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Abstract: The present work reports the hydrothermal synthesis of Fe doped gallium oxide nanoparticles and its characterization by IR, XRD, SEM, and EDX techniques. The characterization of Fe doped gallium oxide nanomaterial reveals the 18.58 nm particle size with monoclinic phase. The catalytic activity of nanomaterial was efficiently assessed for one-pot domino Knoevenagel and Michael's addition of different aldehydes, dimedone, and malononitriles to give tetrahydrobenzo [b] pyran derivatives. The remarkable features associated with this green protocol are good to excellent product yields (60-94%), non-chromatographic purification of product, shorter reaction time, and easy work up. The reusability and non-toxic nature of this nanomaterial catalyst escalate the importance of this work.

The green revolution was a milestone in agriculture, it was accompanied by intensive use of synthetic pesticides, which has raised serious concerns due to their impact on human and environmental health. Fruit samples of pomegranates was found pesticides of one or another groups of chemical substances. The review delineates a comprehensive, up to date overview of some pesticides of organochlorine, organophosphate, carbamates, and pyrethroids.

A novel, facial, highly effective gallium oxide (Ga2O3) nanocatalyst was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Energy-disp...

The present work reports ultrasound assisted and aluminized polyborate prompted green and efficient protocol for one pot four component Hantzsch condensation of aromatic aldehydes, dimedone, ethylc...

The present work reports a catalytic application of aluminized polyborate for the solvent-free one pot four-component green, efficient and cost-effective synthesis of polydroquinoline derivatives. The aluminized polyborate was synthesized from readily available non-toxic, inexpensive boric acid and aluminium trichloride and characterized by IR, XRD, SEM and EDAX techniques. The polyhydroquinolines were successfully synthesized by well-known Hantzsch condensation reaction of differently substituted aldehydes, dimedone, ethylacetoacetate and NH4OAc at 100 °C under solvent-free condition. The catalyst is stable and easy to use with some significant features such as good acidic catalytic activity, inexpensive and eco-friendly nature. Along with this, excellent product yields, short reaction time, clean reaction, operational simplicity, solvent-free condition and non-column purification are some more additional aspects of this protocol.

An environmentally viable, green and efficient protocol for the synthesis of polyhydroquinolines using sulfated polyborate catalyst have been developed by Hantzsch four-component condensation between aromatic aldehydes, dimedone, ammonium acetate and ethylacetoacetate or ethylcyanoacetate at 100 °C under solvent-free condition. The sulfated polyborate catalyst is characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM and EDAX techniques. The noticeable features of this methodology are mild Bronsted acidic nature of the catalyst, good to excellent product yields (85–94%), short reaction time (18–30 min), solvent-free condition, operational simplicity and applicability to a wide range of substrates (29 examples). This work deals with sulfated polyborate catalysed green and efficient solvent-free synthesis of polyhydroquinolines.

The calcinized eggshell as an efficient and green catalyst has been prepared from chicken eggshell waste and is characterized by different analytical techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TGA, SEM, and EDAX. A series of substituted 2-arylbenzothiazoles have been synthesized by reaction of o-aminothiophenol and aromatic aldehydes under solvent free conditions using a grinding method at room temperature. The reaction proceeds smoothly in excellent yields (86–97 %), short reaction time (15–48 min), and with an easy work-up procedure. The reuse of catalyst and purification of products by non-chromatographic methods are some additional features of the present protocol. The calcinized eggshell is a safe, inexpensive, and a green catalyst with high catalytic efficiency obtained from renewable resources.

An efficient procedure has been reported for the synthesis of 4H-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles in the presence of ZnS nanoparticles as a heterogeneous catalyst at the room temperature by grinding method. The ZnS nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm analysis. The 4H-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles were obtained with high yields (87–97 %) in a short reaction time (5–21 min) under solvent-free condition. This method has advantages such as it is solvent free, uses simple grinding method that can be carried out at room temperature, requires short reaction times and production of pure products without any by product. The nanocatalyst can be easily recovered and reused for five runs without appreciable loss of its catalytic activity.

CdO nanoparticle-catalyzed efficient synthesis of acridinediones by multicomponent reaction of aromatic aldehyde, cyclic diketone, and ammonium acetate has been investigated. The method has several advantages, for example high product yields (88–95 %), short reaction time, and simple work up procedure, and is environmentally benign. The catalyst used is inexpensive, stable, and can be recycled several times with consistent activity. The CdO nanoparticles were synthesized by a hydrothermal method and were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and use of the BET technique.

PbO nanoparticles have been employed as an efficient catalyst for the solvent-free synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo pyrans (yields 81–91%) and benzylidene malonitriles (yields 90–96%) at room temperature using green chemistry approach. PbO nanoparticles were found to be highly efficient, eco-friendly and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst. PbO nanoparticles were prepared by hydrothermal method and characterized by IR, XRD, BET Surface area, SEM, EDAX and TEM with SAED techniques.

A simple one-pot synthesis has been developed for the synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols using an efficient and recyclable nanocrystalline PbS catalyst under solvent-free condition. Using this nanocrystalline solid catalyst, the reactions could be carried out under mild reaction conditions with very good yield (85–95 %). This catalyst could be recycled very easily, which makes this methodology environmentally benign. The biologically active drug-like molecule 1-aminomethyl-2-naphthol derivatives can be easily obtained from 1-amidomethyl-2-naphthol by amide hydrolysis reaction in the presence of PbS nanoparticles. Characterization of the catalyst was performed by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and adsorption/desorption analysis (BET).

PbO nanoparticles have been employed as an efficient catalyst for the solvent-free synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo pyrans (yields 81–91%) and benzylidene malonitriles (yields 90–96%) at room temperature using green chemistry approach. PbO nanoparticles were found to be highly efficient, eco-friendly and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst. PbO nanoparticles were prepared by hydrothermal method and characterized by IR, XRD, BET Surface area, SEM, EDAX and TEM with SAED techniques.

The CdO and modified CdO nanoparticles were synthesized using hydrothermal method. The absorption spectra, crystal phase, surface morphology, particle size, and surface area of CdO and modified CdO nanoparticles were studied by UV–DRS, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, TGA, PL, and BET surface area analysis. The present paper reports adsorption technique for the removal of chromium (VI) using CdO and modified CdO nanoparticles. The operating variables such as adsorbent dose, nature of adsorbent, adsorbate concentration, contact time, and pH were optimized. The technique was found to be highly useful and cost effective for removal of chromium (VI). The Langmuir and Freundlich models were evaluated using the experimental data and result showed that the Freundlich isotherm fit better than the Langmuir isotherm.

This article 'Tiller Growth As an Index of Salinity Resistance' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.

This article 'Yield of Rice Under Chronic Air Pollution Stress, As Influenced By Soil Nitrogen' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.

This article 'Foliar Application of Polyamines, Kinetin, and Ascorbic Acid and Rice Grain Filling' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.

This article 'Performance of Rice Cultivar Mahsuri At Different Salinity Levels' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.