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Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F.sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In this study four new genera are introduced, along with 18 new species and 16 new combinations. These names convey information about relationships, morphology, and ecological preference that would otherwise be lost in a broader definition of Fusarium. To assist users to correctly identify fusarioid genera and species, we introduce a new online identification database, Fusarioid-ID, accessible at www.fusarium.org. The database comprises partial sequences from multiple genes commonly used to identify fusarioid taxa (act1, CaM, his3, rpb1, rpb2, tef1, tub2, ITS, and LSU). In this paper, we also present a nomenclator of names that have been introduced in Fusarium up to January 2021 as well as their current status, types, and diagnostic DNA barcode data. In this study, researchers from 46 countries, representing taxonomists, plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, and students, strongly support the application and use of a more precisely delimited Fusarium (= Gibberella) concept to accommodate taxa from the robust monophyletic node F3 on the basis of a well-defined and unique combination of morphological and biochemical features. This F3 node includes, among others, species of the F.fujikuroi, F. incarnatum-equiseti, F. oxysporum, and F.sambucinum species complexes, but not species of Bisifusarium [F.dimerum species complex (SC)], Cyanonectria (F.buxicola SC), Geejayessia (F.staphyleae SC), Neocosmospora (F.solani SC) or Rectifusarium (F.ventricosum SC). The present study represents the first step to generating a new online monograph of Fusarium and allied fusarioid genera (www.fusarium.org).

The 2-aminobenzimidazole (ABZ)-2-N-propanoyl benzoic acid 1 which is an intermediate of synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds was synthesized. The structure of 1 was confirmed by FT-IR, NMR (1D and 2D) spectra and XRD. The molecular structure of compound 1 was characterized by single-crystal X-ray structure determination and theoretical calculations based on DFT, HF and MP2 methods. The NBO analysis was used mainly in order to study the influence of electronic delocalization on the mechanism. Experimental, DFT, HF and MP2/6-31G(d) optimized bond lengths, bond angles and hydrogen bonding for the structure are studied also. The structure analysis shows that the 3D-supramolecular architecture of 1 is stabilized by means six-(S6) intramolecular and eight-( R 2 2 (8)) membered intermolecular hydrogen bonds, together with extensive C—H…O and C—H…π interactions between the carboxylate anion and the 2-aminobenzimidazolium cation. Furthermore, parameters derived from density functional theory in a local sense, in particular the softness and Fukui function were used to interpret and predict the mechanism of the reaction.

Aim Our aim was to compare for the first time measurements obtained with water-perfused catheter anorectal manometry and three-dimensional (3D) high-resolution manometry in patients with anorectal disorders. Method Consecutive patients referred to our centre for anorectal manometry (ARM) were recruited to undergo the two procedures successively. Conventional manometry was carried out using a water-perfused catheter (WPAM) and high-resolution manometry was achieved with a 3D probe (3DHRAM). For each procedure, parameters recorded included the following: anal canal length, resting pressure, squeeze pressure and rectal sensitivity. Results Two hundred and one patients were included in this study. The mean values for resting and squeeze pressures were correlated and found to be significantly higher when measured with 3DHRAM than with WPAM. However, the length of the anal canal was not significantly different when measured by the two techniques without correlation between the two mean values obtained. The presence of the rectoanal inhibitory reflex was systematically assessed by both WPAM and 3DHRAM and anismus was also systematically diagnosed by both WPAM and 3DHRAM. Conclusion The pressure values obtained with 3DHRAM are correlated with those measured with conventional manometry but are systematically higher. 3DHRAM has the advantage of providing a pressure recording over the entire length and circumference of the anal canal, allowing a more useful physiological assessment of anorectal function.

Aim Three-dimensional high-resolution anorectal manometry (3D HRAM) is a new technique that can simultaneously provide physiological and topographical data. Our aim was to assess whether it can identify anal sphincter defects by comparing it with endoanal ultrasonography (EUS) considered as the gold standard. Method An anal defect on 3D HRAM was defined as a continuous circumferential area over which the pressure was

In the present work, linear polystyrene (PS) was functionalized by a sulfonation reaction providing sulfonated polystyrene (PSS). Then, the PSS polymer chains were cross-linked with the 1,4- phenylene diisocyanate (PPDI) group in tetrahydrofuran (THF), which led to a PSS-PPDI polymer. The PSS-PPDI was grafted by diethylenetriamine (DETA) in a solution of THF to obtain polymer PSS-PPDI-DETA. Their structures were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), elemental analysis (EA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravemetric (TGA), thermodynamic (DTA) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) analysis. Subsequently, the obtained polymers were tested for their ability to remove some metal ions from aqueous media such as Zn

The crown ethers dibenzo-16-crown-4 and dibenzo-18-crown-5 and a diaryl polyether were complexed by the chromium tricarbonyl group for the purpose of selective functionalization. This complexation did indeed permit exclusive functionalization of the complexed ring. CHO and CH2OH functionalities were introduced ortho to the ether group. It was noted that the nature of the two ether chains had a strong influence on the regioselectivity of the functionalization, which occurred preferentially on the side with the polyether chain. Photochemical decomplexation produced functionalized organic crown ethers.

Introduction L’objectif de ce travail est de decrire les manifestations de l’uveite sarcoidosique, ainsi que ses modalites therapeutiques. Patients et methodes Etude retrospective menee au service d’ophtalmologie Fattouma Bourguiba de Monastir entre juin 2005 et decembre 2013. Trente-deux patients (64 yeux), chez qui la cause de l’uveite etait une sarcoidose confirmee ou suspectee, selon les criteres l’International Workshop on Ocular Sarcoidosis (IWOS), ont ete inclus. Resultats L’âge moyen des patients etait de 32,6. Vingt-neuf (90,6 %) etaient de sexe feminin et 3 patients (9,4 %) etaient de sexe masculin. La forme anatomoclinique etait une panuveite dans 38 yeux (59,4), une uveite posterieure dans 10 yeux (15,6 %), une uveite intermediaire dans 10 yeux (15,6 %) et une uveite anterieure isolee dans 6 yeux (9,4 %). L’atteinte etait bilaterale dans 100 % des cas. Les signes oculaires les plus frequents etaient les precipites retro-corneens granulomateux et/ou de nodules iriens (93,4 % des yeux), une periphlebite segmentaire (58 %), des œufs de fourmi (43 %), des lesions de choroidite multifocale (42 %). Une anergie tuberculinique a ete notee chez 94 % des patients, une lymphadenopathie hilaire bilaterale a la radiographie du thorax dans 45 % des cas et un taux eleve de l’enzyme de conversion serique dans 21 % des cas. Une preuve histologique a ete obtenue dans 3 cas (9,4 %). Une corticotherapie generale debutee a la dose de 1 mg/kg/J a ete prescrite dans 27 cas (84,4 %). Des immunosuppresseurs conventionnels ont ete requis chez 4 patients (6,25 %). Conclusion Les manifestations cliniques de la sarcoidose oculaire sont diverses. Une panuveite avec composante anterieure granulomateuse, des œufs de foumi, une choroidite multifocale de localisation inferieure, et une periphlabite segmentaire doivent la faire suspecter. Son diagnostic est parfois difficile en absence de manifestations extra-ophtalmologiques. Des causes infectieuses de l’uveite, et en particulier la tuberculose doivent etre toujours eliminees.

Resume Introduction L'œdeme pulmonaire lesionnel post-transfusionnel est une complication relativement rare mais potentiellement grave de la transfusion qu'il faut savoir reconnaitre. Exegese. - Un conflit immunologique leucocytaire, le plus souvent du a des anticorps anti-HLA plasmatiques transfuses est a l'origine de cet accident. Les mesures preventives envisageables (recherche d'anticorps anti-HLA chez les donneurs de sang et elimination des produits sanguins labiles issus des donneurs immunises) sont discutees. Conclusion L'œdeme pulmonaire lesionnel post-transfusionnel doit etre evoque devant un tableau de detresse respiratoire aigue survenant a la suite d'une transfusion, apres avoir elimine un œdeme pulmonaire de surcharge. Une enquete transfusionnelle immunologique doit etre faite systematiquement. La mise en place de la deleucocytation des produits sanguins labiles et une harmonisation dans la selection des donneurs de sang devrait permettre une prevention de cette complication rare.

Resume Un cas d'œdeme pulmonaire lesionnel post-transfusionnel attribue a des anticorps antiHLA presents dans un concentre de globules rouges nous a conduits a discuter du depistage des anticorps anti-HLA chez les donneuses de sang ayant eu des grossesses et de l'utilisation des produits sanguins labiles (PSL).