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The presence of extensive and active microbial populations in the subsurface and theirinvolvement in global geochemical cycling may have strong implications for anthropogenicCO2 sequestration in deep reservoirs. To avoid unforeseen consequences at all time scales,the impact of CO2 injection on this deep biota with an unknown ecology and its retrospectiveeffects on the capacity and long-term stability of CO2 sequestration have to be considered asa major concern. In this paper, selected fields of research performed in France in this domainare presented. They focus on (1) the methodologies developed to explore and understand thenature to the ecology of the deep biosphere. This includes the strategies to collectrepresentative deep subsurface samples and to characterize microbial community structureand activities in complex mineralized environments, together with the modelling of theevolution of microbial population at the site scale (2) the experimental work performedaround the concept of biomineralization and the assessment of its potential for long-term CO2storage.

Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne. Centre d Investigation Clinique Antilles. Guyane, Cayenne. Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne. Centre d Investigation Clinique Antilles. Guyane, Cayenne. Asociaci?n de Salud Integral. Cl?nica Familiar "Luis Angel Garc?a". Guatemala. Asociaci?n de Salud Integral. Cl?nica Familiar "Luis Angel Garc?a". Guatemala. Asociaci?n de Salud Integral. Cl?nica Familiar "Luis Angel Garc?a". Guatemala. Universidad Rosario. School of Medicine and Health Sciences. Bogot? and Corporacion para Investigationnes Biologicas. Bogot?, Colombia. Universidad Rosario. School of Medicine and Health Sciences. Bogot? and Corporacion para Investigationnes Biologicas. Bogot?, Colombia Universidad Rosario. School of Medicine and Health Sciences. Bogot? and Corporacion para Investigationnes Biologicas. Bogot?, Colombia. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Cl?nica Evandro Chagas. Laborat?rio de Micologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Federal University of Cear?. Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Laborat?rio Central de Sa?de P?blica do Amap?. Macap?, AP, Brazil. Laborat?rio Central de Sa?de P?blica do Amap?. Macap?, AP, Brazil. Laborat?rio Central de Sa?de P?blica do Amap?. Macap?, AP, Brazil. Academic Hospital Paramaribo. Suriname. Diakonessenhuis. Utrecht, KE. Academic Hospital Paramaribo. Suriname. Academic Hospital Paramaribo. Suriname. Universit? de Guyane. Ecosyst?mes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale. French Guiana. Universit? de Guyane. Ecosyst?mes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale. French Guiana. Universit? de Guyane. Ecosyst?mes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale. French Guiana. Centre Hospitalier de l Ouest Guyanais. Service de M?decine. French Guiana. Instituto Nacional de Higiene Rafael Rangel. Departamento de Micolog?a. Caracas, Venezuela. Instituto Nacional de Higiene Rafael Rangel. Departamento de Micolog?a. Caracas, Venezuela. INEI-ANLIS "Dr Carlos G. Malbran". Buenos Aires, Argentina. Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Le?nidas e Maria Deane. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Universit? de Guyane. Ecosyst?mes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale. French Guiana. Universidad Rosario. School of Medicine and Health Sciences. Bogot? and Corporacion para Investigationnes Biologicas. Bogot?, Colombia.

International audience; BACKGROUND:The preventive treatment of Plasmodium vivax relapse recommended by the World Health Organization is primaquine at a dose of 15 mg/day for 14 days, except for malaria cases from Asia and Oceania. Since 2006, CDC recommends the use of primaquine at 30 mg/day for 14 days. In France, all cases of malaria due to P. vivax are treated with 30 mg of primaquine. This systematically increased dosage needs to be evaluated according to epidemiological context. The aim of the study was to compare relapses after 14 days of primaquine at 15 or 30 mg/day.METHODS:All patients treated with primaquine after a vivax malaria episode in French Guiana, between 1 January, 2007 and 1 August, 2016, were studied. Based on the compulsory hospital pharmacy forms for primaquine delivery, adult patients who received 15 or 30 mg of primaquine during 14 days for hypnozoite eradication were included. The recommended dose was initially 15 mg and was changed to 30 mg in 2011. Vivax malaria recurrences within 2 months after primaquine treatment, and vivax malaria recurrences 2-6 months after primaquine in each treatment group were analysed using survival analysis at 2, 3 and 6 months.RESULTS:Out of 544 patients included, 283 received 15 mg/day and 261 received 30 mg/day of primaquine. At 2 and 3 months after primaquine treatment, the number of recurrences was 7 (2.5%) and 19 (7.3%), and 9 (3.4%) and 15 (5.3%), in the 15 and 30 mg groups (p = 0.51 respectively 0.35), respectively. Within 3 months, the median time to recurrence was 2.05 months in the 15 and 30 mg groups. At 6 months after primaquine treatment, the number of recurrences was 25 (8.8%) and 31 (11.9%) at 15 and 30 mg, respectively (p = 0.24). The median time to recurrence was 2.38 months at 15 mg/day and of 2.64 months at 30 mg/day.CONCLUSIONS:There were no significant differences between primaquine at 15 or 30 mg/day for 14 days in the prevention of P. vivax relapses at 2, 3 and 6 months after primaquine treatment in French Guiana