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Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:45:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-12-01 Rufford Foundation Landscape structure and crop management directly affect insect communities, which can influence agriculturally relevant ecosystem services and disservices. However, little is known about the effect of landscape structure and local factors on pests, natural enemies, and biological control services in the Neotropics. We investigated how environmental conditions at local and landscape levels affect Leucoptera coffeella (insect pest), social wasps (natural enemies), and the provision of biological control services in 16 Brazilian coffee plantations under different crop management and landscape contexts. We considered microclimatic conditions, coffee plantation size, and management intensity at the local level; and forest cover, landscape diversity, and edge density at the landscape level. Pest population, wasp communities, and biocontrol services were monitored in wet and dry seasons when L. coffeella outbreaks occur. We found that the amount of forest in the surrounding landscape was more important for explaining patterns than the local environment, landscape diversity, or landscape configuration. In both seasons, L. coffeella was negatively affected by forest cover, whereas biological control and richness and abundance of social wasps increased with increasing forest cover at multiple spatial scales. Moreover, biological control was positively correlated with wasp abundance during pest outbreaks, suggesting that social wasps are important natural enemies and provide pest control services within coffee plantations. We provide the first empirical evidence that forest cover is important for the maintenance of social wasp diversity and associated pest control services in a Brazilian coffee-producing region. Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Ecologia Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab (LEEC) UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada (Interunidades) CENA - Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE) Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto Department of Plant Food and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Dalhousie University Biology Department Saint Mary’s University School for Resource and Environmental Studies and College of Sustainability Dalhousie University Departamento de Ciências Florestais ESALQ/USP - Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Ecologia Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab (LEEC) UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE) Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto Rufford Foundation: RSG reference 18799-1

O controle do bicho-mineiro-do-cafeeiro Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville & Perrottet, 1842) é realizado por meio de inseticidas de amplo espectro de ação, capazes de causar desequilíbrios biológicos, sendo importante a busca por produtos que apresentem toxicidade à praga e seletividade aos seus inimigos naturais. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a ação dos produtos naturais, extrato pirolenhoso Biopirol® a 2,0; 4,0; 8,0 e 16,0% e azadiractina Nim-I-Go® a 0,25; 0,50; 0,75 e 1,0% em comparação com os inseticidas sintéticos lambdacialotrina (0,01 mg i.a./mL) e etion (1,5 mg i.a./mL) sobre o bicho-mineiro e seus efeitos sobre vespas predadoras desta praga, em condições de campo. Para isto, foi instalado um experimento em uma área de aproximadamente 1,2 ha, em lavoura cafeeira da cultivar Catuaí Vermelho, situada em Lavras, MG. As concentrações do extrato pirolenhoso e de azadiractina avaliadas não controlaram o bicho-mineiro e não afetaram negativamente a capacidade predatória das vespas. Observou-se que etion causou efeito letal às lagartas, logo após sua aplicação, decrescendo ao longo do tempo. Lambdacialotrina apresentou menor toxicidade às lagartas logo após sua aplicação, seguido por um aumento significativo de controle da praga ao longo do tempo. The control of the coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville & Perrottet, 1842) by broad spectrum pesticides can cause great ecological problems. Thus, the search for products with low toxicity and that do not affect natural enemies is necessary. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the action of natural products like pyroligneous extract Biopirol® (2.0; 4.0; 8.0 and 16.0%) and azadirachtin Nim-I-Go® (0.25; 0.50; 0.75 and 1.0%) and the pesticides lambdacyhalothrin (0.01 mg a.i./mL) and ethion (1.5 mg a.i./mL) over coffee leaf miner and their effects over predator wasps, under field conditions. In order to achieve that, an experimental field of around 1,2 ha was installed, in a coffee plantation of the cultivar Catuaí Vermelho, in Lavras, MG. It was noted that the concentrations of pyroligneous extract and azadirachtin did not control the leaf miner and did not affect the predation for wasps. However, the larvae were killed by ethion, right after its application, being the effect weaker as the time passed. Lambdacyhalothrin presented the lower toxicity to the larvae after its application, followed by a significant increase in the control along the time.