1. Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and biomarker evaluation of transforming growth factor-β receptor I kinase inhibitor, galunisertib, in phase 1 study in patients with advanced cancer
- Author
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Rodón, Jordi, Carducci, Michael, Sepulveda-Sánchez, Juan M., Azaro, Analía, Calvo, Emiliano, Seoane Suárez, Joan, Braña, Irene, Sicart, Elisabet, Gueorguieva, Ivelina, Cleverly, Ann, Pillay, N. Sokalingum, Desaiah, Durisala, Estrem, Shawn T., Paz-Ares, Luis, Holdhoff, Matthias, Blakeley, Jaishri, Lahn, Michael M., Baselga Torres, Josep, and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- Subjects
Male ,Low protein ,Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I ,Smad2 Protein ,Pharmacology ,Lomustine ,Neoplasms ,Phase I Studies ,Drug Interactions ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Glioma ,Middle Aged ,TGF-β inhibitor ,Oncology ,Area Under Curve ,Quinolines ,Biomarker (medicine) ,Anticonvulsants ,Female ,medicine.drug ,Adult ,Maximum Tolerated Dose ,Galunisertib ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ,Drug Administration Schedule ,Pharmacokinetics ,medicine ,Humans ,Aged ,Chemokine CCL22 ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,business.industry ,Tumor Suppressor Proteins ,Proton Pump Inhibitors ,medicine.disease ,Blood Cell Count ,ADAM Proteins ,Pharmacodynamics ,Tumor progression ,Leukocytes, Mononuclear ,Pyrazoles ,First-in-Human Dose ,business ,Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta - Abstract
SummaryPurpose Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling plays a key role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumors, including malignant glioma. Small molecule inhibitors (SMI) blocking TGF-β signaling reverse EMT and arrest tumor progression. Several SMIs were developed, but currently only LY2157299 monohydrate (galunisertib) was advanced to clinical investigation. Design The first-in-human dose study had three parts (Part A, dose escalation, n = 39; Part B, safety combination with lomustine, n = 26; Part C, relative bioavailability study, n = 14). Results A preclinical pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model predicted a therapeutic window up to 300 mg/day and was confirmed in Part A after continuous PK/PD. PK was not affected by co-medications such as enzyme-inducing anti-epileptic drugs or proton pump inhibitors. Changes in pSMAD2 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were associated with exposure indicating target-related pharmacological activity of galunisertib. Twelve (12/79; 15 %) patients with refractory/relapsed malignant glioma had durable stable disease (SD) for 6 or more cycles, partial responses (PR), or complete responses (CR). These patients with clinical benefit had high plasma baseline levels of MDC/CCL22 and low protein expression of pSMAD2 in their tumors. Of the 5 patients with IDH1/2 mutation, 4 patients had a clinical benefit as defined by CR/PR and SD ≥6 cycles. Galunisertib had a favorable toxicity profile and no cardiac adverse events. Conclusion Based on the PK, PD, and biomarker evaluations, the intermittent administration of galunisertib at 300 mg/day is safe for future clinical investigation.
- Published
- 2014