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Background and aims Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), but data on frequency, site of thrombosis and risk factors are limited. We sought to determine prevalence, incidence as well as location and clinical features of first VTE among IBD patients. Methods We evaluated a cohort of 2811 IBD patients for a history of symptomatic, objectively confirmed first VTE, recruited from 14 referral centers. Patients with VTE before IBD diagnosis or cancer were excluded. Incidence rates were calculated based on person-years from IBD diagnosis to first VTE or end of follow-up, respectively. Results 2784 patients (total observation time 24,778 person-years) were analyzed. Overall, of 157 IBD patients with a history of VTE, 142 (90.4%) had deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE), whereas 15 (9.6%) had cerebral, portal, mesenteric, splenic or internal jugular vein thrombosis. The prevalence and incidence rate of all VTE was 5.6% and 6.3 per 1000 person years, respectively. Patients with VTE were older at IBD diagnosis than those without VTE (34.4 ± 14.8 years vs 32.1 ± 14.4 years, p = 0.045), but did not differ regarding sex, underlying IBD and disease duration. 121 (77.1%) VTE were unprovoked, 122 (77.7%) occurred in outpatients and 78 (60.9%) in patients with active disease. Medication at first VTE included corticosteroids (42.3%), thiopurines (21.2%), and infliximab (0.7%). Conclusion VTE is frequent in IBD patients. Most of them are unprovoked and occur in outpatients. DVT and PE are most common and unusual sites of thrombosis are rare.

We present the PhantomStation, a novel interface that communicates tactile feedback to remote parts of the user's body. Thus, touch input on interactive surfaces can be augmented with synchronous tactile sensations. With the objective to reduce the number of tactile actuators on the user's body, we use the psychophysical Phantom Sensation (PhS) [1]. This illusion occurs when two or more tactile stimuli are presented simultaneously to the skin. The location of the pseudo-tactile sensation can be changed by modulating intensity or interstimulus time interval. We compare three different actuator technologies to recreate the PhS. Furthermore, we discuss how remote tactile of this kind can improve interaction accuracy. We present our prototype and propose scenarios in conjunction with interactive surfaces.

Background & Aims Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of a first venous thromboembolism (VTE), yet their risk of recurrent VTE is unknown. We performed a cohort study to determine the risk for recurrent VTE among patients with IBD compared with subjects without IBD. Methods We assessed 2811 patients with IBD for a history of VTE, recruited from outpatient clinics at 14 referral centers (June 2006–December 2008). Patients with VTE before a diagnosis of IBD or those not confirmed to have VTE, cancer, or a VTE other than deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, were excluded. Recurrence rates were compared with 1255 prospectively followed patients without IBD that had a first unprovoked VTE (not triggered by trauma, surgery, or pregnancy). The primary end point was symptomatic, objectively confirmed, recurrent VTE after discontinuation of anticoagulation therapy after a first VTE. Results Overall, of 116 IBD patients who had a history of first VTE, 86 were unprovoked. The probability of recurrence 5 years after discontinuation of anticoagulation therapy was higher among patients with IBD than patients without IBD (33.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.8–45.0 vs 21.7%; 95% CI: 18.8–24.6; P = .01). After adjustment for potential confounders, IBD was an independent risk factor of recurrence (hazard ratio=2.5; 95% CI: 1.4–4.2; P = .001). Conclusions Patients with IBD are at an increased risk of recurrent VTE compared to patients without IBD.