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After Hofstede proposed individualism-collectivism (IDV-COLL) as a dimension of national culture, numerous studies have used that name to refer to individual-level psychological constructs, based on theories and empirical operationalizations that are not necessarily compatible with the Hofstede tradition. This has created confusion. In this study, we investigate whether the two revised Minkov-Hofstede dimensions of national culture - IDV-COLL and “flexibility-monumentalism” (FLX-MON) - have individual-level counterparts and if they are isomorphic (have the same structure at both levels of analysis). We find that the three main conceptual facets of national COLL (conformism, ascendancy, and exclusionism) and the three of MON (self-esteem, self-stability, and generosity) materialize as six independent individual-level dimensions in a nationally representative sample from Mongolia ( n = 1500). This structure emerged in a confirmatory factor analysis, multidimensional scaling, and hierarchical cluster analyses. This is the first series of analyses of the structure of the individual-level ingredients of national IDV-COLL and FLX-MON

How reliable are online social scientific surveys in non-democratic contexts? To address this question, we compared the data from two web surveys (WSs), conducted in Russia in 2018 and 2020 using opt-in panels, to the offline data from the 7th wave of the World Values Survey (fieldwork in Russia 2017) and the 2010 Russian Census data. We found that (a) the overall quality of the data from WSs is comparable to that of the data from the offline sample; (b) online respondents express more liberal views on such issues as homosexuality, abortion, and divorce, as well as gender equality, compared to offline respondents (by about 10% of the total scale range for each domain); and (c) different survey modes produce slightly different nomological networks of value orientations. We also tested several competing explanations of (b) and concluded that the most likely one is less pronounced social desirability bias in WSs.

The textbook has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation and covers all sections of the standard training course "Money. Credit. Banks". The material is structured and gives a comprehensive view of the main elements that make up the country's monetary system and its institutions. For students and teachers of economic universities, researchers and practitioners.

Introduction. The article proposed to the reader aims at fixing universal historicity in the reconstruction of history by one of the most sought-after and well-known American futurists, Alvin Toffler. An analysis of his concept from such a perspective allows us to identify in modern concepts and, accordingly, in postmodernity (post-industrial era) genetic links with the previous tradition associated with the industrial era, which allows us to explore modern cultural trends, which seems to be an extremely urgent task for humanitarian knowledge. Such an approach to the study of modern futurological concepts in general, and E. Toffler's futurology in particular, has not been applied, and therefore the author's approach has both extreme relevance and theoretical novelty.Methodology and sources. The obtained research results were based on a comparative and textual analysis of the texts of the American thinker (Toffler E. “The Third Wave”, “Shock of the Future”), as well as texts of authors who thematized the universal historical model of understanding the historical process (G. Hegel). In carrying out the genetic and comparative analysis of E. Toffler, the author uses the results of his own research on the genesis of the historical consciousness of the New European culture. The analysis of the texts of E. Toffler and post-industrial society was carried out using modern critical studies (E.I. Furs, K. Ratti, M. Claudel).Results and discussion. The model of universal history, which has its origin in the Sacred History of Christianity, has the following basic essential characteristics: 1) the presence of the figure of the so-called transcendental signified, i.e. the mental topos that controls the historical process (in Christian history, God is such, in Hegel's system – the dialectical unfolding of the concept, in Marxist philosophy – the struggle of productive forces and production relations; 2) the understanding of the historical process as totality; 3) the presence of a common telos of historical development; 4) a special status of a real actor of a historical event (disenfranchised, “puppet”); 5) a universal homogeneous environment for the unfolding of the historical process; 6) the stages of the historical process.The comparative analysis of the reconstruction of Alvin Toffler's views and the main characteristics of universal history, as well as the use of critical sources on the subject of the article, shows that for all the essential points listed above, history, as it is built by the American futurist, is undoubtedly a universal history.Conclusion. The use of such an outdated point of view of modern mentality, the vision of the historical process actually fulfills two important tasks, which the author of the article focuses on. 1. The opportunity to see and evaluate rapid changes from the point of view of the future (as stated by Toffler himself). 2. Infection of the future with the models and approaches of the previous industrial society, which clarifies the processes of building the modern cultural situation, allowing you to understand current development trends.

Today the term ‘quantum’ is often encountered in the media, not only in connection with scientific research and technology, but also in combination with almost anything that may come to mind. You can find quantum chocolate, the quantum car, soap, love, the mind, the soul, etc. This reflects, on one hand, how the notion of quantum physics is somehow associated to efficiency and technological power, but also how the counterintuitive behaviour of quantum mechanics remains elusive to most people. As we are entering an era of quantum technologies, it is essential to shed some light on the basic principles of quantum physics. Games can provide a versatile and fun way to immerse people from all backgrounds to the counterintuitive rules of the quantum world.

This paper investigates the association between changes in the labor market status and subjective well-being of Russians during the COVID-19 pandemic. The materials of the first stage of the international project “Values in crisis” form the empirical dataset. Regression analysis shows that individuals who lost their jobs or closed their business during the initial period of the pandemic are somewhat less satisfied with their lives than those who did not. Being reduced to part-time work and working from home are not directly related to subjective well-being. At the same time, the strength of the association between subjective well-being and possible changes of the labor market status depends on such factors as the presence of children, as well as the value of self-enhancement (according to Schwartz) and conscientiousness (one of the Big Five personality traits). The job or business loss is associated with a decrease in subjective well-being among respondents without children; this association is not observed among those with children. In addition, the negative relationship between life satisfaction and job or business loss is stronger among individuals with high level of self-enhancement and weaker among those with high level of conscientiousness. Among respondents who had to switch to part-time or remote work, having children reduces the level of subjective well-being; among those without such experience, it is positively associated with subjective well-being.

In construction, thin-walled reinforced concrete spatial structures are used both for unique roofs of large-span buildings and for mass buildings of the pavilion type and small architectural forms. The most serious obstacle to the widespread application of economical thin-walled reinforced concrete structures is the shortcomings of the technology used for the manufacture and installation of prefabricated shell elements. The method of bending just formed flat flexible plates to give them a curved shape is one of the most promising technological methods that allow you to abandon the use of expensive metal forms of complex curved outlines, significantly simplify all production processes. The article describes the experience of research and development of structural decisions for spatial structures of building roofs with the use of unified rhombic elements made by the method of bending a flat just formed sheet on a flexible formwork.

Использование онлайн-опросов имеет ряд преимуществ перед традиционными интервью: они дешевле, быстрее, доступнее, а также минимизируют влияние методологических факторов, таких как эффекты интервьюера. Отсутствие последних особенно важно при проведении исследований на сенситивные темы, так как в результате снижается доля социально одобряемых ответов. В то же время онлайн-опросы редко позволяют получить репрезентативные данные, что может приводить к ошибкам измерения и смещению содержательных оценок. В настоящем исследовании сравнивается качество данных офлайн- и онлайн-опросов в России. Для этого материалы двух онлайн-опросов («Ценности в кризисе» и «Онлайн-2018») сопоставляются с результатами седьмой волны Всемирного исследования ценностей в плане социально-демографических профилей и ценностных установок респондентов (на примере ценностей выбора и ценностей равенства). Показано, что данные онлайн-опросов репрезентативны по полу и возрасту, однако в них представлено меньше респондентов с низким уровнем образования и жителей сельской местности. Вместе с тем результаты говорят о наличии измерительной инвариантности факторной модели ценностных установок между двумя типами выборок, что позволяет напрямую сравнить полученные в ходе онлайн-исследований ценностные распределения с данными офлайн-опросов. В то же время в онлайн-выборках средние значения обоих ценностных индексов выше практически во всех социально-демографических группах. Благодарность. Статья подготовлена в рамках гранта, предоставленного Министерством науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (№ соглашения о предоставлении гранта: 075-15-2022-325).

The research focuses on the analysis and ranking of effects from the implementation of blockchain technology. Currently, most of the work in this area is devoted to the introduction of blockchain technology into information systems, the functions of which are usually limited to a specific area of operation. At the same time, as the analysis reported, the capabilities of application of blockchain technologies go beyond one area of operation. Banking, the public sector and the healthcare sector are the most important sectors for the implementation of blockchain technology. Companies are interested in introducing blockchain technology into their information systems, but they are unable to quickly analyze the effects of this technology. The article proposes to use a new method of multi-criteria evaluation of these effects, which is based on the idea of sharing inaccurate product models of decision-maker preferences, as well as theory of planning experiments aimed at extracting and using expert’s knowledge about blockchain technology.

A key condition for accomplishing a mission of an unmanned spacecraft consists in providing it with resources. Resources can be replenished through synergetic observations of processes in cases where measured data are partially or fully missing or lacking for some of the controlled objects by means of measuring parameters of the processes characterizing the operation of other controlled objects. As an example, the paper discusses provisioning of resources for the process of controlling the motion about the center of mass by means of synergetic observations in cases where no inertial instrument was available for measuring the angular rate vector in the system controlling the motion of the geostationary communications satellite Yamal-200. Specifically, the observation is based on the operation of transitive closure of the binary relation defined on the base set of processes in the onboard systems and ground assets for radio interactions with the onboard systems of the unmanned spacecraft. Key words: unmanned spacecraft, control process, measuring data, binary relations, transitive closure, provision of resources.

We introduce an experimentally accessible network representation for many-body quantum states based on entanglement between all pairs of its constituents. We illustrate the power of this representation by applying it to a paradigmatic spin chain model, the XX model, and showing that it brings to light new phenomena. The analysis of these entanglement networks reveals that the gradual establishment of quasi-long range order is accompanied by a symmetry regarding single-spin concurrence distributions, as well as by instabilities in the network topology. Moreover, we identify the existence of emergent entanglement structures, spatially localized communities enforced by the global symmetry of the system that can be revealed by model-agnostic community detection algorithms. The network representation further unveils the existence of structural classes and a cyclic self-similarity in the state, which we conjecture to be intimately linked to the community structure. Our results demonstrate that the use of tools and concepts from complex network theory enables the discovery, understanding and description of new physical phenomena even in models studied for decades. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Emergent phenomena in complex physical and socio-technical systems: from cells to societies’.

The article shows that in proactive management of complex technical objects, it is very important to carry out multivariate forecasting of their state. A generalized model and methods for carrying out the specifi ed forecasting are proposed, based, fi rstly, on the original logical-dynamic description of the processes under study, and, secondly, on the construction and approximation of the reachable regions of the investigated dynamic processes that defi ne the entire set of potential trajectories of SRT movement in the multidimensional space of system-technical parameters.

International audience; The research on supply chain (SC) digitalization, resilience, sustainability and leagility has remarkably progressed, most of it focused on the individual contributions of these four major determinants to the firm's profitability and competitiveness. Though, there appears to be a lack of conceptual guidance surrounding their roles and interplays as an integrity. We hypothesize that such an integrity frames a new kind of SC networks, or even a new understanding of the SCs. We theorize a new notion-a Reconfigurable SC or the X-network-that exhibits some crucial design and control characteristics for complex value-adding systems in highly vulnerable environments. Utilizing abductive approach and a systematic bibliometric co-occurrence analysis of 1383 articles along with tertiary studies, we review and investigate contextual factors of designing the X-networks. We propose respective frameworks and discuss the implementation principles and technologies at the macro and micro levels. Two novel concepts-dynamic SC meta-structures and dynamic autonomous services-are introduced and formalized. Distinctively, we go beyond the existing knowledge to predict proactively the future directions in the reconfigura-ble SCs. Alike our results can be of value for decision-makers to decipher systematically the chances and barriers in contemporary SC transformations.

Goal. The purpose of the study is to consider existing and promising approaches to solving the prob-lems of complex modeling and proactive management of socio-cyberphysical systems (SCPS). Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, the authors of the article used the methods of modern system analysis, integrated modeling and management decisions in complex organizational and technical objects, which include SCPS. Results. The article analyzes the main aspects of the investigated problem under study related to its con-structive description, the formation of the necessary data, information and knowledge for this, their constant updating based on the use of cyberphysical systems (CPS), as well as intelligent multimodal interfaces. In addition, the article describes the problem of the proactive management of SCPS at the set-theoretical level. Scientific novelty. The article proposes a new scientific approach based on the applied theory of proactive control of the structural dynamics of SCFS developed by the authors. It consists in the fact that, on the basis of it, as shown by preliminary studies, the following possibilities work out. Firstly, to directly relate those common goals, the achievement of which the functioning of a specific SCPS at a specific stage of its life cycle, with its strategic and tactical goals. Secondly, reasonably determine and choose the appropriate sequences of tasks and performed operations (actions) related to controlled structural dynamics (controlled by self-organization of SCPS). And, thirdly, to consciously find compromise multi-criteria solutions for the allocation of limited resources of SCPS allocated to control the structural dynamics of these systems in the conditions of possible crisis, emergency and emergency situations.

Введен в действие Свод правил СП 387.1325800.2018 «Железобетонные пространственные конструкции покрытий и перекрытий. Правила проектирования», в котором даны общие правила и требования к расчету и конструированию железобетонных оболочек, складок и других тонкостенных пространственных конструкций покрытий и перекрытий зданий и сооружений промышленного, гражданского и сельскохозяйственного строительства. Необходимость сопровождения теоретических положений практическими примерами расчета эффективных видов железобетонных пространственных конструкций обусловила разработку методических материалов по расчету и проектированию таких конструкций. Пособие содержит необходимые теоретические и практические рекомендации, а также примеры расчета основных типов железобетонных пространственных конструкций зданий и сооружений различного назначения. Среди представленных примеров сферический купол, оболочки различных видов, складки. Пособие включает рекомендации по физическому моделированию железобетонных пространственных конструкций.

Around 30% to 70% of products in retail and services experience low demand, including spare parts and components for nearly all types of machinery and equipment industries. A detailed analysis of stock forecasting methods for the low demand represents a research gap in inventory management. The existing clustering methods, that is, ABC analysis and XYZ analysis (based on coefficient of variation), do not allow identification of the consumption process dynamics and, therefore, cannot be used for the classification and improvement of forecasting models for stock consumption. This paper surveys special cases of inventory management with low demand. The results of one- and two-dimensional stock classifications are presented. The limitations of the economic order quantity (EOQ) model for inventory management strategies are determined. Methods of inventory parameter calculations for products with low demand are suggested. Integrated time series forecasting models, along with algorithms to estimate the inventory forecasting parameters, are proposed with regard to products with low demand. The basis for the suggested models is the following concept: all the available sources of quantitative and qualitative information should be used for managerial decision-making under uncertainty and risk. Calculations for time series with low demand are conducted for testing purposes. The obtained results confirm the adequateness of the suggested concept, aimed at solving the problem of cost reduction in supply chains.

В статье представлен сравнительный анализ отечественных нормативных документов и европейских стандартов, содержащих технические требования и эксплуатационные характеристики бетонов и правила их изготовления. Установлены связи между техническими требованиями и возможностью прямого применения европейских стандартов в российской строительной индустрии. В процессе работы проводились исследования качественных характеристик бетона, полученных на основе применения европейских и отечественных методик. По результатам выполненного мониторинга нормативных документов и лабораторных исследований сделан вывод о необходимости выполнения работ по определению возможности взаимосвязи требований ГОСТ 31384-2017 «Защита бетонных и железобетонных конструкций от коррозии. Общие технические требования» по прочности, водонепроницаемости и морозостойкости с частью рекомендуемых технологических требований по предельным величинам, назначаемым при подборе состава бетона по ГОСТ Р 57345-2016/EN 206-1:2013 «Бетон. Общие технические условия».

The article analyzes the possibility of using Bluetooth technology with low power consumption to solve the problem of object identification. The analysis and comparison of methods for solving the problem of navigation into the room and the problem of identification is carried out. The features in the methodology and algorithm are revealed. A set of invariant software and technical solutions, common for all cases and independent of the application features, is proposed, the implementation of which is necessary to solve the identification problem.

The report describes a new methodology and technology for the design and use of 6 basic subsystems that are part of the created cognitive-synergetic analytical platform. These subsystems include: subsystems for decomposition and stratification of the flight control process by automatic spacecraft (ASC); subsystems for constructing a cognitive aggregate-flow metamodel of the ASC flight control process; subsystems of cognitive-synergetic observations and analysis of the ASC flight control process; subsystems of adaptive variable-synergetic planning of proactive control of the ASC flight; subsystems of situational adaptation of ASC flight control; subsystems of cognitive - graphical visual presentation of the results of modeling the flight control processes of the ASC.

The paper deals with the development of models and algorithms for integrated planning and scheduling of functioning and modernization of complex technical objects information systems. The paper proposes a combined algorithm for the optimal distribution and assignment of heterogeneous operations in enterprise information systems (EIS) and complex technical objects, within which these operate. A distinctive feature of the proposed approach is the ability to rely on the fundamental theory of control of complex dynamic objects. This makes it possible to significantly reduce the dimension of the problem to be solved, increase the validity of decisions made and develop reference programs for the modernization of the EIS, which could not be done before. This work continues the research conducted earlier in [11, 21].

This article offers a gentle introduction to the measurement invariance (MI) literature with a focus on its relevance to comparative political research. It reviews 1) the conceptual foundations of MI; 2) standard procedures of testing for MI in practical applications within the multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) paradigm; and 3) two novel approaches to MI, Bayesian approximate measurement invariance, and MGCFA alignment optimization, which are especially suitable for dealing with extremely heterogeneous data from large-scale comparative surveys typical for modern political science. It then provides an empirical illustration of the key concepts and methods from the MGCFA-MI literature by applying them to testing for MI of two recently introduced measures of democracy attitudes, so-called liberal and authoritarian notions of democracy, across 60 countries in the sixth round of the World Values Survey. These analyses show that both measures can be considered reliable comparative measures of democratic attitudes, although for different reasons. Finally, this study emphasizes that some survey-based constructs, e.g., authoritarian notions of democracy, do not follow the reflective (correlation-based) logic of construct development. These alternative measures, known as formative measures, do not assume strong correlations between their indicators, for which reason it is inappropriate to test their comparability using the reflective MGCFA approach. Instead, their comparability can be tied to their correlations with theoretically relevant external variables.

Data from the simulations presented inarXiv:2104.00569, and generated with the code published inhttps://github.com/matteoacrossi/adapt_ic-povm # Instructions The file data.tar contains the following files: hamiltonians_h_chain.pickle hamiltonians_params.json hamiltonians.pickle chemistry.feather h_chain.feather tomography_counts_data.jsonl fidelities_tomo.json The files `hamiltonians*` contain the Hamiltonians considered in the paper, as well as the corresponding exact ground states and example VQE ground states. The files `chemistry.feather` and `h_chain.feather` contain all the results for the molecules and hydrogen chain (respectively). The files `tomography_counts_data.jsonl` and `fidelities_tomo.json` contain (respectively) the raw data for tomographical reconstruction and the fidelities of the reconstructed density matrices used to produce Fig. 5. The files can be processed using the Figures.ipynb file in the linked repository. Please refer to the README.md file for more detail on how to use and reproduce this data

A development of work to combat the asteroid hazard requires construction and study of areas of outer space in which moving spacecraft-interceptors can affect asteroids. In this paper, such areas are called attack lines, the spatio-temporal characteristics of which depend on the parameters of the asteroid’s orbits and the phase coordinates of the nodal points. At these points the trajectory intersects the asteroids and the orbital planes of the spacecraft-interceptors. In the case of the impact of spacecraft-interceptors on asteroids at nodal points, the study of the spatio-temporal characteristics of the lines of attack, taking into account restrictions on the relative speeds between asteroids and spacecraft-interceptors, is of particular importance. Building and analyzing the corresponding zones of reverse reach are suggested. In the article, the developed models include a simulation model, using which random angles between the projections of the velocity vectors of asteroids on a plane of the orbits of spacecraft-interceptors and the current directions on the hodographs of their velocity vectors at nodal points, as well as an analytical model for estimating the spatio-temporal characteristics of boundaries are simulated attacks of asteroids, including: the radii of their external and internal boundaries for certain values of the latitude arguments and arrival time of spacecraft-interceptors at modal points. Testing these models and the corresponding characteristics of the attack lines were carries out during computational experiments on two cyclic modeling of the angles between the projections of the velocity vectors of asteroids on the plane of the orbits of interceptor spacecraft and the current directions on the hodographs of their velocity vectors at nodal points. The results obtained made it possible to verify and validate the developed models, on the basis of which a conclusion was drawn about the required degree of their applicability. In the paper also a procedure for estimating the parameters of attack lines, depending on the values of the arguments of the latitudes of interceptor spacecraft and their altitudes above the Earth's surface is proposed. At the same time, an approach is substantiated for estimating the spatio-temporal characteristics of the boundaries of attack of asteroids by spacecraft-interceptors for any inside the planar parameters of their orbits.

The studies on supply chain (SC) disruption management frequently assume the existence of some negative scenarios and suggest ways to proactively protect and reactively recover the SC operations and performance if such scenarios occur. Though, there is a paucity of research on how to support methodologically the detection of realistic disruption scenarios, ideally of different risk aversion degrees. The contribution of our study lies in a conceptualization of a new methodical approach to the detection of disruption scenarios, ripple effect dispersal and recovery paths in supply chains on the basis of structural genomes. The objective is to integrate and expand the existing knowledge gained isolated in robustness analysis and recovery planning into a comprehensive framework for building a theory as well as for managerial purposes. The outcomes of this research constitute a useful decision-making support tool that allows detecting disruption scenarios at different risk-aversion levels based on the quantification of the structural robustness with the use of the genome method and observing the scope of disruption propagation, i.e., the ripple effect. The advantage of using a robustness computation by the genome method is that this allows detecting both the disruption scenarios of different severity, the ripple effect dispersal, and the corresponding recovery paths. Our results can be of value for decision-makers to compare different supply chain structural designs regarding the robustness and to identify disruption scenarios that interrupt the supply chain operations to different extents. The scenario detection can be further used for identifying optimal reconfiguration paths to deploy proactive contingency and reactive recovery policies. We show a correlation between the risk aversion degree of disruption scenarios and the outcomes of the reconfiguration policies.

This article presents the results of the development and testing of a system for operational forecasting of river flooding. This system is based on the use of a complex of hydrological and hydrodynamic models and in-situ and satellite data. It is implemented on the basis of service-oriented architecture. A distinctive feature of the system is its full automation of the entire modeling cycle, from the initial data loading to the results of interpretation, visualization, and notification of stakeholders. The theoretical background for ensuring the coordinated functioning of system components is provided by the qualimetry of the models and polymodel complexes that have been developed by the authors. The implementation of the system’s software was performed using open source and free tools. The results of testing indicate the possibility of the widespread introduction of such systems for authorities and emergency services.

This article gives the results of developing and testing a system for operational river flood forecasting, which is based on a system of hydrological and hydrodynamic models, as well as ground-observation and satellite data. This system is implemented on the basis of service-oriented architecture. A specific feature of the system is fully automated implementation of the entire modeling cycle—from loading input data to interpreting and visualizing the results and alerting the interested parties. The theoretical basis for coherent functioning of all system components is the qualimetry of models and polymodel complexes developed by the authors. The practical implementation is based on open codes and freeware. The results of testing demonstrate the potential for a wide introduction of such systems in the activities of territorial authorities and emergency services.

Recently, the applications of Blockchain technology have begun to revolutionise different aspects of supply chain (SC) management. Among others, Blockchain is a platform to execute the smart contra...

This study develops a resilience control model and computational algorithm for simultaneous structural–operational design of supply chain (SC) structural dynamics and recovery policy control. Our model integrates both structural recovery control in the SC as a whole and the corresponding functional recovery control at individual firms in the SC. Such a comprehensive combination is unique in literature and affords more realistic application to SC resilience control decisions. The focus of our study is to advance insights into feedback-driven understanding of resilience within open system control context. We construct a model that allows theorizing the notion of SC resilience within a disruption dynamics profile as a product of degradation and recovery control loops and examine the conditions for changes of disruption profile states. We show that the deviations from the resilient trajectory are associated with structural and performance degradation, and the recovery operations in structural adaptation yield the performance recovery. We contribute to existing works by comprehensively modelling structural dynamics and operational dynamics within an integrated feedback-driven framework to enable proactive SC resilience control. Our approach conceptualizes a new perspective as compared to the more common closed system view where SC resilience is treated from the performance equilibrium point of view. The proposed approach can help explain and improve the firms’ operations in multiple ways. First, the combination of structural and functional dynamics can help revealing the latent supply–demand allocations which would be disrupted in case of particular changes in the SC design and suggest re-allocations of supply and demand Second, the model can be used to perform the dynamic analysis of SC disruption and recovery and to explain the reasons of SC performance degradation and restoration. This analysis can be further used to improve SC risk mitigation policies and recovery plans.

In the frameworks of supply chain risk management, dynamics, and resilience, control theoretic approaches can be considered as useful tools to tackle the issues of performance achievement under operational and disruption risks. New analytics technologies in the framework of Industry 4.0, big data analytics and artificial intelligence resulted in the creation of new domains, i.e., cyber physical supply chains and supply chain risk analytics. As such two trends can be observed, i.e., integration of analytics into control theory (so called intellectualization of control) and integration of analytics into supply chain risk management (so called cyber-physical supply chains and risk analytics). This study brings the discussion forward by integrating these two perspectives. It analyses how control theory can enhance the risk analytics in the cyber-physical supply chain. Based on literature and case-study analysis, the frameworks of cyber physical supply chain and risk analytics control are derived. In this setting, further development of interdisciplinary approaches to supply chain optimization and simulation with disruption risk considerations on the basis of control analytics is argued.

In this paper according to complex modeling approach and applying cyber-physical systems is proposed to use control theoretic description of supply chain. Cyber-physical systems are automatic control systems, which used to combine various objects by means of multichannel measuring systems with embedded software in various types of hierarchical structures. We modify multiple-model description of the supply chain by adding the dynamic model of measuring and computing operations control. The extended model allow us to describe the process of receiving the necessary information about the current state of the system. Cyber-physical systems have been applied and the classical methods of optimal program and position control have been transferred and modified for supply chain management (management of organizational and technological systems).

This article discusses the results of solving the problems of modernization programs and plans synthesis for cyber-physical production systems (CPPS), which are based on integrated modeling (IM) technologies. The main advantage of IM is that the combined use of alternative models, methods and algorithms allows to compensate their objectively existing shortcomings and limitations while enhancing their positive qualities. In the paper, this advantage of IM is illustrated by the example of interconnection technologies of IM and technologies of CPPS modernization programs and plans synthesis.

In the digital economy, information systems have a significant impact on supply chain management. However, there is a need for further development of theoretical knowledge and mathematical models, including methods for managing risk in complex supply networks to best serve customer orders. In the supply chain operations reference (SCOR) model, reliability is assessed by calculating perfect order parameters. The component/process reliability is calculated as the product of the weighted averages of the perfect order parameters, and possible combinations of failure features are not taken into account. This paper presents an approach to probabilistic estimation of perfect order parameters based on the general theorem on the repetition of experiments, and proposes to use a binomial distribution to approximate the values obtained. The obtained results make it possible to assess the efficiency of possible measures (increasing the insurance stock, replacing the carrier, etc.) to improve the reliability of perfect order fulfilment.

The report proposes an application of five-level viable system model introduced by an outstanding cyberneticist S. Beer for modeling of socio-cyber-physical systems (SCPS). Due to a flexible combination of hierarchical and network management mechanisms, the model makes it possible to find the necessary (depending on the current situation) compromise between centralization and decentralization of goals, functions, tasks and operations performed in a relevant organization and determining its specifics. The report proposes further development of Beer’s approach, including the methodology for modeling of SCPSs as viable systems, as well as their multiple-model description based on the dynamic interpretation of the processes occurring in the SCPSs. As the basic model, a generalized G-model Rbuilt on the basis of combining the mathematical apparatus of Petri nets with logical-dynamic models of programmed control of complexes of operations, flows, resources and structures of SCPS is proposed.

Papers related to solving practical problems in all areas of economic activity use the AHP methodology from the 1980s, proposed on the basis of studying a limited number of tangible objects. One possible option to overcome this situation could be a new approach based on probability theory and mathematical statistics. We used information obtained from processing 292 matrices collected between 2014 and 2020 and reflecting expert judgements. We were able to compare a particular expert’s judgement with an array of expert judgements from previous studies to refine the computational operations of the AHP. It was found that the probability estimates of the consistency indices for expert judgements differ significantly from the probability estimates for the generated values; e.g., for 6 \(\times\) 6 matrices, they differ by a factor of 20. The results of our study do not confirm the need to revise expert judgements if the consistency ratio (C.R.) is greater than 0.10, and confirm the need for more example calculations for tangible objects and for new dependencies to estimate intangible objects based on artificial intelligence models and methods.

In this article there are the concepts of modern Russian and foreign scientists who analyze the current state of the problems of modeling socio-cyber-physical systems (SCPS). Development of complex SCPS required the creation of new approaches, models, methods and technologies. But certain problems began to arise, starting from tasks such as research, modeling and using of the model. It is possible to obtain fundamentally new knowledge as a result of the fact that a human is presented in SCPS. This knowledge was not previously entered into the SCPS knowledge base or known to its resources [16]. Also there are problems associated with communication in socio-cyber-physical systems. For example, one of the problem is in the interaction between devices at the software level [1]. To eliminate the shortcomings, multimodal interfaces are being actively developed, which are aimed at creating a way of interaction between a computer and a person, similar to the interaction between humans. In this way we use all known modalities that are accepted for human communication. In addition, this development will help to solve the main problem of SCPS which means to increase reliability by duplicating information through several channels. There is also a problem in the development of technical requirements for socio-cyber-physical systems. The difficulty in developing such requirements is that they can change throughout the life cycle of the system due to the constant development of socio-cyber-physical systems.

Scheduling in Industry 4.0 systems belongs to a class of problems that have mixed structural-temporal-logical constraints. In other words, a strong coupling is considered when product and process are created simultaneously. As a result of the proven NP-hardness of such problems, solution methods have extensively utilized different decomposition principles. The known decomposition methods in discrete optimization are founded on the difficulties in deriving analytical properties. The existing solutions in continuous optimization are based on the maximum principle and yield a dynamic process decomposition using the natural logic of time. By combining the advantages of continuous and discrete optimization, this chapter develops a decomposition method for shop floor scheduling in Industry 4.0 manufacturing systems. Technically, this study proposes to decompose dynamically the large-scale assignment matrix according to the precedence relations between the operations of the jobs and considers only the operations that satisfy these precedence relations at a given time point in small-dimensional, discrete optimization models. Continuous optimization is used to generate a schedule from the assignments found in the discrete optimization models at each time point by extremizing the Hamiltonian function at this time point subject to scheduling objective(s). In addition, the execution of the operations in time can be accurately modeled in continuous time as a continuous state variable; the machine availability and capacity disturbances at the machines are also considered. The method developed provides further insights into decomposition methods for scheduling and is supported by an analytical analysis and an algorithmic realization.

This chapter develops a model for dynamic integrated scheduling of information services and logistics flows in the omnichannel system. The proposed service-oriented description makes it possible to coordinate the information services and material process schedules simultaneously. It also becomes possible to determine the volume of information services needed for physical supply processes. In addition, impact of disruptions in information services on the schedule execution in the physical structure is analyzed. The results provide a base for information service scheduling according to actual physical process execution.

International audience; The impact of digitalization and Industry 4.0 on the ripple effect and disruption risk control analytics in the supply chain (SC) is studied. The research framework combines the results from two isolated areas, i.e., the impact of digitalization on SC management (SCM) and the impact of SCM on the ripple effect control. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that connects business, information, engineering and analytics perspectives on digitalization and SC risks. This paper does not pretend to be encyclopedic, but rather analyzes recent literature and case-studies seeking to bring the discussion further with the help of a conceptual framework for researching the relationships between digitaliza-tion and SC disruptions risks. In addition, it emerges with a SC risk analytics framework. It analyzes perspectives and future transformations that can be expected in transition towards cyber-physical SCs. With these two frameworks, this study contributes to the literature by answering the questions of (1) what relations exist between big data analytics, Industry 4.0, additive manufacturing, advanced trace & tracking systems and SC disruption risks; (2) how digitalization can contribute to enhancing ripple effect control; and (3) what digital technology-based extensions can trigger the developments towards SC risk analytics.

This paper presents a survey on the applications of optimal control to scheduling in production, supply chain and Industry 4.0 systems with a focus on the deterministic maximum principle. The first objective is to derive major contributions, application areas, limitations, as well as research and application recommendations for the future research. The second objective is to explain control engineering models in terms of industrial engineering and production management. To achieve these objectives, optimal control models, qualitative methods of performance analysis and computational methods for optimal control are considered. We provide a brief historic overview and clarify major mathematical fundamentals whereby the control engineering terms are brought into correspondence with industrial engineering and management. The survey allows the grouping of models with only terminal constraints with application to master production scheduling, models with hybrid terminal–logical constraints with applications to ...

This article reports evidence of misspecification of the measurement model for the index of emancipative values, a value construct used as a key explanatory variable in many important contributions to political science. It shows that the scale on which the index is measured is noninvariant across cultural zones and countries in the World Values Survey. In addition, it demonstrates that the current index composition mixes different value dimensions and their actual associations with various political outcomes, in particular the index of effective democracy. However, an analysis using a novel approximate Bayesian approach shows that at least one specific subdimension of emancipative values, known as pro-choice values, truly exists and may be validly measured and compared cross-nationally. The article also contributes to the recent discussion on whether emancipative values are a reflective or a formative construct by providing thought experiments and empirical evidence supporting the former interpretation.