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Introduction.Chronic catarrhal gingivitis remains a prevalent dental condition in children, which may subsequently lead to the development of periodontitis and tooth loss. The issue of selecting appropriate medications for the comprehensive treatment and prevention of inflammatory periodontal diseases in children with chronic gastroduodenitis remains relevant. Objective.To study the effectiveness of the proposed treatment and prevention complex for chronic catarrhal gingivitis in children with gastroduodenitis. Materials and Methods.Three groups of children were formed for the study: the first group comprised 10 somatically healthy children without signs of periodontal tissue inflammation, the second group included 20 somatically healthy children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis, and the third, main group, consisted of 20 children diagnosed with chronic gastroduodenitis and chronic catarrhal gingivitis. Results.Before treatment, all children were instructed in oral hygiene and underwent controlled tooth cleaning. Children in the third group were prescribed the treatment and prevention complex developed by our research team. The complex included brushing teeth twice a day after meals with Splat "Medicinal Herbs" toothpaste, mouth rinsing with Decasan solution, application of Cholisal on the gums, and Euro-Biotic Germina – 1 capsule twice a day after meals. Treatment of children in the second group was conducted according to protocols for 14 days. The dynamic observation was conducted before treatment and after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months by assessing Silness-Loe and Fedorova-Volodkina indices, PMA (papillary-marginal-alveolar), and PBI (papilla bleeding index) bleeding. Following the course of treatment and prevention complexes, children in the second and third groups exhibited improved oral cavity hygiene and periodontal indices; PBI (papilla bleeding index) and PMA (papillary-marginal-alveolar). Conclusion. The results of the study demonstrate that the treatment and prevention complex has a consistently positive impact on oral hygiene and the degree of periodontal inflammation, and after a year, the indicators remain better than the initial ones. We recommend prescribing the treatment and prevention complex developed by our research team for children with chronic gastroduodenitis once every six months.

Community-based primary care settings play an important role in the provision of health care to vulnerable populations, as well as in primary care education. Much attention has been given to medical education in community-based primary care and as the need for workforce development grows for behavioral health in primary care, clinical supervision of prelicensure psychology learners in primary care will also need greater attention. Clinical supervision not only impacts learner professional development but also impacts the patient care learners provide. The purpose of this article is to give attention to clinical supervision within the primary care behavioral health (PCBH) model in the context of community-based primary care. The intersection of supervision approaches in specialty mental health care and medical education will be presented, as well as how these approaches can be combined when working with learners within PCBH. Additionally, challenges to clinical supervision in primary care will be discussed as well as solutions to improve not only workforce development in PCBH but also professional development for clinical supervisors in primary care. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

OBJECTIVE Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are part of the transforming growth factor–beta superfamily and are involved in bone formation and repair. In spine surgery, recombinant human BMP (rhBMP) is used as an alternative to autografts for spinal fusions. This study aimed to evaluate bibliometric parameters and citations of the literature on BMPs to provide an overview of how the field has evolved. METHODS A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted using Elsevier’s Scopus database to capture all the published and indexed studies relevant to BMPs from 1955 to the present. A discrete set of validated bibliometric parameters was extracted and analyzed. All statistical analyses were performed using R 4.1.1. RESULTS The 100 most cited articles were published between 1994 and 2018 by 472 unique authors in 40 sources (e.g., journals and books). On average, there were 279 citations per publication and 17.69 citations per publication per year. The United States had the publications with the most citations (n = 23,761), followed by Hong Kong (n = 580) and the United Kingdom (n = 490). The three institutions in the United States with the greatest number of publications in the field were Emory University (n = 14), Hughston Clinic (n = 9), Hospital for Special Surgery (n = 6), and University of California (n = 6). CONCLUSIONS The authors evaluated and characterized the 100 most cited articles about BMP. Most of the publications were clinical in nature and focused on BMP’s application in spine surgery. While early scientific efforts focused on basic science research to advance the understanding of BMP’s mechanism of action in promoting bone formation, the majority of the more recent publications are clinically focused. It will be beneficial to conduct more controlled clinical trials to compare the outcomes of BMP use with other methods.

Stellar occultation observations from space can probe the stratosphere and mesosphere at a fine vertical scale around the globe. Unlike other measurement techniques like radiosondes and aircraft, stellar occultation has the potential to observe the atmosphere above 30 km, and unlike radio occultation, stellar occultation probes fine-scale phenomena with potential to observe atmospheric turbulence. We imaged the refractive bending angle of a star centroid for a series of occultations by the atmosphere. Atmospheric refractivity, density, and then temperature are retrieved from the bending observations with the Abel transformation and Edlén's law, the hydrostatic equation, and the ideal gas law. The retrieval technique is applied to data collected by two nanosatellites operated by Terran Orbital. Measurements were primarily taken by the GEOStare SV2 mission, with a dedicated imaging telescope, supplemented with images captured by spacecraft bus sensors, namely the star trackers on other Terran Orbital missions. The bending angle noise floor is 10 and 30 arcsec for the star tracker and GEOStare SV2 data, respectively. The most significant sources of uncertainty are due to centroiding errors due to the fairly low-resolution stellar images and telescope pointing knowledge derived from noisy satellite attitude sensors. The former mainly affects the star tracker data, while the latter limits the GEOStare SV2 accuracy, with both providing low vertical resolution. This translates to a temperature profile retrieval up to roughly 20 km for both star tracker and GEOStare SV2 datasets. In preparation of an upcoming 2023 mission designed to correct these deficiencies, SOHIP, we simulated bending angle measurements with varying magnitudes of error. The expected maximum altitude of retrieved temperature is 41 km on average for these simulated measurements with a noise floor of 0.39 arcsec. Our work highlights the capabilities of stellar occultation observations from nanosatellites for atmospheric sounding. Future work will investigate high-frequency observations of atmospheric gravity waves and turbulence, mitigating the major uncertainties observed in these datasets.

The NCCN Guidelines for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) provide recommendations for management of disease in patients with NSCLC. These NCCN Guidelines Insights focus on neoadjuvant and adjuvant (also known as perioperative) systemic therapy options for eligible patients with resectable NSCLC.

Introduction: The prevalence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the criminal justice system (CJS) is well known. Furthermore, the impact of TBI on communication has been well documented; however, no study has explored the communication challenges of those with TBI in the CJS or considered their implications within CJS contexts. Moreover, no study has examined the possible differences in communication between those with TBI and CJS history and those with TBI but no CJS history. Purpose: This cross-sectional pilot study provides a preliminary exploration of the cognitive-communication challenges in a sample of adults with histories of TBI and CJS involvement compared with a sample of adults with histories of TBI but no CJS involvement. Method: Eight individuals with histories of TBI and CJS involvement were recruited through community agencies. The La Trobe Communication Questionnaire (LCQ) was administered to collect self-reported data on perceived cognitive-communication abilities, including social communication behaviors. Findings were examined and then compared with a previously studied sample of 160 individuals with TBI. Logistic regressions were calculated to determine whether response scores on the LCQ would be predictive of group membership (i.e., TBI + CJS or TBI only). Results: A range of cognitive-communication challenges were reported by both groups. A logistic regression analysis demonstrated a reasonable inference that LCQ responses may predict group membership and support the potential for statistically significant and meaningful results to justify future studies. Conclusions: These challenges have the potential to negatively impact the success of communication interactions within the CJS and illustrate a need for speech-language pathology services for individuals with TBI in the CJS. The nature and magnitude of between-group differences merits further investigation with larger samples to explore whether any specific cognitive-communication challenge is unique to, or predictive of, CJS involvement for purposes of targeted assessment and intervention.

The trends of global temperature increase in the world due to excessive burning of fossil hydrocarbons are given. Excessive extraction and burning of fossil fuels (hard coal, petroleum products, natural gas) have led to an increase in their cost and climate change. About 40% of CO2 emissions today come from burning coal, 33% from oil refining products, and 22% from natural gas. An increase in CO2 content in the atmosphere leads to a drop in the Earth's surface temperature. At the global level, the world community has adopted three main international agreements on climate change: the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992); Kyoto Protocol (1997); Paris Agreement (2015). More than 190 countries have signed the Paris Agreement. Its main goals are to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 and to keep the increase in the global average temperature below 2°C by 2100, preferably to 1.5°C. The construction industry is responsible for consumption of up to 40% of all energy. which are used in economies countries of the world In the summarized reports of experts at the 27th UN Conference on Climate Change (COP27), which took place in 2022 year in Egypt (Sharm el-Sheikh) it was stated that in 2022 1% more CO2 will be released into the atmosphere than in in 2021. The main volumes of greenhouse gas emissions come from the burning of fossil fuels. Brought comparative analysis of CO2 emissions when burning different types of fuel. The dynamics of the production of fossil fuels - hard coal, oil and natural gas - is studied, which indicates a significant decrease in their production and consumption. Modern approaches to the growth of RES volumes are considered, the dynamics of the growth of SPP capacities are given. On the basis of European experience, the prospects for the installation of balcony mini SPPs are shown. Individual heating systems and decentralization of engineering systems for providing housing help to increase their stability in adverse conditions. The organizational features of the transfer of the housing stock from a centralized heating system to individual electric and gas heating are revealed. Based on the analysis of the European experience of maintaining the housing stock, the main directions for reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of the existing housing stock are given.

Women who contract a viral or bacterial infection during pregnancy have an increased risk of giving birth to a child with a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder. The effects of maternal infection are likely mediated by the maternal immune response, as preclinical animal models have confirmed that maternal immune activation (MIA) leads to long lasting changes in offspring brain and behavior development. The present study sought to determine the impact of MIA-exposure during the first or second trimester on neuronal morphology in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and hippocampus from brain tissue obtained from MIA-exposed and control male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) during late adolescence. MIA-exposed offspring display increased neuronal dendritic branching in pyramidal cells in DLPFC infra- and supragranular layers relative to controls, with no significant differences observed between offspring exposed to maternal infection in the first and second trimester. In addition, the diameter of apical dendrites in DLPFC infragranular layer is significantly decreased in MIA-exposed offspring relative to controls, irrespective of trimester exposure. In contrast, alterations in hippocampal neuronal morphology of MIA-exposed offspring were not evident. These findings demonstrate that a maternal immune challenge during pregnancy has long-term consequences for primate offspring dendritic structure, selectively in a brain region vital for socioemotional and cognitive development.

Background: The development of policies that promote and enable physical activity (PA) is a global health priority. Laws are an important policy instrument that can enable enduring beneficial outcomes for individuals, organizations, and environments through multiple mechanisms. This article presents a systematic process for mapping laws relevant to PA, which can be used to understand the role of laws as a powerful PA policy lever. Methods: Building on methods used in public health law research, we developed a protocol for scientific mapping of laws influencing the built environment for PA in Australia. The MonQcle online legal research platform was used for data coding, analysis, and presentation. Results: We describe the 10 key stages of legal mapping that we applied to examine state and territory laws that influence walking and cycling in Australia. Conclusions: Law is a neglected element of policy research for PA. There is a need for accessible legal data to drive the design, investment, and implementation of legal interventions to improve population PA. Legal mapping is a first step toward evaluation of such laws for PA. This paper provides a practical case study and guidance for the 10 stages in legal mapping of laws that influence the built environment for PA.

This article describes the processes of transforming an in-person group-based intervention to promote uptake of PrEP among young woman in South Africa to an online interactive “workshop” during the COVID-19 pandemic. Beginning in person and continuing virtually, we used a step-by-step participatory approach with multiple stakeholder groups to develop nine activities to increase knowledge about, as well as motivation and intention to take PrEP, and to address gender-based barriers to PrEP. Activities were informed by our theoretical framework and formative work with young women ages 18–25. We demonstrate how we developed a gender-enhanced online PrEP workshop that was interactive, group-based, and in accordance with elements of established successful intervention design; why WhatsApp emerged as the most accessible application for the young women in our workshop; and how an intervention with a hybrid approach—alternating between chat box and live sessions—combined with verbal, written, and emoji-based communication enabled interaction among participants.

The large, directional stimuli-response of aligned liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) could enable functional utility in robotics, medicine, consumer goods, and photonics. The alignment of LCEs has historically been realized via mechanical alignment of a two-stage reaction. Recent reports widely utilize chain extension reactions of liquid crystal monomers (LCM) to form LCEs that are subject to either surface-enforced or mechanical alignment. Here, we prepare LCEs that contain intra-mesogenic supramolecular bonds synthesized via direct free-radical chain transfer photopolymerization processible by a distinctive mechanical alignment mechanism. The LCEs were prepared by the polymerization of a benzoic acid monomer (11OBA), which dimerized to form a liquid crystal monomer, with a diacrylate LCM (C6M). The incorporation of the intra-mesogenic hydrogen bonds increases the achievable nematic order from mechanical programming. Accordingly, LCEs prepared with larger 11OBA concentration exhibit higher magnitude thermomechanical strain values when compared to a LCE containing only covalent bonds. These LCEs can be reprogrammed with heat to return the aligned film to the polydomain state. The LCE can then be subsequently programmed to orient in a different direction. The facile preparation of (re)programmable LCEs with supramolecular bonds opens new avenues for the implementation of these materials as shape deployable elements.

This research, examining the site of the HKP Forced-Labor Camp in Vilnius, Lithuania, located and better defined the characteristics and remaining features of the 1944 camp. There were four over-arching objectives for this research. First, to find the entrance into the principal hiding place where Jews interned in the camp took refuge just before the camp’s liquidation by the Nazis and their local collaborators. Next, find the location of the burial trench(es) where Jewish prisoners who were found in hiding were murdered and initially buried. Next, to find the mass-burial site where Jewish survivors reburied the remains from the trench(es). Lastly, to locate any other evidence related to the murder of Jews at the HKP 562 site. Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) found the principal hiding place in the basement of Building 2. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) discovered the two trenches where camp inhabitants who were shot on-site during liquidation were first buried. ERT also found the location of the mass grave that holds the reburied remains from the trenches. Bullet-scarred walls near the burial trenches indicate where the Jews were shot on-site. This research solved one of the thousands of unknowns about the Holocaust, using geoscience to uncover forgotten and hidden history. The materials and methodologies used in this research can be applied in uncovering this history at thousands of other Holocaust and genocide sites worldwide.

Children born preterm are at increased risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There is limited knowledge about whether ASD phenotypes in children born preterm differ from children born at term. The objective of this study was to compare ASD core symptoms and associated characteristics among extremely preterm (EP) and term-born children with ASD. EP participants (n = 59) from the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn Study who met diagnostic criteria for ASD at approximately 10 years of age were matched with term-born participants from the Simons Simplex Collection on age, sex, spoken language level, and nonverbal IQ. Core ASD symptomatology was evaluated with the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). Developmental milestones, anthropometrics, seizure disorder, and psychiatric symptoms were also investigated. The EP group had lower parent-reported symptom scores on ADI-R verbal communication, specifically stereotyped language, and restricted, repetitive behaviors. There were no between-group differences on ADI-R nonverbal communication and ADI-R reciprocal social interaction or with direct observation on the ADOS-2. The EP group was more likely to have delayed speech milestones and lower physical growth parameters. Results from female-only analyses were similar to those from whole-group analyses. In sum, behavioral presentation was similar between EP and IQ- and sex-matched term-born children assessed at age 10 years, with the exception of less severe retrospectively reported stereotyped behaviors, lower physical growth parameters, and increased delays in language milestones among EP-born children with ASD.

Localized Gleason Grade Group 5 (GG5) prostate cancer has a poor prognosis and is associated with a higher risk of treatment failure, metastases, and death. Treatment intensification with the addition of a brachytherapy (BT) boost to external beam radiation (EBRT) maximizes local control, which may translate into improved survival outcomes.A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to compare survival outcomes for Gleason GG5 patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and either EBRT or EBRT + BT. The MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched to identify relevant studies. Survival probabilities for distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), prostate cancer-specific survival (PCSS), and overall survival (OS) were extracted and pooled to create a summary survival curve for each treatment modality, which were then compared at fixed points in time. An additional analysis was performed among studies directly comparing EBRT and EBRT + BT using a random-effects model.Eight retrospective studies were selected for inclusion, representing a total of 1393 EBRT patients and 877 EBRT + BT patients. EBRT + BT was associated with higher DMFS starting at 6 years (86.8 % vs 78.8 %; p = 0.018) and extending out to 10 years (81.8 % vs 66.1 %; p 0.001), with an overall hazard ratio of 0.53 (p = 0.02). There was no difference in PCSS or OS between treatment modalities. Differences in toxicity were not assessed. There was a wide range of heterogeneity between studies.The addition of BT boost is associated with improved long-term DMFS in Gleason GG5 prostate cancer, but its impact on PCSS and OS remains unclear. These results may be confounded by the heterogeneity across study populations with concern for a risk of bias. Therefore, prospective studies are necessary to further elucidate the survival advantage associated with BT boost, which must ultimately be weighed against the toxicity-related implications of this treatment strategy.

Purpose To describe Lifestyle Coach perceptions of dyads (i.e., family members and/or friends) in the National Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP). Design Qualitative evaluation of cross-sectional survey responses. Setting Online. Participants Lifestyle Coaches (n=253) with experience teaching at least one in-person year-long NDPP cohort at a CDC-recognized organization. Measures Survey included items on background and experience with dyadic approach, as well as open-ended items on the benefits and challenges observed when working with dyads in the NDPP. Analysis Lifestyle Coach background and experience were analyzed descriptively in SPSS. Open-ended responses were content coded in ATLAS.ti using qualitative description, and then grouped into categories. Results Most Lifestyle Coaches (n=210; 83.0%) reported experience delivering the NDPP to dyads. Benefits of a dyadic approach included having a partner in lifestyle change, superior outcomes and increased engagement, and positive “ripple effects.” Challenges included difficult relationship dynamics, differences between dyad members, negative “ripple effects,” and logistics. Conclusion Lifestyle Coaches described a number of benefits, as well as some challenges, with a dyadic approach to the NDPP. Given the concordance between close others in lifestyle and other risk factors for type 2 diabetes, utilizing a dyadic approach in the NDPP has the potential to increase engagement, improve outcomes, and extend the reach of the program.

Ecosystems often experience small-scale disturbances through recreational foot and bike traffic. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis predicts that frequent disturbances in grasslands can negatively impact native species and lead to invasion by disturbance-adapted, non-native species. Disturbance studies often examine intentional or unintended larger scale disturbances, but do not commonly focus on common small-scale disturbances such as those caused by trampling along trails. As such, we were interested in how trail disturbance affects the vegetative growth and reproductive output of in situ native (Danthonia californica Bol. and Stipa pulchra Hitchc.) and invasive (Dactylis glomerata L. and Holcus lanatus L.) perennial bunchgrasses commonly found on California coastal prairies. We measured the basal circumference and seed production of plants located on-trail and off-trail on five coastal prairies in Santa Cruz, CA, USA. We hypothesized that native grasses located on-trail would have lower growth and reproductive output and non-native grasses would be unaffected. We found that native and non-native plants had differences in growth and reproductive output on-trail and off-trail. S. pulchra had lower reproductive potential (via culm sterility) with trail disturbance, whereas both native grasses showed evidence of compensatory growth on-trail. Invasive non-native D. glomerata and H. lanatus growth was unaffected by trail disturbance, but H. lanatus had lower reproductive output on-trail. Results suggest that it may be prudent to restore trails with disturbance tolerant species like D. californica and use less tolerant species like S. pulchra further into the central habitat space.

T cell dysfunctionality prevents the clearance of chronic infections and cancer. Furthermore, epigenetic programming in dysfunctional CD8

This study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic school closures on peer victimization in Mexico and Russia. In addition to effects on academic performance and attendance, the lockdowns interfered with usual peer socialization experiences and interactions. We examined the effects on the problem of bullying victimization. Since all measures were originally in English, factorial invariance was established at the outset. Comparisons by country for frequency of victimization, type of victimization, harmfulness of the victimization experiences, location of the victimization, and relationships to the perpetrator, were calculated. Although the countries were similar in many ways, significant differences were detected on several items; one notable difference was the relationship to the perpetrator. In Mexico, the most common bully was siblings, while in Russia, the highest rank was for parents. Significant differences reflected the cultural contexts of each country; these cultural influences are discussed.

The global COVID-19 pandemic of 2020–2021 required significant ritual adjustment in churches worldwide, particularly the larger ones. It has also provoked theological reflection on the origins on the virus, as well as on what God’s Word had to say in response. This article investigates the adjustments and reflections at one Indian megachurch, Bangalore’s Full Gospel Assembly of God (FGAG), with special reference to its utilization of a victory-oriented and defiant gospel of divine care, protection, and health. The question that animates this investigation is: Can a gospel of victory and health survive a global pandemic? The answer, somewhat counterintuitively (but in another sense – for those familiar with prosperity theology – not at all) is that it not only survives, but thrives. The article attempts to account for this thriving with reference to two distinctive characteristics of the soft version of the prosperity gospel that are manifest in FGAG’s victory gospel, both of which are inculcated through ritual repetition and performance: 1) Its paradoxically simultaneous insistence that the faithful are, by God, already victorious, and that miraculous reversals await those who aren’t, and 2) its boldly defiant response to evidence that all is not well..

Among all hydrocarbons, the methane molecule contains the highest amount of hydrogen with respect to carbon. Therefore, the catalytic decomposition of methane is considered as an efficient approach to produce hydrogen along with nanostructured carbon product. On the other hand, the presence of hydrogen in the composition of the initial gas mixture is required for the stable operation of the catalyst. In present work, the experiments on the catalytic decomposition of methane–hydrogen mixture were performed in a flow-through quartz reactor equipped with McBain balances under atmospheric pressure. The catalyst NiO-CuO/Al2O3 was prepared by the mechanochemical activation technique. The maximum carbon yield of 34.9 g/gcat was obtained after 2 h of experiment at 610 °C. An excess of hydrogen in the reaction mixture provided the long-term activity of the nickel–copper catalyst. The durability tests ongoing for 6 h within a temperature range of 525–600 °C showed no noticeable deactivation of the catalyst. Two kinetic models, D1a and M1a, were proposed for the studied decomposition of the methane–hydrogen mixture over the nickel–copper catalyst. The kinetic constants for these models were determined by means of mathematical modelling.

This article examines the role popular media have played in disseminating images of mafia fashion. Through the representation of criminal apparel on-screen spectators are encouraged to identify with the societal transgressions of the mafioso, engendering an abiding fascination with mafia style. By looking at Italian and Italian American productions from early silent cinema through contemporary television crime series, menswear becomes a primary means of harnessing spectatorial desire and identification that embraces enduring associations that link southern Italian identity with criminality and style. In the analysis of these texts it becomes apparent how costuming communicates a series of semiotic properties that reflect the complex interplay of masculine identities in an environment based on violence, power and appearance.