Search

On the 100th anniversary of the death of Max Dvořák the Institute of Art History of the Czech Academy of Sciences is staging a conference on the legacy of the Vienna School.

В центре исследования находится фигура русского учёного-эмигранта, ихтиолога и гидробиолога Бориса Сергеевича Костомарова (1897–1974). Почти вся его научная карьера была связана с моравским городом Брно и располагавшейся там Высшей сельскохозяйственной школой. Уникальность случая Костомарова, в отличие от большинства эмигрантов, состоит в том, что он поступательно делал карьеру и в масариковской Первой республике, и во время немецкой оккупации, и в социалистической Чехословакии. После Второй мировой войны Костомаров стал активистом Коммунистической партии Чехословакии, сделал резкий карьерный рывок. На жизни и работе учёного во второй половине 1940-х — начале 1970-х гг. сосредоточена представленная статья. В ней делается акцент на участии Костомарова в советизации чехословацкой науки и высшего образования, предпринимается попытка понять мотивы его поступков, проанализировать его отношение к ключевым событиям послевоенной чехословацкой истории, включая Пражскую весну. Особое внимание уделено взаимоотношениям Костомарова с коллегами, а равно с партийными и государственными органами. Пример Костомарова был нетипичен для русских эмигрантов, его успешная карьера не имела аналогов. Несмотря на ряд поступков, сомнительных с моральной точки зрения, злодеем в науке его назвать нельзя. Нет никаких свидетельств о прямом участии Костомарова в идеологических кампаниях, причастности к репрессиям и удалению конкурентов из профессии. Его уместнее считать молчаливым соучастником советизации чехословацкой интеллектуальной жизни. Причём это соучастие сочеталось с пропагандой реальных достижений российской и советской биологической науки, а также с проведением актуальных исследований. Невзирая на неоднозначные поступки в социалистический период, Костомаров бесспорно принадлежал к числу лиц, оставивших глубокий след в послевоенной чехословацкой науке., The article is dedicated to the biography of Boris Sergeevich Kostomarov (1897–1974), a Russian émigré scientist, ichthyologist and hydrobiologist. Almost all his life he worked in the Moravian city of Brno at the Higher Agricultural School. The uniqueness of the Kostomarov case, unlike the majority of émigrés, is that he progressively pursued a career in Masaryk’s First Republic, during the German occupation, and in socialist Czechoslovakia. After World War II, Kostomarov became an activist of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, making a dramatic career breakthrough. This article focuses on his life and work in the second half of the 1940s — early 1970s, particularly on his participation in the Sovietisation of Czechoslovak science and education, and attempts to understand the motives of his actions, to analyse his attitude to key events in post-war Czechoslovak history, including the Prague Spring. Particular attention is given to Kostomarov’s relations with colleagues, as well as with the Party and government bodies. Kostomarov’s example was extremely atypical for Russian émigrés. His successful career associated with high integration in the Czechoslovak environment was perhaps unparalleled. Despite a number of morally questionable actions, he cannot be called a destroyer of science. There is no evidence of Kostomarov’s direct participation in devastating ideological campaigns, nor was he involved in repressions and removing competitors from the profession. It is more appropriate to regard him as a tacit accomplice in the Sovietisation of Czechoslovak intellectual life. Moreover, this complicity was combined with the propaganda of real achievements of Russian and Soviet biological science as well as with conducting topical research. Despite his controversial actions during the socialist period, Kostomarov made a significant contribution to post-war Czechoslovak science.

There are many different types of places in any city. These places include playgrounds, dog runs, cultural heritage sites and many more. A city usually wants to provide information about location and equipment of these places. The common way is via a city website. However, nowadays a much more common source of information are mobile applications. This article deals with a development of a mobile application for the Brno-North district of Brno city. The application is designed to inform the citizens of the city district about interesting places in their vicinity. The central element of the application is a map which shows where all the interesting places are located. The application is focused primarily on families; however, it can be useful for any citizen of the district. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

Daily rhythmical patterns in the city are investigated in depth in this paper. The city is conceptualised here as a cyclical process and described by a sequence of relatively stable spatial-temporal stages. The concept of a chronotope is incorporated in the analysis of retail opening hours in the middle-sized city of Brno (Czech Republic), in order to identify distinct fusions of specific times and specific retail places and to examine their position within the daily rhythms of the city. There are distinct time-space retail configurations (chronotopes), which play crucial roles in the social negotiation and imagination of basic temporal categories, such as early morning, late morning, lunchtime, afternoon, evening, as being taken-for-granted in the urban context. More generally, the paper offers an example of the ways in which the specific daily rhythms of the city are produced and structured.

Exhibition review

In a growing interest in spatial visualisation of historical data emphasized within the field of the new cinema history, identifying the methodologies, their benefits as well as obstacles, is crucial for the development of optimal approaches to the research of the past of the local film culture. The main goal of this paper is to introduce several possibilities of treatment of historical data in a geospatial context. On the case study on the local cinema history and culture in Brno, the Czech Republic, during the 1930s, this paper proposes methodologies of visualisation and analysis of historical data transferred to the spatial context, identifies the challenges of visualisation of ambiguous qualitative data and introduces the treatment of temporal dimension of data within geographical space. This paper aspires to become a contribution to growing field of spatial approaches to cinema history. It proposes several methodologies of how to visualize, analyse and understand historical data in spatial-temporal context.

The article focuses on the presentation of the temporary results of the qualitative ethnological research concerning the Ukrainian minority in Brno, Czech Republic. It is aimed on the description of the basic principles of the life of the diaspora in Brno and expressing the ethnic identity of the Ukrainians. After the introductory part author defines the methodological approach as well as the techniques used while carrying out the research. Following part of the article is aimed on characterizing the main attributes of the Ukrainian ethnic identity according to the informants. Moreover, the perception of the presence of the Ukrainian diaspora in Brno is illustrated by the conclusions acquired from the open-ended interviews with the Czech participants.

Anthropogenic landforms are attractive landscape structures. They are linked to the cultural elements of the landscape and they also support biodiversity on the landscape level. Concerning their position within heritage concepts, anthropogenic landforms can be seen as a bridge between natural and cultural heritages. This paper is focused on the relevance of anthropogenic landforms to landscape management and planning. The study is based on the concept of geomorphosites, which can be applied within sustainable management and the conservation of geomorphological heritage. The case study was applied in the urban area of Brno (Czech Republic). The results of the study indicated the importance of anthropogenic landforms for urban landscape conservation and sustainable tourism development. The assessment of landforms in the study area enabled to establish a set of recommendations for the sustainable management of anthropogenic landforms in Brno. This study suggested the assessment of anthropogenic landforms as a support tool for sustainable landscape management in urban areas.

Článek rozebírá rozdíly mezi představami o "ideálním městě" v komunistickém a post-komunistickém v urbánním plánování. Nejprve nabízí přehled akademických prací, které buď líčí ideje plánování za komunistického režimu, anebo popisují představy propagované v praxi plánování od 90. let 20. století v post-komunistických zemích. Ve druhém kroku text analyzuje reprezentace "ideálního města" v koncepcích plánování připravených pro město Brno v letech 1951, 1966, 1973, 2002 a 2007. Poznatky z literatury o "post/komunistickém" plánování ukazují na podobnost mezi urbánním plánováním v Brně a několika dalších městech. Srovnání idejí o žádoucím městském rozvoji pro město Brno během uplynulých šesti dekád však také poukazuje na určitou neměnnost reprezentací "ideálního města" v "komunistickém" a "post-komunistickém" plánování.

Studie analyzuje obrazy města Brna obsažené v prvních ročnících časopisu Brünner Heimatbote v letech 1948–1950. Tento časopis patří mezi tzv. Heimatblätter, které byly a jsou vydávány odsunutými Němci v SRN. Autorka nejdříve charakterizuje jeho specifika a zamýšlí se nad možnostmi využití informací v něm obsažených pro své výzkumné otázky. Následně vyčleňuje obrazy spojené s prostorem města, jeho historií, charakteristickými rysy života jeho obyvatel a snaží se ukázat tyto ustálené obrazy (stereotypy) v kontextu česko-německých vztahů a politického diskursu po druhé světové válce.

The contribution aims to describe development of the ethnological research of the City Brno as the part of Czech - and former Czechoslovak - urban ethnology. Shortened it deals with the beginnings of research in 50ies of the 20th century, with methods and results of research and, in more details, it describes interdisciplinary projects after 1989. In recent decades there were realised such important projects like Das multikulturelle Brunn an der Schwelle zum EU-Beitritt (Multicultural Brno entering European Union), or Memory of the town, and interdisciplinary project based on sociological and geographical quantitative analysis Socio-Spatial Consequences of Demographic Change for East Central European Cities where ethnology played the role of science based on qualitative analysis and methods. The main part of contribution defines the cultural identity of Brno´ citizens and interethnical relations, as well, as the result of repetitive field research and from the point of view of ethnology.

The characteristics of open spaces between residential buildings have, as authors suppose, an impact on the sustainable development of urban areas. Spatial arrangement and accessibility of these spaces, the type and height of surrounding buildings, the quantity and character of greenery, and many more characteristics influence the quality of environment, and the quality of life of local residents. These and further characteristics of the open spaces between residential buildings influence the ecological stability of the area, its hygienic qualities, the intensity and way of using by various social groups, and also the prices of real estates. These qualities indicate the environmental, social and economic sustainability of the urban area. The proposed research methodology assessed specific indicators of sustainability within a range from 0 to 10 points. 5 points correspond to the general standard in the area, 0 points indicate degradation, and 10 points indicate the highest contribution to sustainable development. Observation methods, questionnaire survey, statistical analyses, and methods of measurement were used to determine the values of the given indicators. The paper analyses the impact of the open spaces between residential buildings on sustainability via the case studies performed in the Central European cities of Brno, Czech Republic and Vienna, Austria. Two forms of residential urban structures in the City of Brno in the Czech Republic were selected for the analysis: the closed courtyards in the urban block from the 19th century and the open spaces in the housing estates constructed under socialism in the 20th century. The question is, if the different forms of spaces between residential buildings influence the sustainability of urban area and satisfaction of inhabitants in different ways. A complementary case study in Vienna indicates that inhabitants of a housing estate in Vienna, as well as inhabitants of housing estates in Brno, highly appreciate the meaning of large green open spaces between buildings. The paper presents results of basic research. The results indicate that the sustainability of open housing estate forms is higher than the authors expected.

Slawische Gemeinsamkeit und auch politische Ursachen brachten nach dem Ersten Weltkriege zwei neue Staaten, zusammen, Jugoslawien und Tschechoslowakei. Kulturelle Beziehungen waren sehr lebendig (sie waren auch aktuell vor dem Kriege) auf dem musikalischen Gebiete, in dem Konzertsaal, in der Oper. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit erhob die Oper Koštana (1929) von Petar Konjovic, mit der Premiere in damaligen Jugoslawien in 1931 (Zagreb, Belgrad Ljubljana), die sie auch nach Tschechoslowakei brachte. Nach der Aufführung in dem Nationaltheater Brno/Brünn (ins Tschechisch übersetzt von Zdenek Knittl), September 1932, für deren Erfolg sich der tschechische Dirigent Zdenek Chalabala sehr engagiert hatte, kam die Oper Koštana in die Sphäre der künstlerischen Aufmerksamkeit des Westens (z. B. Universal war sehr interessiert) und dabei auf die Szene des Prager Nationaltheater 1935, auch unter der Leitung von Chalabala. Seine Anstrengungen waren keine blosse Höflichkeit, überbieten jedenfalls eine normale zwischenstaatliche Kurtoasie und auch beide Nationaltheater, nich ohne Verdienst dieses Dirigenten stellten ihre beste Besetzungen dem serbischen Tonsätzer zur Verfügung. Leider verhinderte der Zweite Weltkrieg Koštanas "Drang nach Westen". In der Nachkriegszeit erlebte diese Oper eine Premiere in Bratislava (Slowakei 1948), und noch ein Gastspiel der Belgrader Oper in Warschau (l960). In der Korrespondenz Konjovic - Chalabala handelt sich um die Vorbereitungen der beiden tschechischen Premieren und um die Bearbeitung der Koštana, von Chalabala initiert und von dem Komponisten durchgeführt oder autorisiert. Der Briefumtausch dauerte 1932-1940, mit cca 100 Schreiben (hier nur ein Viertel geschildert). Ein Teil der Korrespondenz, die Briefe von Konjovic zu Chalabala, kamen auf private Weise von der Dirigenten Witwe Bela Rosumova (Opernsängerin, Brünner Koštana) durch die damalige pensionierte Solistin der Zagreber Oper, Marta Wellar-Rak (übrigens Übersetzerin ins Deutsch der Texte in den Kompositionen von Konjovic) zu Autorin dieser Präsentation. Die Briefe von Konjovic zu Chalabala haben keine Signatur, wie auch die ganze Korrespondenz von Konjovic, die sich wie der komplete Nachlass des Komponisten in dem Musikwissenschaftlichen Institut SANU in Belgrad befindet. Als wichtigste Resultat dieser Zusammenarbeit, entstand, nach beiden Premieren, ein neues Bild der Oper (statt 5 hat Koštana in endgültiger Fassung 6 Bilder), dass Konjovic iM Jahren 1936-8 komponierte. Bald nach der Prager Aufführung von Koštana bekam Chalabala den Dirigentenpost in dem Nationaltheater der Hauptstadt. In dieser Zeit kam auch wegen der Koštanas Erfolge eine Verehrung des serbischen Komponisten: er wurde zum ausländischen Mitglied der Tschechischen Akademie der Wissenschaften gewählt (vorher waren das Igor Stravinsky und Karol Szymanovski). Die Premiere der "neuen" Koštana fand in Belgrader Nationaltheater 1940 statt, leider ohne Zdenek Chalabala als Gast am Pult, was Konjovic eifrig wünschte. (Statt Chalabala war es Lovro Matačić). In derselben Version wurde die Oper nach dem Kriege in Jugoslawien in Zagreb und Belgrad aufgeführt, auch in Slowakei. Die Korrespondenz Chalabala - Konjovic schildert eine interessante musikalische Welt in Mitteleuropa 30-en Jahren, mit heute fast vergessenen Persönlichkeiten, wie die hervorragenden tschechischen Opernsänger, auch die serbischen Regisseure, Komponisten, Dramaturgen, Musikwissenschaftler und Herausgeber Međuratna prepiska između dva istaknuta muzičara iz Jugoslavije i Čehoslovačke, kompozitora Petra Konjovića i dirigenta Zdenjeka Halabale (Chalabala), prikazuje izvođenje opere Koštana na češkim pozornicama, u Brnu i Pragu, 1932. i 1935. godine. Za ove prilike došlo je do prerade kompleksnog muzičko-scenskog dela kakva je Koštana, za šta je inicijativu dobrim delom davao dirigent opere u Brnu, Zdenjek Halabala. Retuširanje i dopunjavanje partiture odvijalo se preko pisama, na relaciji Brno - Zagreb, kasnije Prag -Zagreb ili Prag - Beograd. U periodu 1932-1940, koliko je prepiska trajala razmenjeno je oko 100 pisama, uglavnom sačuvanih u kompozitorovoj zaostavštini.

The main factors influencing the spatiotemporal variability of urban climate are quite widely recognized, including, for example, the thermal properties of materials used for surfaces and buildings, the mass, height and layout of the buildings themselves and patterns of land use. However, the roles played by particular factors vary from city to city with respect to differences in geographical location, overall size, number of inhabitants and more. In urban climatology, the concept of “local climate zones” (LCZs) has emerged over the past decade to address this heterogeneity. In this contribution, a new GIS-based method is used for LCZ delimitation in Prague and Brno, the two largest cities in the Czech Republic, while land surface temperatures (LSTs) derived from LANDSAT and ASTER satellite data are employed for exploring the extent to which LCZ classes discriminate with respect to LSTs. It has been suggested that correctly-delineated LCZs should demonstrate the features typical of LST variability, and thus, typical surface temperatures should differ significantly among most LCZs. Zones representing heavy industry (LCZ 10), dense low-rise buildings (LCZ 3) and compact mid-rise buildings (LCZ 2) were identified as the warmest in both cities, while bodies of water (LCZ G) and densely-forested areas (LCZ A) made up the coolest zones. ANOVA and subsequent multiple comparison tests demonstrated that significant temperature differences between the various LCZs prevail. The results of testing were similar for both study areas (89.3% and 91.7% significant LST differences for Brno and Prague, respectively). LSTs computed from LANDSAT differentiated better between LCZs, compared with ASTER. LCZ 8 (large low-rise buildings), LCZ 10 (heavy industry) and LCZ D (low plants) are well-differentiated zones in terms of their surface temperatures. In contrast, LCZ 2 (compact mid-rise), LCZ 4 (open high-rise) and LCZ 9 (sparsely built-up) are less distinguishable in both areas analyzed. Factors such as seasonality and thermal anisotropy remain a challenge for future research into LST differences.

Článek rekapituluje poznání raně středověkého brněnského hradu, dosažené k roku 2007. Článek rekapituluje poznání raně středověkého brněnského hradu, dosažené k roku 2007. ...

On Photographing Modern Architecture: The Studio of Rudolf Sandalo

Tento článek porovnává výsledky dotazníkového šetření zaměřeného na spokojenost obyvatel, které v rámci projektu GA17-26104S: Vliv charakteru a umístění urbanistické struktury na udržitelný rozvoj území proběhlo v pěti brněnských obytných souborech. Obytné soubory, ve kterých průzkum probíhal, byly vybrány tak, aby zastupovaly odlišné typy urbanistických struktur. Vyhodnocení dotazníkového šetření by tak mohlo přispět k vysvětlení vztahu mezi urbanistickou strukturou a spokojeností obyvatel. This study compares the results of a questionnaire survey focused on residential satisfaction. The survey was a part of the GA17-26104S project and was undertaken in five different residential areas in Brno. These residential areas were selected to represent different types of urban structures. The evaluation of the results of the questionnaire survey could thus contribute to explaining the relationship between urban structure and residential satisfaction.

The article analyzes the semantic field around the world human and it’s individual subfields in the urban dialect of Brno and Poznan from germanism’s point of view. The analysis carried out in the context of a comparative reveal differences and common ground between the material and indicate their reasons for referring to the context of the historical-cultural-socially.

The article analyzes the urban dialects germanisms in Brno and Poznan from the field man. Cities don’t neighbour to each other and they weren’t In contact never before, so semantic structure of germanisms reflects both the differences due to the nature the specifics of each of the urban centers, and common features resulting from the current perception of reality (among Rother things attitudes to anthropocentrism) or common of historical-social-cultural phenomenons, which shared Brno and Poznan.