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Additional file 1: Supplemental Table 1. Participant inclusion and exclusion criteria. Supplemental Table 2. Number of days of crying/fussing for ≥3h/day in the week prior to Baseline or Study End (to meet modified Wessel’s criteria for colic).

Additional file 3: Supplemental Figure 2. Random Forest classification (with 10-fold cross-validation) correctly predicts study feeding group 80% (±17.95%) on average. Panel A shows a receiver operating curve, indicating that both groups could be predicted with a high degree of accuracy vs. random chance. Panel B shows the relative importance scores for the top five most predictive sequence variants. The predictive potential was powered by a very small number of sequence variants; the top two sequence variants explain 7.4% and 6.9% of the variation, respectively, and were the same two sequence variants (Lactocaseibacillus spp. and L. rhamnosus) identified by ANCOM as being differentially abundant between the study feeding groups.

Additional file 2: Supplemental Figure 1. Each 24-h period was represented by four 6-h time bars (5 min subdivisions) corresponding to: morning (6:00 a.m. to noon), afternoon (noon to 6:00 p.m.), evening (6:00 p.m. to midnight), and night (midnight to 6:00 a.m.). Crying/fussing and awake & content behaviors were recorded in 5-min increments with parents encouraged to fill in the diary every 2 to 3 hours, or at the same time as a repetitive activity, such as feeding or changing a diaper. All rights reserved Ronald G Barr, MDCM. Adapted from Barr RG, et al. 1988 Parental diary of infant cry and fuss behaviour. Arch Dis Child 63:380-387 with permission.