451 results on '"C. Kwon"'
Search Results
2. Principles to operationalize equity in cancer research and health outcomes: lessons learned from the cancer prevention and control research network
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Perla Chebli, Prajakta Adsul, Julie Kranick, Catherine L. Rohweder, Betsy C. Risendal, Emily Bilenduke, Rebecca Williams, Stephanie Wheeler, Simona C. Kwon, and Chau Trinh-Shevrin
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Cancer Research ,Oncology - Abstract
Reflecting their commitment to advancing health equity, the Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network (CPCRN) established a Health Equity Workgroup to identify and distill guiding principles rooted in health equity, community-engaged participatory research (CBPR), social determinants of health, and racial equity frameworks to guide its collective work. The Health Equity Workgroup utilized a multi-phase, participatory consensus-building approach to: (1) identify recurrent themes in health and racial equity frameworks; (2) capture perspectives on and experiences with health equity research among CPCRN members through an online survey; (3) engage in activities to discuss and refine the guiding principles; and (4) collect case examples of operationalizing equity principles in cancer research. Representatives from all CPCRN centers endorsed nine core principles to guide the Network’s strategic plan: (1) Engage in power-sharing and capacity building with partners; (2) Address community priorities through community engagement and co-creation of research; (3) Explore and address the systems and structural root causes of cancer disparities; (4) Build a system of accountability between research and community partners; (5) Establish transparent relationships with community partners; (6) Prioritize the sustainability of research benefits for community partners; (7) Center racial equity in cancer prevention and control research; (8) Engage in equitable data collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination practices; and (9) Integrate knowledge translation, implementation, and dissemination into research plans. Dissemination products, such as toolkits and technical assistance workshops, reflecting these principles will foster knowledge transfer to intentionally integrate health and racial equity principles in cancer prevention and control research.
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- 2023
3. Promoting Physical Activity Among Immigrant Asian Americans: Results from Four Community Health Worker Studies
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Laura C. Wyatt, Carina Katigbak, Lindsey Riley, Jennifer M. Zanowiak, Rhodora Ursua, Simona C. Kwon, Chau Trinh-Shevrin, and Nadia S. Islam
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Epidemiology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health - Published
- 2022
4. Examining demographic, work, and sleep characteristics among older South Asian American yellow taxi drivers in New York City: A brief report
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Rebecca Robbins, Chau Trinh-Shevrin, Stella K. Chong, Nicholas Chanko, Fatoumata Diaby, Stuart F. Quan, and Simona C. Kwon
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Automobile Driving ,Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ,Asian ,Risk Factors ,Accidents, Traffic ,Humans ,New York City ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Sleep ,Article ,Demography - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This exploratory study examines workplace factors, sleep, sleep disorders, and safety among older (age 50 years and above) yellow taxi drivers in New York City (NYC) of South Asian descent. METHODS: Using street intercept methods, quantitative data was collected among yellow taxi drivers in NYC (n=27) from January-March 2020. RESULTS: Among drivers, higher than normal sleepiness was identified in 33%, sleeping fewer than 7 hours on worknights work nights was reported by 52%, and 37% were at high risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Among drivers, 11% (n=3) reported a motor vehicle accident in the past year and all drivers who reported an accident were at high risk for OSA. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this hard-to-reach and understudied population revealed that most drivers did not report sufficient sleep on work nights. Results found over one-third of drivers had high OSA risk and drivers at high risk for OSA contributed to all reports of motor vehicle crashes.
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- 2022
5. Methods for Retrospectively Improving Race/Ethnicity Data Quality: A Scoping Review
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Matthew K Chin, Lan N Đoàn, Rienna G Russo, Timothy Roberts, Sonia Persaud, Emily Huang, Lauren Fu, Kiran Y Kui, Simona C Kwon, and Stella S Yi
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Epidemiology ,General Medicine - Abstract
Improving race/ethnicity data quality is imperative to ensuring underserved populations are represented in datasets used to identify health disparities and inform healthcare policy. We performed a scoping review of methods that retrospectively improve race/ethnicity classification in secondary datasets. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science Core Collection in July 2022. A total of 2,441 abstracts were dually screened, 453 full-text articles were reviewed, and 120 articles were included. Study characteristics were extracted and described in a narrative analysis, including: method type used for race/ethnicity classification; races/ethnicities targeted for classification; publication year; method inputs; reference population (if applicable); target population; and whether the article included a validation process. Six main method types for improving race/ethnicity were identified: Expert Review (n=9; 8%), Name Lists (n = 27; 23%), Name Algorithms (n=55; 46%), Machine Learning (n=14; 12%), Data Linkage (n=9; 8%), and Other (n=6; 5%). The main racial/ethnic groups targeted for classification were Asian (n = 56; 47%) and White (n = 51; 43%). Eighty-six articles (72%) included some form of validation evaluation. We discuss the strengths and limitations of different method types and potential harms of identified methods. We recommend the need for innovative methods to better identify racial/ethnic subgroups and further validation studies. Accurately collecting and reporting disaggregated data by race/ethnicity is critical to address the systematic missingness of relevant demographic data that can erroneously guide policymaking and hinder the effectiveness of healthcare practices and intervention.
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- 2023
6. Data from Low Colorectal Cancer Screening Uptake and Persistent Disparities in an Underserved Urban Population
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Peter S. Liang, Mengmeng Du, Scott E. Sherman, Andrew B. Wallach, Rabia Ali de Latour, Simona C. Kwon, Stephanie C. Yakoubovitch, Sanya Anand, Kelli O'Connell, and Katherine Ni
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Colorectal cancer screening has increased substantially in New York City in recent years. However, screening uptake measured by telephone surveys may not fully capture rates among underserved populations. We measured screening completion within 1 year of a primary care visit among previously unscreened patients in a large urban safety-net hospital and identified sociodemographic and health-related predictors of screening.We identified 21,256 patients ages 50 to 75 who were seen by primary care providers (PCP) in 2014, of whom 14,425 (67.9%) were not up-to-date with screening. Because PCPs facilitate the majority of screening, we compared patients who received screening within 1 year of an initial PCP visit to those who remained unscreened using multivariable logistic regression.Among patients not up-to-date with screening at study outset, 11.5% (1,658 patients) completed screening within 1 year of a PCP visit. Asian race, more PCP visits, and higher area-level income were associated with higher screening completion. Factors associated with remaining unscreened included morbid obesity, ever smoking, Elixhauser comorbidity index of 0, and having Medicaid/Medicare insurance. Age, sex, language, and travel time to the hospital were not associated with screening status. Overall, 39.9% of patients were up-to-date with screening by 2015.In an underserved urban population, colorectal cancer screening disparities remain, and overall screening uptake was low. Because more PCP visits were associated with modestly higher screening completion at 1 year, additional community-level education and outreach may be crucial to increase colorectal cancer screening in underserved populations.
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- 2023
7. Abstract P363: Knowledge of COVID-19-Related Risk Factors and Conditions Among Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Adults, February-April 2022
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Lan N Doan, Laura Wyatt, Jin Park, Simona C Kwon, and Stella S Yi
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Physiology (medical) ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Abstract
Introduction: Communities of color, including Asian Americans (AAs), Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NH/PIs), experienced higher rates of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization and death compared to white populations during the early pandemic. Further, there are known disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among AA and NH/PI groups that existed pre-pandemic (e.g., greater prevalence of diabetes among Filipino and Asian Indian compared to white adults). These outsized risks are combined with the increased experience of anti-Asian racism in this period along with historical distrust of health institutions, and legacies of structural racism that have made communities of color vulnerable to the pandemic. The purpose of this study was to understand knowledge of COVID-19-related conditions among AA and NH/PI ethnic groups, in order to anticipate and mitigate further COVID-19 and CVD disparities. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that knowledge of post-COVID-19 conditions and variants would vary by disaggregated AA and NH/PI ethnic group. Methods: The National COVID-19 Rapid Needs Assessment was conducted among AA and NH/PI adults from February to April 2022 with the help of ten community partners (n = 1,358; 1,197 AAs and 153 NH/PIs). The survey was primarily administered online in English and 11 Asian languages. We examined the following COVID-19 knowledge outcomes: vaccine breakthrough infections, COVID-19 variants, and long COVID. Responses included: ‘I know a lot about it,’ ‘I know a moderate amount about it,’ ‘I have heard of it, but don’t know much about it,’ and ‘I haven’t heard of it.’ Outcomes were disaggregated by seven AA (Chinese, Taiwanese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, South Asian) and two NH/PI (Polynesian, Micronesian) subgroups. Additional analyses will examine differences in knowledge based on misinformation and disinformation in the absence of timely, language concordant COVID-19 information. Results: Among AAs overall, 14.0% had not heard of vaccine breakthrough infections; 7.4% had not heard of COVID-19 variants; and 11.7% had not heard of long COVID. South Asian adults reported the lowest knowledge of COVID-19, while Filipinos reported the highest knowledge. Among NH/PI adults, 27.2% had not heard of vaccine breakthrough infections; 6.6% had not heard of COVID-19 variants; and 28.4% had not heard of long COVID. Both NH/PI subgroups reported very low knowledge of breakthrough infections and long COVID. Conclusion: Findings indicate COVID-19-related knowledge disparities across AA and NH/PI ethnic subgroups which may be more pronounced among South Asian and NH/PI communities. The COVID-19 pandemic will exacerbate known CVD health disparities if the pandemic mitigation strategies (e.g., disaggregated racial/ethnic data collection) are not inclusive of communities of color, immigrants and limited English fluent populations.
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- 2023
8. Up-to-Date Colonoscopy Use in Asian and Hispanic Subgroups in New York City, 2003-2016
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Peter S. Liang, Rachel Dubner, Yuhe Xia, Matthew Glenn, Kevin Lin, Neha Nagpal, Sandy Ng, Chau Trinh-Shevrin, Andrea B. Troxel, and Simona C. Kwon
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- 2023
9. COVID-19 and Asian Americans: Reinforcing the Role of Community-Based Organizations in Providing Culturally and Linguistically Centered Care
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Jennifer A. Wong, Stella S. Yi, Simona C. Kwon, Nadia S. Islam, Chau Trinh-Shevrin, and Lan N. Đoàn
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Health (social science) ,Health Information Management ,Health Policy ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health - Abstract
Community-based organizations (CBOs) have provided critical resources during the pandemic, particularly for marginalized communities, and are trusted liaisons who connect socially and linguistically isolated community members, such as the highly diverse Asian American population, to care during public health emergencies. Stereotypes such as the model minority myth have permeated public perception of Asian Americans' health status and health care access needs, fueling widespread belief that Asian Americans do not experience health disparities, and mask the high rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, hospitalization, and mortality among Asian Americans. The unequal burden of COVID-19 on Asian American communities has largely remained absent from the public health and national discourse, with exceptions such as community voices that have directed news media coverage and leading roles of CBOs in offering culturally adapted, in-language programming on COVID-19 infection prevention and control.CBOs and their staff are well-equipped with the cultural acuity, language capacity, and familiarity with local norms to improve structural gaps affecting health outcomes and support health care delivery.We discuss the roles and responsibilities of CBOs in strengthening the health care workforce and expanding community-clinic linkages and provide two case studies illustrating the efforts of two community organizations serving Asian American and immigrant communities, who have been disproportionally affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.CBOs are essential to supporting health service coordination and care delivery for structurally vulnerable populations, and are vital to sustaining the coordinated, multilevel public health response to improving community health.Bolstering the current infrastructure to support CBOs is necessary to facilitating immediate responses to serve community needs.
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- 2022
10. Evaluation of a Diabetes Prevention Intervention for Korean American immigrants at Risk for Diabetes
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Simona C. Kwon, Laura C. Wyatt, Susan S. Kum, Jennifer M. Zanowiak, Sara S. Kim, Stella S. Yi, Deborah Min, Linda Lee, and Nadia S. Islam
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Health (social science) ,Health Information Management ,Health Policy ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health - Abstract
Despite the small but growing number of studies documenting the increasing prevalence of diabetes among Korean Americans, no culturally adapted interventions have been developed for Korean Americans at risk for diabetes. We evaluate the efficacy of a culturally tailored lifestyle intervention among Korean American immigrants at risk for diabetes in New York City (NYC).Korean Americans at risk for diabetes were recruited into a culturally adapted, community health worker (CHW) intervention in NYC. Treatment group participants received 6 group sessions and 10 follow-up phone calls from CHWs over the 6-month period. Control participants received only the first session. Study outcomes included changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, physical activity (PA) and PA behaviors, nutrition behaviors, and diabetes knowledge. PairedThe treatment group reported significant positive changes in recommended weekly PA, PA self-efficacy, PA barriers, nutrition self-efficacy, diabetes knowledge, weight, BMI, and systolic blood pressure compared with control participants. Generalized estimated equations models for repeated measures assessed change across time while adjusting for study arm, time point, and the interaction between study arm and time point. The intervention effect was significant for weekly moderate and vigorous PA, recommended weekly PA, PA self-efficacy, and diabetes knowledge.Results suggest that a culturally adapted lifestyle intervention for Korean American immigrants at risk for diabetes have the potential to improve behaviors associated with cardiovascular disease outcomes and diabetes prevention. Further research among Korean Americans is warranted.
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- 2022
11. The Mutually Reinforcing Cycle Of Poor Data Quality And Racialized Stereotypes That Shapes Asian American Health
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Stella S. Yi, Simona C. Kwon, Rachel Suss, Lan N. Ðoàn, Iyanrick John, Nadia S. Islam, and Chau Trinh-Shevrin
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Health Policy - Published
- 2022
12. Challenges and recommendations to improve institutional review boards’ review of community-engaged research proposals: A scoping review
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Deborah Onakomaiya, Janet Pan, Timothy Roberts, Holly Tan, Smiti Nadkarni, Marina Godina, Jo Park, Marilyn Fraser, Simona C. Kwon, Antoinette Schoenthaler, and Nadia Islam
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General Medicine - Abstract
Academic and community investigators conducting community-engaged research (CEnR) are often met with challenges when seeking Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval. This scoping review aims to identify challenges and recommendations for CEnR investigators and community partners working with IRBs. Peer-reviewed articles that reported on CEnR, specified study-related challenges, and lessons learned for working with IRBs and conducted in the United States were included for review. Fifteen studies met the criteria and were extracted for this review. Four challenges identified (1) Community partners not being recognized as research partners (2) Cultural competence, language of consent forms, and literacy level of partners; (3) IRBs apply formulaic approaches to CEnR; & (4) Extensive delays in IRB preparation and approval potentially stifle the relationships with community partners. Recommendations included (1) Training IRBs to understand CEnR principles to streamline and increase the flexibility of the IRB review process; (2) Identifying influential community stakeholders who can provide support for the study; and (3) Disseminating human subjects research training that is accessible to all community investigator to satisfy IRB concerns. Findings from our study suggest that IRBs can benefit from more training in CEnR requirements and methodologies
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- 2023
13. Does IV fluid resuscitation improve ultrasound visualization of the appendix?
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O Khilji, D Huang, A Pless, C Kwon, R Gibson, A Kuchinski, and K Lewis
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General Medicine - Published
- 2023
14. Optimization of Swaging Process of Plate-type Fuel Assembly Using Design of Experiments
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Sung il Choi, S. C. Kwon, Y. J. Jeong, Sangho Park, and Hwayoung Song
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Materials science ,Swaging ,Mechanical Engineering ,Design of experiments ,Process (computing) ,Mechanical engineering - Published
- 2021
15. Immigrant Communities and COVID-19: Strengthening the Public Health Response
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Supriya Misra, Stella Chong, Lan N Đoàn, Simona C Kwon, and Stella S Yi
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Employment ,Economic growth ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Research & Analysis ,Social work ,business.industry ,Social distance ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Public health ,Immigration ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,COVID-19 ,Emigrants and Immigrants ,Culturally Competent Care ,Health Services Accessibility ,Racism ,Work (electrical) ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,Public Health ,Social determinants of health ,business ,Socioeconomic status ,media_common - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the many broken fragments of US health care and social service systems, reinforcing extant health and socioeconomic inequities faced by structurally marginalized immigrant communities. Throughout the pandemic, even during the most critical period of rising cases in different epicenters, immigrants continued to work in high-risk-exposure environments while simultaneously having less access to health care and economic relief and facing discrimination. We describe systemic factors that have adversely affected low-income immigrants, including limiting their work opportunities to essential jobs, living in substandard housing conditions that do not allow for social distancing or space to safely isolate from others in the household, and policies that discourage access to public resources that are available to them or that make resources completely inaccessible. We demonstrate that the current public health infrastructure has not improved health care access or linkages to necessary services, treatments, or culturally competent health care providers, and we provide suggestions for how the Public Health 3.0 framework could advance this. We recommend the following strategies to improve the Public Health 3.0 public health infrastructure and mitigate widening disparities: (1) address the social determinants of health, (2) broaden engagement with stakeholders across multiple sectors, and (3) develop appropriate tools and technologies. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(S3):S224–S231. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306433 )
- Published
- 2021
16. Adaptation of a Dietary Screener for Asian Americans
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Agnes Park, Jeannette M. Beasley, Stella S. Yi, Simona C. Kwon, Matthew Lee, Lorna E. Thorpe, and Pasquale E. Rummo
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Consumption (economics) ,education.field_of_study ,Nursing (miscellaneous) ,Asian Indian ,Vietnamese ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,language.human_language ,Health equity ,Asian americans ,Environmental health ,language ,education ,Psychology ,Adaptation (computer science) ,Diversity (politics) ,media_common - Abstract
No brief dietary screeners are available that capture dietary consumption patterns of Asian Americans. The purpose of this article is to describe the cultural adaptation of the validated Dietary Screener Questionnaire (DSQ) for use by clinicians, researchers, and community-based partners seeking to understand and intervene on dietary behaviors among English-speaking Asian Americans, for the six largest Asian subgroups (Chinese, Filipino, Asian Indian, Vietnamese, Korean, Japanese) in the United States. This was mainly accomplished by adding culturally specific examples of foods to the questionnaire items via searching online databases and soliciting input from members of our community partner network representing each of the six largest Asian subgroups. Over half of the 26 items on the DSQ were modified to include more culturally specific foods. Developing high-quality tools that reflect the diversity of the U.S. population are critical to implement nutrition interventions that do not inadvertently widen health disparities.
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- 2021
17. Promoting Physical Activity Among Immigrant Asian Americans: Results from Four Community Health Worker Studies
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Laura C, Wyatt, Carina, Katigbak, Lindsey, Riley, Jennifer M, Zanowiak, Rhodora, Ursua, Simona C, Kwon, Chau, Trinh-Shevrin, and Nadia S, Islam
- Abstract
Racial/ethnic minorities have demonstrated lower rates of physical activity (PA) than non-Hispanic Whites. This study examined outcomes in PA measures after participation in a community health worker (CHW) intervention. We performed a secondary data analysis from four randomized controlled trials utilizing CHWs (n = 842) in New York City (Bangladeshi-diabetes management, Filipino-hypertension management, and Korean and Asian Indian-diabetes prevention). Outcomes included total weekly PA, PA self-efficacy, PA barriers, and PA social interaction. Each measure was examined at baseline and study endpoint. Generalized estimating equation models were fitted to assess the repeated measures over time, while accounting for study group and socio-demographic factors. Moderate PA, recommended PA, and self-efficacy increased significantly among treatment group participants. PA social interaction increased significantly among Filipinos and Asian Indians. In adjusted regression analysis, time x group interaction was significant for all PA outcomes except for PA barriers. Culturally-adapted lifestyle interventions may potentially improve PA-related outcomes in Asian immigrant communities. Trial registration at ClinicalTrials.gov includes: NCT03530579 (RICE Project), NCT02041598 (DREAM Project), and NCT03100812 (AsPIRE).
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- 2022
18. Exploring community knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of Alzheimer's Disease/Alzheimer's Disease‐Related Dementias and healthy ageing in Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders
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Jennifer A. Wong, Deborah K. Min, Julie Kranick, Harini Ushasri, Chau Trinh‐Shevrin, and Simona C. Kwon
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Sociology and Political Science ,Health Policy ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) disparities exist in the rapidly growing and extremely heterogeneous Asian American and Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NH/PI) ageing populations in the United States. Limited community-clinical resources supporting culturally competent and timely diagnosis exacerbate barriers to existing care services in these populations. Community-based participatory research or community-engaged research are proven community-academic research approaches that can support the development and implementation of community-focused programmes to maximise community benefit. The NYU Center for the Study of Asian American Health engaged our national and local community partners to gain a deeper understanding of AD/ADRD in this diverse and growing population, to develop a strategic community-engaged research agenda to understand, address and reduce AD/ADRD disparities among Asian American and NH/PI communities. Findings from an initial scoping review identified significant research gaps. We conducted a series of key informant interviews (n = 11) and a modified Delphi survey (n = 14) with Asian American and NH/PI community leaders and older adult service providers followed by a facilitated group discussion of survey findings to gain consensus on key priority research areas identified in the literature and to determine culturally and contextually appropriate approaches to support AD/ADRD prevention, early identification and treatment in Asian American and NH/PI communities. Future research and health education should focus on raising Asian American and NH/PI basic individual- and community-level awareness about AD/ADRD and leveraging existing community assets to integrate effective engagement strategies to access AD/ADRD services within the healthcare system.
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- 2022
19. Skill of medium-range forecast models using the same initial conditions
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L. Magnusson, D. Ackerley, Y. Bouteloup, J.-H. Chen, J. Doyle, P. Earnshaw, Y. C. Kwon, M. Köhler, S. T. K Lang, Y.-J. Lim, M. Matsueda, T. Matsunobu, R. McTaggart-Cowan, A. Reinecke, M. Yamaguchi, and L. Zhou
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Atmospheric Science - Abstract
In the DIMOSIC (DIfferent MOdels, Same Initial Conditions) project, forecasts from different global medium-range forecast models have been created based on the same initial conditions. The dataset consists of 10-day deterministic forecasts from seven models and includes 122 forecast dates spanning one calendar year. All forecasts are initialized from the same ECMWF operational analyses to minimize the differences due to initialization. The models are run at or near their respective operational resolutions to explore similarities and differences between operational global forecast models. The main aims of this study are: (1) evaluate the forecast skill and how it depends on model formulation, (2) assess systematic differences and errors at short lead times, (3) compare multi-model ensemble spread to model uncertainty schemes, and (4) identify models that generate similar solutions. Our results show that all models in this study are capable of producing high-quality forecasts given a high-quality analysis. But at the same time we find a large variety in model biases, both in terms of temperature errors and precipitation. We are able to identify models whose forecasts are more similar to each other than they are to those of other systems, due to the use of similar model physics packages. However, in terms of multi-model ensemble spread, our results also demonstrate that forecast sensitivities to different model formulations skill are substantial. We therefore believe that the diversity in model design that stems from parallel development efforts at global modeling centers around the world remains valuable for future progress in the numerical weather prediction community.
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- 2022
20. Genetic Screening in Korean Patients with Frontotemporal Dementia Syndrome
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Eun-Joo Kim, Duk L. Na, Hee-Jin Kim, Kyung Won Park, Jae-Hong Lee, Jee Hoon Roh, Jay C. Kwon, Soo Jin Yoon, Na-Yeon Jung, Jee Hyang Jeong, Jae-Won Jang, Kee Hyung Park, Seong Hye Choi, SangYun Kim, Young Ho Park, Byeong C. Kim, Young Chul Youn, Chang-Seok Ki, Seung Hyun Kim, Sang Won Seo, and Young-Eun Kim
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Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,General Neuroscience ,Geriatrics and Gerontology - Abstract
Background: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous group of diseases. Pathogenic variants in the chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72), microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT), and progranulin (GRN) genes are mainly associated with genetic FTD in Caucasian populations. Objective: To understand the genetic background of Korean patients with FTD syndrome. Methods: We searched for pathogenic variants of 52 genes related to FTD, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, familial Alzheimer’s disease, and other dementias, and hexanucleotide repeats of the C9orf72 gene in 72 Korean patients with FTD using whole exome sequencing and the repeat-primed polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Results: One likely pathogenic variant, p.G706R of MAPT, in a patient with behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) and 13 variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) in nine patients with FTD were identified. Of these VUSs, M232R of the PRNP gene, whose role in pathogenicity is controversial, was also found in two patients with bvFTD. Conclusions: These results indicate that known pathogenic variants of the three main FTD genes (MAPT, GRN, and C9orf72) in Western countries are rare in Korean FTD patients.
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- 2022
21. Predictors of Colonoscopy Use Among Asian Indians in New York City, 2003-2016
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Neha Nagpal, Yuhe Xia, Kevin Lin, Matthew Glenn, Sandy Ng, Chau Trinh-Shevrin, Andrea B. Troxel, Simona C. Kwon, and Peter S. Liang
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Background: Indians are among the most under-screened Asian American subgroups, but there is limited data for this population. Methods: Using 2003-2016 the New York City Community Health Survey, we examined the association between sociodemographic and medical factors and up-to-date colonoscopy (defined as colonoscopy within the last 10 years) in Asian Indians using logistic regression over four time periods: 2003-2008, 2009-2012, 2013-2014, 2015-2016. Results: On multivariable analysis, only language was associated with colonoscopy uptake in more than one time period. Compared to participants who preferred English, those who preferred an “Other” language were less likely to be up-to-date on colonoscopy in 2003-2008 (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.04-0.66), while those who preferred an Indian language were less likely to have been up-to-date in 2013-2014 (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02-0.66). Conclusions: Among Asian Indians living in New York City, language appeared to be an important predictor of colonoscopy use and colorectal cancer screening.
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- 2022
22. Guillain-Barre Syndrome Secondary to COVID-19 Infection
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D.H. Tran, Z. Bilgrami, C. Kwon, S. Challa, D. Basra, E. Marciniak, and A.C. Verceles
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- 2022
23. Examining the COMM in COMMunity Policing: Communication Accommodation, Perception, and Trust in Law Enforcement-Suspect Encounters
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Carol Bishop Mills, Andrew C. Kwon, and Kenon A. Brown
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business.industry ,050901 criminology ,05 social sciences ,Law enforcement ,Communication accommodation theory ,Criminology ,050105 experimental psychology ,Legal psychology ,Officer ,Incentive ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Community policing ,0509 other social sciences ,Suspect ,business ,Psychology ,Law ,Accommodation ,Applied Psychology - Abstract
Since the 1980s, community policing has been embraced as the dominant police strategy. Thompson and Jenkins (2013) estimated that 97% of an officer’s time is spent communicatively interacting with the public, indicating a strong incentive to study how communication affects those involved in police interaction. Utilizing communication accommodation theory, this study examines the relationship between accommodation, trust, and overall perceptions of police. An experiment using hypothetical situations was conducted with 257 students at a large, southeastern university in the USA. The data indicates that accommodative behavior can lead suspects to be more trusting of an individual police officer but did not significantly affect their overall perceptions of police officers. There were mixed results related to the effects of consumption of crime television shows indicating a complex relationship between media representation, officer behavior, and trust. We argue that to improve communication between officers and suspects, we need to look beyond the community policing principle, and examine the key communication behaviors that help officers build trust with suspects and more generally in their communities.
- Published
- 2021
24. Disparities in colorectal cancer screening among South Asians in New York City: a cross-sectional study
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Stella S. Yi, Julie A. Kranick, Shilpa Patel, Victoria H. Raveis, Joseph Ravenell, Laura C. Wyatt, Simona C. Kwon, and Nadia Islam
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Cross-sectional study ,Colorectal cancer ,Ethnic group ,Colonoscopy ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Social support ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Healthcare Disparities ,Early Detection of Cancer ,Retrospective Studies ,Asian ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,medicine.disease ,Health equity ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Relative risk ,Community health ,New York City ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Despite improvements in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in New York City (NYC) since the early 2000s, the degree to which disparities persist for specific Asian American subgroups has yet to be fully elucidated. The purpose of this study is to examine disparities in rates of timely colonoscopy screening among five racial/ethnic groups in NYC. We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of combined 2014-2018 NYC Community Health Survey data. Prevalence estimates of timely colonoscopy screening (within the past 10 years) among individuals ≥ 50 years of age were calculated and presented overall (n = 24,288) and by socio-demographic variables. Racial/ethnic categories included White, Black, Hispanic, East Asian, and South Asian. Multivariable models examined socio-demographic and racial/ethnic predictors of timely colonoscopy screening. A trend analysis examined colonoscopy screening by race/ethnicity and year from 2012 to 2018 (n = 33,130). Age-adjusted prevalence of timely colonoscopy screening was lowest among Asian Americans (South Asian 61.1% and East Asian 65.9%) compared to Hispanics (71.3%), Blacks (70.2%), and Whites (68.6%). Adjustment by socio-demographics, including insurance status, further explained disparities for South Asians (adjusted risk ratio [RR] = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.73-0.97) compared to Hispanics; additionally, Whites (adjusted RR=0.88, 95% CI = 0.84-0.92) were less likely to have received a timely colonoscopy compared to Hispanics. Age, health insurance, poverty group, and education were significant predictors in adjusted regression. Results indicate that South Asians have not equally benefited from campaigns to increase colonoscopy screening in NYC. Our findings support the development of targeted, and linguistically and culturally adapted campaigns that facilitate access to health systems and leverage existing community assets and social support systems among South Asian populations.
- Published
- 2021
25. Association Between High Body Fat Percentage and Outcomes after Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Analysis of the NSQIP Database
- Author
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Sargun Virk, Sangrag Ganguli, Ye In C Kwon, and Hassan Aziz
- Subjects
Surgery - Published
- 2022
26. 42P Antitumor activity of zolbetuximab combined with chemotherapy and anti-mouse PD-1 antibody (anti-mPD-1) in a syngeneic mouse model and a virtual preclinical trial using a quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model
- Author
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T. Nakayama, M. Oishi, J. Weng, K. Omori, C. Kwon, T. Nakazawa, T. Nishibata, F. Kinugasa, T. Yoshida, and Y. Nagasaka
- Subjects
Oncology ,Hematology - Published
- 2022
27. Assessing Equitable Inclusion of Underrepresented Older Adults in Alzheimer’s Disease, Related Cognitive Disorders, and Aging-Related Research: A Scoping Review
- Author
-
Nisha Godbole, Simona C Kwon, Jeannette M Beasley, Timothy Roberts, Julie Kranick, Jessica Smilowitz, Agnes Park, Scott E Sherman, Chau Trinh-Shevrin, and Joshua Chodosh
- Subjects
General Medicine ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Gerontology - Abstract
Background and Objectives The rapidly aging and diversifying U.S. population is challenged by increases in prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and aging-related disorders. We conducted a scoping review to assess equitable inclusion of diverse older adult populations in aging research focused on National Institutes of Health (NIH)-sponsored research. Research Design and Methods The scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol. The search was limited to NIH-funded studies focusing on aging, AD, and Alzheimer’s disease-related dementias (ADRD) and included adults aged 55 and older. The priority populations and health disparities put forth by the National Institute on Aging Health Disparities Framework serve as a model for guiding inclusion criteria and for interpreting the representation of these underrepresented groups, including racial-ethnic minorities, socioeconomically disadvantaged, rural populations, groups with disabilities, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning (LGBTQ) communities. Results Our search identified 1,177 records, of which 436 articles were included in the analysis. Inclusion of individuals with ADRD and mild cognitive impairment, racial-ethnic minorities, rural populations, socioeconomically disadvantaged, groups with disabilities, and LGBTQ communities were poorly specified in most studies. Studies used multiple recruitment methods, conducting studies in community settings (59%) and hospitals/clinics (38%) most frequently. Incentives, convenience factors, and sustained engagement via community-based and care partners were identified as key strategies for improved retention. Discussion and Implications This scoping review identified gaps in existing literature and aims for future work, including stronger research focus on, better inclusion of, and improved data collection and reporting of older adults from underrepresented groups.
- Published
- 2022
28. Assessing changes in the food retail environment during the COVID-19 pandemic: opportunities, challenges, and lessons learned
- Author
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Rienna G. Russo, Shahmir H. Ali, Tamar Adjoian Mezzacca, Ashley Radee, Stella Chong, Julie Kranick, Felice Tsui, Victoria Foster, Simona C. Kwon, and Stella S. Yi
- Subjects
Restaurants ,Food ,Residence Characteristics ,Commerce ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,COVID-19 ,Humans ,Pandemics ,Food Supply - Abstract
Background COVID-19 mitigation strategies have had an untold effect on food retail stores and restaurants. Early evidence from New York City (NYC) indicated that these strategies, among decreased travel from China and increased fears of viral transmission and xenophobia, were leading to mass closures of businesses in Manhattan’s Chinatown. The constantly evolving COVID −19 crisis has caused research design and methodology to fundamentally shift, requiring adaptable strategies to address emerging and existing public health problems such as food security that may result from closures of food outlets. Objective We describe innovative approaches used to evaluate changes to the food retail environment amidst the constraints of the pandemic in an urban center heavily burdened by COVID-19. Included are challenges faced, lessons learned and future opportunities. Methods First, we identified six diverse neighborhoods in NYC: two lower-resourced, two higher-resourced, and two Chinese ethnic enclaves. We then developed a census of food outlets in these six neighborhoods using state and local licensing databases. To ascertain the status (open vs. closed) of outlets pre-pandemic, we employed a manual web-scraping technique. We used a similar method to determine the status of outlets during the pandemic. Two independent online sources were required to confirm the status of outlets. If two sources could not confirm the status, we conducted phone call checks and/or in-person visits. Results The final baseline database included 2585 food outlets across six neighborhoods. Ascertaining the status of food outlets was more difficult in lower-resourced neighborhoods and Chinese ethnic enclaves compared to higher-resourced areas. Higher-resourced neighborhoods required fewer phone call and in-person checks for both restaurants and food retailers than other neighborhoods. Conclusions Our multi-step data collection approach maximized safety and efficiency while minimizing cost and resources. Challenges in remote data collection varied by neighborhood and may reflect the different resources or social capital of the communities; understanding neighborhood-specific constraints prior to data collection may streamline the process.
- Published
- 2022
29. Alzheimer's Disease: Key Insights from Two Decades of Clinical Trial Failures
- Author
-
C. Kwon Kim, Yin Rui Lee, Lynnett Ong, Michael Gold, Amir Kalali, and Joydeep Sarkar
- Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Alzheimer Disease ,General Neuroscience ,Humans ,General Medicine ,Geriatrics and Gerontology - Abstract
Given the acknowledged lack of success in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) drug development over the past two decades, the objective of this review was to derive key insights from the myriad failures to inform future drug development. A systematic and exhaustive review was performed on all failed AD compounds for dementia (interventional phase II and III clinical trials from ClinicalTrials.gov) from 2004 to the present. Starting with the initial ∼2,700 AD clinical trials, ∼550 trials met our initial criteria, from which 98 unique phase II and III compounds with various mechanisms of action met our criteria of a failed compound. The two recent reported phase III successes of aducanumab and oligomannate are very encouraging; however, we are awaiting real-world validation of their effectiveness. These two successes against the 98 failures gives a 2.0% phase II and III success rate since 2003, when the previous novel compound was approved. Potential contributing methodological factors for the clinical trial failures were categorized into 1) insufficient evidence to initiate the pivotal trials, and 2) pivotal trial design shortcomings. Our evaluation found that rational drug development principles were not always followed for AD therapeutics development, and the question remains whether some of the failed compounds may have shown efficacy if the principles were better adhered to. Several recommendations are made for future AD therapeutic development. The whole database of the 98 failed compounds is presented in the Supplementary Material.
- Published
- 2022
30. The Mutually Reinforcing Cycle Of Poor Data Quality And Racialized Stereotypes That Shapes Asian American Health
- Author
-
Stella S, Yi, Simona C, Kwon, Rachel, Suss, Lan N, Ðoàn, Iyanrick, John, Nadia S, Islam, and Chau, Trinh-Shevrin
- Subjects
Asian ,Racial Groups ,Emigrants and Immigrants ,Humans ,Minority Groups ,Article ,Data Accuracy - Abstract
The Asian American Health Narrative reflects a long history of structural racism in the US and the complex interplay of racialized history, immigrant patterns, and policies regarding Asians in the US. Yet owing to systemic issues in data collection including missing or misclassified data for Asian Americans and practices that lead to indiscriminate grouping of unlike individuals (fo example, Chinese, Vietnamese, and Bangladeshi) together in data systems and pervasive stereotypes of Asian Americans, the drivers and experiences of health disparities experienced by these diverse groups remain unclear. The perpetual exclusion and misrepresentation of Asian American experiences in health research is exacerbated by three racialized stereotypes – the model minority, healthy immigrant effect, and perpetual foreigner – that fuel scientific and societal perceptions that Asian Americans do not experience health disparities. This codifies racist biases against the Asian American population in a mutually reinforcing cycle. In this article we describe the poor-quality data infrastructure and biases on the part of researchers and public health professionals, and we highlight examples from the health disparities literature. We provide recommendations on how to implement systems-level change and educational reform to infuse racial equity in future policy and practice for Asian American communities.
- Published
- 2022
31. Determinants of Depression Risk among Three Asian American Subgroups in New York City
- Author
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Simona C. Kwon, Shahmir H. Ali, Jennifer Wong, Supriya Misra, Chau Trinh-Shevrin, Laura C. Wyatt, Nadia Islam, Stella S. Yi, and Cindy Y. Huang
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Epidemiology ,Ethnic group ,Southeast asian ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Racism ,Residence Characteristics ,Risk Factors ,Asian americans ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,medicine ,Original Report: Mental Health Across the Lifecourse ,Humans ,East Asia ,Asia, Southeastern ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Aged ,Language ,Insurance, Health ,030505 public health ,Asian ,Depression ,Asia, Eastern ,business.industry ,Public health ,Communication Barriers ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Mental health ,Needs assessment ,Educational Status ,Female ,New York City ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Objective: Although the fastest growing minority group, Asian Americans receive little attention in mental health research. Moreover, aggregated data mask further diversity within Asian Americans. This study aimed to examine depression risk by detailed Asian American subgroup, and further assess determinants within and between three Asian ethnic subgroups. Methods: Needs assessment surveys were collected in 16 Asian American subgroups (six Southeast Asian, six South Asian, and four East Asian) in New York City from 2013-2016 using community-based sampling strategies. A final sample of N=1,532 completed the PHQ-2. Bivariate comparisons and multivariable logistic models explored differences in depression risk by subgroup. Results: Southeast Asians had the greatest depression risk (19%), followed by South Asians (11%) and East Asians (9%). Among Southeast Asians, depression risk was associated with lacking health insurance (OR=.2, 95% CI: 0-.6), not having a provider who speaks the same language (OR=3.2, 95% CI: 1.3-8.0), and lower neighborhood social cohesion (OR= .94, 95% CI: .71-.99). Among South Asians, depression risk was associated with greater English proficiency (OR=3.9, 95% CI: 1.6-9.2); and among East Asians, depression risk was associated with ≤ high school education (OR=4.2, 95% CI: 1.2-14.3). Additionally, among Southeast Asians and South Asians, the highest depression risk was associated with high levels of discrimination (Southeast Asian: OR=9.9, 95% CI: 1.8-56.2; South Asian: OR=7.3, 95% CI: 3.3-16.2). Conclusions: Depression risk and determinants differed by Asian American ethnic subgroup. Identifying factors associated with depression risk among these groups is key to targeting limited public health resources for these underserved communities. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(4):553-562; doi:10.18865/ed.30.4.553
- Published
- 2020
32. Alzheimer’s Disease and its Related Dementias among Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders: A Scoping Review
- Author
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Simona C. Kwon, Sahnah Lim, Young-Jin Sohn, Sadia Mohaimin, Deborah Min, Jazmine Wong, Chau Trinh-Shevrin, Timothy T. Roberts, and Ragavan Sivanesathurai
- Subjects
Gerontology ,Population ageing ,Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ,Population ,Psychological intervention ,PsycINFO ,Hawaii ,Article ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Alzheimer Disease ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Asian ,General Neuroscience ,General Medicine ,Outreach ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Systematic review ,Pacific islanders ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Psychology ,Citation ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background: The Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AANHPI) aging population is rapidly growing and the burden of Alzheimer’s disease and its related dementias (ADRD) will likely mirror this demographic growth. AANHPIs face significant barriers in obtaining timely ADRD diagnosis and services; yet little is known about ADRD in this population. Objective: The study objective is to conduct a systematic review on the published literature on ADRD among AANHPIs to identify gaps and priorities to inform future research and action plans. Methods: The systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA Protocol for Systematic Reviews. Co-author (TR), an experienced Medical Librarian, searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central of Clinical Trials, Ageline, and Web of Science for peer-reviewed articles describing ADRD among AANHPIs. The search was not limited by language or publication date. Each citation was reviewed by two trained independent reviewers. Conflicts were resolved through consensus. Results: The title/abstract and full texts of 1,447 unique articles were screened for inclusion, yielding 168 articles for analysis. Major research topics included prevalence, risk factors, comorbidities, interventions and outreach, knowledge and attitudes, caregiving, and detection tools. A limited number of studies reported on national data, on NHPI communities generally, and on efficacy of interventions targeting AANHPI communities. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review on ADRD among AANHPI populations. Our review provides a first step in mapping the extant literature on ADRD among this underserved and under-researched population and will serve as a guide for future research, policy, and intervention.
- Published
- 2020
33. Stress Reactivity in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
- Author
-
C. Kwon Kim, Jill A. Osborn, and Joanne Weinberg
- Published
- 2022
34. HTA199 The Reality of Living Systematic Literature Reviews to Support Timely Healthcare Decisions: A Case Study in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
- Author
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C He, Z Chen, C Kwon, M Musat, J Liu, G Sarri, and A Forsythe
- Subjects
Health Policy ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health - Published
- 2022
35. HTA145 Living Network Meta-Analysis for Up-to-Date Comparative Effectiveness: A Case Study in Multiple Myeloma Maintenance
- Author
-
O Egunsola, A Verhoek, J Liu, K Thorlund, B Heeg, C Kwon, and A Forsythe
- Subjects
Health Policy ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health - Published
- 2022
36. Chronic Steroid Use in Patients Undergoing Liver Resection: Does It Affect Outcomes?
- Author
-
Ye In C Kwon, Yong K Kwon, Martin D Goodman, Martin Hertl, and Hassan Aziz
- Subjects
Surgery - Published
- 2022
37. The importance of community and culture for the recruitment, engagement, and retention of Chinese American immigrants in health interventions
- Author
-
Liwei Zhang, William Tsai, Simona C. Kwon, James S Park, and Yi-Ling Tan
- Subjects
Gerontology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Immigration ,Population ,Psychological intervention ,Emigrants and Immigrants ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,Intervention (counseling) ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Survivors ,education ,Applied Psychology ,media_common ,Chinese americans ,education.field_of_study ,030505 public health ,Asian ,Health Equity ,Health equity ,Intervention research ,Culturally sensitive ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology - Abstract
Chinese Americans experience cancer health disparities throughout the entire cancer continuum. Yet, they remain underrepresented in health research in part due to barriers in recruitment, engagement, and retention. This paper describes the strategies that we devised, by drawing upon our experiences with conducting two culturally sensitive cancer intervention studies, to help researchers improve their recruitment and retention rates of Chinese Americans in health research and address the gap in knowledge on intervention research with this population. The first study assessed the efficacy, adoption, and impact of an intervention, delivered by community health workers, to improve adherence to recommended stomach cancer prevention guidelines for at-risk Chinese Americans. The second study evaluated the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a culturally adapted version of the Expressive Helping intervention for Chinese American cancer patients and survivors. Our main recruitment strategies revolved around building community relationships, developing culturally sensitive materials, and establishing good first impressions with participants. Our main engagement and retention strategies focused on attending to cultural sensitivity, fostering relationships, and using technology. Harnessing the community’s inherent strengths and prioritizing cultural understanding is crucial for culturally sensitive health research with Chinese Americans.
- Published
- 2021
38. Gender Differences in Acculturative Stress and Habitual Sleep Duration in Korean American Immigrants
- Author
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Rida Gharzeddine, Robin Whittemore, Chorong Park, Simona C. Kwon, Tanya M. Spruill, Nancy S. Redeker, and Mark Butler
- Subjects
Adult ,Employment ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,Health Status ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Immigration ,Psychological intervention ,Emigrants and Immigrants ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Sex Factors ,0302 clinical medicine ,Republic of Korea ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Social isolation ,Disengagement theory ,Aged ,media_common ,030505 public health ,Asian ,Loneliness ,Public health ,Stressor ,Age Factors ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Middle Aged ,Sleep in non-human animals ,United States ,Acculturation ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Mental Health ,Social Isolation ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Sleep ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,Stress, Psychological ,Demography - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Korean American immigrants (KAIs) face diverse sociocultural stressors in the acculturation process. While stress is known to cause short sleep, little is known about how acculturative stress affects sleep differently for KAI men and women. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine gender differences in the association between diverse domains of acculturative stress and sleep duration among KAIs. METHODS: Middle-aged KAIs were recruited in community settings and online. KAIs completed validated measures of acculturative stress (homesickness, social isolation, employment barriers, discrimination, civic disengagement, and family problems) and sleep duration. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed and stratified by gender. RESULTS: 343 KAIs participated (mean age = 41±10 years, 47% female, 11% short sleepers [
- Published
- 2019
39. Prevalence and Correlates of Cultural Smokeless Tobacco Products among South Asian Americans in New York City
- Author
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Simona C. Kwon, Benjamin H. Han, Scott E. Sherman, Nadia Islam, Chau Trinh-Shevrin, and Laura C. Wyatt
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Tobacco, Smokeless ,Health (social science) ,South asia ,Adolescent ,genetic structures ,Psychological intervention ,Ethnic group ,Community-based participatory research ,Logistic regression ,Article ,Tobacco Use ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030225 pediatrics ,Asia, Western ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Aged ,Analysis of Variance ,Asian ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Middle Aged ,United States ,Logistic Models ,Smokeless tobacco ,Community health ,Female ,New York City ,Self Report ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of smokeless tobacco (SLT) use in South Asia, little is known about the use of cultural smokeless tobacco among South Asians in the United States (US). This study examines the prevalence and correlates of SLT products among South Asians living in New York City (NYC). A total of 602 South Asians living in NYC completed a community health needs and resource assessment and answered questions about the use of SLT. Multivariable logistic regression models were run to examine predictors of SLT use (ever and current use). A total of 28.2% South Asian individuals reported ever use of SLT (35.9% among men and 21.5% among women) and a total of 12.9% reported current use of SLT (16.5% among men and 9.7% among women). Logistic regression models were stratified by sex. Among men, factors associated with ever or current use included: Bangladeshi and Himalayan ethnic subgroup, speaking English very well, attending a religious service a few times a year (ever use only), and current or former cigarette smoking. Among women, factors associated with ever use included: Bangladeshi ethnic subgroup, self-reporting condition of mouth and teeth as fair/poor, and at risk for depression. No factors were significant among women for current use. Overall, prevalence of current and ever use of SLT is high, and important differences exist by sex. Future studies are needed to better understand SLT use patterns in South Asian communities in the US and to inform culturally relevant interventions aiming to decrease overall tobacco use.
- Published
- 2019
40. EE305 Economic Burden in Adult Patients with Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) Receiving Second-Line Therapy: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR)
- Author
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C Kwon, AA Nair, S Harricharan, and X Zhang
- Subjects
Health Policy ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health - Published
- 2022
41. Biomechanical Analysis in the Lower Extremities During Walking with a Four Wheeled Walker (Rollator) Using the Motion Analysis System
- Author
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H. J. Lee, Y. R. Cho, S. R. Choi, H. C. Kwon, and K. S. Tae
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Motion analysis ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Computer science ,Joint angle ,Joint moment ,medicine - Published
- 2018
42. Acceptability of capnography-assisted respiratory therapy: a new mind-body intervention for COPD
- Author
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Yinxiang Wu, Naomi M. Simon, Roberta M. Goldring, Linda Ehrlich-Jones, Jonathan Whiteson, Alicia Pierre, Eileen G. Collins, Kyle MacDonald, Andrea B. Troxel, Joan Reibman, Greg Sweeney, Francois Haas, Anna Migliore Norweg, Simona C. Kwon, and Anne Skamai
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Cart ,medicine.medical_specialty ,COPD ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Motivational interviewing ,Biofeedback ,medicine.disease ,Distress ,Patient satisfaction ,Original Research Articles ,Physical therapy ,Medicine ,Anxiety ,Pulmonary rehabilitation ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Dyspnoea self-management is often suboptimal for patients with COPD. Many patients with COPD experience chronic dyspnoea as distressing and disabling, especially during physical activities. Breathing therapy is a behavioural intervention that targets reducing the distress and impact of dyspnoea on exertion in daily living. Using a qualitative design, we conducted interviews with 14 patients after they participated in a novel mind–body breathing therapy intervention adjunct, capnography-assisted respiratory therapy (CART), combined with outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation. Comprehensive CART consisted of patient-centred biofeedback, tailored breathing exercises, a home exercise programme and motivational interviewing counselling. We assessed participants’ perceptions and reported experiences to gauge the acceptability of CART and refine CART based on feedback. Constant comparative analysis was used to identify commonalities and themes. We identified three main themes relating to the acceptability and reported benefits of CART: (1) self-regulating breathing; (2) impact on health; and (3) patient satisfaction. Our findings were used to refine and optimise CART (i.e. its intensity, timing and format) for COPD. By addressing dysfunctional breathing behaviours and dysregulated interoception, CART offers a promising new paradigm for relieving dyspnoea and related anxiety in patients with COPD., Capnography-assisted respiratory therapy (CART) is a new adjunctive mind–body therapy. Patients with COPD find CART to be acceptable and to complement pulmonary rehabilitation. https://bit.ly/3iP4glN
- Published
- 2021
43. Increased telomere length in patients with frontotemporal dementia syndrome
- Author
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Eun-Joo Kim, Seong-Ho Koh, Jungsoon Ha, Duk L. Na, Sang Won Seo, Hee-Jin Kim, Kyung Won Park, Jae-Hong Lee, Jee Hoon Roh, Jay C. Kwon, Soo Jin Yoon, Na-Yeon Jung, Jee H. Jeong, Jae-Won Jang, Kee Hyung Park, Seong Hye Choi, SangYun Kim, Young Ho Park, Byeong C. Kim, Young-Eun Kim, Hyuk Sung Kwon, Hyun-Hee Park, and Jeong-Hwa Jin
- Subjects
Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Disease ,Primary progressive aphasia ,Alzheimer Disease ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Humans ,Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ,Vascular dementia ,Dementia with Lewy bodies ,business.industry ,Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Syndrome ,Telomere ,medicine.disease ,nervous system diseases ,Neurology ,Frontotemporal Dementia ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Frontotemporal dementia - Abstract
Background Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences of TTAGGG at the ends of chromosomes. Many studies have shown that telomere shortening is associated with aging-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, cancer, and various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, Parkinson's disease, and dementia with Lewy bodies. However, changes in telomere length (TL) in patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) syndrome are unclear. Accordingly, in this study, we assessed TL in blood samples from patients with FTD syndrome. Methods Absolute TL was measured in peripheral blood leukocytes from 53 patients with FTD syndromes (25 with behavioral variant FTD, 19 with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia [PPA], six with nonfluent/agrammatic variant PPA, and three with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [ALS] plus) and 28 cognitively unimpaired (CU) controls using terminal restriction fragment analysis. Results TL was significantly longer in the FTD group than in the CU group. All FTD subtypes had significantly longer TL than controls. There were no significant differences in TL among FTD syndromes. No significant correlations were found between TL and demographic factors in the FTD group. Conclusions Longer telomeres were associated with FTD syndrome, consistent with a recent report demonstrating that longer telomeres are related to ALS. Therefore, our results may support a shared biology between FTD and ALS. More studies with larger sample sizes are needed.
- Published
- 2021
44. The Impact of Structural Inequities on Older Asian Americans During COVID-19
- Author
-
Lan N Ðoàn, Simona C. Kwon, Kris Pui Kwan Ma, Adrian Matias Bacong, and Stella S. Yi
- Subjects
Inclusion (disability rights) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Immigration ,Ethnic group ,Telehealth ,Racism ,COVID-19 Testing ,Political science ,Pandemic ,Humans ,Social determinants of health ,older adults ,media_common ,Aged ,Intersectionality ,Asian ,SARS-CoV-2 ,aging ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,COVID-19 ,Asian Americans ,Perspective ,Demographic economics ,Public Health ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,intersectionality - Abstract
Structural racism manifests as an historical and continued invisibility of Asian Americans, whose experiences of disparities and diverse needs are omitted in research, data, and policy. During the pandemic, this invisibility intersects with rising anti-Asian violence and other persistent structural inequities that contribute to higher COVID-19 mortality in older Asian Americans compared to non-Hispanic whites. This perspective describes how structural inequities in social determinants of health—namely immigration, language and telehealth access, and economic conditions—lead to increased COVID-19 mortality and barriers to care among older Asian Americans. Specifically, we discuss how the historically racialized immigration system has patterned older Asian immigrant subpopulations into working in frontline essential occupations with high COVID-19 exposure. The threat of “public charge” rule has also prevented Asian immigrants from receiving eligible public assistance including COVID-19 testing and vaccination programs. We highlight the language diversity among older Asian Americans and how language access remains unaddressed in clinical and non-clinical services and creates barriers to routine and COVID-19 related care, particularly in geographic regions with small Asian American populations. We discuss the economic insecurity of older Asian immigrants and how co-residence in multigenerational homes has exposed them to greater risk of coronavirus transmission. Using an intersectionality-informed approach to address structural inequities, we recommend the disaggregation of racial/ethnic data, meaningful inclusion of older Asian Americans in research and policy, and equitable investment in community and multi-sectoral partnerships to improve health and wellbeing of older Asian Americans.
- Published
- 2021
45. Antibacterial Activity of Senkyunolide A Isolated from
- Author
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Tae Y, Kim, Hyuk C, Kwon, Sang Y, Lee, Chun M, Lee, Kwang S, Lee, and Kun K, Lee
- Subjects
Plant Extracts ,Propionibacterium acnes ,Cnidium ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Benzofurans - Abstract
In this study, we investigated the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of
- Published
- 2021
46. Disparities in Sources of Added Sugars and High Glycemic Index Foods in Diets of US Children, 2011–2016
- Author
-
Vanessa Salcedo, Simona C. Kwon, Brandilyn A. Peters, Bei Wu, Vivian H.C. Wang, Stella S. Yi, and Rienna Russo
- Subjects
Male ,National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ,Population ,Ethnic group ,Added sugar ,01 natural sciences ,Whole grains ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,High glycemic index ,Dietary Sucrose ,Diabetes mellitus ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,0101 mathematics ,Child ,education ,Original Research ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,010102 general mathematics ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Nutrition Surveys ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,United States ,Diet ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Female ,business - Abstract
Introduction Added sugars and high glycemic index (GI) foods might play a role in cardiometabolic pathogenesis. Our study aimed to describe the top sources of added sugars and types of high GI foods in diets of children by race/ethnicity. Methods We examined data for 3,112 children, aged 6 to 11 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011 to 2016. Mean intake was estimated and linear regression models tested for differences by race/ethnicity. Population proportions for food sources were created and ranked, accounting for survey weighting when appropriate. Results Asian American and Mexican American children had the lowest reported added sugar intake. Cereals were observed to contribute highly to added sugar intake. Soft drinks did not contribute as much added sugar intake for Asian American children as it did for children of other races/ethnicities. Asian American children consumed significantly more high GI foods than other groups. Types of high GI foods differed meaningfully across racial/ethnic groups (ie, Mexican American: burritos/tacos; other Hispanic, White, and Black: pizza; Asian American: rice). Rice accounted for 37% of total high GI foods consumed by Asian American children. Conclusions Sources of added sugars and types of high GI foods in children's diets vary across racial/ethnic groups. Targeting foods identified as top sources of added sugars for all race/ethnicities and focusing on substitution of whole grains may reduce obesity, diabetes, and related cardiometabolic risk more equitably.
- Published
- 2020
47. Novel Approach of Spatial Modulation: Polarization-Aware OFDM Subcarrier Allocation
- Author
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Samnangdona An, Hen-Geul Yeh, Sean S.-C. Kwon, and Lucas A. Gutierrez
- Subjects
business.industry ,Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing ,Computer science ,Electronic engineering ,Wireless ,Word error rate ,Demodulation ,business ,Polarization (waves) ,Spatial modulation ,Subcarrier ,Efficient energy use - Abstract
6th Generation (6G) wireless communication seriously considers energy efficient systems aligned with the green energy technology. The novel spatial modulation (SM) scheme utilizing the polarization domain is proposed to improve SM demodulation error rate. The cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) can be estimated via incorporating multi-polarized antenna elements at the receiver (Rx). The XPD enhances the performance in classification of antenna indices at the Rx. Further, the practical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system is considered for SM; subcarrier allocation algorithm utilizing the XPD is proposed with remarkable improvement of the system performance in terms of SM error rate.
- Published
- 2020
48. Survival in Korean Patients with Frontotemporal Dementia Syndrome: Association with Behavioral Features and Parkinsonism
- Author
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Na-Yeon Jung, Kee Hyung Park, Sang Won Seo, Hee Jin Kim, Jee Hoon Roh, Jae-Hong Lee, Kyung Won Park, Jay C. Kwon, Jee Hyang Jeong, Soo Jin Yoon, Byeong C. Kim, Young Ho Park, SangYun Kim, Jae-Won Jang, Young Chul Youn, Dong Won Yang, Seong Hye Choi, Duk L. Na, and Eun-Joo Kim
- Subjects
mental disorders ,frontotemporal dementia ,survival ,abnormal behavior ,parkinsonism ,General Medicine ,nervous system diseases - Abstract
We investigated the survival time of each clinical syndrome of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and the impacts of behavioral and motor features on survival of FTD. A total of 216 patients with FTD [82 behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD), 78 semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA), 43 non-fluent/agrammatic variant PPA (nfvPPA), 13 FTD-motor neuron disease (MND)] were enrolled from 16 centers across Korea. Behaviors and parkinsonism were assessed using the Frontal Behavioral Inventory and Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III, respectively. The Kaplan–Meier method was used for the survival analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model was applied for analysis of the effect of behavioral and motor symptoms on survival, after controlling vascular risk factors and cancer. An overall median survival of FTD was 12.1 years. The survival time from onset was shortest for FTD-MND and longest for svPPA. The median survival time of patients with bvFTD was unavailable but likely comparable to that of patients with nfvPPA. In the bvFTD group, negative behavioral symptoms and akinetic rigidity were significantly associated with survival. In the nfvPPA group, the presence of dysarthria had a negative impact on survival. These findings provide useful information to clinicians planning for care.
- Published
- 2022
49. Improving Asian American health during the Syndemic of COVID-19 and racism
- Author
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Anne Saw, Stella S. Yi, Lan N. Ðoàn, Janice Y. Tsoh, Aggie J. Yellow Horse, Simona C. Kwon, Raynald Samoa, Nia Aitaoto, and David T. Takeuchi
- Subjects
General Medicine - Published
- 2022
50. PRO3 Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of Evidence on Clinical, Humanistic, and Economic Burden for Patients Who Have Undergone the Fontan Procedure
- Author
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S. Grieve, A. Senatore, A. Forsythe, J. Wyckmans, and C. Kwon
- Subjects
Fontan procedure ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Systematic review ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,medicine ,Intensive care medicine ,business - Published
- 2021
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