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Background. Homologous recombination repair (HRR) is the main mechanism of repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Its deficiency (HRD) is a common feature of epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs). BRCA1/2 mutations and/or other aberrations in genes of HRR are well known causes of HRD and genomic instability. Poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have revolutionized the management of BRCA mutant EOCs and demonstrated activity in HRD tumor cells. Determining HRD status can provide informations on the magnitude of benefit for PARPi therapy. Myriad MyChoice CDx is a next generation sequencing- based in vitro diagnostic test that assesses the Genomic Instability Score (GIS) which is an algorithmic measurement of loss of heterozygosity, telomeric allelic imbalance, and large-scale state transitions using DNA isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tumor tissue specimens. However Myriad MyChoice CDx, is a centrally performed and costly assay, with no reimbursement scheduled, at least in Italy. Methods. In this report, we described our experience in performing the HRD Focus AmoyDx (Amoy Diagnostics Ltd, Xiamen, Fujian, China) on the same samples of EOCs evaluated with Myriad MyChoiceCDx assay. Results. The overall percent agreement between AmoyDx and Myriad was 87.8% (65 of 74 tumors tested). All the 36 AmoyDx negative cases were confirmed to be negative by Myriad (negative predictive value, 100%). Conclusions. The concordance of the results with the gold standard Myriad MyChoice CDx assay suggest the feasibility and reliability of HRD testing in diagnostic laboratories with high-throughput NGS platforms and qualified personnel.

Epidemiological studies support the idea that multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial disease, overlapping genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. A better definition of environmental risks is critical to understand both etiology and the sex-related differences of MS. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) fully represents one of these risks. EDCs are natural or synthetic exogenous substances (or mixtures) that alter the functions of the endocrine system. Among synthetic EDCs, exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has been implicated in the etiology of MS, but to date, controversial data has emerged. Furthermore, nothing is known about bisphenol S (BPS), one of the most widely used substitutes for BPA. As exposure to bisphenols will not disappear soon, it is necessary to clarify their role also in this pathological condition defining their role in disease onset and course in both sexes. In this study, we examined, in both sexes, the effects of perinatal exposure to BPA and BPS in one of the most widely used mouse models of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Exposure to bisphenols seemed to be particularly deleterious in males. In fact, both BPA- and BPS-treated males showed anticipation of the disease onset and an increased motoneuron loss in the spinal cord. Overall, BPA-treated males also displayed an exacerbation of EAE course and an increase in inflammation markers in the spinal cord. Analyzing the consequences of bisphenol exposure on EAE will help to better understand the role of both xenoestrogens and endogenous estrogens on the sexually dimorphic characteristics of MS.

The kinetic energy of simulated rainfall is one of the parameters used to study the effect produced on the soil or a given crop. About this theme, we aim to determine the applicability of three commercial sprinkler heads for use in rainfall simulators by verifying the kinetic energy of the generated rainfall. Using an experimental workbench, the sprinkler heads were positioned at heights of 1.1, 2.1, and 3.1 m under pressures of 50, 100, and 150 kPa, which, when combined, generated 27 treatments with six repetitions. Using a disdrometer, the values for intensity (mm h-1) and kinetic energy (J.m-2.h-1) were collected. Three equations from the literature were employed to calculate the kinetic energy from the precipitation intensity provided by the disdrometer, allowing their comparison with the kinetic energy values measured by the disdrometer. The kinetic energy results measured by the disdrometer differed from the values calculated using the equations. The sprinkler heads P1, P2, and P3 did not generate rain droplets with kinetic energy similar to that of natural rainfall for the same intensity, thus not being qualified for use in rainfall simulators.

E Extratos de secreções de anfíbios da família Bufonidae têm sido estudados pelo potencial de controle direto de fitopatógenos, bem como na ativação de mecanismos de defesa contra doenças em plantas. Assim, este estudo analisa os efeitos de extratos de secreções glandulares de Rhaebo guttatus e Rhinela marina contra o fungo Phakopsora pachyrhizi e na biometria de plantas de soja da cultivar TMG 132 RR. Aos 30 dias após semeadura, notou-se o surgimento espontâneo da doença e, dois dias após o surgimento das primeiras pústulas, as plantas foram tratadas com extratos de secreções glandulares nas concentrações de 0,1; 0,2; 0,3; 0,4 e 0,5 mg mL-1, acibenzolar-S-metil (500 L ha) e água destilada. Com relação ao número total de trifólios, teores de clorofila a, b e total não houve diferença estatística entre os tratamentos. Nas avaliações biométricas, o extrato de secreção glandular de R. guttatus proporcionou diferença estatística apenas na variável altura de plantas. Quando as plantas foram tratadas com extrato de secreção glandular de R. marina, houve diferença estatística no número de nódulos, porém, sem diferença estatística para as demais variáveis analisadas. Conclui-se que extratos de secreções glandulares de R. guttatus e R. marina não controlam ferrugem asiática da soja; porém concentrações de 0,1mg mL-1, 0,2 mg mL-1 e 0,3 mg mL-1 de extrato de secreção glandular de R. guttatus promovem maior altura de plantas e extrato de secreção glandular de R. marina, nas concentrações de 0,1mg mL-1, 0,2 mg mL-1 e 0,4 mg mL-1, afeta negativamente o número de nódulos. Palavras-chave: altura de plantas; glândulas parotóides; Rhaebo guttatus; Rhinella marina; oleaginosa. Effect of extracts from amphibian glandular secretions on asian rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) and biometry of soybean plants ABSTRACT: Extracts from secretions of amphibians of the Bufonidae family were studied for their potential for direct control of phytopathogens, as well as for the activation of mechanism of defense against plant diseases. Thus, this study assessed the effects of glandular secretion extracts from Rhaebo guttatus and Rhinella marina against the fungi Phakopsora pachyrhizi and biometric responses on TMG 132 RR soybean cultivar. Thirty days after seeding, a spontaneously arise of the disease was noticed and, two days after the arise of the first pustules, plants were treated with glandular secretion extracts at the concentrations 0,1; 0,2; 0,3; 0,4 e 0,5 mg mL-1, acibenzolar-S-methyl (500 L ha) and distilled water. None of the treatments resulted in statistical differences at the photosynthetic rates of the plants for chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content. For the biometrical evaluations, glandular secretion extracts of R. guttatus resulted in statistical difference only for the variable plant height variable. Glandular secretion extracts from R. marina resulted in statistical difference only for number of root nodules but was not significant for the remaining variables. The results showed that glandular secretion extracts from R. guttatus and R. marina does not control Asian soybean rust; however glandular secretion extracts from R. guttatus at the concentrations 0,1mg mL-1, 0,2 mg mL-1 e 0,3 mg mL-1 promotes greater plant height. The glandular secretion extracts from R. marina at the 0,1mg mL-1, 0,2 mg mL-1 e 0,4 mg mL-1 negatively affects the number of plant nodules. Keywords: height of plants; paratoid gland; Rhaebo guttatus; Rhinella marina; oleaginous.

The genus Carteronius Simon, 1897 is transferred from Clubionidae to Corinnidae and recognized as the senior synonym of Mandaneta Strand, 1932, being the oldest available name for the pre-occupied Mandane Karsch, 1880. Upon comparing the respective type specimens, the type species of Carteronius and the type species of Mandaneta were found to represent the same species. Whence the type species Carteronius helluo Simon, 1896, is considered a junior synonym of the type species Mandaneta sudana (Karsch, 1880). Three other species of Carteronius are transferred to Donuea Strand, 1932 (Corinnidae): D. fuscus (Simon, 1896) comb. nov. from Mauritius, D. vittiger (Simon, 1896) comb. nov. and D. argenticomus (Keyserling, 1877) comb. nov., both from Madagascar. The type species, Carteronius sudanus comb. nov., from Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Guinea, Sierra Leone, and C. gentilis (Simon, 1909) comb. nov., from Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon (the latter transferred from Procopius Thorell, 1899) are redescribed, and the female of C. gentilis is described for the first time. Six new species of Carteronius are described: C. ashanti Bonaldo & Silva-Junior sp. nov. from Ghana, C. myene Bonaldo & Labarque sp. nov., and C. simoni Bonaldo & Shimano sp. nov. from Gabon, C. lumumba Bonaldo & Ramírez sp. nov. from Cameroon, Gabon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and C. arboreus Bonaldo & Haddad sp. nov. and C. teke Bonaldo & Bosselaers sp. nov. from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. A key and distribution maps to all eight species in the genus are presented. The related Bunyoronius Bonaldo, Ramírez & Haddad gen. nov. is proposed to include B. femoralis Bonaldo, Ramírez & Haddad sp. nov. from the Central African Republic, Uganda, and Rwanda.

To evaluate and compare the diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) of three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound (3D-TVS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for deep myometrial infiltration (DMI) and cervical invasion for preoperative staging and surgery planning in patients with endometrial cancer (EC).This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the DTA of MRI and 3D-TVS for DMI and cervical invasion in patients with EC. A literature search was performed using MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, The Cochrane library, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EU Clinical Trials Register and World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform to identify relevant studies published between January 2000 and December 2021. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool.Five studies, including a total of 450 patients, were included in the systematic review. All five studies compared the DTA of 3D-TVS vs MRI for DMI, and three studies compared the DTA of 3D-TVS vs MRI for cervical invasion. Pooled sensitivity, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio for detecting DMI using 3D-TVS were 77% (95% CI, 66-85%), 4.57 and 0.31, respectively. The respective values for detecting DMI on MRI were 80% (95% CI, 73-86%), 4.22 and 0.24. Bivariate metaregression indicated a similar DTA of 3D-TVS and MRI (P = 0.80) for the correct identification of DMI. Pooled ln diagnostic odds ratio for detecting cervical invasion was 3.11 (95% CI, 2.09-4.14) for 3D-TVS and 2.36 (95% CI, 0.90-3.83) for MRI. The risk of bias was low for most of the four domains assessed in QUADAS-2.3D-TVS demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy in terms of sensitivity and specificity for the evaluation of DMI and cervical invasion, with results comparable with those of MRI. Thus, we confirmed the potential role of 3D-TVS in the preoperative staging and surgery planning in patients with EC. © 2022 The Authors. Ultrasound in ObstetricsGynecology published by John WileySons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Mysmenopsis nadineae new species Figs 4, 5, 12A Type material. 1♁ holotype. BRAZIL: Amazonas, Careiro, 15.VII.2007, E.H. Wienskoski leg. (INPA). Paratype. BRAZIL: Same data, 1♀ (INPA). Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honor of Nadine Dupérré, arachnologist who made a major contribution to the taxonomy of Mysmenopsis, describing 25 species, almost half of the known diversity of the genus. Diagnosis. Males of Mysmenopsis nadineae n. sp. resemble those of M. snethlageae n. sp. (Figs 7A–D) M. huascar Baert, 1990 (Figs 18–21 in Baert, 1990) and M. palpalis (Kraus, 1955) (Figs 83–84 in Kraus, 1955) by the very bulky palpal tibia, at least one and a half times wider than the tegulum, but differ by the presence of nine cusps on the retroapical margin of the tibia and by the embolus as long as broad, subquadrate in ventral view (Fig. 5C). While M. snethlageae n. sp. lack cusps and has embolus with slender and curved apex, M. huascar has two cusps and has embolus longer than wide and M. palpalis has six cusps and embolus slender with a slender embolic apophysis. Females resemble those of M. pachacutec Baert, 1990 (Figs 7–8 in Baert, 1990), M. fernandoi Dupérré & Tapia, 2015 (Figs 16–17 in Dupérré & Tapia, 2015), and M. tepuy Dupérré & Tapia, 2020 (Figs 142–143 in Dupérré & Tapia, 2020) by the presence of an invagination at the posterior margin of the epigynum, creating two acuminate posterior ends (Fig. 5E); they differ by the narrower and deeper epigynal invagination (Fig. 5E), which is broader in M. pachacutec and M. tepuy and shallower in M. fernandoi, and by the junction of the spermathecae with the copulation duct forming an elongated structure, about three times longer than wide, with a fold at the retrolateral end (Fig. 5G), while M. fernandoi and M. pachacutec has spherical spermatechae and M. tepuy has spermathecae directed anteriorly and laterally. Description. Male holotype: Total length: 1.48; carapace length: 0.61; carapace width: 0.65; abdomen length: 0.83; abdomen width: 0.81. Cephalothorax: carapace dark brown, pear-shaped, with a central black spot (Fig. 4). Sternum dark brown. Clypeus brown, high (3x AME). Chelicerae brown. Eyes: eight, rounded, AME approximately 1.5x larger than the others, which are approximately equal size; ocular region on protuberance; AME separated by their diameter; AME–ALE touching; ALE–PLE contiguous; PLE–PME separated by their diameter; PME separated by their diameter. Abdomen: suboval, grey covered with long setae dorsally, dorsal region with white rounded spots distributed in a circle (Figs 4A, C) followed by two transversal rows of white patches (Fig. 4C). Legs: orange, patella, tibiae and metatarsi I–IV with ventral darker bands apically, femora III–IV with a median ventral darker band. Leg spination: tibia I with one apical prolateral clasping spur; metatarsus I with one subapical prolateral curved clasping spur, row of six macrosetae prolaterally (Fig. 5D). Total length leg I: 2.42 (0.63/0.20/0.67/0.44/0.48); leg II: 2.26 (0.66/0.17/0.50/0.50/0.43); leg III: 1.86 (0.59/0.13/0.38/0.38/0.38); leg IV: 2.03 (0.51/0.18/0.51/0.46/0.37). Genitalia (Figs 5A–C): tibia very bulky, about one and a half times wider than the tegulum, with nine retroapical cusps, ventral pedicel; cymbium with truncated apical region and with large sclerotized basal plate with and small basal projection, paracymbium cylindrical; embolus as long as wide, subquadrate in ventral view. Female paratype (INPA): Total length: 1.74; carapace length: 0.77; carapace width: 0.68; abdomen length: 1.10; abdomen width: 1.00. Cephalothorax (Fig. 4B), sternum, chelicerae, clypeus, eyes, abdomen (Figs 4B, D) and legs: shape and coloration as in male. Total length leg I: 2.69 (0.78/0.24/0.68/0.51/0.48); leg II: 2.48 (0.70/0.2 3/0.58/0.49/0.48); leg III: 2.12 (0.60/0.22/0.44/0.42/0.44); leg IV: 1.82 (0.58/0.20/0.39/0.30/0.35). Genitalia (Figs 5E–G): epigynum protuding, ventral plate sclerotized, posterior margin with median invagination; posterior plate sclerotized; internal genitalia with copulation ducts anteriorly positioned with poorly defined proximal region; spermathecae elliptical, wider than long. Distribution. Only known from the type locality. Natural History. No data available.

Mysmenopsis lopardoae new species Figs 6B, D, 7E–H, 12B Type material. 1♁ holotype. BRAZIL: Amazonas, Careiro, 04.VII.2007, E.H. Wienskoski leg., collected at night (INPA). Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honor of Lara Lopardo, arachnologist who made an important contribution to Mysmenidae systematics. Diagnosis. Males of M. lopardoae n. sp. (Figs E–G) are similar to those of M. otonga Dupérré & Tapia, 2015 (Figs 9–10 in Dupérré & Tapia, 2015) by the presence of a retrolateral projection of the cymbium, apical to the tegulum and additional to the paracymbium, but differs by the absence of cymbial cusps, tegulum with small apical process and absence of a robust embolar apophysis (M. otonga has 17 tibial cusps, bulky tegulum without apical process, presenting a robust embolic apophysis). Description. Male holotype. Total length: 1.31; carapace length: 0.61; carapace width: 0.59; abdomen length: 0.70; abdomen width: 0.68. Cephalothorax: carapace dark brown, pear-shaped, with a median black longitudinal spot (Fig. 6B). Sternum dark brown suffused with black, covered with long setae. Clypeus brown, high (4x AME). Chelicerae brown. Eyes: eight, rounded, AME approximately 1.5x larger than the others, which are approximately equal size; ocular region on protuberance; AME separated by their diameter; AME–ALE touching; ALE–PLE contiguous, PLE–PME separated by their diameter; PME separated by their diameter. Abdomen: suboval, grey with white patches in a circular pattern anteriorly (Figs 6B, D) followed by a semicircular row of white rounded and two longitudinal rows of white rounded white patches in posterior view (Fig. 6D). Legs: yellow, patella, tibiae and metatarsi I–IV with ventral black bands apically, femora II–IV with a median ventral black band. Leg spination: tibia I with one apical prolateral clasping spur and row of seven macrosetae prolaterally; metatarsus I with one apical prolateral curved clasping spur (Fig. 7H). Total length leg I: 2.28 (0.58/0.29/0.63/0.43/0.35); leg II: 1.93 (0. 64/0.20/0.42/0.34/0.33); leg III: 1.69 (0.47/0.16/0.38/0.33/0.35); leg IV: 1.93 (0.59/0.19/0.48/0.35/0.32). Genitalia (Figs 7E–G): tibia bulky, with ventral pedicel, without cusps; cymbium with apical region and paracymbium domed, dorsal cymbial region more sclerotized and sclerotized retrolateral projection, longer than wide, with rounded apex, on the dorsal apical region of the tegulum; tegulum apically with small retrolateral projection below the embolus; embolus with broad base and narrow apex, comma-shaped in retrolateral view, flattened dorsoventrally. Distribution. Only known from the type locality. Natural History. No data available.

Mysmenopsis shushufindi Dupérré & Tapia, 2020 Figs 10E, F, 12A Mysmenopsis shushufindi Dupérré & Tapia, 2020: 49, f. 144–153, 228–229, male holotype and female paratype from Sector la Guanta, Lago Agrovio via Shushufindi, Sucumbius Province, Ecuador, deposited in Museum of Invertebrates of the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador— QCAZ (not examined). Diagnosis and description. See Dupérré &Tapia (2020). Distribution. Ecuador and Brazil. New records. BRAZIL: Amazonas. São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Pico da Neblina, Bebedouro Velho, 26.IX.2007, Nancy Lo-Man-Hung leg., 1♁ (INPA).

Pantoja, Paulo, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Xavier, Cláudia (2023): On the symphytognathoid spider genus Mysmenopsis Simon, 1898 (Araneae: Mysmenidae) from the Brazilian Amazonian region: description of five new species and new records. Zootaxa 5319 (1): 57-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5319.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5319.1.4

Mysmenopsis cienaga Müller, 1987 Figs 10A, B, 11, 12B Mysmenopsis cienaga Müller, 1987: 185, f. 1–3, male holotype from Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta near Tasajera, Colombia, deposited in Senckenberg Museum Frankfurt— SMF, No. 34912 (not examined); Baert, 1990: 13, f. 33–39. Diagnosis and description. See Müller (1987) and Baert (1990). Distribution. Colombia, Peru and Brazil. New records. BRAZIL: Pará. Bagre, Mirinzal, Igarapé Muratuba, 02°06’39.5”S 50°22’12.6”W, 16. VI.2015, R. Saturnino leg., 1♁ (MPEG. ARA 38416); Portel, Rio Camarapi, Igarapé Banã, 2°1’25.70”S 50°42’10.17”W, 22.I.2016, L. R. Fernandes leg., 1♁ (MPEG. ARA 38417); 2°3’21.30”S 50°42’21.60”W, 24.I.2016, R. Saturnino, 2♁ (MPEG. ARA 38418); 2°3’8.30”S 50°42’16.80”W, 24–27.I.2016, R. Saturnino leg., 1♁ (MPEG. ARA 38419); Comunidade Santa Rosa, 1°52’27.20”S 50°40’45.00”W, 28. V.2016, R. Saturnino leg., 2♁ (MPEG. ARA 38420); Comunidade Pacoval, 1°50’27.20”S 50°37’9.80”W 03. VI.2016, R. Saturnino et al. leg., 1♁ (MPEG. ARA 38421).

Mysmenopsis rodriguesae new species Figs 1–3, 12A Type material. 1♁ holotype. BRAZIL: Pará, Belém, 2° Batalhão de Operações Ribeirinhas, Mata da Marinha, 01°51’34.57”S 50°39’24.92”W, 22.IV.2019, P. Pantoja leg. (MPEG. ARA 35707). Paratypes. BRAZIL: same data as the holotype, 01°23’36.3”S 48°26’58.3”W, 03.XII.2018, J. Rodrigues leg., 1♀ (MPEG. ARA 35706); Parque Estadual do Utinga, Trilha da Castanheira, 01°25’1.4”S 48, P. Pantoja leg., 1♀ (MPEG. ARA 36319); Portel, Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, FLONA Caxiuanã, 01°51’19.3”S 51°25’57.5”W, 17.XI.2005, N.S. Abrahim leg., 1♁ 1♀ (MPEG. ARA 38413). Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honor of Juliana Rodrigues, biologist who studied spiders in forest fragments in Belém, Pará, Brazil and collected a female paratype of this species. Diagnosis. Males of M. rodriguesae n. sp. differ from all other species by the presence of two apical projections on the retroapical margin of the palpal tibia (Figs 1A, 3A); females differ from all other species by the very bulky oval spermathecae, which occupy almost entirely the posterior region of the epigynum (Figs 1F, 3G). Additionally, both males and females differ from all other species by the shape of abdomen, with two pairs of dorsolateral projections (Fig. 2). Description. Male holotype: Total length: 1.09; carapace length: 0.38; carapace width: 0.44; abdomen length: 0.62; abdomen width: 0.75. Cephalothorax: carapace dark brown, pear-shaped; suffused black along pars cephalica and radiating lines (Fig. 2A). Sternum dark brown. Clypeus brown, high (3x AME diameter). Chelicerae brown. Eyes: eight, rounded, AME approximately 1.5x larger than the others, which are approximately equal size; ocular region on protuberance; AME separated by their diameter; AME–ALE touching; ALE–PLE contiguous, PLE–PME separated by their diameter; PME separated by their diameter.Abdomen: straight posterior edge and domed anterior edge in dorsal view, brown with dorsal region grey suffused with white patches, cardiac area brownish (Figs 2A, C) followed by transversal dark brown patches, with two pairs of dorsolateral conical projections (Figs 2A, C). Legs: grey with black rounded spots in all segments. Leg spination: tibia I with one apical prolateral clasping spur; metatarsus I with one medial prolateral clasping spur (Fig. 3D). Total length leg I: 1.80 (0.55/0.17/0.52/0.26/0.30); leg II: 1.44 (0.40/0.17/0.41/0.23/0.23); leg III: 1.21 (0.40/0.12/0.23/0.21/0.25); leg IV: 1.21 (0.42/0.10/0.23/0.20/0.26). Genitalia (Figs 1A–C, 3A–C): tibia globular with ventral pedicel and two sclerotized retrolateral projections, longer than wide, cusps absent; cymbium with pointed apical region, subtriangular, paracymbium domed; bulky tegulum; embolus short with a wide base and narrow median and apical region, curved prolaterally. Female paratype (MPEG.ARA 35706): Total length: 1.02; carapace length: 0.44; carapace width: 0.44; abdomen length: 0.58; abdomen width: 0.70. Cephalothorax, sternum and chelicerae: as in male (Fig. 2B). Clypeus brown, low (1.5x AME). Eyes as in male. Abdomen: shape as in male, dark brown with dorsal region grey suffused with white patches, cardiac area brownish (Figs 2B, D) followed by transversal dark brown patches (Figs 2B, D). Legs: coloration as in male; femur I with no modifications. Total length leg I: 1.64 (0.50/0.18/0.43/0.27/0.26); leg II: 1.53 (0.48/0.20/0.32/0.28/0.25); leg III: 1.27 (0.40/0.12/0.23/0.21/0.25); leg IV: 1.34 (0.44/0.15/0.26/0.27/0.22). Genitalia (Figs 1D–F, 3E–G): epigynum protuding, ventral epigynal plate sclerotized posteriorly and hyaline anteriorly, domed posterior margin; posterior plate sclerotized; internal genitalia with copulation ducts positioned anteriorly, with poorly defined proximal region; spermathecae large and elliptical, almost contiguous posteriorly. Additional material examined. BRAZIL. Pará. Portel, Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, FLONA Caxiuanã, 01°51’19.3”S 51°25’57.5”W, 17.XI.2005, N.S. Abrahim leg., 2♁ (MPEG. ARA 27755); same data, B.C. Araújo leg., 1♀ (MPEG. ARA 27756); same data, J.A.P. Barreiros leg., 1♀ (MPEG. ARA 27757); same data, 01° 47’32.7”S 51°25’29.2”W, 23.XI.2005, N.S. Abrahim leg., 1♀ (MPEG. ARA 27758); same data, J.A.P. Barreiros leg., 1♀ (MPEG. ARA 27759). Distribution. Known from Brazil (Pará). Natural History. The specimens were collected in rainforest areas with beating tray and also with manual collecting.

Mysmenopsis snethlageae new species Figs 6A, C, 7A–D, 12A Type material. 1♁ holotype. BRAZIL: Pará, Itaituba, Transgarimpeiro, 6°21’27.1”S 56°03’36.6”W, 14.XII.2009, Esmeraldo leg. (MPEG. ARA 38415). Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honor of the German naturalist Emilia Snethlage (1868–1929), the first woman to occupy the post of director of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, which also made her the first woman to lead a scientific institution in South America. Diagnosis. Males of Mysmenopsis snethlageae n. sp. are similar to those of M. nadineae sp. nov. (Figs 5A–C), M. huascar (Figs 18–21 in Baert, 1990) and M. palpalis (Figs 83–84 in Kraus, 1955) by the very bulky tibia (Fig. 7A), at least one and a half times wider than the tegulum, but differ by the absence of cusps on the apical margin of the tibia and presence of a small retrolateral tibial projection (Fig. 7A).While M. nadineae n. sp. has nine cusps and has embolus subquadrate, M. huascar has two cusps and embolus longer than wide and M. palpalis has six cusps and embolus slender with a slender embolic apophysis. Description. Male holotype: Total length: 1.41; carapace length: 0.62; carapace width: 0.57; abdomen length: 0.79; abdomen width: 0.64. Cephalothorax: carapace orange-brown, pear-shaped, suffused black along pars cephalica and radiating lines (Fig. 6A). Sternum dark brown suffused with black, covered with long setae. Clypeus brown, high (3x AME). Chelicerae brown. Eyes: eight, rounded, AME approximately 1.5x larger than the others, which are approximately equal size; ocular region on protuberance; AME separated by their diameter; AME–ALE touching; ALE–PLE contiguous; PLE–PME separated by their diameter; PME separated by their diameter.Abdomen: suboval, dark brown with grey patches in a circular pattern with extremely long setae anteriorly (Figs 6A, C) followed by one large semicircular grey spot in posterior view (Figs 6A, C). Legs: orange, femora III–IV with a darker band situated medially on the ventral surface; tibiae I–IV with dark band apically. Leg spination: tibia I with one apical prolateral clasping spur; metatarsus I with one curved clasping spur apically (Fig. 7D). Total length leg I: 2.30 (0.69/0.25/0.65/0.35/0.36); leg II: 1.89 (0.57/0.20/0.51/0.31/0.30); leg III: 1.64 (0.50/0.17/0.35/0.30/0.32); leg IV: 1.62 (0.55/ 0.14/0.40/0.30/0.26). Genitalia (Figs 7A–C): tibia very bulky, about one and a half times wider than the tegulum, without cusps, with a small apical retrolateral projection; cymbium pointed apically, cylindrical paracymbium, basal cymbial plate wide and sclerotized; embolus with basal region wider than long, ventrally projected, apical region tapered and curved, embolic apophysis basal to embolus, wider than long, tear-shaped in ventral view. Distribution. Only known from the type locality. Natural History. No data available.

Mysmenopsis penai Platnick & Shadab, 1978 Figs 10C, D, 12B Mysmenopsis penai Platnick & Shadab, 1978: 16, f. 46–48, male holotype from Coca, Río Napo, Ecuador, deposited in Museum of Comparative Zoology— MCZ (not examined); Lopardo & Hormiga, 2015: 781, f. 60A–H, 61A–D, 62A–H, 131A, 140L; Dupérré & Tapia, 2020: 64, f. 190–199. Diagnosis and description. See Platnick & Shadab (1979) and Dupérré & Tapia (2020). Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador and Brazil. New records. BRAZIL: Amazonas. São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Pico da Neblina, Cachoeira do Tucano, 24.IX.2007, Nancy Lo-Man-Hung leg., 1♁ (INPA). Piauí. José de Freitas, Fazenda Nazareth, 04º47’58.1”S 42º37’48.8”W, 2006, L. Carvalho leg., 1♁ (MPEG. ARA 38415).

Mysmenopsis regiae new species Figs 8, 9, 12A Type material. 1♁ holotype. BRAZIL: Amazonas, Presidente Figueiredo, Usina Hidrelétrica de Balbina, Galo de Briga, 01°44’19”S 59°43’11.6”W, 13.VIII.2006, R.S. Ferreira leg. (INPA 1218). Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honor of Regiane Saturnino, nicknamed “Regi”, arachnologist who collected the holotype and was of great importance in the scientific training P. Pantoja and C. Xavier. Diagnosis. Males of Mysmenopsis regiae n. sp. resemble those of M. mexcala (Fig. 46 in Gertsch, 1960), M. ixlitla (Figs 31–32 in Levi, 1956), M. cymbia (Figs 43–47 in Levi, 1956) and M. tengellacompa Platnick, 1993 (Figs 5–7 in Eberhard, Platnick & Schuh, 1993) by the long spiraled embolus (Figs 8C–D, 9A, B), but differ of M. mexcala and M. ixlitla by the flattened embolus, describing only one and a half turn over the embolic base and by the conspicuous dorsal paracymbium (Figs 8C, 9A); M. mexcala has a coiled embolus with eight full turns; M. ixlitla has coiled embolus with six full turns; both these species have a thin embolus and poorly developed paracymbium. Differ from M. cymbia and M. tengellacompa by the globose tibia with six retroapical cusps and apical embolus; M. cymbia and M. tengellacompa have tibia palpal broad but not globose, no tibial cusps and embolus basally inserted, describing a longitudinal turn around the cymbium. Description. Male holotype: Total length: 1.32; carapace length: 0.52; carapace width: 0.53; abdomen length: 0.76; abdomen width: 0.58. Cephalothorax: carapace dark brown, pear-shaped, suffesed black along pars cephalica and radiating lines (Fig. 8A). Sternum dark brown suffused with black. Clypeus dark brown, high (3x AME). Chelicerae brown. Eyes: eight, rounded, AME approximately 1.5x larger than the others, which are approximately equal size; ocular region on protuberance; AME separated by their diameter; AME–ALE touching; ALE–PLE contiguous; ALE–PME separated by their diameter; PME separated by their diameter. Abdomen: suboval, dark grey with four white patches in a circular pattern anteriorly (Figs 8A, B) followed by a large white spot with median transversal grey patches in posterior view (Fig. 8B). Legs: orange, femora I–IV yellow with an apical large dark band ventro-laterally; patellae I–IV dark brown; tibiae and metatarsi I–IV yellow with dark band apically, tarsi I–IV yellow. Leg spination: tibia I with one apical prolateral clasping spur and row of three prolateral macrosetae; metatarsus I with one apical prolateral curved clasping spur (Fig. 9D). Total length leg I: 1.78 (0.51/0.20/0.41/0.31/ 0.35); leg II: 1.68 (0.49/0.22/0.44/0.27/0.26); leg III: 1.33 (0.40/0.15/0.28/0.23/0.27); leg IV: 1.68 (0.50/0.17/0.41/0.30/0.30). Genitalia (Figs 8C–D; 9A–C): tibia very bulky, with ventral pedicel, with six retroapical cusps; cymbium with apical region domed and basal groove, paracymbium dorsal, hook-shaped, with the apex curved prolaterally, adjacent to the embolus; tegulum very reduced, only visualized in apical view; coiled flattened embolus, turning one and a half times on itself with a small basal embolic apophysis. Distribution. Only known from the type locality. Natural History. Male holotype was collected in igapó forest (blackwater flooded forest).

Organotins such as tributyltin chloride (TBT), are highly diffused environmental pollutants, which act as metabolism disrupting chemicals, i.e. may interfere with fat tissue differentiation, as well as with neuroendocrine circuits, thus impairing the control of energetic balance. We have previously demonstrated that adult exposure to TBT altered the expression of neuropeptides in the hypothalamus. In this study, we orally administered daily a solution containing oil, or TBT (0.25, 2.5, or 25 μg/kg body weight/day) to pregnant females from gestational day 8 until birth, and to their pups from day 0 until post-natal day 21. Our results showed that TBT exposure of female mice during gestation and of pups during lactation permanently altered the feeding efficiency of pups of both sexes and subcutaneous fat distribution in adult males. In addition, the neuropeptide Y system was affected at the level of the paraventricular nucleus, with a decrease in immunoreactivity in both sexes (significant in females for all TBT doses and in males only for intermediate TBT doses), while no effect was observed in other hypothalamic areas (arcuate, ventromedial and dorsomedial nuclei). Metabolic syndrome, as well as obesity and diabetes, which are significant health issues, are considered multifactorial diseases and may be caused by exposure to metabolic disruptors, both in adults and during perinatal life. In addition, our work indicates that TBT doses defined as the tolerably daily intake had a profound and sex-specific long-term effect.

Migraine is one of the most prevalent and disabling medical illnesses. Preventive drugs are used to reduce the frequency, severity, and duration of attacks. Most patients were no longer on their medication due to contraindications or poor clinical response. Therefore, there is need for novel prophylactic agents for migraine. New preventive treatments are those of the class of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP)-targeting therapies. We aimed to assess the real level of therapeutic innovation of these new drugs.The information on the new drugs was collected from several documents, including the European public assessment reports. The level of therapeutic innovation was assessed with the algorithm published by some of us in 2006.All new approved drugs (eptinezumab, galcanezumab, fremanezumab, erenumab) are indicated for the prophylaxis of migraine in adults who have at least four migraine days for month. All these drugs have been tested only in comparison to placebo. Their level of therapeutic innovation was only modest, that is, the lowest value of our algorithm.The new monoclonal antibodies of the class of CGRP targeting therapies have been authorized with efficacy data only against placebo. They do not offer additional clinical benefits compared to available therapies for the prevention of migraine attacks, with the exception of a lower frequency of administration and a more rapid effect. All this assigns to these drugs only a modest role in therapy according to our algorithm for therapeutic innovation with a significantly higher cost than similar therapies.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:51:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-01-01 An improved distributed control strategy for imbalance and harmonics sharing in 3-phase 4-leg droop controlled converters in a 3-phase 4-wire isolated Microgrid is presented in this letter. The proposed scheme improves a previous one proposed by some of the authors of this letter in the sense that both negative and zero sequence current components are independently controlled. This novel approach allows better performance in terms of harmonic, negative and zero sequence currents sharing of the proposed control scheme compared with the previous one. A comparison between the previous method and that presented in this letter is performed via simulations, showing a better performance of the enhanced control strategy presented in this letter. So Paulo State University, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil, 18087-180 Departamento Engenharia Eltrica - Pos graduao, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, 28108 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil, 18087180 University of Nottingham, 6123 Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, NG7 2RD Departamento de Engenharia Eltrica, Federal University of Mato Grosso, 67826 Cuiaba, MT, Brazil

Strotarchus chamevazquezi sp. nov. Type material. Holotype ♁ and paratype ♀ from La Bodega (13°56’40.7”N 87°13’23.9”W), Santa Ana, Francisco Morazán, Honduras, June 20, 2021, leg. A. Cubas (IBSP 324813). Paratype: one ♁ with same data as holotype (IBSP 324814). Other material examined. HONDURAS: Francisco Morazán: Santa Ana, La Bodega (13°56’40.7”N 87°13’23.9”W), 1♁ (IBSP 324816); 1♁ 1♀ (IBPS 324815, SEM). Etymology. The specific epithet is in honor of Dr. David Chamé-Vázquez (CIBNOR, México), for his great contributions to the study of the Mexican spider fauna and his great importance as a mentor in spider research for the first author. Diagnosis. The males of Strotarchus chamevazquezi sp. nov. resemble those of S. minor Banks, 1909 by the presence of a basal embolar fold that crosses the apical portion of the tegulum, by the long embolus that arises retrolaterally, and by an extremely long cymbium (see Bonaldo et al. 2012: figs 103–104). They are differentiated by the absence of either ppRTA and laRTA (see Bonaldo et al. 2012: figs 103–104), by the arrow-shaped retrolateral tibial apophysis apices in ventral view (square in retrolateral view), and by the balloon-shaped embolar base (Figs 1D, 3A, 3B, 4C). Females resemble those of S. minor by the elliptical atrium (see Bonaldo et al. 2012: fig. 105) but differ by the parallel copulatory ducts, converging abruptly toward the spermathecae, and by the lateral margin of anterior atrium superposed to the atrial posterior margin (Figs 3C, 3D). Description. Male (Holotype). Carapace light brown (Fig. 1A), labium, endites and sternum lighter than carapace, head region and chelicerae reddish-brown, legs light yellow, opisthosoma cream, striated with narrow yellowish-brown bands. Total length 5.19. Carapace 2.5 long, 1.74, wide. Eye diameters: AME 0.22, ALE 0.16, PME 0.19, PLE 0.20. Chelicerae with 3 promarginal teeth, the median largest, and 2 retromarginal teeth, separated by twice their width (Fig. 4A). Leg measurements: femur I 1.71/ II 1.22/ III 1.49/ IV 2.05. Leg spination: I—femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0-0-1, v2-0-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-1, r0-1-1, v2-2-2. II—femur d1-1-1, p0, r0-1-1; tibia d0-0-1, p0, r1-1-1, v1-2-0; metatarsus d0-1-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-1-2. III—femur d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r1-1-1; tibia d0-0-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, v2-2-0; metatarsus d0-1-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2- 1m. IV—femur d1-0-1, p0-0-1, r0- 0-1; tibia d0, p0-1-1, r0-0-1, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0-1-1, p1-1-1, r0-1-1, v2-1-2. Palpal tibia ca. 1/3 of cymbium length, cymbium long, curved medially and ovoid-shaped in basal third; retrolateral tibial apophysis flattened and enlarged, apex sharp or blunt (Fig. 4B); ppRTA and laRTA absent. Tegulum rounded, proximal fold of reservoir thick, Vshaped; tegular apophysis inserted ventrally on prolateral side of tegulum; embolar base visible retrolaterally as concave area on expanded palp (Fig. 1D); basal embolar fold not clearly visible (Figs 1C, 3B), connecting with small portion of tegulum but displaced obliquely; embolar process small, rounded (Figs 1B, 3A, 4D). Female (Paratype, IBSP 324813). Coloration as in male, except with darker carapace (Fig. 2A). Total length 6.52. Carapace 2.62 long, 2.0. Eye diameters: AME 0.25, ALE 0.16, PME 0.20, PLE 0.24. Chelicerae with promarginal teeth as in male and 2 retromarginal teeth, separated by three times their width (Fig. 4E). Leg measurements: femur I 1.61/ II 1.57/ III 1.41/ IV 2.10. Leg spination: I—femur d1-0-1, p0-0-2, r0; tibia d0, p0-0-1, r0-0-1, v2-2- 0; metatarsus d0, p0-0-1, r0, v2-2-0. II—femur d1-1-1, p1-1-0, r0; tibia d0, p0-0-1, r0-0-1, v2-2-0; metatarsus d0, p0-0-1, r0-1-1, v2-2-1. III—femur d1-1-1, p1-1-1, r0-0-1, v0; tibia d0-0-1, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v1p-2-0; metatarsus d0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2- 0. IV—femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-1; tibia d0-0-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, v2-0-2; metatarsus d0-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2-2. Epigynum with wide, narrow atrium with laterally projecting edges (Fig. 2B); atrial pocket large, oval posteriorly, median slit without lateral notches, rounded anteriorly (Figs 2D, 3D). Copulatory ducts with helicoid folds; glandular knob small, nearly triangular, projected distally; spermathecae enlarged posteriorly, curved boot-shaped; spermathecae continuous with spermathecae stalk (Figs 2 C-D, 3E-F, 4F) Variation. Three males: Total length 5.19 − 5.60, carapace 2.50 − 2.70, femur I 1.71 − 1.85. Natural history. The specimens were captured manually in wild areas and inside houses in La Bodega. Distribution. Known only from the type locality, Santa Ana, Francisco Morazán, Honduras (Fig. 5)., Published as part of Cubas-Rodriguez, Alex M., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2023, A new species of Strotarchus Simon, 1888 from Honduras (Araneae, Cheiracanthiidae), pp. 582-588 in Zootaxa 5296 (4) on pages 584-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5296.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7984446, {"references":["Banks, N. (1909) Arachnida from Costa Rica. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 61, 194 - 234.","Bonaldo, A. B., Saturnino, R., Ramirez, M. J. & Brescovit, A. D. (2012) A revision of the American spider genus Strotarchus Simon, 1888 (Araneae: Dionycha, Systariinae). Zootaxa, 3363 (1), 1 - 37. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3363.1.1"]}

Strotarchus chamevazquezi sp. nov. Type material. Holotype ♁ and paratype ♀ from La Bodega (13°56’40.7”N 87°13’23.9”W), Santa Ana, Francisco Morazán, Honduras, June 20, 2021, leg. A. Cubas (IBSP 324813). Paratype: one ♁ with same data as holotype (IBSP 324814). Other material examined. HONDURAS: Francisco Morazán: Santa Ana, La Bodega (13°56’40.7”N 87°13’23.9”W), 1♁ (IBSP 324816); 1♁ 1♀ (IBPS 324815, SEM). Etymology. The specific epithet is in honor of Dr. David Chamé-Vázquez (CIBNOR, México), for his great contributions to the study of the Mexican spider fauna and his great importance as a mentor in spider research for the first author. Diagnosis. The males of Strotarchus chamevazquezi sp. nov. resemble those of S. minor Banks, 1909 by the presence of a basal embolar fold that crosses the apical portion of the tegulum, by the long embolus that arises retrolaterally, and by an extremely long cymbium (see Bonaldo et al. 2012: figs 103–104). They are differentiated by the absence of either ppRTA and laRTA (see Bonaldo et al. 2012: figs 103–104), by the arrow-shaped retrolateral tibial apophysis apices in ventral view (square in retrolateral view), and by the balloon-shaped embolar base (Figs 1D, 3A, 3B, 4C). Females resemble those of S. minor by the elliptical atrium (see Bonaldo et al. 2012: fig. 105) but differ by the parallel copulatory ducts, converging abruptly toward the spermathecae, and by the lateral margin of anterior atrium superposed to the atrial posterior margin (Figs 3C, 3D). Description. Male (Holotype). Carapace light brown (Fig. 1A), labium, endites and sternum lighter than carapace, head region and chelicerae reddish-brown, legs light yellow, opisthosoma cream, striated with narrow yellowish-brown bands. Total length 5.19. Carapace 2.5 long, 1.74, wide. Eye diameters: AME 0.22, ALE 0.16, PME 0.19, PLE 0.20. Chelicerae with 3 promarginal teeth, the median largest, and 2 retromarginal teeth, separated by twice their width (Fig. 4A). Leg measurements: femur I 1.71/ II 1.22/ III 1.49/ IV 2.05. Leg spination: I—femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0-0-1, v2-0-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-1, r0-1-1, v2-2-2. II—femur d1-1-1, p0, r0-1-1; tibia d0-0-1, p0, r1-1-1, v1-2-0; metatarsus d0-1-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-1-2. III—femur d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r1-1-1; tibia d0-0-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, v2-2-0; metatarsus d0-1-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2- 1m. IV—femur d1-0-1, p0-0-1, r0- 0-1; tibia d0, p0-1-1, r0-0-1, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0-1-1, p1-1-1, r0-1-1, v2-1-2. Palpal tibia ca. 1/3 of cymbium length, cymbium long, curved medially and ovoid-shaped in basal third; retrolateral tibial apophysis flattened and enlarged, apex sharp or blunt (Fig. 4B); ppRTA and laRTA absent. Tegulum rounded, proximal fold of reservoir thick, Vshaped; tegular apophysis inserted ventrally on prolateral side of tegulum; embolar base visible retrolaterally as concave area on expanded palp (Fig. 1D); basal embolar fold not clearly visible (Figs 1C, 3B), connecting with small portion of tegulum but displaced obliquely; embolar process small, rounded (Figs 1B, 3A, 4D). Female (Paratype, IBSP 324813). Coloration as in male, except with darker carapace (Fig. 2A). Total length 6.52. Carapace 2.62 long, 2.0. Eye diameters: AME 0.25, ALE 0.16, PME 0.20, PLE 0.24. Chelicerae with promarginal teeth as in male and 2 retromarginal teeth, separated by three times their width (Fig. 4E). Leg measurements: femur I 1.61/ II 1.57/ III 1.41/ IV 2.10. Leg spination: I—femur d1-0-1, p0-0-2, r0; tibia d0, p0-0-1, r0-0-1, v2-2- 0; metatarsus d0, p0-0-1, r0, v2-2-0. II—femur d1-1-1, p1-1-0, r0; tibia d0, p0-0-1, r0-0-1, v2-2-0; metatarsus d0, p0-0-1, r0-1-1, v2-2-1. III—femur d1-1-1, p1-1-1, r0-0-1, v0; tibia d0-0-1, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v1p-2-0; metatarsus d0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2- 0. IV—femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-1; tibia d0-0-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, v2-0-2; metatarsus d0-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2-2. Epigynum with wide, narrow atrium with laterally projecting edges (Fig. 2B); atrial pocket large, oval posteriorly, median slit without lateral notches, rounded anteriorly (Figs 2D, 3D). Copulatory ducts with helicoid folds; glandular knob small, nearly triangular, projected distally; spermathecae enlarged posteriorly, curved boot-shaped; spermathecae continuous with spermathecae stalk (Figs 2 C-D, 3E-F, 4F) Variation. Three males: Total length 5.19 − 5.60, carapace 2.50 − 2.70, femur I 1.71 − 1.85. Natural history. The specimens were captured manually in wild areas and inside houses in La Bodega. Distribution. Known only from the type locality, Santa Ana, Francisco Morazán, Honduras (Fig. 5).

A new species, Strotarchus chamevazquezi sp. nov., is described based on both sexes from Department Francisco Morazán, Honduras. A detailed description, diagnosis, photographs, and distribution map of the new species are given. This is the first species of this genus recorded from Honduras.

Climate change is deeply affecting oceanographic, biogeochemical, and hydrological processes and consequently influencing the ecological patterns of ecosystems. Indeed, marine habitats and species are facing many alterations in their structure, functioning, and in their capacity of providing ecosystem services. To investigate and explore the distribution and potential variation of habitats and species under future climate change scenarios, Habitat Suitability Models (HSMs) have been widely applied during the last years for their recognized ability in predicting the suitability of a location for species and habitats in correlation with the environmental conditions.With the application of two of the best-known HSMs (Random Forest and MaxEnt), this research intends to investigate the distribution of the coralligenous, a widespread habitat in the Northern Adriatic Sea threatened by the effects of climate change, and identify its potential variation in a severe future scenario. The analysis consisted in examining the correlation between the habitat distribution with environmental parameters obtained from online databases and a set of dedicated ocean model simulations applied in recent past conditions and under RCP 8.5 climate change scenario. Furthermore, to explore the potential uncertainty of the environmental variables in future conditions, a sensitivity analysis has been implemented by running additional HSMs simulations set up with variables' increments and decrements resulting from projections modeled by other research.The models perform very well in predicting habitat distributions. The prediction under the climate change scenario shows that opportunistic species (e.g. turf-dominant algae) find more suitable conditions in the area being more tolerant to stressful conditions and alterations of the environmental variables. As a result, calcareous macroalgae appear to be more vulnerable to climate change effects, including increases in temperature, nutrient concentrations, salinity, and velocity. Overall, the results of the sensitivity analysis confirmed the results predicted by models; however, Random Forest also shows a higher sensitivity to uncertainty than MaxEnt.In conclusion, this study gives a sight of the likely ecological behavior in correlation with past environmental conditions and future alterations due to climate change. Besides, HSMs confirm to be very useful tools to develop adequate conservation strategies and/or identify priority areas to protect. Thanks to the sensitivity analysis, additional hints about the models’ behavior according to the environmental uncertainties are extrapolated, allowing to consider with consciousness the results and understanding of the potentialities of the models according to the data in possession.

An enhanced understanding of Climate Change related implications in the maritime domain is needed in order to improve coastal infrastructure resilience and possible future operations, also in terms of climate security. Although the Mediterranean Sea is a relatively mild basin, it is however characterized by high geopolitical and economic relevance, occasionally showing intense cyclones with tropical-like characteristics known as Tropical-Like Cyclones (TLC). Many studies have highlighted that sea surface temperature (SST) distribution and anomalies play a crucial role in modulating the intense air-sea exchange, hence controlling both development and evolution of TLCs. However, given the complex interplay among ocean mixed layer, heat content and temperature, the role of the mixed layer depth (MLD) is of paramount importance. In this study we investigated the role of both SST anomaly, horizontal gradients and MLD profile on the origin and evolution of a recent record-breaking TLC (named IANOS). This cyclone originated over the southern Ionian Sea from 14 Sept 2020 to 19 Sept 2020, moving over the Central Ionian Sea from south-west to North-East, and made landfall over Greece mainland coast. It developed over a basin where a positive SST anomaly up to 4 °C was detected, which coincided with the sea area where it reached the maximum intensification and strength. We conducted a series of experiments using an atmospheric model (WRF - Weather Research and Forecasting system) driven by underlying SST (standalone configuration), either with daily update or coupled to a simple mixed-layer ocean model (SLAB ocean), with SST calculated at every time step using the SLAB ocean for a given value of the MLD. Sensitivity tests were performed increasing or decreasing MLD depth by 10 m, 30 m, 50 m, 75 m, 100 m, removing the horizontal gradients, removing the SST anomaly. Then, possible past and future climatological scenarios of MLD thickness were identified and tested. Preliminary results show that the MLD influences not only the intensity of the cyclone but also the structure of the precipitation field both in terms of magnitude and location. The fundamental role of the SST anomaly was also found to be essential to provide intense characteristics to IANOS. Results deserve further investigation in particular in the context of climate change scenarios that can provide useful insights into impact on coastal civil and military infrastructures in the whole Mediterranean region.

From 6 to 8 November 2011, a baroclinic wave moved from North Atlantic to Balearic Sea, produced a cut-off, at all altitudes, and developed into a Tropical-Like Cyclone (TLC) characterized by a deep-warm core. This TLC led to a mean sea level pressure minimum of about 987 hPa, 10 m wind speeds higher than 30 m/s around the eye, and very intense rainfall, especially in the Gulf of Lion and the surrounding areas, close to the mountain chains (floods in Genoa and Elba Island).To explore in details the effect of the sea surface temperature on the TLC development, we employed the coupled modeling system COAWST, which consists of the following models: ROMS for the hydrodynamic part, WRF for the meteorological part and SWAN for the surface wave modeling, using a 5 km horizontal grid over all Mediterranean Sea.COAWST was used with different configurations: Stand Alone (SA) approach using only the atmospheric part, atmosphere-ocean coupled mode (AO), and fully coupled version including also surface waves (AOW). Comparing the three runs, the effects of different simulations on the TLC trajectory are significant only in the later stage of the cyclone lifetime. On the other hand, wind intensity is higher in the SA case w.r.t. both coupled runs. When compared to case AO, winds are about 1 m/s larger, even though the spatial distribution is very similar (possibly because of the lower SST produced by case AO). Case AOW produces less intense winds than SA and AO case in the areas where the wave is most developed (differences are about 2-4 m/s), while winds are more intense nearby the cyclone’s eye. Moreover, the inclusion of the wave model (AOW) has implications in the water column, by increasing the mixing in the ocean, changing the depth of the ocean mixed layer along the track of the TLC, increasing the surface drag and the net heat fluxes from ocean to atmosphere, so that eventually SST in AOW run is colder than in AO.It is observed that SST of the SA case is overestimated compared to the coupled cases, and in particular the best performances are observed using the fully coupled case, with the wave motion implementation. The best description of the SST impacts the cyclone intensity and the amount of precipitation at catchment scale. The vertical profiles show that wave induced mixing modifies the mixed layer structure and cools the water column, removing much of the SST (and Ocean Heat Content) anomaly present in the mixed layer.The date chosen for the run initialization appears important: an earlier initial condition allows to properly simulate the evolution of the cyclone from the cyclogenesis between the inclusion and setting-up of air sea interaction effect, through the coupled models.Warming SST in the Mediterranean Sea induced by climate change might increase TLC frequency and/or intensity, potentially becoming more harmful for coastal populations and infrastractures. Fully coupled AOW models might be better suited for studying such aspects. Funding from the STO Office of Chief Scientist (907EUR30) is gratefully acknowledged.

We propose a new point-prediction DEep Learning WAVe Emulating model (DELWAVE) which successfully emulates the behaviour of a numerical surface ocean wave model (SWAN) at a sparse set of locations, thus enabling numerically cheap large-ensemble prediction over synoptic to climate timescales. DELWAVE training inputs consist of 6-hourly surface COSMO-CLM wind fields during period 1971–1998, while its targets are significant wave height, mean wave period and mean wave direction. Testing input set consists of surface winds during 1998–2000 and cross-validation period is the far-future climate timewindow of 2071–2100. DELWAVE is constructed to have a convolution-based atmospheric encoder block, followed by a temporal collapse block and finally a regression block. Random importance-sampling was performed to better model underpopulated tails of variable data distributions. Detailed ablation studies were performed to determine optimal performance regarding input fields, temporal horizon of the training set and network architecture. DELWAVE reproduces SWAN model significant wave heights with a mean absolute error (MAE) between 5 and 10 cm, mean wave directions with a MAE of 10°–25° and mean wave period with a MAE of 0.2 s. DELWAVE is able to accurately emulate multi-modal mean wave direction distributions, related to dominant wind regimes in the basin. We use wave power analysis from linearized wave theory to explain prediction errors in the long-period limit during southeasterly conditions, indicating, as expected, that non-local generation of swell poses a more difficult challenge during long-fetched Scirocco than during cross-basin Bora flow. We present a storm analysis of DELWAVE, employing threshold-based metrics of precision and recall to show that DELWAVE reaches a very high score (both metrics over 95 %) of storm detection. SWAN and DELWAVE time series are compared against each other in the end-of-century scenario (2071–2100), and compared to the control conditions in the 1971–2000 period. Good agreement between DELWAVE and SWAN is found when considering climatological statistics, with a small (≤5 %), though systematic, underestimate of 99th percentile values. Compared to control climatology over all wind directions, the mismatch between DELWAVE and SWAN is generally small compared to the difference between scenario and control conditions, suggesting that the noise introduced by surrogate modeling is substantially weaker than the climate change signal.

COVID-19 vaccines have dramatically reduced rates of severe infection requiring hospitalization. However, SARS-CoV-2 variants have reduced vaccine effectiveness at preventing any symptomatic infection. This real-world study analyzed binding and neutralizing antibodies generated after complete vaccination and boosting across three vaccine platforms. Binding antibodies decayed most slowly in people under 60 with hybrid immunity. Neutralizing antibodies against Omicron BA.1 were reduced compared to other variants. The anamnestic anti-spike IgG response to the first boost was more pronounced than after the second boost. Monitoring of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 mutations on disease severity and the effectiveness of therapeutics is warranted.

Nanometer-scale transistors often exhibit random telegraph noise (RTN) with high device-to-device variability. Recent experiments up to Grad total ionizing dose (TID) demonstrate stable RTN in planar bulk-Si metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistors and in Si fin field-effect transistors (FinFETs). In these cases, pre-existing defects in the ultrathin gate dielectrics dominate the device low-frequency 1/f noise (LFN). In contrast, III–V MOS devices with lower quality oxide/semiconductor interfaces show significant increases in LFN at much lower doses, due to the TID-induced activation of high densities of border traps. Aggressively scaled devices fabricated in Si gate-all-around nano-wire FET technology exhibit prominent defects leading to LFN and RTN. Increases or decreases of LFN in these devices during irradiation and annealing results primarily from the activation or passivation of border traps and interface traps.

No substrato natural são encontrados diversos microrganismos capazes de auxiliar o crescimento das plantas, sendo assim, o controle biológico têm sido uma alternativa na indução de enraizamento de mudas clonais. Os Fungos Conidiais Sapróbios estão sendo estudados por serem encontrados em abundância e por serem considerados benéficos as plantas hospedeiras e induzirem enraizamento e resistência contra fitopatógenos. Além desse método é possível utilizar o tratamento homeopático a fim de aumentar o desenvolvimento e crescimento de mudas. O trabalho foi realizado no viveiro Flora Sinop e na Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso/Sinop. Para isso, 350 mudas clonais de eucalipto (H13 e VM01) foram submetidas a 10 tratamentos diferentes, sendo eles: filtrados de Fungos Conidiais Sapróbios da Amazônia Meridional, Brachysporiella sp., Pseudobotrytis terrestris, Gonytrichum sp., Ellisembia sp. e levedura Pichia sp., preparado homeopático nosódio de própolis verde 06CH, produtos a base de Azospirillum brasiliense e Pseudomonas fluorescens, co-inoculação de A. brasiliense e P. fluorescens, e testemunha (tratamento padrão do viveiro). Todos os tratamentos foram aplicados diretamente no substrato. As variáveis analisadas neste trabalho foram comprimento de raiz e parte aérea, diâmetro de coleto e peso seco de raiz e parte aérea. De maneira geral, a resposta do clone H13 não apresentou diferença significativa entre os tratamentos avaliados. O clone VM01 apresentou diferença significativa, sendo que o tratamento com co-inoculação (A. brasiliense x P. fluorescens) apresentou interação em todas as variáveis analisadas. Entretanto, para o clone H13 os tratamentos não contribuíram para o enraizamento das mudas. Portanto, a co-inoculação contribui no enraizamento de mudas do clone VM01, beneficiando a produção de mudas de eucalipto.

Na cultura do milho, as doenças podem ocasionar perdas de produtividade de até 80 %, gerando danos diretos e indiretos. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar a eficiência de agentes microbiológicos e preparado homeopático de própolis verde no controle de doenças, buscando alternativas para o manejo integrado de fitopatógenos no milho. Os ensaios foram instalados na safra 2020/2021 na Fazenda Escola do Centro Universitário Unilasalle e na segunda safra 2021 em propriedade rural no município de Lucas do Rio Verde, Mato Grosso. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com 11 tratamentos e 4 repetições, onde testou se os agentes de controle biológico Trichoderma asperellum, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis e Pichia sp., e preparado homeopático nosódio de própolis verde com dinamização 06 CH (Diluição Centesimal Hahnemanniana), em duas épocas de aplicação; comparadas com a testemunha e com aplicação padrão de fungicidas utilizados na cultura.Os híbridos utilizados foram Pioneer 30F53 VYHR na época de safra e o Híbrido Sempre 20A44 VIP3 na segunda safra. As variáveis analisadas foramincidência e severidade de doenças na cultura, sendo avaliadas antes e a cada 7 dias após as aplicações dos tratamentos, AACPD (Área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença), altura de planta, alturade inserção de espiga, população final, incidência de podridão de colmo, produtividade (kg .ha-1), massa de mil grãos (g) e incidência de grãos ardidos em pós-colheita, produtividade e rendimento econômico. As análises estatísticas foram processadas com o programa R 4.0.2. No experimento de safra, duas aplicações de B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, Pichia sp., preparado homeopático nosódio de própolis verde 06 CH e fungicidas promoveram aumento significativo da incidência e AACPD de enfezamento vermelho, mas sem efeito significativo nas demais variáveis analisadas.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:49:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-03-01 Discussions on the different methods for sharing responsibilities regarding harmonic distortions in power grids have received wide attention in the area of power quality. This paper proposes a methodology based on Conservative Power Theory (CPT) for responsibility assignment due to the harmonic voltage distortions present at the point of common coupling. First, a theoretical basis for analyzing the orthogonal current decomposition of CPT under non-sinusoidal conditions is presented. Next, using the frequency domain, a methodology is introduced to separate the contributions of the harmonic voltage distortions in the CPT's orthogonal currents. To illustrate the application of the proposed methodology, it is simulated a real large-scale electrical system composed of an energy utility and three industrial plants connected to the same common coupling point. Finally, the results obtained are compared to other method showing the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Ciencia e Tecnologia Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei (UFSJ) Departamento de Engenharia Eletrica Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (UFMT) Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Ciencia e Tecnologia

This article investigates the fin- and finger-number dependence of the total ionizing dose (TID) degradation in 16-nm bulk Si FinFETs at ultrahigh doses. n- and p-FinFETs designed with different numbers of fins and fingers are irradiated up to 500 Mrad(SiO2) and then annealed for 24 h at 100 degrees C. The TID responses of nFinFETs are insensitive to the fin number, as dominated by border and interface trap generation in shallow trench isolation (STI) and/or gate oxide. However, pFinFETs show a visible fin-number dependence with worst tolerance of transistors with the smallest number of fins. The fin number dependence may be related to a larger charge trapping in STI located at the opposite lateral sides of the first and last fins. In addition, both n- and p-FinFETs exhibit an almost TID insensitivity to the finger number. During the design of integrated circuits, the TID tolerance of electronic systems can be enhanced by preferably using transistors with a higher number of fins than fingers.

Yellow fever virus (YFV) is a reemerging global health threat, driven by several factors, including increased spread of the mosquito vector and rapid urbanization. Although a prophylactic vaccine exists, vaccine hesitancy, supply deficits, and distribution difficulties leave specific populations at risk of severe YFV disease, as evidenced by recent outbreaks in South America. To establish a treatment for patients with severe YFV infection, we tested 37 YFV-specific monoclonal antibodies isolated from vaccinated humans and identified two capable of potently neutralizing multiple pathogenic primary YFV isolates. Using both hamster and nonhuman primate models of lethal YFV infection, we demonstrate that a single administration of either of these two potently neutralizing antibodies during acute infection fully controlled viremia and prevented severe disease and death in treated animals. Given the potential severity of YFV-induced disease, our results show that these antibodies could be effective in saving lives and fill a much-needed void in managing YFV cases during outbreaks.

A energia elétrica é um dos mais elevados custos do serviço público no Brasil. Assim, o uso racional de energia elétrica faz parte de um conjunto de estratégias responsáveis por reduções de perdas e racionalização técnico-econômica. A otimização da contratação e do uso da energia elétrica é uma ação que compõe o conjunto de técnicas referentes à eficiência energética atuando em reduções de custos administrativas envolvendo aspectos contratuais, mudança de hábitos e procedimentos internos. Este trabalho demonstra a utilização de algoritmos de otimização para definição automática do montante ótimo de demanda a ser contratada, para um estudo de caso aplicado a quatro unidades consumidoras (UCs) de um Órgão Público do estado de Mato Grosso, tomando como base o histórico de demanda consumida e contratada, bem como os custos relacionados a estes montantes. Foram aplicados três métodos de otimização: Método 1 – Gradientes Reduzidos Generalizados (GRG) Não Linear; Método 2 – Evolucionário e; Método 3 – Moderna Teoria Financeira aplicada ao Nível Ótimo de Contratação de Demanda. Considerando a escolha do melhor método em cada UC da entidade, houve redução de 12,96% da somatória da Demanda Contratada e redução de 2,13% na somatória das faturas de energia elétrica.

In recent years, insect meal has attracted increasing interest as an innovative protein source to replace fish meal in feed formulation due to its valuable nutritional profile. This research aimed to compare the effects of different dietary inclusion levels (5, 10, and 15%) of Hermetia illucens (HI) larvae meal on Sparus aurata (initial weight: 98.6±0.6 g) sensorial, technological, and nutritional fillets quality. Fish were fed experimental diets over 113 days. Results showed that the inclusion of defatted HI larvae meal did not induce off-flavours in gilthead sea bream fillets. No significant differences were found in appearance, mouthfeels, and texture, while a difference emerged in the trait ‘cooked chicken breast’ for odour and flavour characteristics. Moreover, fillets’ quality traits and proximate composition analyses performed did not show significant differences between the treatments. The fillets' fatty acid content showed that higher inclusion of HI meal leads to higher saturated fatty acids content, while no significant difference in polyunsaturated fatty acids was observed among treatments. Results have a positive implication as dietary HI did not negatively affect the fatty acids composition or quality of sea bream fillets.