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There are several remotely sensed images of varied resolutions available. As a result, several classification techniques exist, which are roughly classified as pixel-based and object-based classification methods. Based on the foregoing, this study provided an integrated method of deriving land use from a coarse satellite image. Location coordinates of the land uses were acquired with a handheld Global Positioning System (GPS) instrument as primary data. The study classified the image quantitatively (pixel-based) into built-up, water, riparian, cultivated, and uncultivated land cover classes with no mixed pixels, and then qualitatively into educational, commercial, health, residential, and security land use classes that were conflicting due to spectral similarity. The total accuracy and kappa coefficient of the pixel-based land cover classification were 92.5% and 94% respectively. The results showed that residential land use occupied an area of 5500.01ha, followed by educational (2800.69ha); security (411.27ha); health (133.88ha); and commercial (109.01ha) respectively. The integrated method produces a crisp-appearance like the object-based image classification method. It eliminates the "salt and pepper" appearance that a traditional pixel-based classification would have. The output can be a vector or raster model depending on the purpose for which it is created.

Lung cancer screening has the potential to identify lung cancer at an early stage when more treatment options exist. However, discussions with and referrals of screening-eligible patients remain unacceptably low. We need to better understand clinician knowledge, attitudes, and practice patterns to identify strategies to improve lung cancer screening uptake. Prior studies have focused on understanding these factors from physicians only. Nevertheless, many patients receive primary care from nurse practitioners and physician assistants where prevention and early detection conversations are most likely to occur. Therefore, we must engage the full range of clinicians treating screening-eligible patients.The aim of this study was to describe attitudes, beliefs and referral practice patterns, lung cancer screening knowledge, and concordance with lung cancer screening guidelines among nurse practitioners, physicians, and physician assistants in the United States.A descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed using survey methodology with clinical vignettes to examine clinician factors and concordance with U.S. Preventive Services Task Force lung cancer screening guidelines.Participants scored low on attitudes toward shared decision-making, high on the importance of shared decision-making in lung cancer screening, and low on barriers to lung cancer screening referral. In addition, midrange scores on empathy toward patients with smoking history were noted. Lung cancer screening knowledge was low regardless of clinician specialty; the most endorsed response when presented with a hypothetical patient was to refer for lung cancer screening using a chest X-ray.Findings demonstrate that most clinicians are nonconcordant with U.S. Preventive Services Task Force guidelines, erroneously believing a chest X-ray is appropriate for lung cancer screening. Clinicians must follow evidence-based practice guidelines, highlighting the need for targeted continuing education about lung cancer screening for clinicians who treat screening-eligible patients.

The research was conducted to analyze the heat transfer rate of heat exchangers from black steel pipes with rice husk as an energy source. This can be used as a recommendation to replace solar energy in the post-harvest drying process, especially for small farmers in rural areas. Research by converting rice husk biomass into heat energy using a heat exchanger of black steel pipes arranged parallel to one air fluid flow. Heat exchanger pipes are placed inside the furnace with dimensions of 50 cm x 50 cm x 80 cm. Forced convection is applied through a fan placed in the drying chamber with a constant speed of 2 m/s. It was found that the ambient temperature increased by an average of 11.70% without adding rice husk mass during the test. The average ambient temperature (Ti) is 305.10 K and ranges from 300.60 to 307.40 K which can be increased to (To) 340.80 K with a range of 317.25 to 366.30 K. This temperature is the out the heat exchanger pipes that can be used for the drying process. The value of the heat transfer rate reached an average of 39.19 W with a range of 18.62-63.19 W. The pattern of distribution of heat transfer rates follows the trend of temperature distribution. It was found that when rice husk turns into charcoal it causes a high heat transfer rate. High heat transfer rates are needed in the drying process of a product so that the required time is shorter and optimal. In addition, rice husk biomass can be used as alternative energy because it is easy to obtain, especially in agricultural areas that grow rice.

Mobile phones, especially smartphones have impacted the way we access information related to education. For instance, students are now able to view their results using a smartphone on a browser. However, these result systems that make it possible for students to view their exam results through web browsers or emails on their mobile devices need an internet connection for the process to work as expected. Also, given the indigent nature of most students in developing countries, this creates a digital divide for students that do not own smartphones. With many students coming from rural and often low economic status homes, not many can afford smartphones. Hence, leveraging on the potentials of Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD) and Short Message Service (SMS), a Mobile USSD-SMS Interactive Result Checking System for Resource-Constrained Settings (MIRCS) was developed to provide a device agnostic accessible Result Checking System. This study evaluated MIRCS using System Usability Scale (SUS) to verify the effectiveness from a usability point of view. The result of the evaluation shows that the MIRCS is usable which received grade C (66.21), although it does not meet the acceptable level specified by SUS. Further analysis of the interaction with respondents suggests some areas of improvement to include cost of service, high availability and accuracy.

This study investigated quality service delivery in higher education based on students' perspectives. The study aimed to determine whether students' expectations of service quality in higher education significantly differed from what they experienced and whether their experience of service quality predicted their satisfaction and loyalty. Four hundred and twenty first-year students were sampled from two public universities to participate in the study. The data gathering instrument used in the study was the students' evaluation of service quality questionnaire. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling techniques. Results showed that the average mean score of prior expectations of university service quality was significantly higher than the average mean score of experience, suggesting that what students expected of university service quality was higher than what they experienced. The results also indicated that students' experiences of service quality had a significant direct effect on their satisfaction levels. Students' levels of satisfaction in turn significantly and positively predicted their loyalty. The results further indicated that students' service quality experience had an indirect (mediated by satisfaction) significant and positive effect on loyalty. Higher education authorities are encouraged to improve service quality, which is a critical way to enhance students' satisfaction and, for that matter, their loyalty and stay intentions.

Using linked birth and death certificates for participants served by a Healthy Start program in South Carolina and community controls, we found that the Healthy Start program contributed to significant improvements in prenatal care, breastfeeding initiation, and participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children and significant reductions in inadequate weight gain and large-for-gestational-age births. However, Healthy Start participants were more likely to gain excessive weight during pregnancy, and there were no significant differences in perinatal outcomes. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(5):509–513. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307232 )

Immature mosquitoes were evaluated for the productivity of the breeding habitats using field cages in Niger State. Mosquitoes were sampled weekly both outside and inside field experimental cages by dipping and emptying the cages in a bowl container and identified using microscope-guided standard morphological keys. Three genera namely, Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex, were encountered and the mean immature abundance rate (IAR), in gutters, follows decreasing order and dominated by Culex (93.16±10.79%) > Anopheles (17.79±2.23%) > Aedes (15.77±2.12 %). In swamps, Anopheles highest mean (78.04±8.00%), followed by Culex (28.13±2.55%) and Aedes(14.54±1.56%). Similarly, in large water bodies, the distribution decreases as; Anopheles (74.33±7.07%)> Culex (27.14±2.50%)>Aedes (12.91±1.30%). In terms of immature productivity rate (IPR) among the three genera, Culex had the highest mean in gutters (191.29±22.37%) followed by Anopheles in large waters and swamps (148.03±14.81% and 153.15±15.92%) while lowest was Aedes (25.57±2.42%) in large water. Furthermore, for the density of immature, 1st stage (L1) recorded the highest followed by 2nd stage (L2), followed by 3rd stage (L3), and the least was the 4th stage (L4) for IAR and IPR. For the estimation of breeding habitats, the cage sampling method is the most reliable (709.86±73.63 mosquitoes) when compared with dipping techniques that recorded 324.06±44.00 mosquitoes. Mosquito physicochemical conditions varied significantly with DO (8.83±0.40) in large water bodies; nitrate (4.57±0.55), phosphate (3.26±0.73), calcium (88.19±12.79), sulphur (28.23±2.45), potassium (10.63±0.76), chlorine (87.52±20.89) and alkalinity (187.00±26.39) in the gutters. However, a positive correlation between rainfall and mosquito species (r = 0.523 to 0.801) as well as between relative humidity and mosquitoes (r= 0.236 to 0.551, p>0.05) on mosquito populations. Only Anopheles in large water habitats was significant (0.801*, p>0.05). The findings revealed disparities in the abundance and larval habitat production rates of the mosquito genera and associated positively with some physicochemical and metrological cues. Consequently, an effective tactic must be developed for mosquito control, particularly in the most highly recognized breeding habitats.&nbsp

Aim: This study was aim to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Stachytarpheta angustifolia methanol extract on aluminium chloride induced Alzheimer’s disease in Albino rats. Study Design: This is an experimental study. Location and Duration of the Study: The research was conducted at the Central Research Laboratory of Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria from 7th October, 2022 to 12th January, 2023. Methodology: The whole plant was extracted using soxhlet extraction method with methanol as solvent. Thirty Albino rats of both sexes were divided into six groups with five rats in each. Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) was used to induced Alzheimer and treated with vitamin E and various doses of the plant extract. Behavioural test was carried out using T-maze to assess learning and memory. Antioxidant parameters (SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH, MDA and NO), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were determined using ELISA kits. Histopathological examination was carried out using hematoxylin and eosin. Results: The results showed a significant (p = .05) decrease in the correct percentage number of alternations and a significant (p = .001) increase in latency time spent in the maze in the aluminum chloride (AlCl3) induced and untreated group compared to the control. There were significant (p = .05) decreased in SOD, CAT activities and GSH (p = .001) level. While, there were significant increase in MDA (p = .001), NO (p = .01), COX-2 (p = .05) and AChE (p = .05) compared to the control. Treatment with the plant extract significantly (p = .001) increased the SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH compared to the aluminum chloride (AlCl3) group. While, MDA, NO, COX-2 and AChE decreases significantly (p = .001) compared to the aluminum chloride (AlCl3) group. Histopathological examination of hippocampus sections tallied with the biochemical parameters. Conclusion: These results may justify the ethnomedicinal use of Stachytarpheta angustifolia, especially in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

In Ayurvedic samhita, it is explained that marma viddha lakshana are caused due to aghat (trauma). Sports injuries are concerned with traumatic injuries. Comparative study of marma sharira vigyan in shalyatantra of ayurveda with modern aspects of sports medicine can aware a sportsmen about the injuries. Janu sandhi (knee joint) is the mostly used joint in various sports leading to a wide range of injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate sports injuries especially in Janusandhi Marma and structural damage occurring in it. The viddh lakshannas(traumatic injuries) of Janu Marma are limping (Khanjata) and the objective of this study is to determine the specific injury at the knee joint that might cause limping. Total 30 patients were selected as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria mention in proforma. Observation & Results were noted with the help of Objective criteria mentioned in the proforma which included sports wise distribution, types of injury, mode of trauma, structural deformities clinical examination score and final diagnosis in study group. The result was Maximum patients had Medial Collateral Ligament involvement followed by Anterior Cruciate Ligament & Medial Meniscus injuries. Patellar injuries and Lateral Collateral Ligament injuries were comparatively less. So it was concluded that with the assessment of clinical examination score it is possible to judge the severity of trauma to janu sandhi marma and the structures involved in the traumatic injuries amongst sports athletes. This study can be helpful for deciding the treatment regime of the patient.

Rendahnya pemahaman tentang faktor penyebab terjadinya kebocoran gas LPG, kebakaran akibat gas yang bocor serta kualitas dan kondisi peralatan yang baik untuk menghindari bahaya kebakaran sangat diperlukan masyarakat. Solusi yang ditawarkan yaitu penyuluhan mencegah bahaya kebakaran kompor gas LPG rumah tangga. Kegiatan dilakukan di Banjar Gria Hita, Lingkungan Griya Pagutan Indah, Pagutan Barat, Mataram. Hasil kegiatan penyuluhan ini memberikan pemahaman kepada warga tentang komponen pada kompor gas yang dapat menimbulkan bahaya kebakaran. Hasilnya warga menjadi mengetahui dan memahami bahwa tata letak tabung gas yang tidak benar dapat memicu bahaya kebakaran. Selain itu, regulator gas harus selalu dalam kondisi baik sehingga aliran gas menjadi efisien dan mencegah terjadinya kebocoran gas.

Background: Placenta accreta spectrum is a pathologic condition of placentation in which the villous tissue adheres or invades the uterine wall. Present study was aimed to study cases of abnormal placentation in the form of placenta accreta spectrum and the maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with it in our hospital. Material and Methods: Present study was single-center, prospective, observational study, pregnant female, gestational age>32weeks, with morbidly adherent placenta diagnosed antenatally by USG/ DOPPLER/ MRI or per operatively (on table). Maternal & Perinatal, outcomes & parameters were studied. Results: Among 58 patients' majority were (43.1%) of the age group of 30 to 34 years, were third gravida (41.4%), 33 (56.9%) delivered before 37 weeks of gestation. 56 (96.6%) patients had at least one LSCS in past pregnancies, 22 (37.9%) had prior curettage, 20 (34.5%) had prior LSCS and curettage, 49 (84.5%) had associated placenta previa. 31 out of 58 patients (53.3%) were diagnosed with morbidly adherent placenta antenatally on ultrasound doppler or MRI and 27 patients (46.6%) were intraoperatively (on table) diagnosed. 33 (56.9%) were diagnosed with placenta percreta, 16 (27.6%) had placenta increta and 9 (15.2%) were diagnosed with placenta accreta. 48 (82.8%) patients had hysterectomy as the rst line of treatment. 47 patients (81%) were shifted to ICU, 23 patients (39.7%) had bladder injuries due to placenta percreta invading the bladder, 30 patients (51.7%) had haemorrhagic shock, sepsis was seen in 3 (5.2%) patients, 2 patients (3.4%) landed in DIC and there were 3 (5.2%) mortalities. 33 (56.8%) neonates had APGAR score at 5 mins of < 7, 58.6% were born preterm, 55.1% required NICU admissions, and 13.7% died in neonatal period. Conclusion: Morbidly adherent placenta is one of the most devastating complications in pregnancy, associated with signicant and increased maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity.

The incidence of hip fractures in the elderly is increasing. Minimally displaced and undisplaced hip fractures can be treated with either internal fixation or hemiarthroplasty.To identify the revision rate of internal fixation and hemiarthroplasty in patients 60 years or older with Garden I or II hip fractures and to identify risk factors associated with each method.A retrospective analysis was conducted from 2 Major Trauma Centres and 9 Trauma Units between 01/01/2015 and 31/12/2020. Patients managed conservatively, treated with a total hip replacement and missing data were excluded from the study.1273 patients were included of which 26.2% (n = 334) had cannulated hip fixation (CHF), 19.4% (n = 247) had a dynamic hip screw (DHS) and 54.7% (n = 692) had a hemiarthroplasty. 66 patients in total (5.2%) required revision surgery. The revision rates for CHF, DHS and hemiarthroplasty were 14.4%, 4%, 1.2% (p0.001) respectively. Failed fixation was the most common reason for revision with the incidence increasing by 7-fold in the CHF group [45.8% (n = 23) vs. 33.3% (n = 3) in DHS; p0.01]. The risk factors identified for CHF revision were age80 (p0.05), female gender (p0.05) and smoking (p0.05). The average length of hospital stay was decreased when using CHF compared to DHS and hemiarthroplasty (12.6 days vs 14.9 days vs 18.1 days respectively, p0.001) and the 1 year mortality rate for CHF, DHS and hemiarthroplasty was 2.5%, 2% and 9% respectively.Fixation methods for Garden I and II hip fractures in elderly patients are associated with a higher revision rate than hemiarthroplasty. CHF has the highest revision rate at 14.4% followed by DHS and hemiarthroplasty. Female patients, patients over the age of 80 and patients with poor bone quality are considered high risk for fixation failure with CHF. When considering a fixation method in such patients, DHS is more robust than a screw construct, followed by hemiarthroplasty.

Demand for green environments has stimulated research on the migration from conventional to renewable energy sources. In the case of combustible energy for domestic applications, briquettes produced from biomass have proven to be a good replacement for wood fuel. In this study, investigation on the performance analysis and optimization of mix ratio of briquettes produced from sugarcane bagasse using composite binders (waste paper and clay) was carried out. Box-Behnken Design feature of the Design Expert software was employed for the optimization of the briquettes mix ratio. Briquettes were produced from sugarcane bagasse based on the optimum conditions of 9.12% clay, 12.57% waste paper, 78.31% proportion of sugarcane bagasse and 5 KN compaction pressure. The produced briquette was found to have a compressive strength of 6.4715 MPa and 0.857 g/min burning rate. The results of the study shows that the experimental values were close to the predicted values with a percentage error of 3.11% for compressive strength and1.79% for burning rate which confirms the validity and adequacy of the predicted models.

Nutritional, sensory, texture, and microbiological load analyses were made of cookies consisting of a partial replacement of wheat flour with plantain (Musa paradisiaca) or cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) flour. There were slight differences in the amounts of protein, fat, and carbohydrate. Accordingly, the nutritional values per 100 g of the cookies correspond to 10-14% protein and 19-21% energy of the recommended daily allowance. In contrast, cookies containing either cocoyam or plantain flour have 20% and 30% more fiber, respectively, compared to cookies containing wheat flour alone. Similarly, plantain and cocoyam cookies’ iron and zinc contents were, respectively, 1-16% and 2-9% more than ( p < 0.05 ) the control. The levels of aerobic plate count in the cookies were lower than recommended thresholds for such food products. Those cookies containing 20% and 40% of either plantain or cocoyam flour had comparable sensory, texture, and color quality compared to the control. The effect of intake of plantain and cocoyam cookies is likely to eliminate population mineral deficiencies, particularly iron, and zinc. These results underline the potential of enabling food security crops such as plantain and cocoyam in sustaining cookies production, utilization, nutritional value, and the role of such crops in addressing food and nutrition insecurity.

Background: Human fertility control (family planning) is among the major approaches through which unwanted pregnancy can be curbed. Hence, utilization of medicinal herbs in the development and formulation of products, as an alternative to conventional drugs, is one of the method options to achieve this. Aim: This study was designed to assess the contraceptive potentials of hydro-ethanolic leaf extract of Sida acuta, through evaluating its effects on fertility hormones, pregnancy status, and body weight of female albino rats. Method: This experiment was conducted using thirty five (35) sexually matured albino rats. Using a CRD, the rats were randomly divided into five (5) groups of seven (7) rats each, with five (5) female and two (2) male replicate assigned to each group. The Control group (Group 1) did not receive any treatment. The females in the standard group (Group 2) were administerd with levonorgestrel-etinyl estradiol (standard drug) 7.5/0.75mg/kg b.w./day p.o. The females in the test groups (Groups 3, 4 and 5) were administered the plant extract at different doses of 100mg/kg b.w./day (Low dose), 200mg/kg b.w./day (Medium dose) and 400mg/kg b.w./day (High dose) p.o. respectively, for 28days. The initial and final body weights of the animals were measured. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses of hydro-ethanolic leaf extract of Sida acuta, as well as the GC-MS analysis were also performed using standard methods. Furthermore, the effects of the extract were checked on the reproductive hormones (FSH, LH, Progesterone and Estrogen), pregnancy status as well as the body weight of the animals. Results: The results revealed the presence of bioactive compounds in the hydro-ethanolic leaf extract of Sida acuta which may be responsible for the contraceptive potentials of the plant. There were decreased levels of FSH across the groups. There was no pregnancy outcome in group 5 (high-dose group). And there was a significant weight reduction in group 5 (high-dose group). Conclusion: The result suggested that the hydro-ethanolic leaf extract of Sida acuta has suppressive effects on the reproductive hormones (especially the gonadotropins) at higher dose, thereby establishing its contraceptive potentials as confirmed by the pregnancy outcome. Also, the extract is capable of significantly decreasing body weight at a high dose.

Parents and guardians in child protection systems are in unequal power relationships with child protection practitioners. This relationship is experienced as exclusionary or even oppressive by many parents and guardians. For families and communities in the child protection system who experience intersectional discrimination and disadvantage, such as people with intellectual disabilities and First Nations people, this unequal relationship and subsequent potential exclusion and oppression can be even more profound. A growing body of literature indicates that advocacy can assist in addressing unequal relationships in other contexts, such as involuntary mental health. This paper explores the role of representational advocacy in supporting parents in child protection settings through a case study of an advocacy service in Victoria, Australia. Using a human rights framework to guide the analysis, the paper highlights how advocacy can help support rights, but that broader structural change will be required to consistently uphold the rights of parents.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic pain is a common, multifactorial condition and pharmacological treatments have limited benefits. Mindfulness is a holistic approach that might be of value in the management of chronic pain. However, attrition rates from mindfulness-based interventions are high and factors affecting engagement are unknown. The aim of this study was to inform the design of a mindfulness programme that would be accessible and acceptable for people with chronic pain.METHODS: Interpretative phenomenological analysis of interview data from people with chronic pain who had taken part in an 8-week mindfulness programme based on mindfulness-based stress reduction revealed factors affecting engagement with and suggestions for tailoring the programme. Factors were grouped into physical, psychological and social domains. Further suggestions for tailoring the programme to address these factors were generated through a nominal group of healthcare professionals and a focus group with service users who had chronic pain.FINDINGS: Physical factors included disability and discomfort with some practices; psychological factors included expectations of the mindfulness programme and understanding the relationship between mindfulness and pain; and social factors included loneliness and support from others. The proposed modifications to the mindfulness programme supported by healthcare professionals and/or service users to address these are described in this paper.PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: This study involved public contributions at a number of stages. The University of Aberdeen Division of Applied Health Sciences Service User Group (who were members of the public with chronic pain) was involved in the design of the study. Patients with chronic pain recruited from general medical practice who took part in the mindfulness programme were interviewed on their experience of the programme. Patients with chronic pain who attended the mindfulness programme, and healthcare professionals with expertise in chronic pain and/or mindfulness, attended meetings to design a tailored mindfulness programme for people with chronic pain.

Monthly average daily global solar radiation data are essential for the design and study of solar energy systems. The performance and accuracy of eleven models for the estimation of monthly average global solar radiation were compared in this study. Nineteen months (Nov 2020 – May 2022) ground measurement data consisting of monthly mean daily sunshine duration, relative humidity, minimum and maximum temperatures, and global solar radiation collected from the Lawra Solar Plant were used. The models were compared using statistical indices. According to the indices, most of the models were in reasonably good agreement with the measured data. Two model equations, however, were found to have the highest accuracy and can thus be used to estimate monthly average global solar radiation in Lawra and other places with similar climatic conditions where radiation data is unavailable.

BACKGROUND: Mortality from emergency left-sided colorectal surgery can be substantial due to acuteness of the presentation and the urgent need to operate in the setting of a limited preparation in a morbid patient. OBJECTIVES: Determine the 30-day postoperative outcomes and identify risk factors for complications and mortality following emergency colorectal operations. DESIGN: Retrospective SETTINGS: Three tertiary hospitals in three countries. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Factors that were studied included age, sex, ASA score, type and extent of the operation, and presence/absence of malignancy. Unadjusted 30-day patient outcomes examined were complications and mortality. Differences in proportions were assessed using the Pearson chi-square test while logistic regression analyses were carried out to evaluate the correlation between risk factors and outcomes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: 30-day postoperative morbidity and mortality SAMPLE SIZE: 104 patients. RESULTS: Among 104 patients, 70 (67.3%) were men, and 34 (32.7%) were women. The mean (SD) age was 57.2 (17.1) years. The most common indication for emergency colonic surgery was malignant obstruction in 33 (31.7%) patients. The postoperative complication rate was 24% (25/104), and the mortality rate was 12.5% (13/104) within 30 days of the operation. The ASA status ( P =.02), presence of malignancy ( P =.02), and the presence of complications ( P =.004) were significantly related to mortality in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The 30-day mortality of emergency colorectal operations is greatly influenced by the presence of malignancy in the colon and physiological status at the time of the procedure. LIMITATIONS: The retrospective design and small sample size. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.

The research entitled Study of the Value of Hindu Religious Education in the Mendem Ari-Ari Ceremony in Trunyan Village is a qualitative descriptive study. The purpose of this research is to find out; Facilities for Mendem Ari-ari Ceremony in Trunyan Village, Procedures for Mendem Ari-ari Ceremony in Trunyan Village, and Hindu Educational Values ​​in Mendem Ari Ari Ceremony in Trunyan Village. As a type of qualitative descriptive research, this research promises an in-depth analysis of the research subject in the form of qualitative data analysis with the stages of data collection, data reduction, and data analysis. The results of this study are various means, the stages of the Mendem Ari Ari ceremony in Trunyan Village contain Hindu educational values ​​which include four things namely; Value of Philosophy Education (Tatwa), Value of Ethics Education (Susila), Value of Ritual Education (Ceremony) and Value of Aesthetic Education (Beauty).

In this study, simple and multiple regression models were developed to estimate the monthly average daily global solar radiation in Lawra, Ghana using ground measurement of global horizontal irradiance (Nov 2020–May 2022) and typical meteorological year (TMY) data (Jan 2017–Dec 2019). Various predictor variables such as sunshine ratio, minimum relative humidity and maximum relative humidity ratio, minimum and maximum temperature ratio, etc. were correlated from the TMY data. Many model equations were developed with the variables ranging from one to eight. The best model from each category was chosen and compared using statistical indices to determine the overall best model. We used the JMP statistical software’s ‘All Possible Models’ functionality to select the best model from each category. The selected models where then compared using the adjusted R-squared, mean absolute percentage error, and the root mean square error statistical indices. The best model equation correlated with eight independent variables with adjusted R-squared of 0.99. The equation can be used to estimate monthly global solar radiation in Lawra and in locations with similar climatic conditions where ground measurement of radiation data is unavailable but have access to the National Solar Radiation Database’s (NSRDB) TMY data.

The study examined the effect of microfinance on poverty alleviation in Sunyani Municipal using Advans Savings and Loans Limited. The study employed descriptive survey of the quantitative approach. Convenience sampling was used to select 243 respondents to form part of the study. Questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument to solicit for data from the market operators. The data gathered from the respondents were analyzed descriptively using frequencies, percentages and means as well as paired sample t-test with the aid of Statistical Package for Service Solution software version 21.0. The study found that household’s income, agribusiness, productivity and paying of utility bills have been improved after the introduction of microfinance service. Households’ daily savings, frequent of savings, and amount of savings have been improved subsequently after accessing microfinance products. There has been an improvement in the acquisition of assets after households started to patronize microfinance services. Respondents’ livelihoods have been influenced positively. There has been an appreciable improvement in financial, human and physical assets but little influence on natural and social assets. Therefore, the study recommended that microfinance should develop and improve upon packages and products for households in order to improve upon their income levels as well as acquisition of basic household assets. Moreover, households should be sensitized and educated on the essence of investing in social assets as well as social assets in the society.

We evaluated the impacts of agricultural activities on the cultivated soils around Lake Toho as well as the waters from the streams through phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium pollution of the soils and waters from the streams heading towards Lake. In the soil, pHwater and pHKCl organic matter, moisture total phosphorus and its fractionation were determined. The various supernatants obtained are analyzed using a 1600PC UV spectrophotometer as well as the waters for the determination of ammonium, nitrite, nitrates and phosphate. In soils, the determination of ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and potassium was carried out by DR 5000 MP-AES spectrometry method. Soils around this lake are weakly acidic with an average water pH of 6.91. The humidity increases from surface to depth (8% to 28%), while organic matter (11% on average) and organic carbon decrease from surface to depth. These soils are rich in phosphorus with an overall average concentration of 10.10 mg/g. The fractionation made it possibe to extract the following forms of phosphorus in soil in the order: P-residual > P-org&Al > P-Ca > P-Fe > P-Labile. The physicochemical analysis of the waters show that these waters are moderately loaded and present an increased risk of eutrophication with multifaceted consequences. In soils, nitrate is the dominant form of nitrogen. Cultivated soils provide an abundant source of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients to Lake Toho via its recharge sources.

In recent years, land use related to anthropogenic activities has contributed to high surface water contamination. During the last decade, Lake Toho, in the Republic of Benin, has suffered anthropogenic pollution by the use of fertilizers from farmers around the lake. We assessed the mobility and bioavailability of phosphorus in cultivated soils around the lake to detect the extent of the contamination. The results showed that the cultivated soils around Lake Toho are weakly acidic or even basic with water pHs between 6.25 and 8.3. The humidity of cultivated soils varies from 1% to 38% on different horizons. The content of organic matter is ranged from 40.30% to 49.70%. The total phosphorus concentration ranged from 1049.74 μg.g-1 to 28436.52 μg.g-1 with a high rate of enrichment at the 30 cm horizon. The high contents of total phosphorus recorded at the superficial horizon were due to the use of fertilizers to amend the soil. All forms of phosphorus are represented (P-L, P-Fe, P-Ca, P-Al, and P-OM). The organic fraction predominates on the upper layer of the soil except for sites located outside crop fields. The strong correlation between the Total phosphorus (TP), the (Pr), mobile phosphorus (P-L), and the to organic matter-bound Phosphorus (P-OM) showed that the high phosphorus contents at the upper horizon of the soil were due not only to the anthropogenic contribution but also to the source rock. The remarkable presence of phosphorus in the P-L and P-MO fractions poses a risk of phosphorus transport to the lake. This can lead to eutrophication which can cause the death of fish and harmful toxins development.

Neutral buffered formalin (NBF) is the most common fixative in clinical applications. However, NBF damages proteins and nucleic acids, limiting the quality of proteomic and nucleic acid-based assays. Prior studies have demonstrated that BE70, a fixative of buffered 70% ethanol, has many benefits over NBF but the degradation of proteins and nucleic acids in archival paraffin blocks remain a challenge. Thus, we evaluated the addition of guanidinium salts to BE70 with the hypothesis that this may protect RNA and protein. Guanidinium salt supplemented BE70 (BE70G)-fixed tissue is comparable with that of BE70 via histology and immunohistochemistry. Western blot analysis also revealed that HSP70, AKT, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) expression signals in BE70G-fixed tissue were higher than those in BE70-fixed tissue. The quality of nucleic acids extracted from BE70G-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue was also superior, and BE70G provides improved protein and RNA quality at shorter fixation times than its predecessors. The degradation of proteins, AKT and GAPDH, in archival tissue blocks is also decreased with the addition of guanidinium salt to BE70. In conclusion, BE70G fixative improves the quality of molecular analysis with more rapid fixation of tissue and enhanced long-term storage of paraffin blocks at room temperature for evaluation of protein epitopes

This research aims to examine the concept of plant conservation based on local wisdom in Old Javanese literature. The issue of nature conservation, including plant conservation, has so far been dominated by a scientific approach and tends to deny cultural or literary approaches. The data of this research is sourced from Old Javanese literary texts. Data were collected using reading methods, both heuristic and hermeneutic, and data were analyzed using descriptive analytic methods based on semiotic theory. The results of the study show that Old Javanese literature has the concept of nature conservation in the form of efforts to protect nature (bhuwanaraksana) and maintain the purity and sanctity of nature, including plants (úudhabhumi). Conservation of plants in Old Javanese literature is oriented towards world welfare (jagadhita). The harmonious relationship between man and God, man and man, and man and nature are the three sources of prosperity (trihitakarana). Conservation of plants according to Old Javanese literary texts puts forward the treatment of plants as creatures created by God and humans have a very close relationship, even in meeting the needs of human life, it is very dependent on plants. Therefore, the conservation of plants must be done by humans for the welfare of the world.

Aims: Ageratum conyzoides L. is a small annual herbaceous highly odorous plant use in traditional medicine. The aim of this study is to evaluate in vitro antioxidant potential, toxicity and antimicrobial activity of aerial part extracts of A. conyzoides on strains potentially involved in vaginal infections. Methodology: An ethnobotanical survey has been carried out on A. conyzoides among ethnobotanists and traditional therapists in fifteen markets in the communes of Abomey- Calavi, Cotonou, Zogbodomey, Bohicon and Abomey in Southern Benin. The phytochemical screening was a qualitative analysis based on staining and precipitation reactions. Antimicrobial activity of A. conyzoides aqueous and ethanolic extracts was evaluated on reference and clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Escherichia coli using micro dilutions method in wells from. The toxicity of A. conyzoides extracts was determine using Artemia salina larvae, whereas the antiradical activity was evaluated using the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) method. Results: The survey showed that the population of Southern-Benin uses A. conyzoides according to different modes of preparation. Also, the administration in the treatment of a variety of pathologies affecting the female reproductive system. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanins, triterpenes and C- heterosides. The yield of 6.18% for the aqueous extract and 4.32% for the ethanolic extract as recorded. The highest inhibition diameter (24.05 ± 0.5 mm) was obtained using aqueous extract against the clinical S. aureus strain. In contrast, the lowest inhibition diameter (10±0 mm) was obtained against the S. aureus ATCC29213 with the same extract. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration varied from 2.5 to 5 mg/ml. Both extracts show a bactericidal and fungicidal effect on the different strains studied but the sensitivity of the strains to the aqueous extract is better compared to the ethanolic extract. In addition, the aqueous extracts showed higher antioxidant power compared to the ethanolic extract. No toxicity is revealed for both extracts. Conclusion: The results obtained show that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the aerial part of A. conyzoides have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties on strains involved in vaginal infections and do not present a toxicity.

In order to optimise the corporate HR information system, IoT first-off technology is used, together with the system demand phase, with edge control in mind. initially, the hardware and software system are set up, and only then the communication models between the edge layer of the system and other parties are created edge layer, and the business type-driven connection selection method are considered. To ensure communication reliability across various levels of the system, northbound multilink switching algorithms are created and implemented, accordingly. After implementing the functions described above, the edge control system may be implemented. Ensure IoT applications satisfy intelligence, expandability, and security needs. due diligence and due diligence are required The campaign was aimed primarily at the enterprise, with the goal of defining the functional and performance requirements of the product. Ensuring the fundamental logical structure in the system design phase; in the system architecture design phase, the other features of the system architecture Realization of design is accomplished. a set of system module functions exists planned down to the last detail. Pay and benefits management are only two aspects of the whole management function. Employee personnel change is one of the e system's modules. Payroll, benefits, and personnel administration are referred to as department management. Human resource management is a process system modules go through; as far as system implementation is concerned, system coding occurs. In addition, development tool and software development methodology support the creation of pages. The system has finally been realised the system design goals are set up to mimic the business's real needs, which are then put to the test.

A pyridine dicarboxylate Schiff-base DAS was synthesized for cascade colorimetric recognition of Ni2+ and PPi.

Aims: This work aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Sarcocephalus latifolius extracts. Methodology: Thus, phytochemical screening was qualitatively accessed using colorations or precipitations methods. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts were used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity, using the diffusion method, was evaluated on eight strains including two reference strains (Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) and six clinically isolated S. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined by the microdilution method. Results: The phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, anthocyanins, mucilages, saponosides, C-heterosides and O-heterosides. Antimicrobial activity showed that the ethanolic extract with the lowest MIC (1.25 mg/ml) inhibited reference strains (S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853) and clinical isolated S. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa strains. The largest inhibition diameter (19± 1.33) was obtained with the ethanolic extract against clinical isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa and (15.5± 1) against the reference one. The aqueous extract inhibited only reference strains. Conclusions: The data of this study indicate that the extracts of S. latifolius present antimicrobial properties. This may justify its traditional use in the treatment of microbial infections.

Background: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has shown a crystal-clear warning that nobody will be safe until everybody is safe against the pandemic. However, how everyone is safe when the pandemic’s fat tail risks have broken every nerve of the global economy and healthcare facilities, including vaccine equity. Vaccine inequity has become one of the critical factors for millions of new infections and deaths during this pandemic. Against the backdrop of exponentially growing infected cases of COVID-19 along with vaccine in-equity, this paper will examine how multilateralism could play its role in mitigating vaccine equity through Global Health Diplomacy (GHD). Second, given the most affected developing countries’ lack of participation in multilateralism, could GHD be left as an option in the worst-case scenario?. Methods: In this narrative review, a literature search was conducted in all the popular databases, such as Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and Google search engines for the keywords in the context of developing countries and the findings are discussed in detail. Results: In this multilateral world, the global governance institutions in health have been monopolized by the global North, leading to COVID-19 vaccine inequities. GHD aids health protection and public health and improves international relations. Besides, GHD facilitates a broad range of stakeholders’ commitment to collaborate in improving healthcare, achieving fair outcomes, achieving equity, and reducing poverty. Conclusion: Vaccine inequity is a major challenge of the present scenario, and GHD has been partly successful in being a panacea for many countries in the global south.

Introduction: Coriandrum sativum L (ketumbar seeds) nano extract was prepared using chitosan as a nano extract framework and tripolyphosphate as a stabilizer by ionic gelatin method. This study aimed to reduce free radicals in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemic rats by administering Coriandrum sativum L nano extract as nano herbal. Methods: Characterization of the resulting nano extract was performed using Fourier Transformation Infra-Red (FTIR). The ability of nano extract as antihyperglycemic on streptozotocin-induced rats was tested using the randomized post-test only control group design research by observing the levels of blood glucose, MDA, and SOD as markers of oxidative stress. Results: The phytochemical test showed that Coriandrum sativum L extracts contained polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Characterization with PSA strongly supports nano extract as a delivery system for bioactive substances with a zeta potential of -25.80 mV and a particle size of 455.20 nm. The result of the antihyperglycemic test showed that oral administration at a dose of 50 mg/Kg BW/day gave the best result for decreasing glucose blood and MDA, and increasing SOD level in hyperglycaemic rats. LCMS/MS analysis showed that in ethanol extract of Coriandrum sativum L are suspected to contain the 7 compounds: DL-Valine, indoline, 2-quinolinol, trans-tnrthole, luteolin, apigenin, linoliamide, and luteolinin are compounds known in to be able to lower blood glucose and malondialdehyde. Conclusion: Coriandrum sativum L (ketumbar seeds) nano extract was prepared using chitosan had potential to decrease MDA and blood glucose, and increase SOD level in hyperglycaemic rats.

While it is anticipated that there would be some similarities amongst spectral Vegetation Indices (VIs) because the majority of the indices use the red and NIR bands, it is also expected that there would be some variances. The NDVI, derived earlier by Rouse (1973), and is the commonly used VI, there have meagre understanding of the relationship between the NDVI and another VIs. Similarly, investigations on the correlation between LST and other VIs (other than NDVI) in both dry and raining seasons have not been adequately explored. This motivated the study to determine the seasonal correlation of some spectral VIs against the NDVI and LST over the forest reserve area. The study investigated two categories of VIs: slope-based and distance-based. It derived spectral VIs from Landsat 8 images for dry (January) and raining (August) seasons; and estimated LST from MODIS. The findings showed that the ARVI, GNDVI and TVI not only showed resemblance in appearance with the NDVI in both seasons, but also had a high coefficient of correlation: ARVI = 0.973, 0.964; GNDVI = 0.919, 0.879; TVI = 0.779, 0.716. Based on this finding, the ARVI, GNDVI and TVI can be used to supplant the NDVI for biomass related studies in the study area. The study further revealed that the LST-VIs relationship was negative for both dry and rainy seasons, except for the distance-based VIs (DVI, SAVI, MSAVI) that specifically had a positive correlation with the LST. The LST was strongly correlated with the GNDVI, TVI, NDVI, ARVI (0.664 ? r ? 0.598). However, the strength of the correlation for the LST-VIs in the raining season was very weak (0.003 ? r ? 0.245). The study concluded that the correlation of the LST versus the ARVI, GNDVI, NDVI, and TVI can be used for climate related studies.