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We prove the strong ill-posedness in the sense of Hadamard of the two-dimensional Boussinesq equations in $W^{1, \infty}(\mathbb{R}^2)$ without boundary, extending to the case of systems the method that Shikh Khalil \& Elgindi arXiv:2207.04556v1 developed for scalar equations. We provide a large class of initial data with velocity and density of small $W^{1, \infty}(\mathbb{R}^2)$ size, for which the horizontal density gradient has a strong $L^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^2)$-norm inflation in infinitesimal time, while the vorticity and the vertical density gradient remain bounded. Furthermore, exploiting the three-dimensional version of Elgindi's decomposition of the Biot-Savart law, we apply the method to the three-dimensional axisymmetric Euler equations with swirl and away from the vertical axis, showing that a large class of initial data with velocity field uniformly bounded in $W^{1, \infty}(\mathbb{R}^2)$ provides a solution whose swirl component has a strong $W^{1, \infty}(\mathbb{R}^2)$-norm inflation in infinitesimal time, while the potential vorticity remains bounded at least for small times. Finally, the $W^{1,\infty}$-norm inflation of the swirl (and the $L^{\infty}$-norm inflation of the vorticity field) is quantified from below by an explicit lower bound which depends on time, the size of the data and it is valid for small times.

Preservation of the angle of reflection when an internal gravity wave hits a sloping boundary generates a focusing mechanism if the angle between the direction of propagation of the incident wave and the horizontal is close to the slope inclination (near-critical reflection). We establish a rigorous analysis of this phenomenon in two space dimensions, by providing an explicit description of the form of the leading approximation of the unique Leray solution to the near-critical reflection of internal waves from a slope within a certain (nonlinear) time-scale. More precisely, we construct a consistent and Lyapunov stable approximate solution, $L^2$ -close to the Leray solution, in the form of a beam wave. Besides, beams being physically more meaningful than plane waves, their spatial localization plays a key role in improving the previous mathematical results from a twofold viewpoint: 1) our beam wave approximate solution is the sum of a finite number of terms, each of them is a consistent solution to the system and there is no artificial/non-physical corrector; 2) thanks to 1) and the special structure of the nonlinear term, we can improve the expansion of our solution up to two next orders, so providing a more accurate approximation leading to a longer consistency time-scale.Finally, our results provide a set of initial conditions localized on rays, for which the Leray solution maintains approximately in $L^2$ the same localization.

This note is concerned with the rigorous justification of the so-called hard congestion limit from a compressible system with singular pressure towards a mixed compressible-incompressible system modeling partially congested dynamics, for small data in the framework of BV solutions. We present a first convergence result for perturbations of a reference state represented by a single propagating large interface front, while the study of a more general framework where the reference state is constituted by multiple interface fronts is announced in the conclusion and will be the subject of a forthcoming paper. A key element of the proof is the use of a suitably weighted Glimm functional that allows to obtain precise estimates on the BV norm of the front-tracking approximation.

This article is concerned with the rigorous justification of the hydrostatic limit for continuously stratified incompressible fluids under the influence of gravity. The main peculiarity of this work with respect to previous studies is that no (regularizing) viscosity contribution is added to the fluid-dynamics equations and only diffusivity effects are included. Motivated by applications to oceanography, the diffusivity effects included in this work are induced by an advection term whose specific form was proposed by Gent and McWilliams in the 90's to model effective eddy correlations for non-eddy-resolving systems. The results of this paper heavily rely on the assumption of stable stratification. We provide the well-posedness of the hydrostatic equations and of the original (non-hydrostatic) equations for stably stratified fluids, as well as their convergence in the limit of vanishing shallow-water parameter. The results are established in high but finite Sobolev regularity and keep track of the various parameters at stake. A key ingredient of our analysis is the reformulation of the systems by means of isopycnal coordinates, which allows to provide careful energy estimates that are far from being evident in the original coordinate system.

In this paper, we consider a class of models for multiphase fluids, in the framework of mixture theory. The considered system, in its more general form, contains both the gradient of a hydrostatic pressure, generated by an incompressibility constraint, and the gradient of a compressible pressure depending on the volume fractions of some of the different phases. To approach these systems, we define an approximation based on the \emph{Leray} projection, which involves the use of the \emph{Lax} symbolic symmetrizer for hyperbolic systems and paradifferential techniques. In two space dimensions, we prove its well-posedness and convergence to the unique classical solution to the original system. In the last part, we shortly discuss the difficulties in the three dimensional case., Comment: 29 pages