Search

According to Paul Gilbert compassion can be defined as “a sensitivity to suffering in self and others with a commitment to try to alleviate and prevent it” (p.1, Gilbert et al., 2017). Empirical evidence comes from numerous studies which suggest that the cultivation of compassion is associated with various positive effects on physical and mental health, as well as with overall life satisfaction and strengthened social relationships (e.g., Gilbert et al., 2017; Kirby, 2017; MacBeth & Gumley, 2012; Neff, 2003). In this study, we will translate and validate a German-language version of the Compassionate Engagement and Actions Scales (CEAS). The scales have been widely used in a variety of contexts, generally showing good psychometric properties (e.g., Davalos-Batallas et al., 2020; Hsieh et al., 2019; Steindl et al., 2019). With the translation and validation of a German version, we hope to further advance the understanding of the mechanisms and effectiveness of compassion, e.g. in compassion-based interventions and psychotherapy research in the German population.

In 2015 Europe’s refugee protection crisis triggered the effective collapse of the world’s most complex regional framework for asylum. A development both unexpected and unexplained by the hierarchical model of European asylum law that tends to dominate the scholarly field. The abandonment among member states of core obligations under international and EU law and the principles of solidarity and good faith is central to this crisis. This dynamic has been in the making since the accession process when EU membership was offered in exchange for transposing international obligations through the EU asylum acquis, collectivizing external border control and shifting refugee ‘responsibility’ to new member states with minimal standards for refugee protection and weak enforcement mechanisms. Yet, the critical feature of this asylum crisis is its development into a European constitutional crisis, impacting freedom of movement, sincere co-operation, democracy, and the rule of law. A hierarchical model of law offers only a partial explanation of this interplay between refugee protection and European governance. A turn to the methodological debates in international law urges the repositioning of the lens of refugee legal scholarship, offering insights into the evolution towards crisis by looking at law from below against the backdrop of law in history, subregional law-making, and shifting power constellations. This process suggests that refugee law scholarship could benefit from widening its methodological canon by visiting its parent field of public international law.

12 páginas The European Union has proved to be ineffective in covering the needs of millions of people who seek asylum, while trying to satisfy the security claims of the Member States. The EU institutions have decided to reform the Common European Asylum System to coordinate the procedures, requirements, and conditions for acceptance, aiming to harmonise the national legislative frameworks. One of the most notorious aspects is the extension of the integration measures and conditions to asylum seekers. Nonetheless, the new rules still fail to offer a solution for those asylum requests that are going to be denied after long waiting periods even if the applicants have benefited from the integration programs. In order to avoid such legal implications for the long-term asylum seekers, this article encourages the EU institutions to adopt an ultimate solution, even if a bit creative, that would be coherent with the goals of the CEAS reforms. Medellín

La presente investigación tiene por objeto realizar un análisis de la gestión de la crisis migratoria del Mediterráneo en el año 2015 por parte de la Unión Europea, momento en el que llegan al territorio comunitario más de un millón de personas solicitantes de asilo. Tras un primer recorrido histórico y legislativo para conocer el proceso de construcción del Sistema Europeo Común de Asilo, se abordará el enfoque hotspots presentado por la Unión Europea con el fin de hacer frente a la emergencia humanitaria. Desde un enfoque crítico se analizará cuál ha sido la afectación de las propuestas legislativas sobre los derechos de los migrantes, así como se intentará aportar una visión sobre las consecuencias sociales de esta crisis migratoria. This current thesis has the aim of analyzing the governance of the Mediterranean crisis in 2015 by the European Unión, the moment in which more than a million people arrived at the community territory seeking asylum. After a first historical and legislative review of the topic, in order to know well the construction and integration of the Common European Asylum System, the hotspots approach will be evaluated, it was presented by the European Unión with the purpose of tackle the humanitarian emergency. It will be analyzed, from a critical approach, how the different legislative proposals have affected the migrants’ rights, as well as this thesis will attempt to provide a view about the social consequences of this migratory crisis. Máster Oficial en Estudios Avanzados en Derechos Humanos Presidente: Carlos Fernández Liesa.- Secretaria: Silvina Ribotta

The debate regarding the extent of EU Member States competences in immigrant integration policies was paused with the Treaty of Lisbon. European institutions took an active role in integration but did not mandate a communal approach. Consequently, each Member State instigated its own policies, which led to a wide diversity of regulations. The policy adopted by Spain stands out because of its particular approach to integration policies, which in this case are applicable to regular and irregular immigrants. A remarkable feature of the migration law in Spain is that it contains a regularisation mechanism for irregular immigrants that does not require them to have a visa in order to obtain the status of temporary residency. This mechanism is known as arraigo social (social ties). In these cases, access to regularity depends on the level of social integration that the immigrant can prove to have achieved. This article analyses the statistics on the use of this mechanism in Spain and discusses whether it could offer a path to asylum seekers looking for an official response after several years of waiting in the EU. El debate sobre el alcance de las competencias de los Estados miembros de la UE sobre políticas de integración de inmigrantes llegó a su fin con el Tratado de Lisboa. Las instituciones europeas adoptaron un papel activo en integración pero sin imponer un enfoque comunitario. Cada país construyó así sus propias políticas, lo que derivó en una amplia diversidad de regulaciones entre las que destaca el modelo seguido en España por su enfoque particular del concepto de integración, aplicable aquí tanto a inmigrantes en situación regular como irregular. Como consecuencia directa de ello, una característica propia de la ley migratoria española es que contiene un mecanismo de regularización dirigido a los inmigrantes en situación administrativa irregular que no requiere ningún tipo de visado y por el que pueden acceder a un permiso de residencia temporal. Este mecanismo se conoce como arraigo social. En estos supuestos, el acceso a la regularidad depende fundamentalmente del nivel de integración social que el inmigrante demuestre haber alcanzado. Este artículo revisa las estadísticas de uso de este mecanismo de regularización en España y analiza si podría constituir una vía legal válida para los solicitantes de asilo que, tras varios años de espera en la Unión Europea, todavía no han recibido una resolución oficial.

Background SLCO2A1 was recently reported to cause nonspecific ulcers at small bowel, it was named as chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1 (CEAS). It was rarely reported beyond the Japanese population. Case presentation A 4-year-5-month old girl presented with intractable anemia since 1-year-3-month. Her stool occult blood test was positive and the result of esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy were normal. She was considered as obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. The magnetic resonance enterography and ultrasound of small intestinal revealed segmental thickening of small bowel. The capsule endoscopy detected ulcers, erosion and slightly stenosis near the site of junction of jejunum and ileum. She was considered chronic non-specific multiple ulcers of the small intestine and was advised to have whole exon sequencing. She was treated with exclusive enteral nutrition and iron supplement for two months. However, she was not responsive to this treatment, then she had three doses of infliximab. At the same time, the next-generation sequencing of this patient revealed two novel compound heterozygous mutations in SLCO2A1. She was diagnosed with CEAS and was treated with oral mercaptopurine. Her hemoglobin level was stable and the serum albumin level was slightly decreased during the follow up. Conclusion CEAS may present as nonspecific small bowel ulcers, and misinterpret as small bowel Crohn’s disease. Genetic tests may help with the precise diagnosis of small bowel ulcers.

Nuestra sociedad ha ido evolucionando e implementando las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) y que, en consecuencia, ha provocado una brecha digital en los grupos más vulnerables. Concretamente, la comunidad gitana ha notado ese retroceso social en diferentes ámbitos y, en particular, afecta a las mujeres gitanas jóvenes y de mediana edad, debido al género y el difícil acceso a las TIC. Por ello, se realiza un proyecto dirigido a las mujeres gitanas entre 25 y 40 años en el Centro de Acción Social (CEAS) Arturo Eyries de Valladolid que pretende fomentar la alfabetización digital para adquirir la competencia digital en el uso de TIC teniendo en cuenta el acceso del que dispongan las mujeres y de una manera transversal, tratar de buscar su autonomía y empoderamiento. Our society has been developing and implementing Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and, consequently, it has caused a digital divide in the most vulnerable groups. In particular, the Roma community has noticed this social decline in different areas and especially affects young and middle-aged Roma women, due to gender and difficult access to ICT. For this reason, a project is proposed to Roma women between the ages of 25 and 40 is carried out at the Arturo Eyries Social Work Center in Valladolid, which aims to promote digital literacy through basic ICT-related skills to which they have access. and, in a more transversal way, seeks to promote autonomy and empowerment. Grado en Educación Social

Migrant crisis and large number of asilym seekers created pressure to re-form the Common European asylum System (CEaS). in 2016 the European Commission proposed a reform package that should be adopted according to ordinary legislative procedure. The goal of this article is to analyse the role of EU institutions, and especially European Parliament, in the process of adop-tion of Dublin IV, the centerpeice of CEaS reform package. The main thesis is that European Parliament, although supportive of CEaS reform, remains a secondary actor compared to EU member states which are unable to achieve an agreement on the most important elements of the reform. Recent elec-tions for the European Parliament raise the issue whether the Parliament's stance would be changed, but another question is even more important -what would be, having in mind member states positions, the fate of the pro-posed reform package. Migrantska kriza koja je zahvatila Evropsku uniju (EU) poslednjih godina, sa velikim brojem tražilaca azila u zemljama članicama, nametnula je neophodnost promene zajedničkog evropskog sistema azila. Reforma predložena 2016. godine obuhvata paket legislativnih predloga koji treba da budu usvojeni po redovnoj zakonodavnoj proceduri. Cilj ovog rada je da analizira ulogu institucija EU, a posebno Evropskog parlamenta, u dosadašnjem toku usvajanja Dablina IV kao ključnog dela predloženog reformskog paketa, kao i da pokuša da predvidi njegov stav u daljem procesu. Osnovna teza rada je da Evropski parlament, iako jedan od promotera promene zajedničkog evropskog sistema azila, ostaje sekundaran akter u odnosu na zemlje članice koje u Savetu EU ne uspevaju da postignu dogovor o najvažnijim elementima reforme. Visoko politizovano pitanje azila i migracija je u prethodnom sazivu Evropskog parlamenta u najvećoj meri narušilo koheziju EPP-a, ali i pokazalo da su poslanici iz zemalja koje imaju najviše primedbi na predložene reforme glasali češće u skladu sa nacionalnim prioritetima nego sa politikom partijske grupe. Nedavno održani izbori za Evropski parlament otvaraju dilemu da li će stav Parlamenta biti promenjen, ali se postavlja i drugo pitanje - kakva će, uzimajući u obzir stavove zemalja članica, biti sudbina predloženih reformi.

ADECUACIÓN DE MEDIDAS TERAPÉUTICAS (AMT) - GUÍA DE ÉTICA CLÍNICA Sí

Resistance to 5-Fluoruracil (5-FU) has been linked to elevated expression of the main target, thymidylate synthase (TYMS), which catalyses the de novo pathway for production of deoxythymidine monophosphate. The potent oncogenic forkhead box transcription factor, FOXM1 is is regulated by E2F1 which also controls TYMS. This study reveals a significant role of FOXM1 in 5-FU resistance. Overexpression and knock-down studies of FOXM1 in colon cancer cells suggest the importance of FOXM1 in TYMS regulation. ChIP and global ChIP-seq data also confirms that FOXM1 can also potentially regulate other 5-FU targets, such as TYMS, thymidine kinase 1 (TK-1) and thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP). In human colorectal cancer tissue specimens, a strong correlation of FOXM1 and TYMS staining was observed. Elevated FOXM1 and TYMS expression was also observed in acquired 5-FU resistant colon cancer cells (HCT116 5-FU Res). A synergistic effect was observed following treatment of CRC cells with an inhibitor of FOXM1, thiostrepton, in combination with 5-FU. The combination treatment decreased colony formation and migration, and induced cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, and apoptosis in CRC cell lines. In summary, this research demonstrated that FOXM1 plays a pivotal role in 5-FU resistance at least partially through the regulation of TYMS.

Sensitive absorption techniques using optical cavities (such as CEAS or ICOS) generally need the spectrometer response to be calibrated for quantitative measurements. Most calibrations are based on the instrument response to a known, steady state absorption. Such calibrations often have drawbacks in terms of cost, complexity, or convenience, especially for field measurements. In this paper, we show that the relationship between the integrated absorption and a known amount of absorber provides an alternative calibration strategy that yields a highly linear calibration curve and has a low uncertainty. This method is straightforward to implement and offers a practical alternative to other calibration strategies.

This article presents design issues of high-sensitive laser absorption spectroscopy systems for nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) detection. Examples of our systems and their investigation results are also described. The constructed systems use one of the most sensitive methods, cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS). They operate at different wavelength ranges using a blue--violet laser diode (410 nm) as well as quantum cascade lasers (5.27 µm and 4.53 µm). Each of them is configured as a one or two channel measurement device using, e.g., time division multiplexing and averaging. During the testing procedure, the main performance features such as detection limits and measurements uncertainties have been determined. The obtained results are 1 ppb NO(2), 75 ppb NO and 45 ppb N(2)O. For all systems, the uncertainty of concentration measurements does not exceed a value of 13%. Some experiments with explosives are also discussed. A setup equipped with a concentrator of explosives vapours was used. The detection method is based either on the reaction of the sensors to the nitrogen oxides directly emitted by the explosives or on the reaction to the nitrogen oxides produced during thermal decomposition of explosive vapours. For TNT, PETN, RDX and HMX a detection limit better than 1 ng has been achieved.

The paper presents one of the laser absorption spectroscopy techniques as an effective tool for sensitive analysis of trace gas species in human breath. Characterization of nitric oxide, carbonyl sulphide and ethane, and the selection of their absorption lines are described. Experiments with some biomarkers showed that detection of pathogenic changes at the molecular level is possible using this technique. Thanks to cavity enhanced spectroscopy application, detection limits at the ppb-level and short measurements time (&lt, 3 s) were achieved. Absorption lines of reference samples of the selected volatile biomarkers were probed using a distributed feedback quantum cascade laser and a tunable laser system consisting of an optical parametric oscillator and difference frequency generator. Setup using the first source provided a detection limit of 30 ppb for nitric oxide and 250 ppb for carbonyl sulphide. During experiments employing a second laser, detection limits of 0.9 ppb and 0.3 ppb were obtained for carbonyl sulphide and ethane, respectively. The conducted experiments show that this type of diagnosis would significantly increase chances for effective therapy of some diseases. Additionally, it offers non-invasive and real time measurements, high sensitivity and selectivity as well as minimizing discomfort for patients. For that reason, such sensors can be used in screening for early detection of serious diseases.

Breath analysis, a promising new field of medicine and medical instrumentation, potentially offers noninvasive, real-time, and point-of-care (POC) disease diagnostics and metabolic status monitoring. Numerous breath biomarkers have been detected and quantified so far by using the GC-MS technique. Recent advances in laser spectroscopic techniques and laser sources have driven breath analysis to new heights, moving from laboratory research to commercial reality. Laser spectroscopic detection techniques not only have high-sensitivity and high-selectivity, as equivalently offered by the MS-based techniques, but also have the advantageous features of near real-time response, low instrument costs, and POC function. Of the approximately 35 established breath biomarkers, such as acetone, ammonia, carbon dioxide, ethane, methane, and nitric oxide, 14 species in exhaled human breath have been analyzed by high-sensitivity laser spectroscopic techniques, namely, tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS), cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS), integrated cavity output spectroscopy (ICOS), cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS), cavity leak-out spectroscopy (CALOS), photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS), quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS), and optical frequency comb cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (OFC-CEAS). Spectral fingerprints of the measured biomarkers span from the UV to the mid-IR spectral regions and the detection limits achieved by the laser techniques range from parts per million to parts per billion levels. Sensors using the laser spectroscopic techniques for a few breath biomarkers, e.g., carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, etc. are commercially available. This review presents an update on the latest developments in laser-based breath analysis.

A fly-over noise test with an Airbus A319 was conducted jointly by DLR and Lufthansa with support from Airbus and Snecma. The signals of a large array of 238 electret microphones were recorded. In a first test, the noise emission of each engine was studied by running the other engine with flight-idle power. De-dopplerised narrow-band frequency spectra averaged over a large number of microphones were used. Alternatively, the noise emission from the inlet of each engine was evaluated with both engines at take-off power with the aid of a phased microphone array focused on each moving engine inlet. The results show as expected that buzz-saw noise is mainly radiated in the forward arc. The peaks at multiples of the shaft frequency can easily be identified in the de-dopplerised narrow-band spectra. The directivity of a number of frequency components is evaluated. The characteristics of buzz-saw noise are seen to vary between individual engines and even, for the same engine, between different fly-overs. The resulting directivities also indicate that mode scattering has a large influence on the radiated buzz-saw noise field.

elds into their mode constituents is applied to two laboratory scale experimental setups. The broadband mode analysis technique is based on spectral coherences. In both cases, incoherent broadband sound elds were excited by means of a loudspeaker array. The results derived from the basic setup S1 were validated successfully with analytical ndings. The second setup S2 mimics the fundamental arrangement in an aero-engine exhaust, consisting of a broadband sound source (an annular combustor ring) and a turbomachinery stage (the LP turbine). In between, microphone arrays are arranged to acquire the broadband sound elds. Sample results of setup S2 are presented analyzed by means of the new technique. The experimental outcome proves the usefulness of the analysis technique to help interpreting and understanding broadband sound propagation in turbomachinery ow ducts.