel ratio model built and fuel film model parameters identified have a high accuracy, and feed forward compensation controller can meet the practical air/fuel ratio control requirements during transient condition.