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Celtis toka, the only species of the genus Celtis (family Cannabaceae) encountered in the flora of Burkina Faso, is critically endangered in the country. To engage the public for the future conservation and domestication of the species, knowledge of the factors threatening Celtis toka survival is necessary. Thus, the study objective was to identify the perceptions of local people concerning the current state and conservation strategies of Celtis toka in Burkina Faso. To investigate potential solutions to the threats posed to Celtis toka, we randomly surveyed 405 consenting participants using a selected semi-structured interview. Moreover, field observations were performed to assess the threat drivers cited by local people of the Sudanian and Sudano-Sahelian climatic zones. Descriptive analyses (relative frequency and fidelity level) and generalized linear models (GLMs) were used to highlight the impact of sociodemographic factors and climate zones on the current state, threat drivers, and potential solutions. The chi-square test was used to assess whether to plant C. toka. GLM analyses revealed that local knowledge about the current state, threat factors and potential solution to the threat as related to natural stand varied significantly according to ethnolinguistic group (P < 0.000), sex (P = 0.01) and age (P = 0.01). Rural people had varying perceptions of the current state of C. toka. Sixty-eight percent reported a decrease in population, ten percent reported scarcity, and five percent reported extinction. The views of local people were that the factors affecting C. toka were pruning (25%), climate change (14%), deforestation (10%), ageing (10%), debarking (9%), and agriculture (7%). Potential solutions included planting (45%), conservation of C. toka and its habitat (27%), sustainable use of Celtis toka (14%), promotion of education and awareness about Celtis toka (10%) and tree/crop association (5%). The study concluded that the ethnobotanical knowledge of Celtis toka may play an important role in its conservation and domestication in Burkina Faso. Furthermore, its incorporation into reforestation and restoration programs is critical to species survival.

Celtis bifida Leroy (1948: 7). Type: — AFRICA. Madagascar, without date, fl., Grève 212 (lectotype, designated here, P barcode 00541224!; isolectotypes P barcode 00541222!, P barcode 00541223!, P barcode 02436212!). Syntypes: —AFRICA. “Vallée du Fiheranana, sur calcaires éocènes S-W”, 1932, fl., J.M.H.A. Perrier de la Bâthie 16652 (syntypes K barcode 000243043!, P barcode 00562179!, P barcode 00562180!, P barcode 00562181!). Nomenclatural notes: —When describing C. bifida, Leroy (1948) cited the syntypes J.M.H.A.Perrier de la Bâthie 16652 and Grevé 212 without specifying the herbarium in which they were conserved. Sattarian et al. (2006) designated the Grevé 212 sample in P as a “ holotype ”. This designation cannot be recognized as a holotype, as Leroy (1948) did not specify the type and cited material from more than one gathering. The proposal by Sattarian et al. (2006) also cannot be considered as effective lectotypification (ICN Art. 7.11). We designate the specimen at Herb. P with barcode 00541224 as the lectotype (ICN Art. 9.3), because in comparison with the other specimens, this specimen has the highest number of perfect flowers with bifid stigmatic lobes, which is the main feature used by Leroy (1948) to characterize the species. Taxonomic notes: —Accepted species (Sattarian et al. 2006).

Celtis brieyi De Wildeman (1920: 111). Type: — AFRICA. Congo Kinshasa, Region of Ganda-Sundi, 1911, fl., J. Briey 152 [BR: First-step lectotype, designated by Polhill in Kew Bull. 19(1): 140 (1964), as ‘holotype’. Second-step lectotype designated here, BR barcode 0000008968883!; isolectotypes BR barcode 0000008968234!, BR barcode 0000008968562!, BR barcode 0000008969217!]. Nomenclatural notes: —When describing C. brieyi, De Wildeman (1920) cited J. Briey 152 without specifying the herbarium in which specimens were conserved. Polhill (1964) reported that the “ holotype ” is in BR. By citing the herbarium Polhill (1964) performed an inadvertent lectotypification. Four samples are located in BR. Considering that in BR there are four samples and that Polhill (1964) did not specify the type, and that the citation by Sattarian et al. (2006) cannot be recognized as effective lectotypification (ICN Art. 7.11), we propose a second lectotypification step (ICN Art. 9.17) and designate the specimen at Herb. BR with barcode 0000008968883 as lectotype (ICN Art. 9.3), since this specimen has leaves and flowers, these being the characteristics used by De Wildeman (1920) to differentiate C. brieyi from C. adolfi-friderici. Taxonomic notes: —Synonym of C. tessmannii (Sattarian et al. 2006).

Celtis franksiae Brown (1920: 517). Type: — AFRICA. South Africa, Near Durban, 12 December 1910, fl. and fr., M. Franks 11726 (lectotype, designated here, K barcode 000243055!; isolectotypes GRA barcode 0000806!, K barcode 000243057!, LISC barcode 003326!, NH barcode 0012813-1!, NH barcode 0012813-2!, PRE barcode 0361736-0!, PRE barcode 0363270-0!). Nomenclatural notes: —When describing C. franksiae, Brown (1920) cited “Eastern Region: Natal; near Durban, Miss Franks in Herb. Wood, 11726!”. Polhill (1964) and Sattarian et al. (2006) mentioned that the “ holotype ” is attributed to M. Wood and that the specimen is in K. Analyzing the protologue it is clear that the collection was made by Franks and not by Wood. A total of eight samples with the Herbaria Natalensi label and the number 11726 were located. Analyzing the labels of these specimens, we found that samples GRA0000806 and PRE 0363270-0 do not have a date of collection and/or collector; sample K000243055 has a label with collector as J.M. Wood 11726 and the date January 23, 1911; while samples K barcode 000243057, LISC barcode 003326, NH barcode 0012813-1, NH barcode 0012813-2, PRE barcode 0361736-0 have the collector M. Franks 11726, the mention of J.M. Wood 11726, and the date December 12, 1910. To understand this situation, we contacted the curators of the herbaria that have these specimens [i.e., Alan Paton and Saba Rokni (K), Tony Dold (GRA), Maria Cristina Duarte (LISC), Yashica Singh (NH), Ramagwai Sebola (PRE)]. After discussion, we concluded that even though the samples have different dates, they all were collected by M. Franks and should be considered original materials (ICN Art. 9.4). Regarding the citation of J. Wood 11726, curator Mkhipheni Ngwenya (NH) informed us that Wood added his name and collection number to samples that were brought to the herbarium that did not already have a collector or collection number, and that probably the date of 23 January 1911 was when the specimen was received at the herbarium. Based on this information, we designate the specimen at Herb. K with barcode 000243055 as lectotype (ICN Art. 9.3), as this specimen was examined by Brown at Kew. Taxonomic notes: —Synonym of C. mildbraedii (Sattarian et al. 2006).

Celtis henriquesii Engler (1900: 22). Type: — AFRICA. Angola, October 1859, fl., F.M.J. Welwitsch 6308 [BM, K: First-step lectotype, designated by Polhill in Kew Bull. 19(1): 140 (1964), as ‘isolectotypes’. Second-step lectotype designated here, BM barcode 000757297!; isolectotypes K (missing material), LISU barcode 221525!, P barcode 00253785!]. Syntypes: —AFRICA. Angola, December 1898, fl., Dekindt 1049 (syntypes P barcode 00253787!, P barcode 00253788!, P barcode 00253789!); AFRICA. Angola, Bumbo, October 1859, fl. and fr., F.M.J. Welwitsch 6286 (syntypes K barcode 000243039!, LISU barcode 221527!, LISU barcode 221528!, P barcode 00253786!); AFRICA. Angola, Bumbo, October 1859, fl. and fr., F.M.J. Welwitsch 6307 (syntypes LISU barcode 221526!, P barcode 00253784!). Nomenclatural notes: —When describing C. henriquesii, Engler (1900) cited the syntypes Dekindt 1049, Welwitsch 6307, 6308, and 6286 without indicating the herbarium of deposit. Pohlhill (1964) performs a first lectotypification step by indicating that specimen “Welwitsch 6308” is deposited in BM and K. Considering that Pohlhill (1964) did not choose the lectotype, we propose a second lectotypification step (ICN Art. 9.17) and designate the BM specimen barcode 000757297 as lectotype (ICN Art. 9.3), since the K specimen was not located. Taxonomic notes: —Synonym of C. africana (Sattarian et al. 2006).

Celtis kraussiana Bernh. in Krauss (1845: 87). Type: — AFRICA. South Africa, 1842, fl., C.F.F. Krauss 1776 (lectotype, designated here, G barcode 00164451!; isolectotypes FI barcode 011714!, MPU barcode 017374!, TUB barcode 000008!, TUB barcode 000009!). Nomenclatural notes: —When describing C. kraussiana, Bernhard (in Krauss 1845) cited Krauss 1776 without indicating the herbarium in which specimens were conserved. Considering that Krauss (1845) did not specify a holotype, we designate the specimen in Herb. G with barcode 00164451 as the lectotype (ICN Art. 9.3), because this material was analyzed by Krauss and because it has the same characteristics mentioned in the protologue. Taxonomic notes: —Synonym of C. toka (Sattarian et al. 2006).

Celtis guineensis Schumacher & Thonning (1827: 160). Type: — AFRICA. Gana, without date, fl., P. Thonning s.n. [C: First-step lectotype, designated by Wilmot-Dear in Bothalia 29(2): 241 (1999), as ‘isotype’. Second-step lectotype designated here, C barcode 10003510!; isolectotypes C barcode 10003506!, C barcode 10003507!, C barcode 10003508!, C barcode 10003509!, C barcode 10003510!, C barcode 10003511!, C barcode 10003512!]. Nomenclatural notes: —When describing C. guineensis, Schumacher & Thonning (1827) did not cite the type. Wilmot-Dear (1999) performed an inadvertent lectotypification (first step of lectotypification) by indicating that the Thonning s.n. specimen is deposited in herbarium C. A year later, St-Laurent (2000: 409–410) designated this same specimen as a lectotype. By consulting the C herbarium database, we located seven specimens of Thonning s.n. Considering that St-Laurent (2000: 409–410) did not specify the specimen from C that should be recognized as a lectotype, we perform a second lectotypification step (ICN Art. 9.17) and designate the specimen at Herb. C with barcode 10003510 as lectotype (ICN Art. 9.3), because this specimen has more leaves and flowers compared to the other specimens of the C herbarium. Taxonomic notes: —Synonym of Trema guineensis (Schumach. & Thonn.) Ficalho (1884: 259) (Sattarian et al. 2006).

Celtis ituriensis De Wildeman (1921: B4). Type: — AFRICA. Congo, Penghe, 28 January 1914, fl., J. Bequaert 2153 [BR: First-step lectotype, designated by Polhill in Kew Bull. 19(1): 143 (1964), as ‘holotype’. Second-step lectotype designated here, BR barcode 0000008968227!; isolectotypes BR barcode 0000008968555!, BR barcode 0000008969170!]. Nomenclatural notes: —When describing C. ituriensis, De Wildeman (1921) cited the specimen J. Bequaert 2153, but did not indicate the herbarium of deposit. By citing the deposit herbarium (BR) Polhill (1964) performs the first lectotypification step. Based on this scenario, we perform a second lectotypification step (ICN Art. 9.17) and designate the specimen at Herb. BR with barcode 0000008968227! as lectotype, because this specimen has more leaves and flowers compared to the other specimens of the BR herbarium. Taxonomic notes: —Synonym of Trema guineensis (Sattarian et al. 2006).

Celtis zenkeri Engler (1900: 22). Type: — AFRICA. Cameroon, Jaunde Station. Urwald. Alt.: 800 m., 23 June 1894, fr., G.A. Zenker & A. Staudt 9 (lectotype, designated here, B barcode 10 0057935!; isolectotypes K barcode 000442481!, P barcode 00253890!). Nomenclatural notes: —Considering that Engler (1900) cited Zenker & Staudt 9 when describing C. zenkeri, but did not indicate the herbarium in which specimens are conserved, we designate the specimen in Herb. B with barcode 10 0057935 as lectotype (ICN Art. 9.3), as this is the only specimen that has fruits, as described by Engler (1900). Taxonomic notes: —Accepted species (Sattarian et al. 2006)., Published as part of Zamengo, Henrique Borges, Chamorro, Debora, Gaglioti, André Luiz & Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso, 2023, Nomenclatural revision of the names of Celtis (Cannabaceae) described for Africa, and lectotypification of one Asian name, pp. 205-223 in Phytotaxa 603 (3) on page 215, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8166665, {"references":["Engler, H. G. A. (1900) V. Diagnosen neuer Arten. In: Engler, A. (ed.) Notizblatt des K ˆ niglichen Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin 3: 20 - 24. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 28790769 # page / 32 / mode / 1 up]","Sattarian, A., Van der Maesen, L. J. G. & Wieringa, J. J. (2006) Chapter 7: Revision of African Celtis (Celtidaceae). In: Sattarian, A. Contribution to the biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with special emphasis on the African species. Ph. D. thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, pp. 65 - 92."]}

Sparrea gomphophylla (Baker) X.G.Fu & T.S.Yi in Fu et al. (2022: 17). Basionym:— Celtis gomphophylla Baker (1887: 521). Type: — AFRICA. Madagascar, Central Madagascar, without date, fr., R. Baron 3697 (lectotype, designated here, K barcode 000243044!; isolectotypes BM barcode 000757310!, P barcode 00562030!, P barcode 00562031!). Nomenclatural notes: —When describing C. gomphophylla, Baker (1887) cited Baron 3697 without specifying the herbarium in which specimens were conserved. Sattarian et al. (2006) reported that the “ holotype ” was in K and that the “isotypes” were in BR and P. Four samples of Baron 3697 were located. Considering that Baker (1887) did not indicate the herbarium, and that the citation of “ holotype ” by Sattarian et al. (2006) cannot be considered effective lectotypification (ICN Art. 7.11), we propose that K barcode 000243044 be recognized as a lectotype (ICN Art. 9.3), since this specimen has a greater number of fruits. Taxonomic notes:— Accepted species (Fu et al. 2022).

Celtis mauritiana Planchon (1848: 307). Type: — AFRICA. Mauritius island, without date, fr., P. Commerson 710 (lectotype, designated here, P barcode 00562127!; isolectotype K barcode 000243045!). Nomenclatural notes: —When describing C. mauritiana, Planchon (1848) cited a Commerson s.n. gathering with specimens deposited in the herbaria of Hooker (located in K) and Lessert (located in P). Considering that there are two samples and that Planchon did not specify a holotype, we designate the specimen at Herb. P with barcode 00562127 as lectotype (ICN Art. 9.3), because it has a greater number of leaves than K barcode 000243045. In addition, we note that the specimen in P has the collector number. Considering that these two specimens were collected by the same person, we suggest that the specimen in Herb. K should also be identified by the collector number 710. Taxonomic notes: —Synonym of C. wightii (Sattarian et al. 2006).

Celtis toka (Forssk.) Hepper & Wood (1983: 86). Basionym:— Ficus toka Forsskål (1775: 219). Type: —AFRICA. Cameroun, Km 27 of road Garoua-Rey Bouba, E. of Pitowa, N. of Mayo Xébi, a tributary of the Bénoué R. Alt. 200 m, Open woodland, 28 January 1966, fl., A.J.M. Leeuwenberg 7603 (neotype, designated here, WAG barcode 1856217!; isoneotypes P barcode 00551067!, P barcode 00253583!, WAG barcode 1856218!, L barcode 1585168!). Nomenclatural notes: —Since Forsskål (1775) and Hepper & Wood (1983) did not designate a type and no original material has been traced, we designate the specimen at Herb. WAG with barcode 1856217 as neotype of the name C. toka (ICN Art. 9.8). We choose this material, because the specimen has leaves, and leaf characters were solely used by Forsskål (1775) to describe the species. Taxonomic notes: —Accepted species (Sattarian et al. 2006).

Celtis prantlii Priemer ex Engler (1900: 23). Type: — AFRICA. “ Insula St. Thomé, ad Angolares” [currently S„o Tomé Island, S „o Jo„o dos Angolares], January 1886, fr., F. Quintas 144 (lectotype B barcode 10 0057876!). Lectotype designated by Taylor in Cat. Vasc. Pl. S. Tome 1: 302 (1944). Syntypes: —AFRICA. Nigeria, West Lagos, without date, fl., J.W. Rowland s.n. (syntypes P barcode 00253704!, P barcode 00253705!); AFRICA. “Princes Island” [currently S„o Tomé and Principe islands], 1861, fl., G. Mann 1113 (syntypes B barcode 10 0057875!, K barcode 000442485!, P barcode 00253734!); AFRICA. Angola, September 1858, fr., F.M.J. Welwitsch 6302 (syntypes BM barcode 000757294!, LISU barcode 221542! P barcode 00253747!); AFRICA. “Congogebiet” [currently Congo], 6 October 1895, fl., A. Dewèvre 429 [Engler (1900) cited the number 929, but this is a clerical error] (syntypes BR barcode 0000008968517!, BR barcode 0000008968845!); AFRICA. “bei Bingila” [currently Democratic Republic of the Congo], 1895, fr., P. Dupuis s.n. (syntype BR barcode 0000008971111!). Taxonomic notes: —Accepted species (Sattarian et al. 2006). Celtis soyauxii Engler (1900: 23). Type: —AFRICA. “Loango, Tschintschocho, im Bergwald Nuzala” [currently Congo Republic], February 1876, fr., H. Soyaux 202 (lectotype K barcode 000442482!). Lectotype designated by Sattarian et al. (2006: 90) in Contribution to the biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with special emphasis on the African species: Chapter 7, Revision of Africa Celtis. Syntypes: —AFRICA. Angola, without date, F. Welwitsch 6284 (syntype not found); AFRICA. Angola, without date, F. Welwitsch 6285 (syntype P barcode 00253869!); AFRICA. Angola, without date, fl., F. Welwitsch 6298 (syntype P barcode 00253536!). Nomenclatural notes: —University theses are only considered effectively published for the purposes of botanical nomenclature under certain circumstances (ICN Art. 30.9). The thesis by Sattarian et al. (2006) is effectively published, because it includes an International Standard Book Number (ICN Art. 30, Note 3) and thus the lectotypification proposed therein for C. soyauxii is effective. Taxonomic notes: —Synonym of C. zenkeri (Sattarian et al. 2006)., Published as part of Zamengo, Henrique Borges, Chamorro, Debora, Gaglioti, André Luiz & Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso, 2023, Nomenclatural revision of the names of Celtis (Cannabaceae) described for Africa, and lectotypification of one Asian name, pp. 205-223 in Phytotaxa 603 (3) on pages 216-217, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8166665, {"references":["Engler, H. G. A. (1900) V. Diagnosen neuer Arten. In: Engler, A. (ed.) Notizblatt des K ˆ niglichen Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin 3: 20 - 24. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 28790769 # page / 32 / mode / 1 up]","Sattarian, A., Van der Maesen, L. J. G. & Wieringa, J. J. (2006) Chapter 7: Revision of African Celtis (Celtidaceae). In: Sattarian, A. Contribution to the biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with special emphasis on the African species. Ph. D. thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, pp. 65 - 92."]}

Sponia glomerata Hochst. in Krauss (1845: 87). Synonym:— Celtis glomerata in sched., nom. nud. Type: — AFRICA. South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, “In sylvis primitivis terrae Natalensis”, Octubre 1839, C.F.F. Krauss 354 [K: First-step lectotype, designated by Polhill in Kew Bull. 19(1): 143 (1964), as ‘isotype’. Second-step lectotype designated here, K barcode 000243075!; isolectotypes B†, K barcode 000243074!, MO barcode 013773!, MO barcode 204190!, TUB barcode 000005!, TUB barcode 000006!, TUB barcode 000007!). Nomenclatural notes: —When describing Sponia glomerata, Hochstetter (1845) cited C.F.F. Krauss 354, but did not specify the herbarium of deposit. Pohlhill (1964) reported that the isotype is deposited in K. Wilmot-Dear (1999) cited that the holotype of C. glomerata was deposited in B. When we queried the database of B, no specimen was located. According to the Tropicos database (2023) the specimen from B was destroyed. Even if the specimen of B was still preserved, it could not be recognized as a holotype, because Hochstetter (1845) did not specify the holotype. Based on this scenario, we designate the specimen at Herb. K with barcode 000243074 as lectotype (ICN Art. 9.3), because this specimen has more leaves and flowers compared to the other specimens of K. Taxonomic notes: —Synonym of Sponia guineensis Planchon (1873: 197) (Sattarian et al. 2006).

Celtis madagascariensis Sattarian in Sattarian & Van der Maesen (2005: 501), non Celtis madagascariensis Bojer (1837: 296), nom. nud. Type: — AFRICA. Madagascar, Toliara, Reserve d’Andohalela, parcelle 2, near Hazofotsy, along river bank, 20 December 1988, fr., P.B. Phillipson 2938 (holotype MO barcode 2176160!; isotype WAG barcode 0103382!). Taxonomic notes: —Accepted species (Schatz et al. 2023).

Celtis mildbraedii Engler (1909: 309). Type: — AFRICA. Congo Republic, Orientale prov., March 1908, fr., G.W.J. Mildbraed 2897 [B: First-step lectotype designated by Polhill in Kew Bull. 19(1): 140 (1964). Second-step lectotype designated here, B barcode 10 0057907!; isolectotype B barcode 10 0057899!]. Syntypes: —AFRICA. Congo Republic, “bei Mokoko ”, March 1908, G.W.J. Mildbraed 2934 (missing material); AFRICA. Congo, “im Urwald von Kwa Muera nordwestlich von Beni”, January 1908, G.W.J. Mildbraed 2150 (missing material). Nomenclatural notes: —When describing C. mildbraedii, Engler (1909) cited the syntypes G.W.J. Mildbraed 2150, 2897, and 2934 without specifying the herbarium in which specimens were conserved. Polhill (1964) chose specimen G.W.J. Mildbraed 2897 in B as lectotype. Two specimens of Mildbraed 2897 were located in B. Considering that Polhill (1964) did not specify which of these was the lectotype, we propose a second lectotypification step (ICN Art. 9.17) and designate the specimen in Herb. B with barcode 10 0057907 as the lectotype of C. mildbraedii. We selected this specimen because it has a greater number of fruits. In an attempt to locate the remaining syntypes, we contacted the curators of A, B, BM, BR, HBG, K, P, PRE, and UPS (Mildbraed collection deposit herbaria, see Stafleu & Cowan 1981: 484) and were informed that no additional material was found. Taxonomic notes: —Accepted species (Sattarian et al. 2006). Celtis prantlii f. parvifolia Hauman (1942: 411). Type: — AFRICA. Congo, Bakapété, May 1921, fl., J. Claessens 612 (lectotype, designated here, BR barcode 0000019979953!; isolectotype BR barcode 0000013698492!). Syntype: —AFRICA. Congo, Entre Amadia et Poko, June 1931, fl., J. Lebrun 3074 (syntypes BR barcode 0000018716399!, BR barcode 0000018716405!). Nomenclatural notes: —When describing C. prantlii forma parvifolia, Hauman (1942) cited the syntypes J. Claessens 612 and J. Lebrun 3074, and mentioned that the specimens are in the BR herbarium. Considering that no lectotypification was proposed, we designated the specimen in Herb. BR with barcode 0000019979953 as lectotype (ICN Art. 9.3), because this specimen has a larger number of leaves and flowers compared to the other specimens of J. Claessens. Taxonomic notes: —Synonym of C. prantlii (Sattarian et al. 2006). Celtis scotellioides Chevalier (1917: 299). Type: — AFRICA. Ivory Coast, Haute Sassandra, “pays des Dyolas, entre Dropleu et Zoanlé, vers 600 m. d’altitude”, 5 May 1909, fr., A.J.B. Chevalier 21459 (lectotype, designated here, P barcode 00253683!; isolectotypes K barcode 000243030!, P barcode 00253684!, P barcode 00253685!). Nomenclatural notes: —When describing C. scotellioides, Chevalier (1917) cited his collection 21459, but did not specify the herbarium in which specimens were conserved. Since the gathering is comprised of multiple sheets in two herbaria, we designate the specimen at Herb. P with barcode 00253683 as lectotype (ICN Art. 9.3), because this specimen has more leaves and fruits than the other specimens. Taxonomic notes: —Synonym of C. prantlii (Sattarian et al. 2006). Celtis stuhlmannii Engler (1900: 23). Type: — AFRICA. Tanzania, Usamaro, Vorbergi von Uluyun, 1894, fl., F.L. Stuhlmann 8703 (lectotype, designated here, K barcode 000442483!). Syntypes: —AFRICA. Tanzania, Tununguo, 9 October 1894, fl., F.L. Stuhlmann 8671 (syntype B barcode 10 0057933!); AFRICA. Tanzania, Tununguo, 22 October 1894, fl. and fr., F.L. Stuhlmann 8968 (syntype B barcode 10 0057934!); AFRICA. Tanganyika [currently Tanzania], “ in der Nähe des Ruvu bei Mojaba um 350 m ”, Oct 1894, fl., F.L. Stuhlmann 8703 (B †). Nomenclatural notes: —When describing C. stuhlmannii, Engler (1900) cited the syntypes Stuhlmann 8671, 8703, and 8968 without specifying the herbarium in which specimens were conserved. Polhill (1964) proposed that F.L. Stuhlmann 8703 deposited in B was recognized as a lectotype. When contacting the curator of this herbarium (Juraj Paule) we were informed that B does not have this specimen, therefore we designated the specimen in Herb. K with barcode 000442483 as the new lectotype of. C. stuhlmannii (ICN Art. 9.3). Taxonomic notes: —Synonym of C. zenkeri (Sattarian et al. 2006). Celtis subdentata E.Mey. ex Planchon (1848: 341). Type: — AFRICA. “ Habita in Africa australi ” South Africa, Somerset, “ in montosis ditionis Enon alt. 1000-2000 ped. ”, J.F. Drège s.n. (lectotype, designated here, HAL barcode 0110268!; isolectotypes BM barcode 000911375!, FR barcode 0030488!, HBG barcode 512852!, K barcode 000243083!). Nomenclatural notes: —When publishing the name C. subdentata, Planchon (1848) cited the sample J.F. Drège s.n., but did not mention the herbarium of deposit. Four specimens identified as C. subdentata have been located. We believe that these specimens are original material, because they have the handwriting of J.F. Drège. Considering Planchon (1848) did not specify the type and its respective deposit herbarium, we designate the specimen at Herb. HAL with barcode 0110268 as lectotype (ICN Art. 9.3), because this is the only specimen to have flowers and fruit. Taxonomic notes: —Synonym of Chaetachme aristata (Sattarian et al. 2006). Celtis vesiculosa Hochst. ex Planchon (1848: 295). Type: — AFRICA.“ Abyssiniae ” [currently Ethiopia], 1842, fr., G.H.W. Schimper 1162 (lectotype, designated here, K barcode 000243035! isolectotypes BM barcode 000757261!, BM barcode 000757262!, BR barcode 0000008447043!, G barcode 00023062!, G barcode 00023063!, G barcode 00164449!, HAL barcode 0110046!, HOH barcode 009837!, JE barcode 00026182!, K barcode 000442480!, LG barcode 0000090028786!, LG barcode 0000090028885!, MPU barcode 017371!, P barcode 00253795!, P barcode 00253797!, P barcode 00253798!, P barcode 00562174!, REG barcode 000925!, STU barcode 0144923!, TUB barcode 000011!, TUB barcode 000012!, WAG barcode 0004938!). Nomenclatural notes: —When publishing the name C. vesiculosa, Planchon (1848) cited “ Hab. In montibus Samensibus Abyssiniae; Schimper herb. un. itin. ann. 1842. n 1162 ”. A total of 23 specimens matching these details were located. In an attempt to discover which specimens Planchon (1848) analyzed, we contacted the curators of the relevant herbaria [Alan Paton and Saba Rokni (K), Ranee Prakash (BM), Ann Bogaerts (BR), Fred Stauffer (G), Marcus Lehnert (HAL), Rhinaixa Duque (HOH), Jochen M̧ller (JE), Emmanuël Sérusiaux (LG), Caroline Loup (MPU), Vanessa Invernon (P), Peter Poschlod (REG), Mike Thiv (STU), Oliver Bossdorf (TUB), and Roxali Bijmoer (WAG)] that have duplicates of the Schimper 1162 specimen. After a long investigation and a consensus between us and these curators, designate the specimen at Herb. K with barcode 000243035 as lectotype (ICN Art 9.3). We chose this specimen because only the K samples have Planchon’s handwriting, which leads us to believe that these were the only specimens analyzed by the author. Taxonomic notes: —Synonym of C. africana (Sattarian et al. 2006)., Published as part of Zamengo, Henrique Borges, Chamorro, Debora, Gaglioti, André Luiz & Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso, 2023, Nomenclatural revision of the names of Celtis (Cannabaceae) described for Africa, and lectotypification of one Asian name, pp. 205-223 in Phytotaxa 603 (3) on pages 213-214, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8166665, {"references":["Engler, H. G. A. (1909) Neue Arten, auf der zentralafrikanischen Expedition des Herzogs Adolf Friedrich zu Mecklenburg gesammelt von J. Mildbraed, Ser 1: Ulmaceae. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 43: 308 - 309. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 215401 # page / 324 / mode / 1 up]","Polhill, R. M. (1964) Enumeration of the Ulmaceae in Africa south of the Sahara. Kew Bulletin 19 (1): 139 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4108304","Stafleu, F. A. & Cowan, R. S. (1981) Taxonomic literature. A selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types, Vol. III: Lh-O, 2 nd edn. Regnum Vegetabile 105. Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht, [I] - IX, 484 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 48631","Sattarian, A., Van der Maesen, L. J. G. & Wieringa, J. J. (2006) Chapter 7: Revision of African Celtis (Celtidaceae). In: Sattarian, A. Contribution to the biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with special emphasis on the African species. Ph. D. thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, pp. 65 - 92.","Hauman (1942) Note sur les Ulmacees du Congo Belge. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de l'Etat a Bruxelles 16 (4): 407 - 412. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3666743","Chevalier, A. J. B. (1917) Novitates florae africanae: Plantes nouvelles de l'Afrique tropicale francaise decrites d'apres les collections de M. Aug. Chevalier. Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France (Memoires 8 e): 247 - 306. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00378941.1907.10833386","Engler, H. G. A. (1900) V. Diagnosen neuer Arten. In: Engler, A. (ed.) Notizblatt des K ˆ niglichen Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin 3: 20 - 24. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 28790769 # page / 32 / mode / 1 up]","Planchon, J. E. (1848) Sur les Ulmacees (Ulmacees et Celtidees de quelques auteurs) considerees comme tribu de la famille des Urticees. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique, ser. 3, 10: 244 - 341. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 129774 # page / 248 / mode / 1 up]"]}

Celtis durandii Engler (1900: 22). Type: — AFRICA. Congo Republic, Bas-Congo, without date, fr., P.Dupuis s.n. (lectotype, designated here, BR barcode 0000008969224!; isolectotypes B barcode 10 0057861!, BR barcode 0000008968241!, BR barcode 0000008968890!). Syntype: —AFRICA. Tanzania, Tanga, Tanganyka, Usagara, 28 May 1807, von Trotha 171 (syntype B barcode 100057860!). Nomenclatural notes: —When describing C. durandii, Engler(1900) cited the syntypes Dupuis s.n. (“ in Herb. Brüssel ”) and von Trotha 171 (without specifying the herbarium). Polhill (1964) and Sattarian et al. (2006) stated that the Dupuis material was in B and BR, and the von Trotha material in B. Five samples were located, four from Dupuis and one from von Trotha. Considering that Engler (1900) did not specify the holotype and that Polhill (1964) and Sattarian et al. (2006) did not choose a lectotype, we designated the specimen at Herb. BR with barcode 0000008969224 as the lectotype (ICN Art. 9.3), because this specimen has more leaves than the others. Taxonomic notes: —Synonym of Sparrea gomphophylla (Fu et al. 2022).

Celtis dubia De Wildeman (1921: B5). Type: — AFRICA. Congo Republic, “ Forêt aux bords de l’Ituri”, 18 February 1914, fr., J. Bequaert 2525 (lectotype, designated here, BR barcode 0000008971173!; isolectotype BR barcode 0000008969231!). Nomenclatural notes: —When describing C. dubia, De Wildeman (1921) cited the gathering J. Bequaert 2525 without specifying the herbarium in which specimens were conserved. Polhill (1964) and Sattarian et al. (2006) stated that the “ holotype ” was in BR. Two specimens of J. Bequaert 2525 were located in BR. Considering that De Wildeman (1921) did not indicate the herbarium and that the proposal by Sattarian et al. (2006) cannot be considered an effective lectotypification (ICN Art. 7.11), we designated the specimen in Herb. BR with barcode 0000008971173 as lectotype (ICN Art. 9.3), because this specimen has fruits and De Wildeman (1921) indicated he had only seen fruiting material. Taxonomic notes: —Synonym of C. mildbraedii (Sattarian et al. 2006).

Celtis australis Linnaeus (1753: 1043). Type: —“ Habitat in Europa australi & Africa citeriore”, without date, fr., Anon s.n. (lectotype LINN herbarium number 1209.2!). Lectotype designated by Zielinski in Rechinger (ed.), Fl. Iranica 142: 12 (1979). Taxonomic notes: —Accepted species (Sattarian et al. 2006). Celtis brownii Rendle (1915: 298). Type: — AFRICA. Uganda, Mabira Forest, November 1908, fl., E. Brown 462 (lectotype BM barcode 000757187!). Lectotype designated by Polhill in Kew Bull. 19(1): 141 (1964). Syntypes: —AFRICA. Uganda, Mabira Forest, Ghagwe, January 1908, fl., Usscher 57 (syntypes BM barcode 013719273!, K barcode 001291905!); AFRICA. Uganda, Mabira Forest, Chagwe, January 1908, Usscher 81 (syntypes K barcode 001291895!, K barcode 001291904!). Taxonomic notes: —Synonym of C. prantlii (Sattarian et al. 2006)., Published as part of Zamengo, Henrique Borges, Chamorro, Debora, Gaglioti, André Luiz & Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso, 2023, Nomenclatural revision of the names of Celtis (Cannabaceae) described for Africa, and lectotypification of one Asian name, pp. 205-223 in Phytotaxa 603 (3) on page 216, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8166665, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum. Vol. 2. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 639 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 669","Sattarian, A., Van der Maesen, L. J. G. & Wieringa, J. J. (2006) Chapter 7: Revision of African Celtis (Celtidaceae). In: Sattarian, A. Contribution to the biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with special emphasis on the African species. Ph. D. thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, pp. 65 - 92.","Rendle, A. B. (1915) New Urticaceae from Tropical Africa. Journal of Botany, British and Foreign 53: 297 - 302. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 34838604 # page / 333 / mode / 1 up]"]}

Celtis wightii Planchon (1848: 307). Homotypic synonym:— Celtis philippensis var. wightii (Planch.) Soepadmo (1977: 62). Type: — ASIA. “ Indiae orientalis, Ceylona insula ” [currently Sri Lanka], without date, fl. and fr., Walker 214 (lectotype, designated here, GH barcode 00046654!; isolectotype K barcode 000852774!). Syntypes: —ASIA. India, “in montibus Neelgherries”, without date, fr., G. Gardner s.n. (syntypes P barcode 00721990!, P barcode 00721993!); ASIA. India, Neelgherry Hill, April 1845, fl., R. Wight 85 (syntype K barcode 000852771!); ASIA. “Indiae orientalis, Ceylona insula ” [currently Sri Lanka], without date, fl., R. Wight 2720 (syntypes GH barcode 00046654!, P barcode 00721991!, P barcode 00721992!). Nomenclatural notes: —When describing C. wightii, Planchon (1848) cited “ Hab. in península Indiae orientalis.; D. Wight in herb. Hook.—ibid in montibus Neelgherriees; Gardn. ibid.—in Ceylona insula; domina Walker nº214 ibid ”. Altogether, nine potentially matching samples were located: two (P barcode 00721990 and P barcode 00721993) from Gardner s.n., two (GH barcode 00046654 and K barcode 000852774) from Walker 214, and five from Wight. Of the Wight specimens one (K barcode 000852772) had a collection number 41, one (K barcode 000852771) had collection number 85, and three (GH barcode 00046654, P barcode 00721991, and P barcode 00721992) had collection number 2720. Other than Wight 41 (K barcode 000852772) all other samples have the same locations mentioned by Planchon (1848), a fact that made us rule out Wight 41 as original material of C. wightii. Considering the locations on the labels, the original Herbarium Hookerianum label, and the quality of the specimens, we designate Walker 214 (GH barcode 00046654) as the lectotype (ICN Art. 9.3), since this is the only specimen with flowers and fruits. Taxonomic notes: —Accepted species (Sattarian et al. 2006).

Celtis adolfi-friderici Engler (1909: 308). Type: — AFRICA. Congo Republic, Kivu, near Ruwenzori, Muera Forest, January 1908, fr., G.W.J. Mildbraed 2242 (lectotype, designated here, B barcode 10 0057828!). Syntypes: —AFRICA. Congo Republic, Kivu, near Ruwenzori, January 1908, fl., G.W.J. Mildbraed 2169 (syntypes B barcode 10 0057827!, B barcode 10 0057829!); AFRICA. Congo Republic, Kivu, near Ruwenzori, February 1908, fl., G.W.J. Mildbraed 2725 (missing material). Nomenclatural notes: —When describing C. adolfi-friderici, Engler (1909) cited the syntypes G.W.J. Mildbraed 2169, 2242, and 2725 without specifying the herbarium in which they were conserved. Polhill (1964) and Sattarian et al. (2006) stated that the syntypes are at B. When we contacted the curator of B, we were informed that specimen G.W.J. Mildbraed 2725 is missing. Engler (1909) mentions that C. adolfi-friderici and C. prantlii are morphologically similar and that the size of the fruits is the main characteristic that distinguishes these taxa. Based on these comments, we designate the specimen at Herb. B with barcode 10 0057828 as the lectotype (ICN Art. 9.3.), because this sample has fruits. Taxonomic notes: —Accepted species (Sattarian et al. 2006). Celtis affinis De Wildeman (1921: B1). Type: — AFRICA. Congo Kinshasa, Galerie forestière dans la savane, 1 April 1914, fl., J.C. Bequaert 3301 (lectotype, designated here, BR barcode 0000008971135!; isolectotypes BR barcode 0000008971203!, K barcode 000243033!). Syntypes: —AFRICA. Congo “ Kinshasa, entre Lesse et Beni ”, 30 March 1914, J.C. Bequaert 3259 (syntypes BR barcode 0000018717822!, BR barcode 0000018717839!). Nomenclatural notes: —When describing C. affinis, De Wildeman (1921) cited the syntypes J. Bequaert 3301 and 3259 without specifying the herbarium in which they were conserved. Polhill (1964) and Sattarian et al. (2006) stated that the syntypes are in BR. Five herbarium sheets were located there, three labelled as Bequaert 3301 and two as Bequaert 3259. De Wildeman (1921) mentions that his new species differs from Celtis integrifolia by the brownish, instead of olive-green, coloration of the leaves. Based on this comment, we designate the specimen at Herb. BR with barcode 0000008971135 as the lectotype (ICN Art. 9.3.), as this specimen has adult leaves with brownish coloration, in addition to flowers of both sexes. Taxonomic notes: —Synonym of C. zenkeri (Sattarian et al. 2006). Celtis appendiculata E.Mey. ex Planchon (1848: 341). Type: — AFRICA. South Africa, Uitenhage, Galgebosch, in forest, without date, fl. and fr., J.F. Drège s.n. (lectotype, designated here, HAL barcode 0110263!; isolectotypes BM barcode 000911374! [upper branch], FR barcode 0030484!, HBG barcode 512851!, K barcode 000243082!, REG barcode 000927!). Nomenclatural notes: —When publishing the name C. appendiculata, Planchon (1848) cited the sample J.F. Drège s.n., but did not mention the herbarium of deposit. Six specimens identified as C. appendiculata have been located. We believe that these specimens are original material, because they have the handwriting of J.F. Drège. Considering Planchon (1848) did not specify the type and its respective deposit herbarium, we designate the specimen at Herb. HAL with barcode 0110263 as the lectotype (ICN Art. 9.3), because this is the only specimen to have flowers and fruit. Taxonomic notes: —Synonym of Chaetachme aristata Planchon (1848: 341) (Sattarian et al. 2006). Celtis aristata E.Mey. ex Planchon (1848: 341). Type: — AFRICA. South Africa, Cape province, “Osawumbo”, below 1000 ft., without date, fl. J.F. Drège s.n. [K: First-step lectotype, designated by Wilmot-Dear in Bothalia 29(2): 239 (1999), as ‘isolectotype’. Second-step lectotype designated here, K barcode 000243081! [upper branch]; isolectotypes BM barcode 000911376! [left branch], FR barcode 0030489!, HBG barcode 512853!, HAL barcode 0110264!, P barcode 00541228!, P barcode 00541230!]. Nomenclatural notes: —When publishing the name C. aristata, Planchon (1848) cited the sample J.F. Drège s.n., but did not mention the herbarium of deposit. In reviewing this name Polhill (1964) reported that the material was deposited in BM and K. Despite this contribution, Polhill’s citation is not a valid lectotypification, as two specimens in different collections are cited. In the late 20th century, Wilmot-Dear (1999) erroneously considered the K specimen to be an isolectotype. Despite this error, Wilmot-Dear’s (1999) designation should be considered effective. After analyzing K’s specimen, we found that 3 specimens were stitched together on the same sheet. Considering that Wilmot-Dear (1999) did not specify the lectotype, we propose a second lectotypification step (ICN Art. 9.17) and choose the specimen in Herb. K with barcode 000243081 as lectotype, as the other two branches refer to C. appendiculata (K barcode 000243082) and C. subdentata (K barcode 000243083). Taxonomic notes: —Synonym of Chaetachme aristata (Sattarian et al. 2006). Celtis bequaerti De Wildeman (1921: B2). Type: — AFRICA. Congo, Masisi – Walikale, 1915, fl., J. Bequaert 6444 [BR: First-step lectotype, designated by Polhill in Kew Bull. 19(1): 140 (1964). Second-step lectotype designated here, BR barcode 000000897115!; isolectotypes BR barcode 000000897114!, BR barcode 000000897116!]. Syntype: —AFRICA. Congo, Penghe, 25 January 1914, fr., J. Bequaert 2087 (syntypes BR barcode 000000896857!, BR barcode 000000896890!). Nomenclatural notes: —When describing C. bequaerti, De Wildeman (1921) cited the syntypes J. Bequaert 2087 and 6444 without specifying the herbarium in which specimens were conserved. Pohlhill (1964) reported that the lectotype (Bequaert 6444) is in BR. Three samples were located in BR. Considering that in BR there are three samples and that Polhill (1964) did not specify the type, we propose a second lectotypification step (ICN Art. 9.17) and designate the specimen in Herb. BR with barcode 000000897115 as lectotype (ICN Art. 9.3), since this specimen has more flowers than the other specimens. Taxonomic notes: —Synonym of C. mildbraedii (Sattarian et al. 2006)., Published as part of Zamengo, Henrique Borges, Chamorro, Debora, Gaglioti, André Luiz & Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso, 2023, Nomenclatural revision of the names of Celtis (Cannabaceae) described for Africa, and lectotypification of one Asian name, pp. 205-223 in Phytotaxa 603 (3) on pages 207-209, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8166665, {"references":["Engler, H. G. A. (1909) Neue Arten, auf der zentralafrikanischen Expedition des Herzogs Adolf Friedrich zu Mecklenburg gesammelt von J. Mildbraed, Ser 1: Ulmaceae. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 43: 308 - 309. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 215401 # page / 324 / mode / 1 up]","Polhill, R. M. (1964) Enumeration of the Ulmaceae in Africa south of the Sahara. Kew Bulletin 19 (1): 139 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4108304","Sattarian, A., Van der Maesen, L. J. G. & Wieringa, J. J. (2006) Chapter 7: Revision of African Celtis (Celtidaceae). In: Sattarian, A. Contribution to the biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with special emphasis on the African species. Ph. D. thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, pp. 65 - 92.","De Wildeman, E. A. J. (1921) Specierum Novarum Florae Congolensis V. Revue Zoologie Africaine (Avec Supplement Botanique) 9: B 1 - B 13. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 42138 # page / 455 / mode / 1 up]","Planchon, J. E. (1848) Sur les Ulmacees (Ulmacees et Celtidees de quelques auteurs) considerees comme tribu de la famille des Urticees. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique, ser. 3, 10: 244 - 341. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 129774 # page / 248 / mode / 1 up]","Wilmot-Dear, C. M. (1999) FSA Contributions 13: Ulmaceae. Bothalia 29 (2): 239 - 247. https: // doi. org / 10.4102 / abc. v 29 i 2.594"]}

Celtis africana Burman (1768: Prodr. pl. cap. 31 [‘27’]). Holotype: —[illustration] AFRICA. South Africa. Tab. 88 in Burmann, Rar. Afr. Plant 9: 242 (1739). Epitype (designated here): — AFRICA. South Africa, Eastern Cape, Baviaans Kloof, 13 September 1974, fl., R.D.A. Bayliss 6792 (epitype WAG barcode 1855913!; isoepitype WAG barcode 1855912!). Nomenclatural notes: —When describing C. africana, Burman (1768) did not provide a diagnosis, mentioning only illustration 88 in an earlier publication by his father (Burman 1739), which pre-dates the nomenclatural starting-point for flowering plants (ICN Art. 13.1(a)). In analyzing the 1739 reference we found the diagnosis that satisfies ICN Art. 38.1. Even though Burman (1739) provided an illustration, some of the main characteristics used for the identification of this species cannot be evaluated, for example, the indumentum and the texture of the leaf surfaces (how it feels when touched). Considering that many species of Celtis are difficult to distinguish because of overlapping morphological characteristics (Chamorro et al. 2021), the illustration may cause doubts about the identity of this species. We therefore designate the specimen at Herb.WAG with barcode 1855913 as epitype (ICN Art. 9.9) of C. africana, because like the material depicted in t. 88 of Burman (1739), this specimen was collected in South Africa, and has leaves and flowers consistent with the main characteristics used to recognize the species. Taxonomic notes: —Accepted species (Sattarian et al. 2006). Celtis holtzii Engler (1915: 12, in obs.). Holotype: —[illustration] AFRICA. “Kome Kavagango, Muanza, Victoria Nyansa”, without date, fr., Fig. 6 E page 13 in Veg. Erde [Engler] 9(3,1) (1915). Epitype (designated here): — AFRICA. Tanganyika [currently Tanzania], 13 April 1905, fr., Dr. Holtz 1591 (epitype B barcode 10 0057838!). Nomenclatural notes: —When describing C. holtzii, Engler (1915) cited figure 6E, but did not provide details of any herbarium specimens. Polhill (1964) and Sattarian et al. (2006) cited the Holtz 1591 specimen deposited in B as a “ holotype ”. However, this material cannot be recognized as the holotype, because it was not used by Engler (1915) and therefore should not be considered original material (ICN Art. 9.4). We here recognize the illustration in Engler (1915) as the holotype for C. holtzii, as it is the only original material (ICN Art. 9.4). In addition to the holotype, we designate the specimen by Holtz 1591 (B barcode 10 0057838) as epitype of C. holtzii (ICN Art. 9.9), because Engler’s (1915) illustration is ambiguous, which may lead to doubts about the identity of the species. We assign an epitype, because in Celtis many species share vegetative characteristics, making identification doubtful (see the article by Chamorro et al. 2021). Currently C. holtzii is a synonym of C. africana, the latter species is characterized by the indumentum on the leaf surfaces, and this feature was not illustrated in Engler’s (1915) protologue, which reinforces the need for an epitype. Taxonomic notes: —Synonym of C. africana (Sattarian et al. 2006). Celtis integrifolia Lamarck (1797: 140), non Celtis integrifolia Nuttall (1837: 169), nom. illeg. Homotypic synonym:— Mertensia integrifolia (Lam.) Schultes (1820: 313). Type: — AFRICA. Senegal, without date, fl., M. Adanson 229a (holotype P barcode 00253668!). Taxonomic notes: —Synonym of C. toka (Sattarian et al. 2006)., Published as part of Zamengo, Henrique Borges, Chamorro, Debora, Gaglioti, André Luiz & Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso, 2023, Nomenclatural revision of the names of Celtis (Cannabaceae) described for Africa, and lectotypification of one Asian name, pp. 205-223 in Phytotaxa 603 (3) on page 217, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8166665, {"references":["Burman, N. L. (1768) Flora Indica: cui accedit series zoophytorum indicorum, nec non Prodromus Florae Capensis. Cornelium Haek, Amsterdam, 241 pp. [https: // bibdigital. rjb. csic. es / records / item / 10804 - redirection]","Burman, J. (1739) Rariorum Africanarum Plantarum, ad vivum delineatarum, iconibus ac descriptionibus illustratarum, decas novem [- Nona]. Henricum Boussiere, Amsterdam, 18 pp. + tab. 10. [https: // bibdigital. rjb. csic. es / records / item / 13622 - rariorum-africanarumplantarum-decas-nona]","Chamorro, D. C., Zamengo, H. B., Mogni, V. Y., Torres, R. B., Gaglioti, A. L., Da-Silva, P. R., Leme, F. M., Prado, D. E. & Oakley, L. J. (2021) Morfologia comparada de diez taxones del genero Celtis (Cannabaceae) del Cono Sur Sudamericano. Darwiniana 9 (1): 217 - 244. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 27098948","Sattarian, A., Van der Maesen, L. J. G. & Wieringa, J. J. (2006) Chapter 7: Revision of African Celtis (Celtidaceae). In: Sattarian, A. Contribution to the biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with special emphasis on the African species. Ph. D. thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, pp. 65 - 92.","Engler, H. G. A. (1915) Die Pflanzenwelt Afrikas insbesondere seiner tropischen Gebiete. In: Engler, A. & Drude, O. (eds.) Die Vegetation der Erde: sammlung pflanzengeographischer monographien 9 (3, 1): 1 - 869. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 34578722 # page / 4 / mode / 1 up]","Polhill, R. M. (1964) Enumeration of the Ulmaceae in Africa south of the Sahara. Kew Bulletin 19 (1): 139 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4108304","Lamarck, J. B. A. B. M. (1797) Encyclope´die Me´thodique. Botanique. Vol. 4. Panckoucke, Paris, 764 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 824","Nuttall, T. (1837) Collections towards a Flora of the Territory of Arkansas. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, new series 5: 139 - 203. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1004943","Schultes, J. A. (1820) Systema Vegetabilium, Vol. 6. J. G. Cottae, Stuttgardtiae, 852 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 825"]}

Zamengo, Henrique Borges, Chamorro, Debora, Gaglioti, André Luiz, Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso (2023): Nomenclatural revision of the names of Celtis (Cannabaceae) described for Africa, and lectotypification of one Asian name. Phytotaxa 603 (3): 205-223, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN

Celtis opegrapha Planchon (1848: 294). Type: — AFRICA. South Africa, Cape Province, Stormberg montain, December, fr., J.F. Drège 8261b (holotype K barcode 000243051! [lower branch]). Taxonomic notes: —Synonym of C. africana (Sattarian et al. 2006).

Celtis tessmannii Rendle (1915: 297). Type: — AFRICA. Equatorial Guinea, Mabungo, 16 November 1907, fl., G. Tessmann B25 (holotype B barcode 10 0057928!; isotype K barcode 000442486!). Taxonomic notes: —Accepted species (Sattarian et al. 2006). Celtis ugandensis Rendle (1906: 341) Homotypic synomym:— Celtis durandii var. ugandensis (Rendle) Rendle (1916: 5). Type: — AFRICA. Uganda, Entebbe, Victoria Nyanza, 1 March 1905, A.G. Bagshawe 669 (holotype BM barcode 000757181!). Taxonomic notes: —Synonym of Sparrea gomphophylla (Fu et al. 2022). Celtis usambarensis Engler (1909: 309). Type: — AFRICA. Tanzania, “Ost-Usambara” [currently Usambara Mountains], September 1905, fr., Zimmermann 853 (holotype B barcode 10 0057900!). Nomenclatural notes: —When describing C. usambarensis, Engler (1909) mentioned that specimen Zimmermann 853 was deposited in the Armani herbarium. Most samples from this herbarium were transferred to the Coridon Museum in Nairobi; however, Zimmermann’s specimen was donated to herbarium B, which makes us consider the specimen at Herb. B with barcode 10 0057900 as the holotype of the name C. usambarensis. Taxonomic notes: —Synonym of C. mildbraedii (Sattarian et al. 2006)., Published as part of Zamengo, Henrique Borges, Chamorro, Debora, Gaglioti, André Luiz & Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso, 2023, Nomenclatural revision of the names of Celtis (Cannabaceae) described for Africa, and lectotypification of one Asian name, pp. 205-223 in Phytotaxa 603 (3) on page 218, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8166665, {"references":["Rendle, A. B. (1915) New Urticaceae from Tropical Africa. Journal of Botany, British and Foreign 53: 297 - 302. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 34838604 # page / 333 / mode / 1 up]","Sattarian, A., Van der Maesen, L. J. G. & Wieringa, J. J. (2006) Chapter 7: Revision of African Celtis (Celtidaceae). In: Sattarian, A. Contribution to the biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with special emphasis on the African species. Ph. D. thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, pp. 65 - 92.","Rendle, A. B. (1906) A new Celtis from TropicalAfrica. Journal of Botany, British and Foreign 44: 341 - 342. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 35239619 # page / 394 / mode / 1 up]","Rendle, A. B. (1916) Ulmaceae. In: Prain, D. (ed.) Flora of Tropical Africa 6 (2). L. Reeve & Co, London, pp. 1 - 14. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 130 # page / 16 / mode / 1 up]","Fu, X. - G., Liu, S. - Y., Van Velzen, R., Stull, G. W., Tian, Q., Li, Y. - X., Folk, R. A., Guralnick, R. P., Kates, H. R., Jin, J. - J., Li, Z. - H., Soltis, D. E., Soltis, P. S. & Yi, T. - S. (2022) Phylogenomic analysis of the hemp family (Cannabaceae) reveals deep cyto-nuclear discordance and provides new insights into generic relationships. Journal of Systematics and Evolution. [Online Early, 21 pp.] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jse. 12920","Engler, H. G. A. (1909) Neue Arten, auf der zentralafrikanischen Expedition des Herzogs Adolf Friedrich zu Mecklenburg gesammelt von J. Mildbraed, Ser 1: Ulmaceae. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 43: 308 - 309. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 215401 # page / 324 / mode / 1 up]"]}

Celtis fragifera Chevalier (1917: 299). Type: — AFRICA. Ivory Coast, “ Vallée du Moyen Comoé, entre Tingouéla et Assikasso ”, 14 December 1909, fr., A.J.B. Chevalier 22575 (lectotype, designated here, P barcode 00253573!; isolectotypes BR barcode 0000018495959!, K barcode 000243031!, K barcode 000243032!, P barcode 00253572!, P barcode 00253574!, P barcode 00253853!, WAG barcode 0151059!, WAG barcode 0251823!). Nomenclatural notes: —When describing C. fragifera, Chevalier (1917) cited his collection 22575, but did not specify the herbarium in which it was conserved. Polhill (1964) mentioned that the isotype is in K, in making this comment, the author assumed that the type could be in P, because Chevalier was a French botanist and used to deposit his collections in the Paris herbarium. Considering Chevalier (1917) did not specify a holotype, and that in P there are four specimens, we designate the specimen in Herb. P with barcode 00253573 as the lectotype (ICN Art. 9.3), because this specimen has leaves, fruits, and a drawing of the endocarp. Taxonomic notes: —Synonym of Sparrea gomphophylla (Fu et al. 2022).

Celtis kraussiana var. stolzii Peter (1932: 64). Type: — AFRICA. Tanzania, 28 November 1912, fr., A. Stolz 1708 (lectotype, designated here, B barcode 10 0057847!; isolectotypes B barcode 10 0057848!, BM barcode 000757265!, C barcode 10001470!, G barcode 00164450!, K barcode 000243036!, L barcode 1585858!, PRE barcode 0783365-0!). Nomenclatural notes: —When describing C. kraussiana var. stolzii, Peter (1932) cited the gathering Stolz 1708 and mentioned that the material is in B. Eight samples from Stolz 1708 have been located in seven herbaria. Considering that in B there are two samples and that Peter (1932) did not specify a holotype, we designated the specimen in Herb. B with barcode 10 0057847 as lectotype (ICN Art. 9.3) of C. kraussiana var. stolzii, because this specimen has more leaves and fruits than the other B specimen. Taxonomic notes: —Synonym of C. africana (Sattarian et al. 2006).

Celtis eriantha E.Mey. ex Planchon (1848: 296). Type: — AFRICA. “ Africae australis colonia Capensi prope Graafreynet, in montosis scopulosis, altit 3000-4000 ped.” [currently South Africa], Cape province, August 1839, fl., J.F. Drège s.n. (lectotype, designated here, K barcode 000243053!; isolectotypes HAL herbarium number 0110044!, HAL herbarium number 110045!, MO herbarium number 2027180!, REG barcode 000926!, S-G herbarium number 1257!). Syntype: —AFRICA, “Secus flumen Gariep” [currently Orange River], without date, Burke s.n. (missing material, not located by K’s curator). Nomenclatural notes: —When publishing the name C. eriantha, Planchon (1848) cited Drège s.n. and Burke s.n. syntypes from the Hookerianum herbarium. Seven specimens of Drège s.n. were located. No material from Burke s.n. was located. Two of the Drège s.n. specimens identified as C. eriantha were located in K (barcodes 000243046 and 000243053). Analyzing these specimens we observed the herbarium Hookerianum stamp on the specimen at Herb. K with barcode 000243053, and therefore designate this material as the lectotype of C. eriantha (ICN Art. 9.3). Taxonomic notes: —Synonym of C. africana (Sattarian et al. 2006).

The Sierra de las Nieves National Park, declared by the Spanish Government in July 2021, is part of the Serranía de Ronda (Western Baetic mountains), which is considered one of the main centres of biodiversity and endemicity of the southern Iberian Peninsula (Andalusia, Spain) and the Mediterranean Basin. The park and its surroundings have an important diversity of vascular plants, mainly due to the orographic, climatic and geological diversity of the area, which is divided into three biogeographical sectors: Rondeño sector (limestones, dolomites and clays), Bermejense sector (peridotites and serpentines) and Aljíbico sector (gneisses and micaschists). This contribution presents the first catalogue of the vascular flora of this national park and its surrounding area, with 1,387 taxa distributed in 104 families and 542 genera. An amount of 79 taxa are endemic to Andalusia and 57 are endangered: 4 are Critically Endangered (CR), 17 are Endangered (EN) and 36 are Vulnerable (VU).

Well-preserved silicified woods from a site near the town of Post, Oregon, western USA, provide insights into the late Eocene vegetation and climate ca. 36 million years and data for comparing with both older and younger wood floras regionally and globally. The composition of this wood flora, taken into consideration along with taxa identified from silicified fruits and seeds of the same locality, provides a more complete picture of the former vegetation. We recognize woods belonging to the families Anacardiaceae (Pistacia terrazasae sp. nov.), Cannabaceae (Celtis popsii sp. nov.), Cercidiphyllaceae (Cercidiphyllum cf. alalongum R.A.Scott et E.A.Wheeler), Fagaceae (Fagus dodgeii sp. nov., Lithocarpoxylon ashwillii sp. nov., Lithocarpoxylon sp., Quercus sp.), Hamamelidaceae (Hamamelidoxylon crystalliferum sp. nov., H. cf. suzukii E.A.Wheeler et T.A.Dillhoff), Juglandaceae (Pterocaryoxylon sp.), Malvaceae (Wataria kvacekii n. sp.), Platanaceae (Platanoxylon cf. haydenii (Felix) Süss et Müll.-Stoll, Platanus sp.), Sapindaceae (Acer, 2 spp.), Trochodendraceae (Trochodendron beckii (Hergert et H.K.Phinney) R.A.Scott et E.A.Wheeler). This assemblage, which we refer to as the Post Hammer flora (UF 279), is comparable in age to the nearby Teater Road flora known mainly from fossil leaf impressions. Comparing the functional traits of the Hammer woods to the older Clarno Nut Beds woods attests to changing climate in the region, including an increase in seasonality.

Most of the pharmacological effects of Cannabis species have been attributed to their cannabinoid constituents, primarily Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol. Efficient methods of extraction, purification, and characterization of these compounds are necessary to obtain both enriched preparations and isolated compounds for therapeutic applications. In this study, forensic samples of Cannabis sativa L., Cannabaceae, were subjected to extraction, using maceration in two different solvents, methanol, and diethyl ether. These extracts were subjected to thermal decarboxylation and purification by liquid–liquid fractionation. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol concentrations from various extracts were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Extract cytotoxicity was assayed in vitro using human erythrocytes, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (NIH3T3), and murine melanoma (B16F10) cells. The B16F10 cell death mechanism was also evaluated after treatment with extract samples. The results demonstrated promising effects of various cannabinoid extracts in a murine melanoma cancer line.

[1733] Ampelocera edentula Kuhlm. (Fig. 57D) Anais Reunião Sul-Amer. Bot. 3: 75 [“1938” publ. 1940] (Kuhlmann 1940). Ampelocera latifolia Ducke, Trop. Woods 76: 15 (Ducke 1943). VERNACULAR NAMES. — Ka: watoipyo, watoyatɨ • Wp: inãmu s&itilde;, inãmus&itilde;wɨla • Br: cafezinho, paracanaúba. HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 18 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: S.A. Mori et al. 15115. INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 41 trees in 27 plots; Fmax, Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 711, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777

We present a list of tree species of French Guiana, based on data collected from herbarium specimens and tree inventories, and verified against all available taxonomic literature to date. The list contains 1811 taxa representing 87 families and 421 genera, including 143 unnamed species which either may be species not previously recorded in French Guiana, or taxa new to Science. Original demographic data such as global abundance, local maximum frequency and geographic dispersion, are given for the 1293 species present in tree inventories. Our work has led to the recognition of certain taxonomic and nomenclatural novelties, including a new combination in Lecythis Loefl. (Lecythidaceae), several lectotypifications and new synonyms, as well as reinstatement of Sloanea acutiflora Uittien (Elaeocarpaceae), Eugenia sinemariensis Aubl. (Myrtaceae), and four species of Inga (Leguminosae). In addition, we provide the most comprehensive list available to date of corresponding vernacular names (4354 for 1157 species) in nine languages spoken in French Guiana: Palikur, Kali’na, Teko, Wayãpi, Wayana, Nengee tongo (Aluku/Ndjuka/Paramaka), Creole, French, and Brasilian Portuguese. The checklist is complemented by indexes of exsiccata, vernacular names and scientific names. The introductory part is available in French and English., Nous présentons une liste des espèces d’arbres de Guyane française, basée sur des données issues de spécimens d’herbiers et d’inventaires d’arbres. Les noms ont été vérifiés au regard de toute la littérature taxonomique disponible à ce jour. La liste contient 1811 taxons représentant 87 familles et 421 genres, dont 143 espèces non nommées qui peuvent être soit des espèces non répertoriées précédemment en Guyane française, soit des taxons nouveaux pour la Science. Des données démographiques originales telles que l’abondance globale, la fréquence maximale locale et la dispersion géographique, sont données pour les 1293 espèces présentes dans les inventaires d’arbres. Nos travaux ont conduit à la reconnaissance de quelques nouveautés taxonomiques et nomenclaturales, dont une nouvelle combinaison dans le genre Lecythis Loefl. (Lecythidaceae), plusieurs lectotypifications et nouveaux synonymes, ainsi que la réinstallation de Sloanea acutiflora Uittien (Elaeocarpaceae), d’Eugenia sinemariensis Aubl. (Myrtaceae), et de quatre espèces du genre Inga (Leguminosae). En outre, nous fournissons la liste la plus complète disponible à ce jour des noms vernaculaires correspondants (4354 pour 1157 espèces) dans neuf langues parlées en Guyane française : Palikur, Kali’na, Teko, Wayãpi, Wayana, Nengee tongo (Aluku/Ndjuka/Paramaka), Créole, Français, et Portugais du Brésil. Le catalogue est complété par des index des exsiccata, des noms vernaculaires et des noms scientifiques. La partie introductive est proposée en français et en anglais.

Cannabis sativa is a millenary medicinal plant. However, contrary to worldwide paradigm-shifting, countries like Brazil still prohibit C. sativa cultivation and its medicinal use, even though many populations use aerial parts and roots of this plant for healthcare. As such, the objective of this work was to identify substances in the samples of the C. sativa roots, tracing a correlation with antitussive and expectorant effects. Therefore, samples of C. sativa roots were donated by the Polícia Federal Brasileira, and its aqueous extract (AECsR) was prepared with subsequent lyophilization, to maintain the material stability. After that, the material was analyzed by LC-MS to observe its chemical profile. Four samples (AECsR-A, B, C, and D) were tested in animal models of citric acid-induced cough (0.4 M) and phenol red expectoration (500 mg/kg). Using LC-MS it was possible to identify 5 molecules in C. sativa roots: p-coumaroyltyramine, tetrahydrocannabinol-C4, feruoiltyramine, anhydrocanabisativine, and cannabisativine. In experimental protocols, male mice (Mus musculus) were treated with samples of AECsR at doses of 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg regardless of the pharmacological test. In these tests, all samples showed the potential to treat cough and promote fluid expectoration, differing only in the dose at which these effects were observed. Therefore, the data showed that the C. sativa roots of the Brazilian Northeast showed antitussive and expectorant effects, even with intense secondary metabolitesʼ variation, which alters its potency, but not its effect. This highlights the importance of this medicinal plant for future therapy and corroborates to traditional use.

PREMISE Celtis is the most species-rich genus of Cannabaceae, an economically important family. Celtis species have been described as wind-pollinated and andromonoecious. However, the andromonoecy of Celtis has been debated because there are reports of monoclinous flowers with non-opening anthers on short filaments. Our objective was to study the floral morphogenesis of Celtis to establish the breeding system and to better understand the developmental patterns that lead to the formation of reduced flowers in the genus. METHODS Flowers and floral buds of Celtis species were studied using scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution x-ray computed tomography, and light microscopy. RESULTS All flowers initiate stamens and carpels during early floral development, but either stamens or carpels abort during later stages. Thus, at anthesis, flowers are either functionally pistillate or functionally staminate. In pistillate flowers, stamens abort late and become staminodes with normal-looking anthers. These anthers have no functional endothecium and, in most of the species studied, produce no viable pollen grains. The gynoecium is pseudomonomerous, and its vascularization is similar in the sampled species. In staminate flowers, the gynoecium aborts early resulting in small pistillodes. No vestiges of petals were found. CONCLUSIONS The species studied are monoecious and not andromonoecious as described earlier. The absence of petals, the carpel and stamen abortion, and the pseudomonomerous gynoecium result in the reduced flowers of Celtis species. The use of high-resolution x-ray computed tomography was essential for a more accurate interpretation of ovary vascularization, confirming the pseudomonomerous structure of the gynoecium.

Celtis africana Burm.f. Syn.: Celtis kraussiana Bernh. Medium to large deciduous tree, in open forest, thicket, and forest galleries. C.N.: mutuje (kb). Uses: artefacts, firewood, medicinal, timber., Published as part of Monteiro, Francisca, Costa, Esperança Da, Kissanga, Raquel, Costa, José Carlos & Catarino, Luís, 2022, An annotated checklist of the vascular flora of Quiçama National Park, Angola, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 557 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.557.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6985699

A new species of Celtis toka (Family Cannabaceae) from Faifa, Saudi Arabia is described and illustrated. Morphological descriptions with a distribution map and photograph of the species were provided. Celtis toka is only recorded from West and Middle of the Sahel region and East Tropical Africa to Yemen in Arabian Peninsula. This record conceded as the second locations for the Arabian Peninsula.

Chaetachme aristata Planch. — Habit: Small tree. Habitat: LMWF, LMDF; up to 2 100 m. Distribution: II. Voucher: Lower Imenti Forest, Alt. 1 190 m, 26–28 Jun. 1974, Faden & Faden 74/885 (WAG). Reference: N/A., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464

Aerangis luteoalba (Kraenzl.) Schltr. var. rhodosticta (Kraenzl.) J.Stewart — Habit: Herb. Habitat: LMWF; up to 2 400 m. Distribution: II. Voucher: East Mount Kenya Forest, Alt. 1 524–1 829 m, Battiscombe K692 (EA, K). References: Blundell (1987), Cribb (1989b), Stewart & Campbell (2003), Agnew (2013)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1

Celtis gomphophylla Baker — Habit: Tree. Habitat: LMWF; up to 2 000 m. Distribution: II. Voucher: Upper Imenti Forest, Alt. 1 740 m, 28–29 Jun. 1974, Faden & Faden 74/908 (EA, WAG). Reference: Fries & Fries (1924)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464, {"references":["Fries, R. E. & Fries, T. C. E. (1924) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Flora des Kenia, Mt. Aberdare und Mt. Elgon. IV. Notizblatt des Koniglichen Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin 8 (80): 661 - 704. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3994426"]}

Celtis africana Burm.f. — Habit: Tree. Habitat: LMWF, LMDF; up to 2 400 m. Distribution: II. Voucher: Mount Kenya, Alt. 1 981 m, Rammell 1051 (EA). References: Fries & Fries (1924), Bussmann (1993, 1994), Bussmann & Beck (1995a)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464, {"references":["Fries, R. E. & Fries, T. C. E. (1924) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Flora des Kenia, Mt. Aberdare und Mt. Elgon. IV. Notizblatt des Koniglichen Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin 8 (80): 661 - 704. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3994426","Bussmann, R. W. (1993) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): A phytosociological approach with special reference to ecological problems. Ph. D. Thesis, Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen, Tubingen, 119 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. (1994) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): Vegetation, ecology, destruction and management of a tropical mountain forest ecosystem. Ph. D. dissertation, Universitat Bayreuth Startseite, Bayreuth, 252 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. & Beck, E. (1995 a) The forests of Mt. Kenya (Kenya), a phytosociological synopsis. Phytocoenologia 25 (4): 467 - 560. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / phyto / 25 / 1995 / 467"]}

* Cannabis sativa L. — Habit: Herb. Habitat: N/A. Distribution: IV. Voucher: N/A. References: Bussmann & Beck (1999), Gathaara (1999)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464, {"references":["Bussmann, R. W. & Beck, E. (1999) Vegetation units of Mt. Kenya Forest Reserve: Comment. In: Bitok (Ed.) Vegetations-okologosche, ethnobotanische und faunistische Beitrage uber Aquatorial-Afrika. Bayreuther Forum Okologie 64. Bayreuther Forum Okologie, Bayreuth, pp. 17 - 28.","Gathaara, G. N. (1999) Aerial survey of the destruction of Mt. Kenya, Imenti and Ngare Ndare forests reserves. Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi."]}

Leonotis leonurusL. R. Br. (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant native to the South Africancontinent also employed as a recreational drug and a substitute to Cannabis sativaL. (Cannabaceae). Given the interest of the last mentioned species as a source of treatments for epilepsy among many other pathologies and its possible substitution for L. leonurus, the aim of this article is obtain anatomical and micrographical characters for its identification in chopped or powdered material and to survey the user ́s perceptions about this plant based in posts extracted from a recreational drug user Internet forum. L. leonurusleaves have pluricellular tector trichomes and two classes of pluricellular trichomes with unicellular and pluricellular heads, styloid crystals in its mesophyll among many other characters, while the flowers have wooly trichomes and characteristic pollen granules. Regarding the Internet forum survey, it was reported that L. leonurusleaves and flowers were the employed parts and that the mode of use was smoked. The reported effect was sedative. The anatomical data reported in this article may help to identify L. leonurusin pharmaceutical or forensic contexts.

International audience; Tree stems undergo a massive secondary growth in which secondary xylem and phloem tissues arise from the vascular cambium. Vascular cambium activity is driven by endogenous developmental signalling cues and environmental stimuli. Current knowledge regarding the genetic regulation of cambium activity and secondary growth is still far from complete. The tropical Cannabaceae tree Parasponia andersonii is a non-legume research model of nitrogen-fixing root nodulation. Parasponia andersonii can be transformed efficiently, making it amenable for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated reverse genetics. We considered whether P. andersonii also could be used as a complementary research system to investigate tree-related traits, including secondary growth. We established a developmental map of stem secondary growth in P. andersonii plantlets. Subsequently, we showed that the expression of the co-transcriptional regulator PanNODULE ROOT1 (PanNOOT1) is essential for controlling this process. PanNOOT1 is orthologous to Arabidopsis thaliana BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1 (AtBOP1) and AtBOP2, which are involved in the meristem-to-organ-boundary maintenance. Moreover, in species forming nitrogen-fixing root nodules, NOOT1 is known to function as a key nodule identity gene. Parasponia andersonii CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function Pannoot1 mutants are altered in the development of the xylem and phloem tissues without apparent disturbance of the cambium organization and size. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the expression of key secondary growth-related genes is significantly down-regulated in Pannoot1 mutants. This allows us to conclude that PanNOOT1 positively contributes to the regulation of stem secondary growth. Our work also demonstrates that P. andersonii can serve as a tree research system.

Purpose: In this review, the compound 6-prenylapigenin was identified as a potential wild type Plasmodium vivax dihydrofolate reductase (PDB ID: 2BL9) protein receptor inhibitor through a series of computer-assisted drug design processes, to highlight important interactions between ligand and 2BL9 receptor protein and determine drug properties. proposed as a 2BL9 inhibiting agent. Methods: The in silico study used secondary data including Plasmodium vivax protein receptor (PDB ID: 2BL9), 6-Prenylapigenin compound (PubChem ID: 10382485), and native ligand Pyrimethamine (PubChem ID: 4993) as a comparison. In silico analysis using software, including AutoDock v 4.2.3, admetSAR v 2.0, Lipinski Role Of Five, PROCHECK SAVES v 6.0, LigPlus + v 2.2 and the Discovery Studio 2016. Results: The study results showed that the free energy of the Gibbs bonding compound 6-Prenylapigenin is -7.61 kcal/mol with an inhibition constant is 2.65 nM. Types of hydrogen bonding to the amino acid residues Asp53 (A) and Ile173 (A). Hydrophobic extraction of the amino acid residues were Tyr125 (A); Met54 (A); Leu128 (A); Phe57 (A); Ala15 (A); Cys14 (A); Leu39 (A); Leu45 (A); and Tyr179 (A). In silico studies, this compound also has good toxicity and bioavailability properties. Conclusion: 6-Prenylapigenin compound has an inhibitor activity at the active site of the 2BL9 protein receptor by forming hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. This compound has good toxicity and bio availability so that it may be developed as a dihydrofolate reductase enzyme inhibitor compound.

A new whitefly species, Pealius gallae sp. nov. forming pit galls on Celtis philippensis Blanco discovered in the Andaman Islands, is described and illustrated. Leaf pit galls were formed in the microhabitat of the puparia, each pit was observed with a single puparium, the opposite side of the galls was convex, easily recognizable by chlorotic spots; older galls turn brown and brittle. This is the first authentic record with illustrations of any leaf pit gall forming whitefly. The specialised gall inducing insects may pose extinction risks with limited host range. The new whitefly differs from Pealius cinnamomi David and Sundararaj in the habitus, gall forming nature, number of submarginal setae, vasiform orifice shape, broad tracheal folds and pattern of tubercles in it.

Context Depression is a severe mental illness caused by a deficiency of dopamine and serotonin. Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae) has long been used to treat pain, nausea, and depression. Objective This study investigates the anti-depressant effects of C. sativa (hemp) seed ethanol extract (HE) in chlorpromazine (CPZ)-induced Drosophila melanogaster depression model. Materials and methods The normal group was untreated, and the control group was treated with CPZ (0.1% of media) for 7 days. The experimental groups were treated with a single HE treatment (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% of media) and a mixture of 0.1% CPZ and HE for 7 days. The locomotor activity, behavioural patterns, depression-related gene expression, and neurotransmitters level of flies were investigated. Results The behavioural patterns of individual flies were significantly reduced with 0.1% CPZ treatment. In contrast, combination treatment of 1.5% HE and 0.1% CPZ significantly increased subjective daytime activity (p

Recently, the antisoiling performances of superhydrophobic (SH) surfaces have received much attention due to their potential applications in self-cleaning photovoltaic glass and other surfaces without the need to be rinsed with water. In this work, we systematically compared the antisoiling performances of lotus leaf and other plant leaves by first drying them in the shade and then placing them outdoors in a slight breeze for 1-2 months. The results show that after being dried in the shade, the lotus leaf and the canna leaf retain their SH properties, comparable with their fresh states. The firmiana leaf is still hydrophilic. However, when the leaves are exposed to rain, no rain drops adhere to the surface of the lotus leaf but many droplets adhere to the canna leaf. Furthermore, after being incubated outdoors in the absence of rain for 1 month, the lotus leaf retained its SH properties, the canna leaf was no longer SH, and the firmiana leaf became more hydrophilic. SEM imaging with EDS and elemental mapping all confirmed that after outdoor exposure for 1-2 months, only a small amount of dust was found on the lotus leaf but a significant amount of dust was present on the canna leaf, with even more on the firmiana leaf. These results confirm that the lotus leaf has excellent antisoiling performance. The low interactions between the lotus leaf surface and the dust particles are most likely responsible for this unique property. On the contrary, the canna leaf, and especially the firmiana leaf, do not possess this property because neither their surface microstructures nor their surface free energies are favorable to reduce interactions between the leaf surface and dust particles. This study will be helpful in designing and preparing a surface with antisoiling performance.

In plants, dioecy is relatively rare, and it involves sex chromosome systems that often developed independently over time. These characteristics make dioecious plants an attractive model to study sex chromosome evolution. To clarify the patterns of plant sex chromosome evolution, studies should be performed on a wide range of dioecious species. It is interesting to study the sex chromosomes in related species that evolved during a long period of independent sex chromosome evolution. The Cannabaceae family includes three dioecious species with heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Cannabis sativa and Humulus lupulus use the XX/XY chromosome system, whereas Humulus japonicus contains multiple sex chromosomes (XX/XY

Hop (Humulus lupulus) is a perennial plant with commercial values. Here, we reported the complete chloroplast genome for a local hop cultivar (Humulus lupulus cv. 'Fubei-1') from Xinjiang, China. The chloroplast genome is 153,614 bp long with an A + T-biased base composition, and contains a total of 113 gene species, including 79 protein-coding, 30 tRNA, and four rRNA gene species. Nineteen gene species are duplicated, and 18 gene species harbor one or two introns. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close relatedness among the three hop cultivars ('Saazer', 'Hallertauer', and 'Fubei-1').