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1. Duration of ruptured membranes and vertical transmission of HIV-1: a meta-analysis from 15 prospective cohort studies

Author: Bulterys, M. B., Fowler, M. G., Hanson, I. C., Lemay, M., Mayaux, M. J., Mofenson, L., Newell, M. -L., Peavy, H., Peckham, C., Read, J. S., Rother, C., Simpson, B. J., Van Dyke, R. B., Harris, D. R., Peavy, H. H., Easley, K., Khammy, A., Nugent, R. P., Mitchell, R., Owen, W., Van Dyke, R., Widmayer, S., Bardeguez, A., Hanson, C., Wiznia, A., Luzuriaga, K., Viscarello, R., Ho, D., Koup, R., Chen, I., Krogstad, P., Mullins, J., Wolinsky, S., Korber, B., Walker, B., Ammann, A., Clapp, S., Mcdonald, D., Lapointe, N., Boucher, M., Fauvel, M., Hankins, C., Samson, J., Newell, M. L., Peckham, C. S., Thorne, C. N., Giaquinto, C., Ruga, E., De Rossi, A., Truscia, D., Grosch-Worner, I., Schafer, A., Mok, J., Johnstone, F., Jiminez, J., de Alba, C., Garcia Rodriguez, M. C., Bates, I., de Josee, I., Hawkins, F., Martinez Zapico, R., Pena, J. M., Gonzalez Garcia, J., Arribas Lopez, J. R., Asensi-Botet, F., Otero, M. C., Peerez-Tamarit, D., Moya, A., Galbis, M. J., Scherpbier, H., Boer, K., Bohlin, A. B., Lindgren, S., Anzen, B., Belfrage, E., Lidin-Jansson, G., Levy, J., Barlow, P., Hainaut, M., Peltier, A., Ferrazin, A., De Maria, A., Gotta, C., Mur, A., Vinolas, M., Paya, A., Loepez-Vilchez, M. A., Coll, O., Fortuny, C., Boguna, J., Casellas Caro, M., Canet, Y., Pardi, G., Ravizza, M., Semprini, E., Castagna, C., Fiore, S., Guerra, B., Lanari, M., Bianchi, S., Bovicelli, L., Prati, E., Zanelli, S., Duse, M., Soresina, A., Scaravelli, G., Stegagno, M., De Santis, M., Muggiasca, M. L., Vigano, A., Spinillo, A., Ravagni Probizer, F., Bucceri, A., Rancilio, L., Taylor, G. P., Lyall, H., Penn, Z., Blott, M., Valerius, N. H., Martinelli, P., Buffolano, W., Tibaldi, C., Ziarati, N., Semprini, A., Della Torre, M., Parazzini, F., Dallacasa, P., Bianchi, U., Pachi, A., Mancuso, S., Villa, P., Conti, M., Principi, N., Muggiasca, M., Marchisio, P., Zara, C., Ravagni, F., Vignali, M., Rossi, G., Selvaggi, L., Greco, P., Vimercati, A., Massi, G., Innocenti, T., Fiscella, A., Sansone, M., Benedetto, C., Tadrist, B., Thevenieau, D., Gondry, J., Paulard, B., Alisy, C., Brault, D., Tordjeman, N., Mamou, J., Rozan, M., Colombani, D., Pincemaille, O., Salvetti, A., Chabanier, C., Hernandorena, X., Leroy, J., Schaal, J., Balde, P., Faucher, P., Lachassinne, E., Benoit, S., Douard, D., Hocke, C., Barjot, P., Brouard, J., Delattre, P., Stien, L., Audibert, F., Labrune, P., Vial, M., Mazy, F., Sitbon, D., Crenn-Hebert, C., Floch-Tudal, C., Akakpo, R., Daveau, C., Leblanc, A., Cesbron, P., Duval-Arnould, M., Huraux-Rendu, C., Lemerle, S., Touboul, C., Guerin, M., Maingueneau, C., Reynaud, I., Rousseau, T., Ercoil, V., Lanza, M., Denavit, M., Garnier, J., Lahsinat, K., Pia, P., Allouche, C., Nardou, M., Grall, F., May, A., Dallot, M., Lhuillier, P., Cecile, W., Mezin, R., Bech, A., Lobut, J., Algava, G., Chalvon Dermesay, A., Busuttil, R., Jacquemot, M., Bader-Meunier, B., Fridman, S., Codaccioni, X., Maxingue, F., Thomas, D., Alain, J., De Lumley, L., Tabaste, J., Bailly Salin, P., Seaume, H., Guichard, A., Kebaill, K., Roussouly, C., Botto, C., De Lanete, A., Wipff, P., Cravello, L., De Boisse, P., Leclaire, M., Michel, G., Crumiere, C., Lefevre, V., Le Lorier, B., Pauly, I., Robichez, B., Seguy, D., Delhinger, M., Rideau, F., Talon, P., Benos, P., Huret, C., Nicolas, J., Heller-Roussin, B., Saint-Leger, S., Delaporte, M., Hubert, C., De Sarcus, B., Karoubi, P., Mechinaud, F., Bertcrottiere, D., Bongain, A., Monpoux, F., De Gennes, C., Devianne, F., Nisand, I., Rousset, M., Mouchnino, G., Muray, J., Munzer, M., Quereux, C., Brossard, V., Clavier, B., Allemon, M., Rotten, D., Stephan, J., Varlet, M., Guyot, B., Narcy, P., Bardinet, F., De Caunes, F., Jeny, R., Robin, M., Raison Boulley, A., Savey, L., Berrebi, A., Tricoire, J., Borderon, J., Fignon, A., Guillot, F., Maria, B., Broyard, A., Chitrit, Y., Firtion, G., Mandelbrot, L., Lafay Pillet, M., Parat, S., Boissinot, C., Garec, N., Levine, M., Ottenwalter, A., Schaller, F., Vilmer, E., Courpotin, C., Brunner, C., Ciraru-Vigneron, N., Hatem-Gantzer, G., Fritel, X., Wallet, A., Bouille, J., Milliez, J., Bensaid Mrejen, D., Dermer, E., Noseda, G., Bardou, D., Cressaty, J., Francoual, C., Carlus Moncomble, C., Cohen, H., Blanche, S., Bastion, H., Benifla, J., Benkhatar, F., Berkane, N., Hervee, F., Ronzier, M., Mayaux, Mj., de Martino, M., Tovo, P. -A., Galli, L., Gabiano, C., Ferraris, G., Garetto, S., Palomba, E., Riva, C., Vierucci, A., de Luca, M., Farina, S., Fundaro, C., Genovese, O., Mereu, G., Forni, G. L., Casadei, A., Zuccotti, G. V., Riva, E., Cellini, M., Baraldi, C., Consolini, R., Palla, G., Ruggeri, M., Ciccimarra, F., Guarino, A., Osimani, P., Benaglia, G., Romano, A., De Mattia, D., Caselli, D., Boni, S., Dell'Erba, G., Bassanetti, F., Sticca, M., Timpano, C., Magnani, C., Salvatore, C., Lipreri, R., Tornaghi, R., Pinzani, R., Cecchi, M. T., Bezzi, T., Battisti, L., Bresciani, E., Castelli Gattinara, G., Nasi, C., Pellegatta, A., Mazza, A., Baldi, F., Altobelli, R., Deiana, M., Colnaghi, C., Tarallo, L., Tondo, U., Anastasio, E., Chiriaco, P. G., Ruggeri, C., Scott, G., Hutto, C., O'Sullivan, M., Malmsberry, A., Willoughby, A., Burns, D., Goedert, J., Landesman, S., Minkoff, H., Mendez, H., Holman, S., Rubinstein, A., Durako, S., Muenz, L., Goodwin, S., Bryson, Y., Dillon, M., Nielsen, K., Boyer, P., Liao, D., Keller, M., Deveikis, A., Nesheim, S., Lindsay, M., Lee, F., Nahmias, A., Sawyer, M., Vink, P., Farley, J., Alger, L., Abrams, E., Bamji, M., Lambert, G., Schoenbaum, E., Thomas, P., Weedon, J., Palumbo, P., Denny, T., Oleske, J., Bulterys, M., Simonds, R., Ethier-Ives, J., Rogers, M., Schluchter, M., Kutner, M., Kaplan, S., Kattan, M., Lipshultz, S., Mellins, R., Shearer, W., Sopko, G., Sloand, E., Wu, M., Kind, C., Nadal, D., Rudin, C., Siegrist, C. -A., Wyler, C. -A., Cheseaux, J. -J., Aebi, C., Gnehm, H., Schubiger, G., Klingler, J., Hunziker, U., Kuchler, H., Gianinazzi, M., Buhlmann, U., Biedermann, K., Lauper, U., Irion, O., Brunelli, A., Spoletini, G., Schreyer, A., Hosli, I., Saurenmann, E., Drack, G., Isenschmid, M., Poorbeik, M., Schupbach, J., Perrin, L., Erb, P., Joller, H., Kovacs, A., Stek, A., Chan, L., Khoury, M., Diaz, C., Pacheco-Acosta, E., Tuomala, R., Cooper, E., Mesthene, D., Pitt, J., Higgins, A., Moroso, G., Rich, K., Turpin, D., Cooper, N., Davenny, K., Thompson, B., Andiman, W., Simpson, J., THE INTERNATIONAL PERINATAL HIV, Group, Martinelli, Pasquale, Bulterys M.B., Fowler M.G., Hanson I.C., Lemay M., Mayaux M.J., Mofenson L., Newell M.-L., Peavy H., Peckham C., Read J.S., Rother C., Simpson B.J., Van Dyke R.B., Harris D.R., Peavy H.H., Easley K., Khammy A., Nugent R.P., Mitchell R., Owen W., Van Dyke R., Widmayer S., Bardeguez A., Hanson C., Wiznia A., Luzuriaga K., Viscarello R., Ho D., Koup R., Chen I., Krogstad P., Mullins J., Wolinsky S., Korber B., Walker B., Ammann A., Clapp S., McDonald D., Lapointe N., Boucher M., Fauvel M., Hankins C., Samson J., Newell M.L., Peckham C.S., Thorne C.N., Giaquinto C., Ruga E., De Rossi A., Truscia D., Grosch-Worner I., Schafer A., Mok J., Johnstone F., Jiminez J., de Alba C., Garcia Rodriguez M.C., Bates I., de Josee I., Hawkins F., Martinez Zapico R., Pena J.M., Gonzalez Garcia J., Arribas Lopez J.R., Asensi-Botet F., Otero M.C., Peerez-Tamarit D., Moya A., Galbis M.J., Scherpbier H., Boer K., Bohlin A.B., Lindgren S., Anzen B., Belfrage E., Lidin-Jansson G., Levy J., Barlow P., Hainaut M., Peltier A., Ferrazin A., De Maria A., Gotta C., Mur A., Vinolas M., Paya A., Loepez-Vilchez M.A., Coll O., Fortuny C., Boguna J., Casellas Caro M., Canet Y., Pardi G., Ravizza M., Semprini E., Castagna C., Fiore S., Guerra B., Lanari M., Bianchi S., Bovicelli L., Prati E., Zanelli S., Duse M., Soresina A., Scaravelli G., Stegagno M., De Santis M., Muggiasca M.L., Vigano A., Spinillo A., Ravagni Probizer F., Bucceri A., Rancilio L., Taylor G.P., Lyall H., Penn Z., Blott M., Valerius N.H., Martinelli P., Buffolano W., Tibaldi C., Ziarati N., Semprini A., Della Torre M., Parazzini F., Dallacasa P., Bianchi U., Pachi A., Mancuso S., Villa P., Conti M., Principi N., Muggiasca M., Marchisio P., Zara C., Ravagni F., Vignali M., Rossi G., Selvaggi L., Greco P., Vimercati A., Massi G., Innocenti T., Fiscella A., Sansone M., Benedetto C., Tadrist B., Thevenieau D., Gondry J., Paulard B., Alisy C., Brault D., Tordjeman N., Mamou J., Rozan M., Colombani D., Pincemaille O., Salvetti A., Chabanier C., Hernandorena X., Leroy J., Schaal J., Balde P., Faucher P., Lachassinne E., Benoit S., Douard D., Hocke C., Barjot P., Brouard J., Delattre P., Stien L., Audibert F., Labrune P., Vial M., Mazy F., Sitbon D., Crenn-Hebert C., Floch-Tudal C., Akakpo R., Daveau C., Leblanc A., Cesbron P., Duval-Arnould M., Huraux-Rendu C., Lemerle S., Touboul C., Guerin M., Maingueneau C., Reynaud I., Rousseau T., Ercoil V., Lanza M., Denavit M., Garnier J., Lahsinat K., Pia P., Allouche C., Nardou M., Grall F., May A., Dallot M., Lhuillier P., Cecile W., Mezin R., Bech A., Lobut J., Algava G., Chalvon Dermesay A., Busuttil R., Jacquemot M., Bader-Meunier B., Fridman S., Codaccioni X., Maxingue F., Thomas D., Alain J., De Lumley L., Tabaste J., Bailly Salin P., Seaume H., Guichard A., Kebaill K., Roussouly C., Botto C., De Lanete A., Wipff P., Cravello L., De Boisse P., Leclaire M., Michel G., Crumiere C., Lefevre V., Le Lorier B., Pauly I., Robichez B., Seguy D., Delhinger M., Rideau F., Talon P., Benos P., Huret C., Nicolas J., Heller-Roussin B., Saint-Leger S., Delaporte M., Hubert C., De Sarcus B., Karoubi P., Mechinaud F., Bertcrottiere D., Bongain A., Monpoux F., De Gennes C., Devianne F., Nisand I., Rousset M., Mouchnino G., Muray J., Munzer M., Quereux C., Brossard V., Clavier B., Allemon M., Rotten D., Stephan J., Varlet M., Guyot B., Narcy P., Bardinet F., De Caunes F., Jeny R., Robin M., Raison Boulley A., Savey L., Berrebi A., Tricoire J., Borderon J., Fignon A., Guillot F., Maria B., Broyard A., Chitrit Y., Firtion G., Mandelbrot L., Lafay Pillet M., Parat S., Boissinot C., Garec N., Levine M., Ottenwalter A., Schaller F., Vilmer E., Courpotin C., Brunner C., Ciraru-Vigneron N., Hatem-Gantzer G., Fritel X., Wallet A., Bouille J., Milliez J., Bensaid Mrejen D., Dermer E., Noseda G., Bardou D., Cressaty J., Francoual C., Carlus Moncomble C., Cohen H., Blanche S., Bastion H., Benifla J., Benkhatar F., Berkane N., Hervee F., Ronzier M., Mayaux MJ., de Martino M., Tovo P.-A., Galli L., Gabiano C., Ferraris G., Garetto S., Palomba E., Riva C., Vierucci A., de Luca M., Farina S., Fundaro C., Genovese O., Mereu G., Forni G.L., Casadei A., Zuccotti G.V., Riva E., Cellini M., Baraldi C., Consolini R., Palla G., Ruggeri M., Ciccimarra F., Guarino A., Osimani P., Benaglia G., Romano A., De Mattia D., Caselli D., Boni S., Dell'Erba G., Bassanetti F., Sticca M., Timpano C., Magnani C., Salvatore C., Lipreri R., Tornaghi R., Pinzani R., Cecchi M.T., Bezzi T., Battisti L., Bresciani E., Castelli Gattinara G., Nasi C., Pellegatta A., Mazza A., Baldi F., Altobelli R., Deiana M., Colnaghi C., Tarallo L., Tondo U., Anastasio E., Chiriaco P.G., Ruggeri C., Scott G., Hutto C., O'Sullivan M., Malmsberry A., Willoughby A., Burns D., Goedert J., Landesman S., Minkoff H., Mendez H., Holman S., Rubinstein A., Durako S., Muenz L., Goodwin S., Bryson Y., Dillon M., Nielsen K., Boyer P., Liao D., Keller M., Deveikis A., Nesheim S., Lindsay M., Lee F., Nahmias A., Sawyer M., Vink P., Farley J., Alger L., Abrams E., Bamji M., Lambert G., Schoenbaum E., Thomas P., Weedon J., Palumbo P., Denny T., Oleske J., Bulterys M., Simonds R., Ethier-Ives J., Rogers M., Schluchter M., Kutner M., Kaplan S., Kattan M., Lipshultz S., Mellins R., Shearer W., Sopko G., Sloand E., Wu M., Kind C., Nadal D., Rudin C., Siegrist C.-A., Wyler C.-A., Cheseaux J.-J., Aebi C., Gnehm H., Schubiger G., Klingler J., Hunziker U., Kuchler H., Gianinazzi M., Buhlmann U., Biedermann K., Lauper U., Irion O., Brunelli A., Spoletini G., Schreyer A., Hosli I., Saurenmann E., Drack G., Isenschmid M., Poorbeik M., Schupbach J., Perrin L., Erb P., Joller H., Kovacs A., Stek A., Chan L., Khoury M., Diaz C., Pacheco-Acosta E., Tuomala R., Cooper E., Mesthene D., Pitt J., Higgins A., Moroso G., Rich K., Turpin D., Cooper N., Davenny K., Thompson B., Andiman W., and Simpson J.
Subjects: Time Factors, Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Transmission, Prevention of perinatal transmission, Extraembryonic Membranes, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Cohort Studies, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, INFECTION, Vertical, Immunology and Allergy, HIV Infection, MOTHER-TO-CHILD, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Prospective cohort study, prevention of perinatal transmission, vertical transmission, obstetrics/gynaecology, epidemiology, Obstetrics, Transmission (medicine), Infectious, HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS, MOTHER-TO-CHILD, ZIDOVUDINE PROPHYLAXIS, RISK-FACTORS, TYPE-1, PREGNANCY, INFECTION, TRIAL, PREVENTION, Breast Feeding, Infectious Diseases, Meta-analysis, HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS, Vertical transmission, Regression Analysis, TRIAL, Female, Delivery, Obstetrics gynaecology, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factor, Ruptured membranes, Immunology, Regression Analysi, NO, ZIDOVUDINE PROPHYLAXIS, Extraembryonic Membrane, medicine, Humans, TYPE-1, business.industry, Risk Factor, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Obstetric, Delivery, Obstetric, Newborn, PREVENTION, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Pregnancy Complications, Obstetrics/gynaecology, RISK-FACTORS, Cohort Studie, business
Abstract: Objective: To test the a priori hypothesis that longer duration of ruptured membranes is associated with increased risk of vertical transmission of HIV. Design: The relationship between duration of ruptured membranes and vertical transmission of HIV was evaluated in an individual patient data meta-analysis. Methods: Eligible studies were prospective cohort studies including at least 100 mother-child pairs, from regions where HIV-infected women are counselled not to breastfeed. Analyses were restricted to vaginal deliveries and non-elective Cesarean sections; elective Cesarean section deliveries (those performed before onset of labour and before rupture of membranes) were excluded. Results: The primary analysis included 4721 deliveries with duration of ruptured membranes ≤ 24 h. After adjusting for other factors known to be associated with vertical transmission using logistic regression analysis to assess the strength of the relationship, the risk of vertical HIV transmission increased approximately 2% with an increase of 1 h in the duration of ruptured membranes [adjusted odds ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.04; for each 1 h increment]. There were no significant interactions of duration of ruptured membranes with study cohort or with any of the covariates, except maternal AIDS. Among women diagnosed with AIDS, the estimated probability of transmission increased from 8% to 31% with duration of ruptured membranes of 2 h and 24 h respectively (P < 0.01). Conclusions: These results support the importance of duration of ruptured membranes as a risk factor for vertical transmission of HIV and suggest that a diagnosis of AIDS in the mother at the time of delivery may potentiate the effect of duration of ruptured membranes. © 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Published: 2001
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2. Treatment with icatibant in the management of drug induced angioedema

Author: Bertazzoni, Giuliano, Bresciani, E, Cipollone, L, Fante, E, and Galandrini, Ricciarda
Subjects: drug induced angioedema, Anti-Allergic Agents, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Bradykinin B2 Receptor Antagonists, Humans, Female, Off-Label Use, Angioedema, Bradykinin, Aged
Abstract: Acute, drug-induced angioedema may not respond to standard therapies, because the pathogenetic mechanism that induces the pathology is not always mediated by histamine but, in certain instances, by bradykinin. A case of angioedema is reported here, in which allergic etiology was excluded by the non-response to antihistamines. Considering the clinical history (repeated use of drugs) and the ineffectiveness of standard therapy, it was decided to administer a beta2 receptor antagonist, icatibant. After 20 minutes, the patient reported a subjective improvement. The only form of angioedema for which this type of medication is licensed is the hereditary deficiency of C1 inhibitor. The use of icatibant for the treatment of other types of angioedema (which can also be life-saving if the airway is involved) is off label. The off-label use of a drug is allowed in the absence of a viable alternative therapy, if there is scientific evidence in the literature and if the prescriber takes responsibility. The case here reported draws attention to this therapeutic problem and underlines the fact that a life-threatening emergency can justify the use of icatibant.
Published: 2015

3. Proprietà anticonvulsivanti di ligandi del recettore GHS-R1a

Author: Biagini G., Giordano, C., Lucchi, C., Marchiò, M., Bresciani, E., Torsello, A., and Giulia Curia
Published: 2014

4. The Mode of Delivery and the Risk of Vertical Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 — A Meta-Analysis of 15 Prospective Cohort Studies

Author: Andiman, W., Boucher, M., Burns, D., Bryson, Y., Farley, J., Fowler, H., Gabiano, C., Galli, L., Hutto, C., Kind, C., Korber, B., Kovacs, A., Krogstad, P., Landesman, S., Lapointe, N., Lemay, M., Lew, J., Mandelbrot, L., Mayaux, Mj, Mellins, R., Minkoff, H., Mofenson, L., Nielsen, K., Newell, Ml, Pardi, G., Peavy, H., Peckham, C., Read, J., Rother, C., Rudin, C., Scott, G., Semprini, A., Shearer, W., Simonds, R., Simpson, B., Stek, A., Tovo, Pa, Tuomala, R., Dyke, R., Weedon, J., Martino, M., Lindsay, M., Belair, S., Chan, L., Harris, D., Kalish, L., Muenz, L., Nugent, R., Schluchter, M., Durako, S., Goodwin, S., Mitchell, R., Nourjah, P., Owen, W., Widmayer, S., Bardeguez, A., Hanson, C., Wiznia, A., Luzuriaga, K., Viscarello, R., Ho, D., Koup, R., Chen, I., Mullins, J., Wolinsky, S., Walker, B., Ammann, A., Clapp, S., Mcdonald, D., Fauvel, M., Hankins, C., Samson, J., Bailey, A., Giaquinto, C., Ruga, E., Rossi, A., Truscia, D., Grosch-Worner, I., Schafer, A., Mok, J., Johnstone, F., Jiminez, J., Alba, C., Garcia-Rodriguez, M., Bates, I., Jose, I., Hawkins, F., Zapico, Rm, Asensi-Botet, F., Otero, M., Perez-Tamarit, D., Moya, A., Galbis, M., Scherpbier, H., Boer, K., Bohlin, A., Lindgren, S., Ehrnst, A., Anzen, B., Belfrage, E., Levy, J., Alimenti, A., Barlow, P., Ferrazin, A., Maria, A., Gotta, C., Maritati, V., Mur, A., Rovira, M., Paya, A., Coll, O., Fortuny, C., Boguna, J., Caro, Mc, Canet, Y., Ravizza, M., Castagna, C., Fiore, S., Guerra, B., Lanari, M., Bianchi, S., Bovicelli, L., Prati, E., Duse, M., Soresina, A., Scaravelli, G., Santis, M., Muggiasca, M., Vigano, A., Marchisio, P., Iasci, A., Spinillo, A., Bucceri, A., Grossi, E., Rancilio, L., Della Torre, M., Dallacasa, P., Pachi, A., Principi, N., Zara, C., Vignali, M., Rossi, G., Selvaggi, L., Greco, P., Vimercati, A., Massi, G., Innocenti, T., Fiscella, A., Sansone, M., Benedetto, C., Tibaldi, C., Ziarati, N., Tadrist, B., Thevenicau, D., Gondry, J., Paulard, B., Alisy, C., Brault, D., Tordjeman, P., Mamou, J., Rozan, M., Colombani, D., Pincemaille, O., Salvetti, A., Chabanier, C., Hernandorena, X., Leroy, J., Schaal, J., Balde, P., Faucher, P., Lachassinne, E., Benoit, S., Douard, D., Hocke, C., Barjot, P., Brouard, J., Delattre, P., Stien, L., Audibert, F., Labrune, P., Vial, M., Mazy, F., Sitbon, D., Crenn-Hebert, C., Floch-Tudal, C., Akakpo, R., Daveau, C., Leblanc, A., Cesbron, P., Duval-Arnould, H., Huraux-Rendu, C., Lemerle, S., Touboul, C., Guerin, M., Maingueneau, C., Reynaud, I., Rousseau, T., Ercoil, V., Lanza, M., Denavit, M., Garnier, J., Lahsinat, K., Pia, R., Allouche, C., Nardou, M., Grall, F., May, A., Dallot, M., Lhuillier, P., Cecile, W., Mezin, R., Bech, A., Lobut, J., Algava, G., Dermesay, Ac, Busuttil, R., Jacquemot, M., Bader-Meunier, B., Fridman, S., Codaccioni, X., Maxingue, F., Thomas, D., Alain, J., Lumley, L., Tabaste, J., Salin, Pb, Seaume, H., Guichard, A., Kebaili, K., Roussouly, C., Botto, C., Lanete, A., Wipff, P., Cravello, L., Boisse, P., Leclaire, M., Michel, G., Crumiere, C., Lefevre, V., Le Lorier, B., Pauly, I., Robichez, B., Seguy, D., Dehlinger, M., Rideau, F., Talon, P., Benos, P., Huret, C., Nicolas, J., Heller-Roussin, B., Saint-Leger, S., Delaporte, M., Hubert, C., Sarcus, B., Karoubi, P., Mechinaud, F., Bertcrottiere, D., Bongain, A., Monpoux, F., Gennes, C., Devianne, F., Nisand, I., Rousset, M., Mouchnino, G., Muray, J., Munzer, M., Quereux, C., Brossard, V., Clavier, B., Allemon, M., Rotten, D., Stephan, J., Varlet, M., Guyot, B., Narey, P., Bardinet, F., Caunes, F., Jeny, R., Robin, M., Bouley, Ar, Savey, L., Berrebi, A., Tricoire, J., Borderon, J., Fignon, A., Guillot, F., Maria, B., Broyard, A., Chitrit, Y., Firtion, G., Pillet, Ml, Parat, S., Boissinot, C., Garec, N., Levine, M., Ottenwalter, A., Schaller, F., Vilmer, B., Courpotin, C., Brunner, C., Ciraru-Vigneron, N., Hatem-Gantzer, G., Xavier FRITEL, Wallet, A., Bouille, J., Milliez, J., Mrejen, Db, Dermer, E., Noseda, G., Bardou, D., Cressaty, J., Francoual, C., Moncomble, Cc, Cohen, H., Blanche, S., Bastion, H., Benifla, J., Benkhatar, F., Berkane, N., Herve, F., Ronzier, M., Ferraris, G., Rancillo, L., Tulisso, S., Scolfaro, C., Riva, C., Vierucci, A., Luca, M., Farina, S., Fundaro, C., Genovese, O., Mercu, G., Forni, G., Stegagno, M., Falconieri, P., Zuccotti, G., Riva, E., Cellini, M., Baraldi, C., Consolini, R., Palla, G., Ruggeri, M., Pignata, C., Guarino, A., Osimani, P., Metri, A., Antonellini, A., Benaglia, G., Romano, A., Mattia, D., Caselli, D., Boni, S., Erba, G., Bassanetti, F., Sticca, M., Timpano, C., Magnani, C., Salvatore, C., Gambaretto, G., Lipreri, R., Tornaghi, R., Pinzani, R., Cecchi, M., Bezzi, T., Battisti, L., Bresciani, E., Gattinara, G., Berrino, R., Pellegatta, A., Mazza, A., Baldi, F., Micheletti, E., Altobelli, R., Deiana, M., Colnaghi, C., Tarallo, L., Tondo, U., Anastasio, E., Chiriaco, P., Contardi, I., Ruggeri, C., Ibba, P., O Sullivan, M., Malmsberry, A., Willoughby, A., Goedert, J., Mendez, H., Holman, S., Rubinstein, A., Nesheim, S., Clark, S., Lee, F., Nahmias, A., Sawyer, M., Vink, P., Alger, L., Abrams, E., Bamji, M., Lambert, G., Schoenbaum, E., Thea, D., Thomas, P., Palumbo, P., Denny, T., Oleske, J., Orloff, S., Ethier-Ives, J., Rogers, M., Kutner, M., Kaplan, S., Kattan, M., Lipshultz, S., Sopko, G., Sloand, E., Wu, M., Nadal, D., Siegrist, Ca, Wyler, Ca, Cheseaux, Jj, Aebi, C., Gnehm, H., Schubiger, G., Klingler, J., Hunziker, U., Kuchler, H., Gianinazzi, M., Buhlmann, U., Biedermann, K., Lauper, U., Irion, O., Brunelli, A., Spoletini, G., Schreyer, A., Hosli, I., Saurenmann, E., Drack, G., Isenschmid, M., Poorbeik, M., Schupbach, J., Perrin, L., Erb, P., Joller, H., Dillon, M., Nielsen, R., Boyer, P., Liao, D., Keller, M., Deveikis, A., Khoury, M., Diaz, C., Pacheco-Acosta, E., Cooper, E., Mesthene, D., Pitt, J., Higgins, A., Moroso, G., Rich, K., Turpin, D., Cooper, N., Fowler, M., Smeriglio, V., Mckinlay, S., and Ellis, S.
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Multivariate analysis, Anti-HIV Agents, Birth weight, HIV Infections, Cohort Studies, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, medicine, Birth Weight, Humans, Rupture of membranes, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Prospective cohort study, Cesarean Section, Obstetrics, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, General Medicine, Odds ratio, Delivery, Obstetric, medicine.disease, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Confidence interval, Logistic Models, Multivariate Analysis, Immunology, HIV-1, Female, business, Zidovudine, Cohort study
Abstract: Background To evaluate the relation between elective cesarean section and vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), we performed a meta-analysis using data on individual patients from 15 prospective cohort studies. Methods North American and European studies of at least 100 mother-child pairs were included in the meta-analysis. Uniform definitions of modes of delivery were used. Elective cesarean sections were defined as those performed before onset of labor and rupture of membranes. Multivariate logistic-regression analysis was used to adjust for other factors known to be associated with vertical transmission. Results The primary analysis included data on 8533 mother-child pairs. After adjustment for receipt of antiretroviral therapy, maternal stage of disease, and infant birth weight, the likelihood of vertical transmission of HIV-1 was decreased by approximately 50 percent with elective cesarean section, as compared with other modes of delivery (adjusted odds ratio, 0.43; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.33 to 0.56). The results were similar when the study population was limited to those with rupture of membranes shortly before delivery. The likelihood of transmission was reduced by approximately 87 percent with both elective cesarean section and receipt of antiretroviral therapy during the prenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal periods, as compared with other modes of delivery and the absence of therapy (adjusted odds ratio, 0.13; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.09 to 0.19). Among mother-child pairs receiving antiretroviral therapy during the prenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal periods, rates of vertical transmission were 2.0 percent among the 196 mothers who underwent elective cesarean section and 7.3 percent among the 1255 mothers with other modes of delivery. Conclusions The results of this meta-analysis suggest that elective cesarean section reduces the risk of transmission of HIV-1 from mother to child independently of the effects of treatment with zidovudine.
Published: 1999
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5. Rapid disease progression in HIV-1 perinatally infected children born to mothers receiving zidovudine monotherapy during pregnancy. The Italian register for HIV Infection in Children

Author: de Martino M, Galli L, Tovo P. A, Gabiano C, Osimani P, Zizzadoro P, de Mattia D, Ruggeri M, Lanari M, Dalla Vecchia S, Masi M, Miniaci A, Baldi F, Dell' Erba G, Battisti L, Duse M, Crispino P, Uberti E, Bresciani E, Chiriacò P. G, Pintor C, Dedoni M, Loriano D, Dessì C, Anastasio L, Sabatino G, Sticca M, Berrino R, Lodato A, Vierucci A, Farina S, de Luca M, de Maria A, Fioredda F, Boni S, Marazzi M. G, Pontali E, Forni GL, Gotta C, Tasso, L, Gambaretto G, Meo A, Plebani R, Pinzani R, Salvini F, Marchisio P, Massironi E, Tornaghi R, Zuccotti GV, Riva S, de Carlis S, Ferraris G, Bucceri A, Lipreri R, Cellini M, Tarallo L, Giaquinto C, Ruga E, Rampon O, Romano A, Benaglia G, Caselli D, Maccabruni A, Consolini R, Palla G, Antonellini A, Magnani C, Cecchi T, Castelli Gattinara G, Bernardi S, Cancrini C, Fundarò C, Genovese O, Rendeli C, Timpano C, Anzidei G, Catania S, Stegagno M, Mazza A, Salvatore C, Scolfaro C, Palomba E, Riva C, Pellegatta A., GUARINO, ALFREDO, PIGNATA, CLAUDIO, de Martino, M, Galli, L, Tovo, P. A., Gabiano, C, Osimani, P, Zizzadoro, P, de Mattia, D, Ruggeri, M, Lanari, M, Dalla Vecchia, S, Masi, M, Miniaci, A, Baldi, F, Dell' Erba, G, Battisti, L, Duse, M, Crispino, P, Uberti, E, Bresciani, E, Chiriacò, P. G., Pintor, C, Dedoni, M, Loriano, D, Dessì, C, Anastasio, L, Sabatino, G, Sticca, M, Berrino, R, Lodato, A, Vierucci, A, Farina, S, de Luca, M, de Maria, A, Fioredda, F, Boni, S, Marazzi, M. G., Pontali, E, Forni, Gl, Gotta, C, Tasso, L, Gambaretto, G, Meo, A, Plebani, R, Pinzani, R, Salvini, F, Marchisio, P, Massironi, E, Tornaghi, R, Zuccotti, Gv, Riva, S, de Carlis, S, Ferraris, G, Bucceri, A, Lipreri, R, Cellini, M, Guarino, Alfredo, Pignata, Claudio, Tarallo, L, Giaquinto, C, Ruga, E, Rampon, O, Romano, A, Benaglia, G, Caselli, D, Maccabruni, A, Consolini, R, Palla, G, Antonellini, A, Magnani, C, Cecchi, T, Castelli Gattinara, G, Bernardi, S, Cancrini, C, Fundarò, C, Genovese, O, Rendeli, C, Timpano, C, Anzidei, G, Catania, S, Stegagno, M, Mazza, A, Salvatore, C, Scolfaro, C, Palomba, E, Riva, C, and Pellegatta, A.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the outcome in children perinatally infected with HIV-1 whose mothers received zidovudine (ZDV) monotherapy in pregnancy. DESIGN: Observational retrospective study of a prospectively recruited cohort. SETTING: Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children. PATIENTS: A group of 216 children perinatally infected with HIV-1, born in 1992-1997 and derived prospectively from birth: 38 children had mothers receiving ZDV monotherapy and for 178 children the mothers received no antiretroviral treatment during pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The estimated probability of developing severe disease or severe immune suppression, survival probability [95% confidence interval (CI)] within 3 years, and the hazard ratio (95% CI), adjusted for year of birth, maternal clinical condition at delivery, birthweight and treatments (Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia chemoprophylaxis and/or antiretroviral therapy before the onset of severe disease, severe immune suppression or death) were compared. RESULTS: Comparison of HIV-1-infected children whose mothers were treated with ZDV with children whose mothers were not treated showed that the former group had a higher probability of developing severe disease [57.3% (95% CI 40.9-74.3) versus 37.2% (95% CI 30.0-45.4); log-rank test 7.83, P = 0.005; adjusted hazard ratio 1.8 (95% CI 1.1-3.1)] or severe immune suppression [53.9% (95% CI 36.3-73.5) versus 37.5% (95% CI 30.0-46.2); log-rank test 5.58, P = 0.018; adjusted hazard ratio 2.4, (95% CI: 1.3-4.3)] and a lower survival [72.2% (95% CI 50.4-85.7) versus 81.0% (95% CI 73.7-86.5); log-rank test 4.23, P = 0.039; adjusted hazard ratio of death 1.9 (95% CI 1.1-3.6)]. CONCLUSIONS: This epidemiological observation could stimulate virologic studies to elucidate whether this rapid progression depends on in utero infection or transmission of resistant virus. Findings may suggest a need to hasten HIV-1 diagnosis in infants of ZDV-treated mothers and undertake an aggressive antiretroviral therapy in those found to be infected
Published: 1999

6. Chronic intracerebroventricular injection of TLQP-21 prevents high fat diet induced weight gain in fast weight-gaining mice

Author: Bartolomucci A. 1, 2, Bresciani E. 3, Bulgarelli I. 3, Rigamonti A.E. 4, Pascucci T. 5, Levi A. 6, Possenti R. 6, 7, Torsello A. 3, Locatelli V. 3, Muller E.E. 4, and Moles A. 1
Subjects: High fat diet, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Neuropeptides, VGF, Obesity, White adipose tissue
Abstract: The vgf gene regulates energy homeostasis and the VGF-derived peptide TLQP-21 centrally exerts catabolic effects in mice and hamsters. Here, we investigate the effect of chronic intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of TLQP-21 in mice fed high fat diet (HFD). Fast weight-gaining mice injected with the peptide or cerebrospinal fluid were selected for physiological, endocrine, and molecular analysis. TLQP-21 selectively inhibited the increase in body weight and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) weight induced by HFD in control animals despite both groups having a similar degree of hyperphagia. TLQP-21 normalized the increase in leptin and decrease in ghrelin while increasing epinephrine and epinephrine/norepinephrine ratio when compared to values in controls. Finally, HFD-TLQP-21 mice showed a selective increase of eWAT beta3-adrenergic receptor mRNA. Peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor-delta and hormone-sensing-lipase mRNA were also upregulated. In conclusion, chronic icv infusion of TLQP-21 prevented the early phase of diet-induced obesity despite overfeeding. These effects were paralleled by activation of catabolic pathways within the eWAT. Our results further support a role for TLQP-21 as a catabolic neuropeptide.
Published: 2009

7. THE ANUBIS PROJECT. Inventary and Paleopathological Study of the Egyptian Mummies Collected in Italian Museums

Author: ROSALBA CIRANNI, Pangoli, D., VALENTINA GIUFFRA, Davide Caramella, Bresciani, E., FLORA SILVANO, and Gino Fornaciari
Published: 2005

8. Ricerche sul sarcofago e sulla mummia di Narni

Author: Bresciani, E, Bruschi, R, Ciranni, R, Locci, MARIA TERESA FERNANDA, Masetti, M, Fornaciari, Gino, and Silvano, Flora
Published: 2003

9. Riduzione della ospedalizzazione in pazienti con cardiomiopatia dilatativa

Author: Cifarelli, A., Delfino, Massimo, Biava, G., Bresciani, E., Giorgivo, F., and Golluscio, V.
Published: 2001

10. Ricordando Donato Morelli

Author: Pintaudi, Rosario, Arrighetti, G., Beschi, L., Bini, G., Bresciani, E., LA MALFA, G., and Timpanro, S.
Published: 2000

11. The discovery of a new temple at Medinet-Madi

Author: Pintaudi, Rosario and Bresciani, E.
Published: 1999

12. Ghrelin in gastroenteric pathophysiology

Author: Locatelli, V., Bresciani, E., Bulgarelli, I., Rapetti, D., Torsello, A., Rindi, G., valeria sibilia, Netti, C., Locatelli, V, Bresciani, E, Bulgarelli, I, Rapetti, D, Torsello, A, Rindi, G, Sibilia, V, and Netti, C
Subjects: central control, ghrelin, gastric function, gastric acid secretion, gastric ulcers, prostaglandin, GHS, NO
Abstract: Ghrelin, an acylated peptide produced predominantly by the stomach, has been discovered to be a natural ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHS-R1a). It is localized in distinct cells of the gastric mucosa, mainly distributed in the mid portion of the oxyntic gland characterized by P/D1 granules in man and X/A-like granules in rodents. The ghrelin cell represents the second most frequent endocrine cell type after the enterochromaffin-like cells in gastric oxyntic mucosa, pointing to a potentially relevant role in the physiology of the stomach. Ghrelin has no relevant homology with any known gastrointestinal peptide and displays strong GH-releasing activity both in animals and in humans. However, in addition to stimulating GH secretion, ghrelin possesses several other endocrine and extraendocrine biological activities that are explained by the widespread distribution of ghrelin and GHSR1a expression. In the rat, ghrelin exerts a control in gastric acid secretion and motility: the gastric acid secretion is stimulated by peripheral administration of high doses of ghrelin, but inhibited by very low doses of ghrelin delivered into the central nervous system. Moreover, ghrelin provides a potent and dose-related gastroprotective action against ethanol- and stress-induced gastric ulcers. The integrity of both nitric oxide (NO) system and capsaicin afferent nerves are required for the gastroprotective effect of ghrelin, whereas the vagus nerve might be involved in conveying ghrelinergic signal from periphery to the brain. In addition, prostaglandins derived by the constitutive cyclooxygenase (COX) activity are essential for the protective activity of ghrelin in ethanol and stress-induced gastric lesions. Given its prevailing role in physiological and pathophysiological gastric function, the discovery of ghrelin will open new perspectives and potential clinical implications in the gastroenteric field.

13. Predictive value of the HIV paediatric classification system for the long-term course of perinatally infected children

Author: Galli, L., Martino, M., Tovo, P. -A, Gabiano, C., Zappa, M., Osimani, P., Mattia, D., Zizzadoro, P., Ruggeri, M., Baldi, F., Ciccia, M., Dallacasa, P., Masi, M., Battisti, L., Bresciani, E., Duse, M., Timpano, S., Chiriacò, P. G., Belloni, M., Corrias, A., Ibba, P., Rossi, G., Anastasio, E., Sabatino, G., Sticca, M., Nasi, C., Bezzi, T., Vierucci, A., Farina, S., Ballotti, S., Bassetti, D., Maria, A., Forni, G. L., Gotta, C., Marazzi, M. G., Mecca, D., Tasso, L., Tondo, U., Micheletti, E., Gambaretto, G., Cellini, M., Altobelli, R., Bucceri, A., Conio, S., Ferraris, G., Giovannini, M., Lipreri, R., Paola Giovanna Marchisio, Massironi, E., Pinzani, R., Plebani, A., Rancilio, L., Riva, E., Salvini, F., Tornaghi, R., Zuccotti, G. V., Guarino, A., Pignata, C., Giaquinto, C., Rampon, O., Ruga, E. M., Romano, A., Benaglia, G., Caselli, D., Maccabruni, A., Bassanetti, F., Consolini, R., Palla, G., Antonellini, A., Metri, A. M., Magnani, C., Cecchi, M. T., Castelli Gattinara, G., Catania, S., Falconieri, P., Fundarò, C., Genovese, O., Krzisztofiak, A., Livadiotti, S., Rendeli, C., Stegagno, M., Timpano, C., Mazza, A., Salvatore, C. M., Palomba, E., Riva, C., Tulisso, S., and Pellegatta, A.

14. Tensile bond strength of glass-ionomer cements used in atraumatic restorative treatment to demineralized enamel

Author: Cefaly, D. F. G., Tapety, C. M. C., Barata, T. J. E., Rafael Mondelli, Bresciani, E., and Navarro, M. F. L.

15. Diametral Tensible Strength and Water Sorption of conventional and resin-modified glass-ionomer r cements used in the ART

Author: Cefaly, Dfg, Bresciani, E., Nogueira, Da, Rafael Mondelli, and Navarro, Mfl

16. Can different etching protocols change the properties of a hybrid ceramic?

Author: Miranda, J. S., Monteiro, J. B., Silva, P. N. F., Valera, M. C., Bresciani, E., and Renata Melo

17. Assessment of Enamel Bond Strength of Hypoplastic Primary Teeth

Author: Scheidt, L., Sanabe, M. E., Collares, F. M., Leitune, V. C., Bresciani, E., and Michele B. Diniz

18. Clinical evaluation of a new direct composite resin system: One-year results

Author: Navarro, Mfl, Balkenhol, M., Rafael Mondelli, Ishikiriami, A., Jorge, Mff, Mondelli, Rfl, Bresciani, E., and Lauris, Jrp

19. Fracture resistance of Class II glass-ionomer cement restorations

Author: Barata, T. J. E., Bresciani, E., Fagundes, T. C., Cefaly, D. F. G., Jose Lauris, and Navarro, M. F. L.

20. Antiretroviral treatment in children with HIV-1 infection: Consensus of the Italian register for HIV infection in children | Trattamento antiretrovirale in bambini con infezione da HIV-1: Consensus del registro Italiano per l'infezione da HIV in pediatria

Author: Martino, M., Pier Angelo Tovo, Giaquinto, C., Rossi, A., Galli, L., Gabiano, C., Floridia, M., Ferraris, G., Ruga, E., Castelli Gattinara, G., Scolfaro, C., Vierucci, A., Viganò, A., Zuccotti, G. V., Fundarò, C., Caselli, D., Maria, A., Duse, M., Plebani, A., Timpano, C., Lanari, M., Stegagno, M., Lipreri, R., Gotta, C., Ruggeri, M., Loriano, D., Osimani, P., Cellini, M., Forni, G. L., Benaglia, G., Antonellini, A., Mattia, D., Pintor, C., Mazza, A., Romano, A., Consolini, R., Pignata, C., Marazzi, M. G., Guarino, A., Cecchi, M. T., Zizzadoro, P., Battisti, L., Bezzi, T., Salvatore, C., Ciccia, M., Bionda, S., Metri, A. M., Anastasio, E., Magnani, C., Sticca, M., Tarallo, L., Masi, M., Gambaretto, G., Catania, S., Micheletti, E., Pellegatta, A., Dessì, C., Baldi, F., Ibba, P., Bresciani, E., Berrino, R., Falconieri, P., Tasso, L., Altobelli, R., Chiriacò, P. G., Ruggeri, C., Magni, L. A., Tondo, U., Contardi, I., Tommasi, D., Di Gregorio, F., Meo, A., Resta, F., Molesini, M., Sabatino, G., and Portelli, V.

21. Can different etching protocols change the properties of a hybrid ceramic?

Author: Js, Miranda, Jb, Monteiro, Pnf, Silva, Mc, Valera, Bresciani E, and Renata Melo

22. Clinical evaluation of a new direct composite resin system: Two-year results

Author: Navarro, M. F. L., Balkenhol, M., Mondelli, R. F. L., Ishikiriama, A., Jorge, M. F. F., Bresciani, E., Barata, T. D. J. E., Cefaly, D. F. G., and Lauris, J. R. P.

23. Long-term follow-up of HIV-seropositive children

Author: Pier Angelo Tovo, Martino, M., Gabiano, C., Galli, L., Ferraris, G., Giaquinto, C., Castelli Gattinara, G., Garetto, S., Vierucci, A., Marchisio, P., Zuccotti, G. V., Fundarò, C., Duse, M., Caselli, D., Maria, A., Plebani, A., Timpano, C., Lanari, M., Stegagno, M., Ruggeri, M., Gotta, G., Lipreri, L., Cellini, M., Osimani, P., Loriano, D., Benaglia, G., Mattia, D., Forni, G. L., Romano, A., Antonellini, A., Pintor, C., Consolini, R., Mazza, A., Micco, A., Guarino, A., Marazzi, M. G., Cecchi, M. T., Di Bari, C., Dessì, C., Bezzi, T., Bionda, S., Erba, G., Battisti, L., Salvatore, C., Sticca, M., Anastasio, E., Masi, M., Magnani, C., Tarallo, L., Gambaretto, G., Catania, S., Pellegatta, A., Todeschini, A., Baldi, F., Nasi, C., Bresciani, E., Tasso, L., Molesini, M., Chiriacò, P. G., Ruggeri, C., Stucchi, C., Resta, F., Sabatino, G., Delle Nogare, E., Tondo, U., Tommasi, D., Meo, A., Contardi, I., and Portelli, V.

24. Dysregulation of NIPBL leads to impaired RUNX1 expression and haematopoietic defects

Author: Alessandra Rigamonti, Matteo Parma, Mara Mazzola, Grazia Fazio, Luca Ferrari, Erica Bresciani, Anna Marozzi, Claudia Saitta, Germano Gaudenzi, Andrea Biondi, Giovanni Cazzaniga, Anna Pistocchi, Monica Fumagalli, Alex Pezzotta, Maria Chiara Pelleri, Mazzola, M, Pezzotta, A, Fazio, G, Rigamonti, A, Bresciani, E, Gaudenzi, G, Pelleri, M, Saitta, C, Ferrari, L, Parma, M, Fumagalli, M, Biondi, A, Cazzaniga, G, Marozzi, A, Pistocchi, A, Mazzola M., Pezzotta A., Fazio G., Rigamonti A., Bresciani E., Gaudenzi G., Pelleri M.C., Saitta C., Ferrari L., Parma M., Fumagalli M., Biondi A., Cazzaniga G., Marozzi A., and Pistocchi A.
Subjects: Adult, 0301 basic medicine, RUNX1, Myeloid, Platelet disorder, Regulator, Down-Regulation, Bone Marrow Cells, Cell Cycle Proteins, Biology, NIPBL, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, AML, hemic and lymphatic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, Child, haematopoiesi, Zebrafish, Aged, Cohesin, Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic, Original Articles, Cell Biology, Middle Aged, Zebrafish Proteins, haematopoiesis, zebrafish, biology.organism_classification, Tissue Donors, Hematopoiesis, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, Haematopoiesis, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit, embryonic structures, Cancer research, Molecular Medicine, Original Article, Megakaryocytes
Abstract: The transcription factor RUNX1, a pivotal regulator of HSCs and haematopoiesis, is a frequent target of chromosomal translocations, point mutations or altered gene/protein dosage. These modifications lead or contribute to the development of myelodysplasia, leukaemia or platelet disorders. A better understanding of how regulatory elements contribute to fine‐tune the RUNX1 expression in haematopoietic tissues could improve our knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for normal haematopoiesis and malignancy insurgence. The cohesin RAD21 was reported to be a regulator of RUNX1 expression in the human myeloid HL60 cell line and during primitive haematopoiesis in zebrafish. In our study, we demonstrate that another cohesin, NIPBL, exerts positive regulation of RUNX1 in three different contexts in which RUNX1 displays important functions: in megakaryocytes derived from healthy donors, in bone marrow samples obtained from adult patients with acute myeloid leukaemia and during zebrafish haematopoiesis. In this model, we demonstrate that alterations in the zebrafish orthologue nipblb reduce runx1 expression with consequent defects in its erythroid and myeloid targets such as gata1a and spi1b in an opposite way to rad21. Thus, also in the absence of RUNX1 translocation or mutations, additional factors such as defects in the expression of NIPBL might induce haematological diseases.
Published: 2020
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25. 'L'imprenditorialità che crea valore: gli spin-off accademici'

Author: Mario Sorrentino, S. Bresciani e M. Viassone (a cura di), and Sorrentino, Mario
Published: 2020

26. miRNA Expression Profiling in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Monozygotic Twins Discordant for HIV Infection: Validation of Differentially Expressed miRNA and Bioinformatic Analysis

Author: Elena Bresciani, Nicola Squillace, Valentina Orsini, Roberta Piolini, Laura Rizzi, Laura Molteni, Ramona Meanti, Alessandro Soria, Giuseppe Lapadula, Alessandra Bandera, Andrea Gori, Paolo Bonfanti, Robert John Omeljaniuk, Vittorio Locatelli, Antonio Torsello, Bresciani, E, Squillace, N, Orsini, V, Piolini, R, Rizzi, L, Molteni, L, Meanti, R, Soria, A, Lapadula, G, Bandera, A, Gori, A, Bonfanti, P, Omeljaniuk, R, Locatelli, V, and Torsello, A
Subjects: Gene Expression Profiling, HALS (HIV-associate lypodistrophy syndrome), Organic Chemistry, Subcutaneous Fat, Computational Biology, HIV Infections, Twins, Monozygotic, General Medicine, Combined highly antiretroviral therapy (cART), Metabolic disorder, Catalysis, Computer Science Applications, Inorganic Chemistry, MicroRNAs, Humans, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, MiRNA, Molecular Biology, combined highly antiretroviral therapy (cART), miRNA, metabolic disorders, Spectroscopy
Abstract: Combined AntiRetroviral Treatments (cARTs) used for HIV infection may result in varied metabolic complications, which in some cases, may be related to patient genetic factors, particularly microRNAs. The use of monozygotic twins, differing only for HIV infection, presents a unique and powerful model for the controlled analysis of potential alterations of miRNAs regulation consequent to cART treatment. Profiling of 2578 mature miRNA in the subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissue and plasma of monozygotic twins was investigated by the GeneChip® miRNA 4.1 array. Real-time PCR and ddPCR experiments were performed in order to validate differentially expressed miRNAs. Target genes of deregulated miRNAs were predicted by the miRDB database (prediction score > 70) and enrichment analysis was carried out with g:Profiler. Processes in SC adipose tissue most greatly affected by miRNA up-regulation included (i) macromolecular metabolic processes, (ii) regulation of neurogenesis, and (iii) protein phosphorylation. Furthermore, KEGG analysis revealed miRNA up-regulation involvement in (i) insulin signaling pathways, (ii) neurotrophin signaling pathways, and (iii) pancreatic cancer. By contrast, miRNA up-regulation in plasma was involved in (i) melanoma, (ii) p53 signaling pathways, and (iii) focal adhesion. Our findings suggest a mechanism that may increase the predisposition of HIV+ patients to insulin resistance and cancer.
Published: 2022
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27. The role of androgens in women's health and wellbeing

Author: Vittorio Emanuele Bianchi, Antonio Torsello, Robert J. Omeljaniuk, Elena Bresciani, Laura Rizzi, Ramona Meanti, Bianchi, V, Bresciani, E, Meanti, R, Rizzi, L, Omeljaniuk, R, and Torsello, A
Subjects: medicine.drug_class, Sexual Behavior, Physiology, Breast Neoplasms, Disease, Bone and Bones, Androgen, medicine, Animals, Humans, Women, Bone, Testosterone, Acne, hirsutism, Pharmacology, business.industry, Muscles, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Genitalia, Female, Cardiovascular disease, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, Sexual dysfunction, Cardiovascular Diseases, Receptors, Androgen, Androgen Therapy, Androgens, Women's Health, Muscle, Female, Reproductive apparatu, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Androgens in women, as well as in men, are intrinsic to maintenance of (i) reproductive competency, (ii) cardiac health, (iii) appropriate bone remodeling and mass retention, (iii) muscle tone and mass, and (iv) brain function, in part, through their mitigation of neurodegenerative disease effects. In recognition of the pluripotency of endogenous androgens, exogenous androgens, and selected congeners, have been prescribed off-label for several decades to treat low libido and sexual dysfunction in menopausal women, as well as, to improve physical performance. However, long-term safety and efficacy of androgen administration has yet to be fully elucidated. Side effects often observed include (i) hirsutism, (ii) acne, (iii) deepening of the voice, and (iv) weight gain but are associated most frequently with supra-physiological doses. By contrast, short-term clinical trials suggest that the use of low-dose testosterone therapy in women appears to be effective, safe and economical. There are, however, few clinical studies, which have focused on effects of androgen therapy on pre- and post-menopausal women; moreover, androgen mechanisms of action have not yet been thoroughly explained in these subjects. This review considers clinical effects of androgens on women's health in order to prevent chronic diseases and reduce cancer risk in gynecological tissues.
Published: 2021
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28. JMV5656, a short synthetic derivative of TLQP-21, alleviates acid-induced lung injury and fibrosis in mice

Author: Laura Rizzi, Verdiè Pascal, Robert J. Omeljaniuk, Vanessa Zambelli, Giacomo Bellani, Laura Molteni, Antonio Torsello, Paolo Delvecchio, Jean-Alain Fehrentz, Ramona Meanti, Elena Bresciani, Zambelli, V, Rizzi, L, Delvecchio, P, Bresciani, E, Molteni, L, Meanti, R, Pascal, V, Fehrentz, J, Omeljaniuk, R, Bellani, G, and Torsello, A
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Male, ARDS, Synthetic Drugs, medicine.medical_treatment, Pulmonary Fibrosis, Population, Lung fibrosi, Lung injury, Pulmonary compliance, Pharmacology, Bronchoalveolar Lavage, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Fibrosis, JMV5656, Pulmonary fibrosis, medicine, Animals, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Lung, Inflammation, education.field_of_study, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, business.industry, TLQP-21, Biochemistry (medical), Lung Injury, medicine.disease, Peptide Fragments, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Cytokine, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030228 respiratory system, Models, Animal, Cytokines, business
Abstract: TLQP-21, a peptide encoded by the prohormone VGF, is expressed in neuroendocrine cells and can modulate inflammatory processes. Since TLQP-21 can bind the complement 3a receptor 1 on macrophages, interest has risen in this peptide as a potential drug for the treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), whose hospital mortality can reach 35–46%. Since no effective pharmacologic therapies are available, our aim was to exploit the potential of a short analog of TLQP-21(JMV5656) in order to modulate the inflammatory process in ARDS and the progression to pulmonary fibrosis in an experimental model of unilateral acid aspiration in mice. Mice were divided in 2 treatment groups. In the acute protocol, mice received intra-peritoneal injection of either vehicle or 0.6 mg/kg JMV5656 on experimental days 1 and 2, and ARDS was induced on day 3 under deep anesthesia by instillation of HCl (1.5 ml/kg of 0.1 M HCl in 0.9% NaCl) into the right lung; all measurements were performed 24 h later. In the subacute protocol, mice were treated as previously, but treatment with vehicle or JMV5656 was repeated also on day 4 and measurements were made 2 weeks later. Twenty-four hours after acid instillation, the total number of immune cell in the BAL rose sharply due primarily to an increase in the PMN population which increased from 1% up to 58% of total cell numbers. JMV5656 significantly reduced PMN recruitment into the alveolar space, but had no effects on cytokine levels in BAL. Two weeks after acid injury, static compliance of the right lung was significantly higher in the JMV5656-treated group compared to vehicle-treated group. Treatment with JMV5656 also blunted the acid-induced collagen deposition in the right lung. These results suggest that JMV5656 can ameliorate mechanical compliance, and reduce collagen deposition in acid-injured lungs in mice. This effect was likely due to the ability of JMV5656 to inhibit PMN recruitment in the injured lung.
Published: 2019

29. Cisplatin-Induced Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction: Mechanisms and Counteracting Therapeutic Strategies

Author: Antonella Liantonio, Laura Rizzi, Elena Bresciani, Antonio Torsello, Annamaria De Luca, Elena Conte, Ornella Cappellari, Conte, E, Bresciani, E, Rizzi, L, Cappellari, O, De Luca, A, Torsello, A, and Liantonio, A
Subjects: muscle atrophy, Cachexia, medicine.medical_treatment, growth hormone secretagogues (ghs), cisplatin, Context (language use), Review, Bioinformatics, Catalysis, lcsh:Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Neoplasms, medicine, Animals, Humans, skeletal muscle, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Muscle, Skeletal, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Molecular Biology, Wasting, Spectroscopy, Cisplatin, Chemotherapy, business.industry, Body Weight, Organic Chemistry, Skeletal muscle, Cancer, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Muscle atrophy, Computer Science Applications, Disease Models, Animal, Muscular Atrophy, medicine.anatomical_structure, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, Growth Hormone, ghrelin, medicine.symptom, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Among the severe side effects induced by cisplatin chemotherapy, muscle wasting is the most relevant one. This effect is a major cause for a clinical decline of cancer patients, since it is a negative predictor of treatment outcome and associated to increased mortality. However, despite its toxicity even at low doses, cisplatin remains the first-line therapy for several types of solid tumors. Thus, effective pharmacological treatments counteracting or minimizing cisplatin-induced muscle wasting are urgently needed. The dissection of the molecular pathways responsible for cisplatin-induced muscle dysfunction gives the possibility to identify novel promising therapeutic targets. In this context, the use of animal model of cisplatin-induced cachexia is very useful. Here, we report an update of the most relevant researches on the mechanisms underlying cisplatin-induced muscle wasting and on the most promising potential therapeutic options to preserve muscle mass and function.
Published: 2020
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30. Pharmacological and Biochemical Characterization of TLQP-21 Activation of a Binding Site on CHO Cells

Author: Jean Martinez, Ilaria Rivolta, Elena Bresciani, Anna Binda, Laura Rizzi, Giampiero Muccioli, Vittorio Locatelli, Laura Molteni, Pascal Verdié, Pamela Petrocchi Passeri, Jean-Alain Fehrentz, Corrado Ghè, Roberta Possenti, Antonio Torsello, Robert J. Omeljaniuk, Giuseppe Biagini, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron [Pôle Chimie Balard] (IBMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Lakehead University, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Molteni, L, Rizzi, L, Bresciani, E, Possenti, R, Petrocchi Passeri, P, Ghè, C, Muccioli, G, Fehrentz, J, Verdié, P, Martinez, J, Omeljaniuk, R, Biagini, G, Binda, A, Rivolta, I, Locatelli, V, and Torsello, A
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, receptor, CHO, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, STIM-1, Phospholipase, Biology, Settore BIO/09, Calcium in biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, HFHH-10, SOCE, TLQP-21, VGF, calcium, Pharmacology (medical), TLQP-21, VGF, calcium, SOCE, STIM-1, receptor, CHO, HFHH-10, Binding site, Receptor, Original Research, Diacylglycerol kinase, Pharmacology, Endoplasmic reticulum, Settore BIO/14, 030104 developmental biology, Calcium, Biochemistry, Second messenger system, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Intracellular
Abstract: International audience; VGF is a propeptide of 617 amino acids expressed throughout the central and the peripheral nervous system. VGF and peptides derived from its processing have been found in dense core vesicles and are released from neuronal and neuroendocrine cells via the regulated secretory pathway. Among VGF-derived neuropeptides, TLQP-21 (VGF556-576) has raised a huge interest and is one of most studied. TLQP-21 is a multifunctional neuropeptide involved in the control of several physiological functions, potentially including energy homeostasis, pain modulation, stress responsiveness and reproduction. Although little information is available about its receptor and the intracellular mechanisms mediating its biological effects, recent reports suggest that TLQP-21 may bind to the complement receptors C3aR1 and/or gC1qR. The first aim of this study was to ascertain the existence and nature of TLQP-21 binding sites in CHO cells. Secondly, we endeavored to characterize the ligand binding to these sites by using a small panel of VGF-derived peptides. And finally, we investigated the influence of TLQP-21 on selected intracellular signaling pathways. We report that CHO cells express a single class of saturable and specific binding sites for TLQP-21 with an affinity and capacity of Kd = 0.55 ± 0.05 × 10-9 M and Bmax = 81.7 ± 3.9 fmol/mg protein, respectively. Among the many bioactive products derived from the C-terminal region of VGF that we tested, TLQP-21 was the most potent in stimulating intracellular calcium mobilization in CHO cells; this effect is primarily due to its C-terminal fragment (HFHH-10). TLQP-21 induced rapid and transient dephosphorylation of phospholipase Cγ1 and phospholipase A2. Generation of IP3 and diacylglycerol was crucial for TLQP-21 bioactivity. In conclusion, our results suggest that the receptor stimulated by TLQP-21 belongs to the family of the Gq-coupled receptors, and its activation first increases membrane-lipid derived second messengers which thereby induce the mobilization of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum followed by a slower store-operated Ca2+ entry from outside the cell.
Published: 2017
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31. Characterization of synovial fluid cytokine profiles in chronic meniscal tear of the knee

Author: BIGONI, MARCO, TURATI, MARCO, GADDI, DIEGO, PIATTI, MASSIMILIANO, CASTELNUOVO, ALBERTO, BRESCIANI, ELENA, LOCATELLI, VITTORIO, TORSELLO, ANTONIO BIAGIO, Sacerdote, P, Franchi, S, Gandolla, M, Pedrocchi, A, Omeljaniuk, R, Bigoni, M, Turati, M, Sacerdote, P, Gaddi, D, Piatti, M, Castelnuovo, A, Franchi, S, Gandolla, M, Pedrocchi, A, Omeljaniuk, R, Bresciani, E, Locatelli, V, and Torsello, A
Subjects: Adult, Male, knee, Middle Aged, Tibial Meniscus Injuries, osteoarthritis, cytokines, meniscal tear, synovial fluid, Aged, Cytokines, Female, Humans, Synovial Fluid, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, cytokine, Osteoarthriti
Abstract: Concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in synovial fluid samples collected from patients with chronic meniscal tears were investigated. An acute inflammatory response is generally reported 24–48 h after knee injury, but the largest body of data available in literature concerns anterior cruciate ligament injury and very little information is available about the balance of soluble factors in the synovial fluid of knees with chronic meniscal tears. Sixty-nine patients (46 males and 23 females) with meniscal tear that occurred more than 3 months earlier were enrolled. According to cartilage integrity assessment by arthroscopic examination, patients were assigned to one of the following groups: (i) no chondral damage (n = 18); (ii) chondral damage graded from I to II (n = 15); and (iii) chondral damage graded from III to IV (n = 37). In all groups, levels of IL-10 and inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8 where greater compared with those reported in the intact population; by contrast, levels of IL-1ra and IL-1β were significantly lower. Interestingly, IL-6 levels were higher in female than male patients. Cytokine levels did not correlate with degree of chondral damage. IL-6 and IL-1ra levels positively correlated with IL-1β, and negatively correlated with TNF-α. Interestingly, levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were inversely correlated. Our data demonstrate increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) in the chronic phase of meniscal trauma. This pro-inflammatory state is maintained in the joint from the time of initial injury to several months later and could be a key factor in hampering cartilage regeneration. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:340–346, 2017.
Published: 2015

32. Changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue microRNA expression in HIV-infected patients

Author: Giuseppe Giunta, Massimo Del Bene, Chiara Giovannetti, Luca Carlo Vittorio Rovati, Vittorio Locatelli, Nicola Squillace, Andrea Gori, Francesca Sabbatini, Antonio Torsello, Elena Bresciani, Alessandra Bandera, Squillace, N, Bresciani, E, Torsello, A, Bandera, A, Sabbatini, F, Giovannetti, C, Giunta, G, Rovati, L, Del Bene, M, Locatelli, V, and Gori, A
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Subcutaneous Fat, Adipose tissue, HIV Infections, Biology, HIV-associated lipodystrophy, Pathogenesis, Transcriptome, Internal medicine, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, microRNA, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), HIV Infection, miRNA, Aged, Pharmacology, Regulation of gene expression, adipose tissue abnormalitie, Medicine (all), MicroRNA, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Fold change, MicroRNAs, Infectious Diseases, Endocrinology, Gene Expression Regulation, Case-Control Studies, Lipodystrophy, Case-Control Studie, Human
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the possibility that a pattern of abnormal microRNA (miRNA) expression could be fuelling the mechanisms causing HIV-associated lipodystrophy (HAL).METHODS: In this case-control study, samples of subcutaneous adipose tissue from eight consecutive HIV-infected patients on combination antiretroviral therapy with HAL (cases) were compared with those of eight HIV-negative subjects (controls). Human miRNA microarrays were used to probe the transcriptomes of the samples. Analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs was performed using DataAssist v2.0 software, applying a paired Student's t-test.RESULTS: Data showed that 21 miRNAs out of 754 were overexpressed in the patient group. Ten of these (i.e. miR-186, miR-199a-3p, miR-214, miR-374a, miR-487b, miR-532-5p, miR-628-5p, miR-874, miR-125-b-1* and miR-374b*) were up-regulated to a significant degree (fold change >2.5; P
Published: 2014

33. Obestatin inhibits feeding but does not modulate GH and corticosterone secretion in the rat

Author: D. Rapetti, Elena Bresciani, I. Bulgarelli, Vittorio Locatelli, Laura Tamiazzo, F. Donà, Antonio Torsello, Bresciani, E, Rapetti, D, Dona, F, Bulgarelli, I, Tamiazzo, L, Locatelli, V, and Torsello, A
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, food intake, Peptide Hormones, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Peptide hormone, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Eating, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Corticosterone, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Secretion, chemistry.chemical_classification, Oligopeptide, Feeding Behavior, Obestatin, Growth hormone secretion, GH, Rats, Amino acid, Animals, Newborn, chemistry, ghrelin, Growth Hormone, obestatin, Ghrelin, Oligopeptides
Abstract: Obestatin is a recently discovered 23 amino acids peptide derived from the ghrelin gene. As opposed to ghrelin, obestatin was shown to inhibit food intake in mice. The aims of this research were to study the effects of acute obestatin treatment on feeding behavior in the rat and its effects on GH and corticosterone secretion. Our results demonstrate that in young-adult male rats, obestatin effectively blunts the hunger caused by short-term starvation. Obestatin did not modify GH secretion in 10-day-old rats and did not antagonize the GH-releasing effects of hexarelin. Moreover, obestatin administration had no effects on spontaneous corticosterone secretion. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that in young-adult male rats the newly discovered obestatin can inhibit feeding but does not modify GH and corticosterone release in infant rats.
Published: 2006
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34. Characterization of the paradoxical growth hormone inhibitory effect of galanin in acromegaly

Author: Anna Rosa Bussi, Angelo Bollati, Enrico Bresciani, Andrea Giustina, Carlo Bonfanti, Gianni Giustina, Laura Chiesa, Giovanna Bugari, Giustina, Andrea, Bresciani, E, Bussi, Ar, Bollati, A, Bonfanti, C, Bugari, G, Chiesa, L, and Giustina, G.
Subjects: Adenoma, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Swine, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Clinical Biochemistry, Neurosurgery, Neuropeptide, Galanin, Biology, Peptide hormone, Biochemistry, Endocrinology, Suidae, Internal medicine, Acromegaly, Tumor Cells, Cultured, medicine, Animals, Humans, Endocrine system, Postoperative Period, Aged, Biochemistry (medical), Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Growth hormone secretion, Somatropin, Growth Hormone, Female, Peptides
Abstract: Galanin is a 29-amino acid straight-chain biologically active peptide which has been found to decrease circulating GH levels in some acromegalic patients, whereas is able to increase GH secretion in normal subjects. The aim of our study was to ascertain the incidence, entity and mechanism of the paradoxical GH inhibitory effect of galanin in acromegaly also looking at possible correlations between the GH responses to galanin and the main clinical and biochemical features of the patients. Finally, the effects of either successful or unsuccessful neurosurgical intervention on the GH inhibitory effect of galanin in acromegaly were investigated. A series of 23 consecutive patients with active acromegaly seen at the Endocrine Section of the Department of Internal Medicine of the University of Brescia (Italy) between 1991 and 1994 was examined. The acromegalic patients were subdivided in group 1 (i.e. patients who were 1) untreated, 2) evaluated before surgery, and 3) not cured after surgery and radiotherapy) and group 2 (i.e. surgically cured). All patients were submitted at least once to the following biochemical and radiological evaluations: 1) baseline serum insulin-like growth factor-I and PRL samples, 2) iv infusion of synthetic porcine galanin (500 micrograms in 100 mL saline) from -10 to 30 min, 3) iv bolus injection of TRH (200 micrograms) at time zero, 4) oral glucose tolerance test (75 g glucose, orally) at time zero, and 5) magnetic resonance of the pituitary sella. Adenomatous tissue obtained during neurosurgery in four patients was cultured in vitro, and the effect of the addition of galanin in the culture medium on GH secretion was tested. During galanin infusion in 19 of 21 group 1 patients, serum GH levels were lower with respect to baseline (range of GH decrease, -6.2 to -85.4% with respect to basal levels). During galanin infusion, no reductions in GH levels were observed in the acromegalic patients cured after neurosurgery (group 2); on the contrary, 6 of 7 patients displayed a normal stimulatory response to galanin (range of GH increase, +120-1533.3% of the basal level). A significant correlation between the percent decrease in GH levels after galanin treatment and the percent increase after TRH was found in group 1 patients (r = -0.783; P0.05). In three of the four adenomas examined, galanin determined a clear decrease in GH secretion (mean nadir, 63.3 +/- 12% of the baseline secretion rate). In conclusion, we demonstrated that the large majority of numerous patients with active acromegaly show a decrease in serum GH levels after galanin administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Published: 1995
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35. Hexarelin, a novel GHRP-6 analog, counteracts the inhibitory effect of hydrocortisone on growth hormone secretion in acromegaly

Author: Andrea Giustina, Bruno P. Imbimbo, Enrico Bresciani, Giovanna Bugari, Gianni Giustina, Anna Rosa Bussi, Romano Deghenghi, Giustina, Andrea, Bresciani, E, Bugari, G, Bussi, Ar, Deghenghi, R, Imbimbo, B, and Giustina, G.
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Hydrocortisone, medicine.medical_treatment, Molecular Sequence Data, Endogeny, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Bolus (medicine), Internal medicine, Acromegaly, medicine, Humans, Amino Acid Sequence, GHRP-6, Growth Substances, Saline, Aged, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Growth hormone secretion, Kinetics, Somatostatin, chemistry, Growth Hormone, Female, business, Oligopeptides, medicine.drug
Abstract: Hexarelin (His-D-2-Methyl-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2) is a GHRP-6 analog with the substitution of D-tryptophan with its 2-methyl derivative. The aim of our study was to ascertain whether hexarelin was able to counteract the glucocorticoid-mediated increase in hypothalamic somatostatin tone and consequent inhibition on serum GH levels in acromegalic patients. Ten patients (5 males, 5 females; age range 27-71 years; BMI range 23.3-35 kg/m2) with active acromegaly underwent: 1) hydrocortisone alone: a bolus iv injection of 100 mg hydrocortisone succinate in 2 mL saline, at time -60 followed by a 120 min iv infusion of 250 mg hydrocortisone succinate in 250 mL saline, from -60 to 60 min; 2) hexarelin+hydrocortisone: a bolus iv injection of hexarelin 100 micrograms, 60 min after initiation of a 2-hour hydrocortisone infusion; 3) hexarelin alone: a bolus iv injection of hexarelin at time 0, 60 min after initiation of a 2-hour saline infusion. The mean GH peak, expressed as percent change with respect to baseline level (mean of -75 and -60 minute samples), after hexarelin (1750 +/- 1157%) did not differ significantly with respect to that observed after hexarelin+hydrocortisone (1120 +/- 770%). After hydrocortisone alone the patients showed a mean decrease in GH levels as compared to baseline levels, of 47 +/- 7%. Our data show that the GH response to hexarelin in acromegaly is resistant to the inhibitor action of an acute and sustained elevation of serum cortisol levels. That hexarelin counteracts the glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of GH secretion supports the hypothesis of an hexarelin-induced decrease in endogenous somatostatin tone.
Published: 1995
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36. Novel domain-selective ACE-inhibiting activity of synthetic growth hormone secretagogues

Author: I. Bulgarelli, Marina Del Puppo, Fulvio Magni, Laura Tamiazzo, Laura Rizzi, Vittorio Locatelli, Veronica Mainini, Barbara Ghiazza, G. Ricci, Robert J. Omeljaniuk, Elena Bresciani, Antonio Torsello, Monica Ravelli, Giuseppe Mancia, Torsello, A, Bresciani, E, Ravelli, M, Rizzi, L, Bulgarelli, I, Ricci, G, Ghiazza, B, DEL PUPPO, M, Mainini, V, Omeljaniuk, R, Tamiazzo, L, Mancia, G, Magni, F, and Locatelli, V
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, CD36, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A, Renin-Angiotensin System, Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor, Alzheimer Disease, Internal medicine, Renin–angiotensin system, medicine, Animals, Humans, Enalapril, Vascular dementia, Receptors, Ghrelin, Aged, Pharmacology, Aged, 80 and over, biology, business.industry, Dementia, Vascular, Ligand (biochemistry), medicine.disease, In vitro, Ghrelin, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Endocrinology, biology.protein, Cytokines, Rabbits, Alzheimer's disease, business, Oligopeptides, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Hexarelin, medicine.drug
Abstract: The mechanisms of cardiovascular protective effects of ghrelin and its synthetic analogs are still largely unknown. Our first aim was to ascertain whether or not natural and synthetic ligands of GHS-R1a are capable of interfering with the activity of the renin-angiotensin system. Second, since polymorphisms in the ACE gene have been associated with Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and ACE is potentially involved in brain β-amyloid degradation, we also investigated the state of ghrelin axis and inflammatory markers in patients with AD and vascular dementia (VaD). Desacyl ghrelin, hexarelin, EP80317, and GHRP-6 all significantly inhibited ACE activity in vitro; by comparison, the efficacies of ghrelin and MK-0677 were significantly lower, suggesting that ACE-inhibiting activity is unrelated to ligand affinity to GHS-R1a. ACE was capable of cleaving Aβin vitro, reducing its ability to aggregate in fibrillar Aβ. Interestingly, this protective effect of ACE was blunted by enalapril but not hexarelin or EP80317. Desacyl ghrelin levels were lower in VaD subjects compared with AD and control subjects, whereas ghrelin and TNF-α levels were similar in all groups. VaD subjects demonstrated greater levels of mRNA for GHS-R1a, PPAR-γ and CD36 in peripheral blood lymphocytes compared with other groups. In conclusion, some GHSs are effective ACE-inhibitors, and this activity may contribute to their cardiovascular effects. Hexarelin or EP80317 do not inhibit the N-domain of ACE, which is also involved in the metabolism of β-amyloid, suggesting the possibility of developing new antihypertensive drugs with improved therapeutic potential.
Published: 2012

37. Effect of pyridostigmine on the growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing hormone in lean and obese type II diabetic patients

Author: Angela Girelli, Andrea Giustina, Enrico Bresciani, Carla Tassi, Umberto Valentini, Giustina, Andrea, Bresciani, E, Tassi, C, Girelli, A, and Valentini, U.
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Male, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Peptide hormone, Overweight, Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone, Endocrinology, Double-Blind Method, Reference Values, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, medicine, Humans, Obesity, business.industry, Drug Synergism, Middle Aged, Growth hormone–releasing hormone, medicine.disease, Growth hormone secretion, Kinetics, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Pyridostigmine, Growth Hormone, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Weight gain, Pyridostigmine Bromide, medicine.drug, Hormone
Abstract: A suppressed growth hormone (GH) response to GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) in both lean and overweight type II diabetics has been reported. Pyridostigmine (PD), an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, elicits GH secretion when administered alone and enhances the GH response to GHRH in normal subjects. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of PD on GHRH-stimulated GH secretion in both lean and obese type II diabetic patients. We studied 16 patients with type II diabetes mellitus (seven lean and nine obese). Eleven nondiabetic subjects (six lean and five obese) served as controls. Each subjects underwent treatment with (1) 120 mg PD orally or (2) 2 tablets of placebo orally, 60 minutes before intravenous (IV) injection of 100 micrograms GHRH-(1-29)NH2. We have found no significant differences in GH responses to GHRH between obese diabetics and obese controls. On the other hand, the absolute GH levels were significantly suppressed in lean type II diabetics compared with lean controls at 15 and 30 minutes after GHRH injection. Obese diabetic subjects had slightly but not significantly decreased GH responses to GHRH+PD compared with obese nondiabetic subjects (8.36 +/- 1.62 v 14.4 +/- 7.62 micrograms/L). Lean type II diabetics showed a blunted GH release after GHRH+PD compared with normal-weight healthy subjects (GH peaks, 15.77 +/- 2.17 v 40.88 +/- 6.17 micrograms/L, P < .05). PD enhanced significantly the GH response to GHRH in obese diabetics, obese controls, and non-obese controls (P < .05), but not in non-obese type II diabetics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Published: 1994
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38. Central dysregulations in the control of energy homeostasis and endocrine alterations in anorexia and bulimia nervosa

Author: Antonio Torsello, Elena Bresciani, I. Bulgarelli, D. Rapetti, F. Brambilla, Laura Tamiazzo, Vittorio Locatelli, Torsello, A, Brambilla, F, Tamiazzo, L, Bulgarelli, I, Rapetti, D, Bresciani, E, and Locatelli, V
Subjects: Central Nervous System, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, media_common.quotation_subject, feeding behavior, Endocrine System, Anorexia, Biology, Bioinformatics, Energy homeostasis, Endocrinology, appetite control, Internal medicine, medicine, Homeostasis, Humans, Bulimia Nervosa, BIO/14 - FARMACOLOGIA, media_common, Bulimia nervosa, Leptin, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Appetite, medicine.disease, Eating disorders, endocrine disregulation, bulimia, Anorexia nervosa (differential diagnoses), Ghrelin, medicine.symptom, Energy Metabolism
Abstract: In the last decades we have come to understand that the hypothalamus is a key region in controlling energy homeostasis. A number of control models have been proposed to explain the regulation of feeding behavior in physiological and pathological conditions, but all those based on imbalances of single factors fail to explain the disrupted regulation of energy supply in eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, as well as other psychiatric disorders. A growing amount of evidence demonstrates that many signaling molecules originated within the brain or coming from the adipose tissue or the gastro-enteric tract are involved in the highly complex process controlling food intake and energy expenditure. The recent discovery of leptin, ghrelin, and other factors have made it possible to penetrate in the still undefined pathophysiology of eating disorders with the hope of finding effective treatments for such diseases.
Published: 2008

39. Hexarelin modulates the expression of growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a mRNA at hypothalamic and pituitary sites

Author: Roberta Avallone, Michael O. Thorner, Antonio Torsello, Ralf Nass, Elena Bresciani, Eugenio E. Müller, Vittorio Locatelli, Bruce D. Gaylinn, Bresciani, E, Nass, R, Torsello, A, Gaylinn, B, Avallone, R, Locatelli, V, Thorner, M, and Muller, E
Subjects: Male, endocrine system, Pituitary gland, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hypothalamus, Biology, Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, medicine, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Animals, RNA, Messenger, Receptor, Receptors, Ghrelin, BIO/14 - FARMACOLOGIA, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Age Factors, Growth hormone–releasing hormone, molecular neuroendocrinology, growth hormone secretagogue, Rats, medicine.anatomical_structure, Pituitary Gland, Secretagogue, Ghrelin, Oligopeptides, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Endocrine gland, Hormone
Abstract: Ghrelin and the synthetic growth hormone secretagogues (GHSs) activate a G-protein-coupled receptor (GHS-R) originally cloned from the pituitary, but which is also expressed in the hypothalamus, in other areas of the brain and in numerous peripheral tissues. Several studies have shown that growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone ( GHRH) is necessary for GHSs to exert maximal GH release in vivo. The exact mechanism of this synergism is not clear. Previous data suggest that GHSs can affect pituitary GHS-R mRNA expression; however, it is unknown whether this effect is age dependent and whether hypothalamic GHS-Rs are also affected. In this study, we tested whether ( a) the synthetic GHS hexarelin regulates mRNA expression of its own receptor at the pituitary and/or hypothalamus and whether this effect is age dependent, and (b) whether short-term treatment with GHRH or, conversely, passive immunization against GHRH affects pituitary GHS-R1a mRNA expression in infant ( 10 days old) and young adult rats. GHS-R1a mRNA expression was measured with competitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Hexarelin treatment significantly increased pituitary and hypothalamic GHS-R1a mRNA levels in normal infant rats, but not in normal young adult rats. In addition, hexarelin administration also stimulated pituitary GHS-R1a mRNA in infant as well as in young adult rats passively immunized against GHRH. GHRH treatment significantly enhanced pituitary GHS-R1a mRNA expression in GHRH-deprived young adult rats, though it did not affect the basal levels of GHS-R1a mRNA in normal infant and adult rats. These data further support the hypothesis that GHRH can affect GHS-R1a expression and that hexarelin upregulates the expression of its own receptor at the pituitary as well as the hypothalamus in an age-dependent fashion. Copyright (C) 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel.
Published: 2004

40. Ghrelin plays a minor role in the physiological control of cardiac function in the rat

Author: Elena Bresciani, Giovanni Tulipano, I. Bulgarelli, Giuseppe Rossoni, Roberta Avallone, Ferruccio Berti, Antonio Torsello, Vittorio Locatelli, Daniela Cocchi, Romano Deghenghi, Torsello, A, Bresciani, E, Rossoni, G, Avallone, R, Tulipano, G, Cocchi, D, Bulgarelli, I, Deghenghi, R, Berti, F, and Locatelli, V
Subjects: Cardiac function curve, CD36 Antigens, Male, cardiovascular damage, medicine.medical_specialty, Cardiotonic Agents, Peptide Hormones, Ischemia, In Vitro Techniques, GHS, hexarelin, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Endocrinology, Reperfusion therapy, Internal medicine, ipoxia-reperfusion, medicine, Animals, rat, RNA, Messenger, Receptor, BIO/14 - FARMACOLOGIA, Hypophysectomy, biology, ghrelin, cardiac ischemia and reperfusion, business.industry, Myocardium, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Immunization, Passive, Heart, medicine.disease, Ghrelin, Rats, Reperfusion Injury, biology.protein, Coronary perfusion pressure, Creatine kinase, Secretagogue, business, Oligopeptides, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Atrial Natriuretic Factor
Abstract: We have previously reported that a 7-d pretreatment with hexarelin, a synthetic ligand of the GH secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), largely prevented damages induced by ischemia and reperfusion in isolated rat hearts. Our aim was to ascertain whether ghrelin, an endogenous ligand of the GHS-R, is physiologically endowed with cardioprotective activity. Hypophysectomized rats were treated in vivo for 7 d with either ghrelin (320 microg/kg) or hexarelin (80 microg/kg), and their hearts were subjected in vitro to the ischemia and reperfusion procedure. Ghrelin was far less effective than hexarelin in preventing increases in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (15% and 60% protection for ghrelin and hexarelin, respectively), coronary perfusion pressure (10% and 45% reduction), and release of creatine kinase in the heart perfusate (15% and 55% reduction). In the second experiment, normal rats were passively immunized against ghrelin for 21 d before the ischemia and reperfusion procedure. In these isolated hearts, the ischemia-reperfusion damage was not significantly increased compared with control rats. After hypophysectomy, CD36 mRNA levels significantly increased, whereas those of atrial natriuretic factor significantly decreased. We conclude that: 1) ghrelin plays a minor role in the control of heart function; and 2) hexarelin effects are mediated in part by the GHS-R and largely by interactions with the CD36.
Published: 2003

41. Novel hexarelin analogs stimulate feeding in the rat through a mechanism not involving growth hormone release

Author: R. Grilli, Margherita Guidi, Marina Luoni, Elena Bresciani, Vittorio Locatelli, Romano Deghenghi, Antonio Torsello, Eugenio E. Müller, Francesca Schweiger, Torsello, A, Luoni, M, Schweiger, F, Grilli, R, Guidi, M, Bresciani, E, Deghenghi, R, Müller, E, and Locatelli, V
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Biology, Growth hormone, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Growth Substance, Feeding behavior, Orexigenic, Internal medicine, Small peptide, medicine, Gh release, Animals, Animal species, Growth Substances, BIO/14 - FARMACOLOGIA, Pharmacology, Animal, Mechanism (biology), Feeding Behavior, Rats, Endocrinology, Growth Hormone, Systemic administration, Rat, Oligopeptide, Oligopeptides, medicine.drug
Abstract: Growth hormone-releasing peptides (GHRPs) are a class of small peptides that stimulate growth hormone (GH) release in several animal species, including the human. Moreover, GHRPs injected into the brain ventricles stimulate feeding in the rat. The aim of this study was to evaluate the GH-releasing properties of a series of novel GHRP analogs and the possible existence of functional correlations between the GH-releasing activity and the effects on feeding behavior. Two well-known hexapeptides, GHRP-6 and hexarelin, given s.c., dose dependently stimulated both GH release and feeding behavior in satiated rats. However, in a series of tri-, penta- and hexapeptide analogs of hexarelin, some compounds were active either on GH release or on eating behavior. Interestingly, even minor structural modifications resulted in major changes of the pharmacological profile. We conclude that GHRPs have orexigenic properties after systemic administration which are largely independent from the effects they exert on GH release.
Published: 1998

42. Effects of metoclopramide on the paradoxical growth hormone response to galanin in acromegaly

Author: Mauro Doga, Corrado Bodini, Andrea Giustina, Simonetta Bossoni, Anna Rosa Bussi, Enrico Bresciani, Giustina, Andrea, Doga, M, Bodini, C, Bossoni, S, Bresciani, E, and Bussi, Ar
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Metoclopramide, medicine.medical_treatment, Radioimmunoassay, Neuropeptide, Galanin, Body Mass Index, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Acromegaly, Medicine, Humans, Infusions, Intravenous, Saline, Aged, business.industry, Dopaminergic, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Growth hormone secretion, Growth Hormone, Pituitary Gland, Female, business, Peptides, medicine.drug, Hormone
Abstract: Galanin is able to enhance growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone stimulated GH secretion in normal man. In acromegaly circulating GH levels are elevated and the GH response to GHRH may be exaggerated. Galanin has been recently shown to decrease circulating GH levels in acromegaly. Dopaminergic drugs were the only previously known agents able to cause a paradoxical GH fall in acromegaly. Aim of our study was to investigate the effects of a potent central dopaminergic receptor blocker, metoclopramide (MCP), on the galanin-induced paradoxical GH secretion in acromegalic subjects. Two male and three female patients with active acromegaly (age range 44-66 years, body mass index range 24.6-28 Kg/m2) were studied after 45 min i.v. infusion of porcine galanin (0.5 mg in 100 ml of saline) from 0 to 45 min combined with a 60 min i.v. infusion of a) saline (100 ml) or b) MCP (10 mg in 100 ml of saline) from -15 to 45 min. After galanin, GH values fell from baseline (27.5 +/- 10 micrograms/L) to a mean nadir of 16.4 +/- 6.1 micrograms/L; after galanin + MCP, circulating GH levels were also decreased (mean nadir 17.3 +/- 8.1 micrograms/L) in all the patients with respect to baseline (23.6 +/- 9.7 micrograms/L). No significant differences were found in absolute or percent of baseline GH levels after galanin+saline vs galanin + MCP. Our results suggest that the paradoxical GH fall after galanin in acromegalic patients is not mediated through dopaminergic receptor. It can be hypothesized that galanin may interact at the pituitary level with its own receptors expressed by GH-secreting adenomatous cells.
Published: 1993

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