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Résumé En milieu institutionnel, les troubles du comportement des résidents atteints de démence restent essentiellement abordés via des approches pharmacologiques alors que de nombreuses solutions non médicamenteuses existent. Parmi celles-ci, la présence simulée consiste en un enregistrement sonore ou vidéo réalisé par des proches dans le but d’apaiser un résident présentant un trouble du comportement. La présence simulée est encore peu reconnue du fait, notamment, d’un manque d’information théorique et pratique. Le but de cet article est de proposer des recommandations pratiques et méthodologiques quant à la mise en place et à l’utilisation de la présence simulée. Ces recommandations se basent, d’une part, sur la littérature scientifique et, d’autre part, sur notre propre expérience clinique d’application de cet outil en institution pour résidents atteints de démence.

Designed motoring programs for hyperactivity-induced children can lead to visible improvement in their behavioral problems. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effect of perceptual-motor exercises and resistance-balance exercises on behavioral disorders in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In the current research, a semi-experimental design with two groups design with control group was used. A total of 36 boy children aged 12 to 5 years (18 preschoolers and 18 primary school children) with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who visited the Zehnara rehabilitation clinic in Tehran, randomly assigned to two experimental groups (perceptual-motor exercises) and (resistance-balance exercises) and control group. For data screening and collection, Conners Parents Rating Questionnaire and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were used and the results were analyzed using covariance analysis and Ben-fronni post hoc test. The results showed that the effect of perceptual-motor and resistance-balance exercises on reducing behavioral disorders in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was significant (P

Objective To determine the different types of child abuse and its association with behavioral disorders in children presenting to a tertiary care hospital. Materials and methods One hundred abused Pakistani children, of both genders, were included. Children with cerebral palsy, a neurodegenerative disorder, chronic illness, chronic liver disease, congenital heart disease, chronic renal failure, and parents who refused to become part of the study were excluded. Descriptive statistics were calculated. The chi-square test was applied to compare the pattern of abuse among various types of behavioral disorders. P≤0.05 was considered significant. Results The mean age of the study was 10.38±2.64 years. The total number of males was 51 (51%); the rest (49; 49%) were females. The most common behavioral disorder was functional disorder (n=59, 59%) followed by depression (n=26, 26%). The most frequent abuse was physical (n=87, 87%) followed by verbal (n=7, 7%) and the least was sexual (n=6, 6%). There was no statistically significant association between type of behavioral disorder and type of abuse in children (P=0.162). Conclusion The most common type of child abuse among children with behavioral disorders is physical abuse followed by verbal. The type of behavioral disorder is not associated with a specific type of child abuse.

Background The problem of students’ gaming addiction has been related to the individual student’s characteristics and the influence of family environment. Researchers aimed to investigate if and how internet gaming disorder (IGD) of the elementary school boys and girls is related to behavioral disorder and their mother’s parenting style in Iran. Methods This is a descriptive correlational study, involving 657 fifth and sixth-grade elementary school students in 2019. Researchers used a multistage stratified random sampling of students, their parents and their teachers. Data were collected using internet gaming disorder questionnaire (IGD 20), Rutter teacher behavioral disorder questionnaire and Baumrind Parenting Styles questionnaire (PSI). Obtained data were analyzed using SPSS version16 for descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient test. Results Findings showed that IGD prevalence was 5.9% among primary school students with significant relationship between IGD and behavioral disorder among all participants (r = 0.23, p = 0.04); although it was insignificant among boys (r = 0.13, p = 0.11). Also the relationship between IGD and mother’s parenting style was significant in the total sample (r = 0.12, p = 0.03), in particular for girls and their mothers (r = 0.2, p = 0.001). Conclusions The results of this study indicate the importance of family and parental involvement in prevention and management of IGD chiefly among girls. Healthcare professionals will benefit from knowing the problematic consequences of online gaming among school-age children and try to promote safe and healthy online behavior supported by a supervised family environment.

Behavioral disorders are one of the most common psychological issues of childhood and adolescence. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of family-based intervention program on parenting skills of mothers and clinical symptoms of children with behavioral disorder. The study was quasi-experimental research. The population all students with behavioral disorders who were studying the first to six grades in this study, sixthy students and along with their parents were selected as the main sample of the research. The research tools included Baumrind's parental style inventory and clinical symptoms checklist. The intra-family relationships promotion program was held as eight group sessions for parents, an individual family session, two phone- call sessions and an enforcement session. The research findings indicated that the family-based intervention program could improve mothers' authoritative parenting skills and also could reduce clinical symptoms of children and the results were stabled for a three-month follow-up. Therefore, family and child counselors can use this family-based intervention program to increase parenting skills of mothers and reduction clinical symptoms of children with behavioral disorder.

Background:The association between challenging behavior (CB) and epilepsy in people with intellectual disability (ID) remains largely controversial., Aim:To clarify the correlation between CB and epilepsy, we investigated the clinical characteristics of CB in both people with and without epilepsy among individuals with ID hospitalized in our residential facility., Methods and procedures:A total of 63 individuals with CB was retrospectively investigated using the Behavior Problems Inventory, and the following items were collected from the medical records: sex, age, hospitalization period, etiology and risk factors, level of ID, type of CB, administration of psychotropic drugs, presence or absence of epilepsy and clinical features of epilepsy., Outcomes and results:Almost all individuals with CB showed profound ID. There was no significant difference in the rate of CB between people with and without epilepsy. A type analysis of CB revealed that self-injurious behavior was observed more frequently in epilepsy cases (66.7 %) than in cases without epilepsy (36.4 %) (p = 0.015), and self-injurious behavior was the predominant clinical form in people with epilepsy among the three subgroups of CB (self-injurious, aggressive and self-injurious and aggressive behavior)., Conclusions and implications:The high incidence of self-injurious behavior in epilepsy with profound disabilities may imply the presence of common pathological basis of self-injurious behavior and epilepsy.

Intellectual disability (ID) encompasses a wide variety of disorders that can severely affect an individual’s cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development, even when identified early in life. Initially, individuals with such disorders had shorter life expectancies. However, medical advances have increased the life expectancy of individuals with ID similar to that of the general population. More attention must be paid to manage diseases affecting the intellectually disabled elderly, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic constipation, and behavioral disorders.

Neuropsychiatric disorders are highly prevalent conditions with significant individual, societal, and economic impacts. A major challenge in the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions is the lack of sensitive, reliable, objective, quantitative tools to inform diagnosis, and measure symptom severity. Currently available assays rely on self-reports and clinician observations, leading to subjective analysis. As a step toward creating quantitative assays of neuropsychiatric symptoms, we propose an immersive environment to track behaviors relevant to neuropsychiatric symptomatology and to systematically study the effect of environmental contexts on certain behaviors. Moreover, the overarching theme leads to connected tele-psychiatry which can provide effective assessment.

This paper presents a patient-centered interaction project of Pepper humanoid robotic therapy applications for children with attention deficit. This new therapeutic methodology was created to support and make therapeutic work more attractive. Pepper comes with a tablet and two identical cameras. The tablet is used to make the patients interact with the application, while the cameras are used to capture their emotions in real-time to understand the degree of attention and any difficulties they may have. The interaction with the tablet takes place through some exercises in the form of games. The exercises performed by the patients are analyzed and combined with the data acquired by the cameras. The combination of these data is elaborated to propose adequate levels of therapeutic activity. This process leads to the digitization of the patients' therapeutic path so that any improvement (or worsening) is monitored and makes Pepper a reliable and predictable technological intermediary for the child. The work was developed in collaboration with a diagnostic and therapeutic center, where it is being tested. By interacting with a humanoid robot, children show greater involvement, which can be explained, according to psychologists, by the fact that a robot is emotionally less rich than humans and the patients feel less fearful.

Els Traumatismes Cranioencefàlics (TCE) són lesions físiques produïdes sobre el teixit cerebral que alteren de forma temporal o permanent la funció cerebral, causant alteració a nivell motor, sensorial, cognitiu, emocional i conductual. Els TCE constitueixen la principal causa de mort i discapacitat en persones menors de 45 anys. En aquest treball s'estudiarà el cas d'un pacient de 17 anys amb seqüeles provocades per un traumatisme cranioencefàlic. Es tracta d'un pacient fictici basat en un reportatge científic del Servei de Pediatria de Mèxic. El perfil neuropsicològic del pacient mostra alteracions cognitives en els processos atencionals, en la velocitat de processament, d'aprenentatge, i sobretot una gran afectació de les funcions executives. Mostra una baixa consciència dels dèficits i problemes en les habilitats socials i en la cognició social, amb un llenguatge alentit. El principal objectiu que persegueix aquest Treball de Fi de Màster és crear per al nostre pacient un programa de neurorehabilitació integral i multidisciplinari individualitzat, on s'obtingui el màxim rendiment funcional, entenent els seus dèficits i/o limitacions cognitives i conductuals, per evitar que l'afectin en la seva vida quotidiana, personal, familiar i social. Los Traumatismos Craneoencefálicos (TCE) son lesiones físicas producidas sobre el tejido cerebral que alteran de forma temporal o permanente la función cerebral, causando alteración a nivel motor, sensorial, cognitivo, emocional y conductual. Los TCE constituyen la principal causa de muerte y discapacidad en personas menores de 45 años. En este trabajo s¿estudiará el caso de un paciente de 17 años con secuelas provocadas por un traumatismo craneoencefálico. Se trata de un paciente ficticio basado en un reportaje científico del Servicio de Pediatría de México. El perfil neuropsicológico del paciente muestra alteraciones cognitivas en los procesos atencionals, en la velocidad de procesamiento, de aprendizaje, y sobre todo una gran afectación de las funciones ejecutivas. Muestra una baja conciencia de los déficits y problemas en las habilidades sociales y en la cognición social, con un lenguaje retardado. El principal objetivo que persigue este Trabajo de Fin de Máster es crear para nuestro paciente un programa de neurorehabilitació integral y multidisciplinario individualizado, donde se obtenga el máximo rendimiento funcional, entendiendo sus déficits y/o limitaciones cognitivas y conductuales, para evitar que lo afecten en su vida cotidiana, personal, familiar y social. Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) are physical injuries to brain tissue that temporarily or permanently alter brain function, causing motor, sensory, cognitive, emotional and behavioral alterations. TBI is the leading cause of death and disability in people under 45 years of age. This paper will study the case of a 17-year-old patient with sequelae caused by a traumatic brain injury. This is a fictitious patient based on a scientific report from the Pediatrics Service of Mexico. The neuropsychological profile of the patient shows cognitive alterations in the attentional processes, in the speed of processing, learning, and above all a great affectation of the executive functions. He shows a low awareness of deficits and problems in social skills and social cognition, with delayed language. The main objective of this Master's Thesis is to create for our patient a comprehensive and individualized multidisciplinary neurorehabilitation program, where the maximum functional performance is obtained, understanding his deficits and/or cognitive and behavioral limitations, to prevent them from affecting his daily, personal, family and social life.

Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked inherited neuromuscular disorder due to mutations in the dystrophin gene. Animal models that accurately reflect pathological conditions and disease characteristics are key factors in the discovery and development of new anti-DMD drugs. Aim Here, we evaluated motor behavior, pathological and biochemical characters of a new DMD mouse model built up by the Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute of Nanjing University (NBRI). Methods The pole test and open-field test were used to assess the movement disorders in DMD mouse model. The gastrocnemius (GAS), biceps, triceps, soleus, and tibialis anterior muscles of mice were subjected to weight analysis to evaluate the skeletal muscle pseudohypertrophy. Meanwhile, immunofluorescence and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of dystrophin in the GAS. Serum levels of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) that accurately reflect muscle damage were detected. Masson staining was used to evaluate the fibrosis of GAS and diaphragm (DIA). Results The novel DMD mouse showed significant behavioral disorders and exhibited high serum levels of CK and LDH. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining showed decreased significantly with dystrophin level in the GAS. Besides, the mdx mouse of DMD developed fibrosis in both GAS and DIA. Conclusion Taken together, our results indicated that the behavioral, biochemical and pathological characterization of the mdx mouse model is similar to human DMD. This mdx mouse model may provide insights into the pathophysiology of DMD and the effects of anti-DMD drugs., Core tip: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked inherited neuromuscular disorder due to mutations in the dystrophin gene. Animal models that accurately reflect pathological conditions and disease characteristics are key factors in the discovery and development of new anti-DMD drugs. Here, we described a novel DMD mouse model built up by the Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute of Nanjing University (NBRI). We found that the DMD mouse showed significant behavioral disorders and exhibited increased serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase. Western blotting and Immunofluorescence staining also showed significantly decreased expression level of dystrophin in the gastrocnemius (GAS) muscle. Besides, the mdx mouse of DMD developed fibrosis in both GAS and diaphragm (DIA). Taken together, our results indicated that the behavioral, biochemical and pathological characterization of the mdx mouse model is consistent with human DMD. This genetic mouse model may provide insights into the pathophysiology of DMD and the effects of anti-DMD drugs.

Le présent article vise à comparer deux modèles d’intervention en TGC, soit le modèle québécois d’Analyse et d’Intervention MultiModales (AIMM) et le modèle de Soutien Comportemental Positif (SCP : Positive Behavioral Support) chez les personnes présentant une déficience intellectuelle (DI). Ce modèle de LaVigna et Willis (2012) a d’ailleurs fait l’objet récemment de démonstrations convaincantes sur le plan de son efficacité et de son efficience clinique. Après avoir constaté les compatibilités et les différences entre ces deux modèles sur le plan qualitatif, certaines pistes d’amélioration clinique et de recherche concernant l’AIMM sont relevées., The purpose of this article is to compare two models of intervention in SBD: the Quebec Multimodal Analysis and Intervention Model (AIMM) and the Positive Behavioral Support Model (SCP) in people with intellectual disabilities (ID). The latter model of LaVigna and Willis (2012) has recently been the subject of convincing demonstrations in terms of its effectiveness and clinical efficiency. After having noted the compatibilities and the differences between these two models in terms of quality, some lines of clinical improvement and research concerning the AIMM are raised.

The traditional categorical classification system and new diagnostic systems will be discussed in this issue. .Mettre la traduction ES.Mettre la traduction FR.

The Mediator is an evolutionarily conserved, multi-subunit complex that regulates multiple steps of transcription. Mediator activity is regulated by the reversible association of a four-subunit module comprising CDK8 or CDK19 kinases, together with cyclin C, MED12 or MED12L, and MED13 or MED13L. Mutations in MED12, MED13, and MED13L were previously identified in syndromic developmental disorders with overlapping phenotypes. Here, we report CDK8 mutations (located at 13q12.13) that cause a phenotypically related disorder. Using whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing, and by international collaboration, we identified eight different heterozygous missense CDK8 substitutions, including 10 shown to have arisen de novo, in 12 unrelated subjects; a recurrent mutation, c.185C>T (p.Ser62Leu), was present in five individuals. All predicted substitutions localize to the ATP-binding pocket of the kinase domain. Affected individuals have overlapping phenotypes characterized by hypotonia, mild to moderate intellectual disability, behavioral disorders, and variable facial dysmorphism. Congenital heart disease occurred in six subjects; additional features present in multiple individuals included agenesis of the corpus callosum, ano-rectal malformations, seizures, and hearing or visual impairments. To evaluate the functional impact of the mutations, we measured phosphorylation at STAT1-Ser727, a known CDK8 substrate, in a CDK8 and CDK19 CRISPR double-knockout cell line transfected with wild-type (WT) or mutant CDK8 constructs. These experiments demonstrated a reduction in STAT1 phosphorylation by all mutants, in most cases to a similar extent as in a kinase-dead control. We conclude that missense mutations in CDK8 cause a developmental disorder that has phenotypic similarity to syndromes associated with mutations in other subunits of the Mediator kinase module, indicating probable overlap in pathogenic mechanisms.

BackgroundQualitative self- or parent-reports used in assessing children’s behavioral disorders are often inconvenient to collect and can be misleading due to missing information, rater biases, and limited validity. A data-driven approach to quantify behavioral disorders could alleviate these concerns. This study proposes a machine learning approach to identify screams in voice recordings that avoids the need to gather large amounts of clinical data for model training.ObjectiveThe goal of this study is to evaluate if a machine learning model trained only on publicly available audio data sets could be used to detect screaming sounds in audio streams captured in an at-home setting.MethodsTwo sets of audio samples were prepared to evaluate the model: a subset of the publicly available AudioSet data set and a set of audio data extracted from the TV show Supernanny, which was chosen for its similarity to clinical data. Scream events were manually annotated for the Supernanny data, and existing annotations were refined for the AudioSet data. Audio feature extraction was performed with a convolutional neural network pretrained on AudioSet. A gradient-boosted tree model was trained and cross-validated for scream classification on the AudioSet data and then validated independently on the Supernanny audio.ResultsOn the held-out AudioSet clips, the model achieved a receiver operating characteristic (ROC)–area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86. The same model applied to three full episodes of Supernanny audio achieved an ROC-AUC of 0.95 and an average precision (positive predictive value) of 42% despite screams only making up 1.3% (n=92/7166 seconds) of the total run time.ConclusionsThese results suggest that a scream-detection model trained with publicly available data could be valuable for monitoring clinical recordings and identifying tantrums as opposed to depending on collecting costly privacy-protected clinical data for model training.

Accompanying human beings since the Paleolithic period, dogs has been recently regarded as a reliable model for the study of the gut microbiome connections with health and disease. In order to provide some glimpses on the connections between the gut microbiome layout and host behavior, we profiled the phylogenetic composition and structure of the canine gut microbiome of dogs with aggressive (n = 11), phobic (n = 13) and normal behavior (n = 18). Hormones’ determination was made through Radio Immuno-Assay (RIA), and next generation sequencing of the V3–V4 gene region of the bacterial 16S rRNA was employed to determine gut microbiome composition. Our results did not evidence any significant differences of hormonal levels between the three groups. According to our findings, aggressive behavioral disorder was found to be characterized by a peculiar gut microbiome structure, with high biodiversity and enrichment in generally subdominant bacterial genera (i.e. Catenibacterium and Megamonas). On the other hand, phobic dogs were enriched in Lactobacillus, a bacterial genus with known probiotic and psychobiotic properties. Although further studies are needed to validate our findings, our work supports the intriguing opportunity that different behavioral phenotypes in dogs may be associated with peculiar gut microbiome layouts, suggesting possible connections between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system and indicating the possible adoption of probiotic interventions aimed at restoring a balanced host-symbiont interplay for mitigating behavioral disorders., Biological sciences; Microbiology; Endocrinology; Veterinary medicine; Animal behavior; Microbiome, Behavioral disorders, Aggressive dogs, Phobic dogs, Hormones

Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) can experience several behavioral symptoms, such as apathy, agitation, hypersexuality, stereotypic movements, pathological gambling, abuse of antiparkinsonian drugs, and REM sleep behavioral disorders. Psychoses and hallucinations, depression and anxiety disorders, and difficulties in recognizing and experiencing emotions also impair behavior and can cause severe psychosocial problems in patients with PD. Symptoms can be present since early stages of the disease, sometimes even before the appearance of classical motor symptoms, likely in relation to dopamine depletion in basal ganglia and/or to dysfunctions of other neurotrasmitter systems, and others can develop later, in some cases in relation to dopaminergic treatment. In this paper, we review recent literature, with particular attention to the last 5 years, on the main behavioral and emotional disturbances described in PD patients as well as the hypothesized neurofunctional substrate of such impairments. Finally, we provide some suggestions on the most suitable instruments to check and assess PD-associated behavioral defects over time.

Ischemic strokes carry a significant risk of mortality and recurrent vascular events. Recent studies suggest that changes in microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) may affect the development of the stroke. However, few studies have investigated the role of miRNAs in behavioral disorder in early stroke. In the present study, animal models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) are used, as well as a cell model of neurite outgrowth to further investigate the role of miRNAs in targeting synapse-associated proteins expression in early stroke. The authors used miRNA expression microarrays on RNA extracted from the cortex tissue samples from the rats of MCAO and control rats. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction was conducted to verify the candidate miRNAs discovered by microarray analysis. Data indicated that miR‑125a was significantly increased in the cortex of the model of MCAO, which were concomitant with that rats of MCAO at the same age displayed significant behavioral deficits. Bioinformatics analysis predicted the cell adhesion molecule 2 (Cadm2, mRNA) neurite outgrowth-associated protein is targeted by miR‑125a. Overexpression of miR‑125a reduced the level of Cadm2 expression in PC12 cell injury induced by free-serum. In contrast, inhibition of miR‑125a using miR‑125a inhibitors significantly resulted in higher levels of Cadm2 expression. In conclusion, miR‑125a is involved in the behavioral disorder of animal models of MCAO by regulation of Cadm2.

Adolescents with intellectual disabilities, due to deficits in their intellectual functioning, are exposed to even greater risk of developing various forms of behavioral disorders.Goal: to determine the risk of emergence of behavioral disorders in adolescents with mild intellectual disability.Respondents: adolescents (211) with mild intellectual disability, educational staff in special secondary schools (39) and members of the expert team (5).Methods: descriptive method, method of comparative analysisProcedures: survey and semi-structured interviews with the educational staff and expert team.Statistical data processing: Windows Tool R x C for contingency tables analysis and Fisher Exact Test, and as significant were considered the differences with significance level of pResults: with the statistical data processing we came to the conclusion that the school achievements affect the emergence of undesired behavior (pConclusion: we came to the conclusion that different forms of behavioral disorders appear in students and they haven't been sufficiently informed about the possible consequences and they rarely voluntarily initiate conversation in respect of the problem. The behavio- ral disorders in this category of students are conditioned by multiple factors by the type of housing, the duration of the period in a stu- dent home, the school achievements, the age and the sex.Key words: behavioral disorder, adolescence, mild intellectual disability(ProQuest: ... denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted.)IntroductionBehavioral disorders are a problem in society that needs to be paid more attention to. Various forms of deviant behavior are also often encountered in people with intellectual disabilities.Different groups affect the personality of the individual, and this effect can be manifested as a risk factor or protective factor.The risk factors affect the increased likelihood of emergence of deviant forms of behavior, while the protective factors reduce this impact by changing the way the young person reacts in a particular situation. The risk factors and protective factors exist in all social contexts in which social interaction takes place. These social contexts are called domains, and they include family, school, peers and social environment (1).The family represents the primary group in which, beginning from the birth, the foun- dations of the future individual are being shaped and the process of education and socialization takes place. Within the family, the child builds its moral character, the intellectual predispositions, as well as the first characteris- tics of its personality are being developed and a picture is being created about its own values and the values of other people (2). The dysfunctional families are generally poor, single parent families and families with a large number of children. These are usually socially isolated, and the parents have insufficiently developed communication skills and empathy and lower opinion of their own skills (3). The school also represents a very important factor in the development of a person and its socialization in general. If an adolescent has been positively accepted in school, it develops a feeling of security and it has a greater level of academic achievements; on the contrary the school becomes a source that generates inconveniences. The failure in school increases the risk of leaving school, using illegal substances, development of delinquency and other forms of deviant behavior (4). Socializing with peers is very important for the development of a personality, especially in the period of adolescence. …

Background: in Germany we may state that despite all efforts of inclusive education there is a tendency towards segregated education as far as “Emotional and Social Development” is concerned. In Berlin, the “Transition” project could be developed. By the help of this support approach it was possible all participating children to stay at their primary schools. Aims: the survey was meant to find out in which way the support, in context of the “Transition” project, has contributed to successful inclusive learning of students with considerable problems in their social behaviour. Methods:a semi-standardized questionnaire for interviewing class teachers of regular school classes was used, and furthermore school certificates were assessed concerning regular school attendance as well as performance in Mathematics and German. Nine Berlin schools took part in the survey. The response rate was 96%. Results: the current survey shows that inclusive education in case of considerable problems in social behaviour may be successful by counselling parents and teachers, by cooperation with school and by youth aid, as well as by way of a temporary learning group relieving both students with difficult behaviour as well as the overall group and the teachers, one succeeds with practicing recognition and acceptance, even despite serious behavioural problems at school. Conclusion: the results clearly show that the teacher - student interaction and the student - student interaction improves significantly in the subjective perception of class teachers. For this relationship to work, all those participating in it need “a specific environment”.

Background Patients suffering from chronic health conditions are compelled to strive to adjust in their communities. As a result, changes in their physical and psychosocial states are likely to occur. Several studies have described the prevalence of behavioral disorders in such patients. Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) is a screening tool to detect behavioral disorders in children with chronic illness.Objective To determine the prevalence of and factors associated with behavioral disorders in children with chronic health conditions.Methods A cross sectional study was conducted on 4 to 14 year-old-children with chronic diseases in out-patient clinic, Sanglah Hospital from October to December 2008. PSC-17 was used to screen the presence of behavioral disorders. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were used for analysis.Results One hundred and four children were included in this study. The prevalence of behavioral disorder based on PSC-17 score ≥ 15 was 37.5%. The study showed that duration of illness of more than 3 years had significant correlation with behavioral disorders, compared with the group of 3 month – 3 years duration of illness (OR 3.30, 95% CI 1.33 to 8.22, P = 0.010}.Conclusions Prevalence of behavioral disorders in children with chronic health condition is 37.5%. The duration of illness contributes to the manifestation of behavioral disorders in children with chronic health conditions. [Paediatr Indones. 2010;50:1-5].

Background: Orphans are the special group of children who are generally deprived and prone to develop psychiatric disorders even reared in well run institution. Objectives: To find out the prevalence of the behavioral and emotional disorder among the children living in orphanage in Dhaka city, and to assess the possible factors associated with the presence of disorders among this study population. Methods: It was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted in selected orphanages. A Total 342 cases were included. One stage structured assessment of psychopathology was carried out by using a valid Bangla version of DAWBA (The Development and Well-Being Assessment). Data analysis was done by SPSS for windows 16.0 version. Results: The results indicate that overall prevalence of behavioral and emotional disorders were 40.35%, in which Behavioral disorder was 26.9%, Emotional disorder was 10.2% and both Behavioral and Emotional disorder were 3.2%. Higher length of stay and low level of education of foster mother were significantly associated with psychiatric morbidity of the respondents. Conclusions: It can be concluded that behavioral and emotional disorders are highly prevalent among orphan children and adolescents with residential care that needs to be addressed. Moreover, measure for early identification and intervention will improve the quality of life of the orphan population. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v5i1.10997 BSMMU J 2012; 5(1):29-34

Only 20 patients with deletions of 18q12.2 have been reported in the literature and the associated phenotype includes borderline intellectual disability, behavioral problems, seizures, obesity, and eye manifestations. Here, we report a male patient with a de novo translocation involving chromosomes 12 and 18, with borderline IQ, developmental and behavioral disorders, myopia, obesity, and febrile seizures in childhood. We characterized the rearrangement with Affymetrix SNP 6.0 Array analysis and next-generation mate pair sequencing and found truncation of CELF4 at 18q12.2. This second report of a patient with a neurodevelopmental phenotype and a translocation involving CELF4 supports that CELF4 is responsible for the phenotype associated with deletion of 18q12.2. Our study illustrates the utility of high-resolution genome-wide techniques in identifying neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral genes, and it adds to the growing evidence, including a transgenic mouse model, that CELF4 is important for human brain development.

Individual characteristics of human nature (e.g. introversion, extroversion, mood, activity, adaptability, aggressiveness, social ability, anxiety) do not need to be primarily innate. They can be determined by the action of various influences and their interactions on functional development of the brain. There is ample epidemiological and experimental evidence that chemical and/or physical factors acting during sensitive time windows of the brain development can cause mental, behavioral, emotional and/or cognitive disorders. Environmental pollutants, addictive substances, drugs, malnutrition, excessive stress and/or hypoxia-ischemia were reported to induce functional maldevelopment of the brain with consequent neurobehavioral disorders. The article provides review on most significant neurobehavioral manifestations of developmental impairment of the brain during prenatal, perinatal and early postnatal period. The most known adverse factors causing developmental neurobehavioral dysfunctions in humans as well as in experimental animals are discussed.

International audience; The efficacy of parent–child psychotherapies is widely recognized today. There are, however, less data on predictive factors for outcome in infants and toddlers and their parents. The aim of this study was to highlight predictive factors for outcome after a brief psychotherapy in a population of 49 infants and toddlers aged 3–30 months presenting functional or behavioral disorders. Two assessments were performed, the first before treatment and the second a month after the end of the therapy. These assessments included an evaluation of the child's symptoms, and of depressive or anxiety symptoms in the parents. The assessments after therapy show complete or partial improvement in the child's symptoms for nearly three quarters, and a decrease in the number of anxious and depressive mothers, and also in the number of depressive fathers. Three independent factors appear as predictive of unfavorable outcome for the child: frequency and intensity of behavioral problems and fears, and the absence of the father at more than two-thirds of consultations. The outcome for the mother is associated solely with her anxiety score at the start of the therapy. This study underlines the particular difficulties involved in the treatment of infants and toddlers presenting behavioral disturbances and emotional difficulties, and the value of involving the father in treatment.

Behavioral manifestations may dominate the clinical picture of the frontal variant of frontotemporal dementia (fv-FTD) for a long time before the appearance of true cognitive deficits. On the other hand, a deficit in the episodic memory domain represents the main manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Many behavioral disorders have been described in the clinical course of both FTD and AD; however, apathy and personality changes characterize frontal dementias, while depression dominates in AD, at least in the earlier stages. Depending on the distribution of neural damage, different patterns of noncognitive manifestations may be expected in different subtypes of FTD, Recent research on the social cognition deficit in FTD has offered new insights into the relationship between cognition and behavior, suggesting that some aspects of the behavioral changes in dementia may be generated by impairment in this domain.

Throughout the last couple of decades, in a large number of studies of which the most significant are presented in this paper, it has been clearly proven that there is a strong relation between behavioral disorders, hyperactive syndrome and attention deficit and later on criminal activities, including both violent and aggressive behavior in adolescence and young adulthood which obstinately remains throughout an entire lifetime. The results of various scientific studies prove that there is a significant percentage of children with hyperkinetic syndrome, especially those whose dominant trait is impulsiveness, who in their adulthood become criminal psychopaths. Similarities were established between children with hyperkinetic syndrome and adult psychopath criminals relating to both their behavioral and neurophysiological patterns (EEG, level of vigilance in the cortex of the large brain, etc..) Bases on a large, modern empirical structure, precedence of the results acquired in studies of longitudinal design, we can be conclude that the category with highest risk of criminality is made up of children which have both the hyperkinetic syndrome and behavioral disorders. These children are diagnosed by a growing number of authors, even at a very early age, as being "early psychopaths," whereas Lynam (1998) refers to them as "fledgling psychopaths." Recognizing the early signs of development of hyperactivity, impulsiveness and disorders in behavioral patterns can be of essential importance in preventing crime, because that is a combination that results in the worst possible prognostic results: long-term psychologically structured predisposition for committing criminal acts - antisocial disturbances in personality, in other words criminal psychopathology. Tokom poslednjih nekoliko decenija u brojnim studijama, od kojih su najznačajnije prezentirane u ovom radu, jasno je dokazano da postoji snažna relacija između poremećaja u ponašanju, sindroma hiperaktivnosti i poremećaja pažnje i docnije kriminalne aktivnosti, uključujući i violentno i agresivno ponašanje u adolescenciji i ranom odraslom periodu koje se tvrdokorno zadržava tokom čitavog života. Rezultati naučnih istraživanja svedoče da značajan procenat dece sa hiperkinetičkim sindromom i to one kod koje je dominantna karakteristika impulsivnost, u odraslom periodu postaju kriminalne psihopate. Sličnosti između dece sa hiperkinetičkim sindromom i odraslih psihopatskih prestupnika ustanovljene su i na bihevioralnom i na neurofiziološkom planu (EEG, nivo budnosti kore velikog mozga i sl). Na temelju obimne, savremene empirijske građe, prvenstveno nalaza dobijenih u studijama sa longitudinalnim dizajnom, može se zaključiti da najrizičniju kategoriju za kriminal čine deca kod koje se sreću udruženi hiperkinetički sindrom i poremećaj u ponašanju. Ovu decu sve veći broj autora, već na ranom uzrastu, dijagnostikuje kao "rana psihopatija", a Lynam (1998) ih naziva "poletarci psihopatije". Prepoznavanje ranih razvojnih znakova hiperaktivnosti, impulsivnosti i poremećaja u ponašanju je od suštinske važnosti u prevenciji kriminala jer je to kombinacija koja rezultira najgorim mogućim prognostičkim ishodom: trajnom psihološki strukturiranom predispozicijom za vršenje krivičnih dela - antisocijalnim poremećajem ličnosti, odnosno kriminalnom psihopatijom.

Background Disasters, including earthquakes, may strike abruptly without warning. Children may develop psychological damage resulting from experiencing an overwhelmingly traumatic event. They may feel very frightened during a disaster and demonstrate emotional and behavioral problems afterwards.Objective To evaluate the presence of developmental disorders, behavioral disorders, and depression in children after the earthquake at Padang and Pariaman on September 30th, 2009.Methods This was a cross􀁘sectional study using the developmental pre screening questionnaire (KPSP), Pediatric Symptoms Checklist-17 (PSC-17), and Child Depression Inventory (CDI) in children after the Padang and Pariaman earthquake (September 30th, 2009), in Sungai Limau and Sungai Geringging District, Pariaman Region, West Sumatera. Our study was conducted October 15th to November 28th, 2009.Results There were 172 children screened using the KPSP. Forty-two (25%) children scored 7􀁘8 (reason for concern), 18 (10%) children scored