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The intersection of open science and brief interventions

Home health care services among health care professions is not a new concept. Home health care has proven to be more cost effective and is often preferred by patients and families compared to in hospital care or extended stays at skilled nursing facilities. In recent years, advances in technology, have allowed telehealth to become a promising alternative allowing patients to receive safe and effective treatment at home. Initial benefits of telehealth included increasing access to quality healthcare in areas where quality care may not be readily available, such as rural America. Currently, with the coronavirus (COVID-19), telehealth has become a primary mode of healthcare delivery to maintain social distancing protocols when in person care is not immediately required. Additionally, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) allowed private physical therapists to bill for telehealth services under Medicare part B as of March 1, 2020. In this review we focused on the impact of physical therapy management for older adults living at home and receiving telehealth/mHealth within their home.

In recent times, social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and TikTok have become the main outlet for spreading news and information in various fields including politics, health care and education. The deep integration of social media in contemporary society grants us with new ways to interact with one another and exchange information. Despite these benefits, social media can be utilized by various units to spread misinformation and disinformation or ‘Fake News’ to unsuspecting social media users. Within this global misinformation crisis, the emergence of short videos as a way to convey information has revealed a greater issue in the perceptions of fake news and its dissemination. Through a study of past literature, there seems to be a gap in current work which does not examine the effect of a video’s contextual items (e.g., superimposed captions) in influencing user perceptions of the video’s truthfulness/falsity. As such, perceptions and attitudes around fake videos or false news is an area of work needed to be built upon, being a focus of this thesis. To properly examine the influence of context on perceptions of misinformation across social media, an effective investigation process must be carried out. A survey was created using Qualtrics, containing a participant information statement along with demographic questions and participant consent. The selection criteria for this study are as follows: participants must be over 18, and participants must be familiar with social media and use at least one platform on a somewhat regular basis. Participants should also have a stable internet connection which seamlessly supports HD zoom meetings. If the participant has a bad internet connection or noise interfering with the interview, the study will not continue. To select suitable participants for this study, the recruitment platform of Prolific will be utilized. 24 participants will be selected. Participants will be first required to undertake the initial Qualtrics survey in which they will answer relevant demographic questions. They will also be required to provide contact information which will be utilized in conjunction with Prolific to schedule a zoom interview. This interview will take place online via Zoom due to the current restrictions and concerns regarding the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. These interviews will be semi-structured in which participants will be exposed to true and fake videos. For the aims of this study, there will be two sets of interview groups of which participants will be randomly allocated to. Both groups will be exposed to 5 videos relating to COVID-19 or the COVID-19 vaccine, 2 of which will be fake or contain misinformation, with 3 videos being true news. However, Group 1 will be exposed to videos which contain superimposed contextual captions. Group 2 will be shown videos which do not contain the superimposed contextual captions. In this interview, participants will be told the details of the study again in which any questions or concerns can be answered. Following this, participants will be asked questions concerning their misinformation perceptions and attitudes. After a viewing of the videos, participants will be asked questions regarding the video truthfulness and again asked their attitudes/perceptions towards misinformation and fake news on SM. Audio recordings of this interview will be stored for further analysis. The entire initial survey and interview process will take 1 hour per participant. Participants will be paid with a $20 transfer for their time, which is handled by Prolific. After the conduction of the initial questionnaire and interviews, cleaning and pre-processing of the collected data and question answers will take place. We will examine the differences in video truthfulness conclusions and perceptions across the two user groups in order to see a possible impact of contextual captions on attitudes surrounding misinformation

This data set comprises de-identified transcripts of semi structured qualitative interviews conducted as part of the ESRC funded project “Biomodifying technologies and experimental space: organisational and regulatory implications for the translation and valuation of health research”. The project was led by researchers based in the Centre for Health, Law and Emerging Technologies at the University of Oxford in partnership with colleagues at the Universities of Sussex and York. Biomodifying technologies are those which modify living biological tissue in novel and increasingly patient-orientated and customised ways. The case study biomodifying technologies in this project were: ‘gene-editing’ whose goal is to understand and remove disease-related mutations, the creation of induced pluripotent stem cells that can be controlled to create different types of tissue for cell therapy, and the emergence of 3D printing of biological material which aims to create novel structures for bodily repair and renewal. The project addressed the following research questions: 1) How can the experimental space which these technologies currently occupy be characterised? What impact will this have on translational health research and its likely trajectories? 2) What are the challenges and risks posed by these technologies for existing, legal, regulatory and governance regimes? How are development strategies being shaped by these regimes? 3) What is defined as the benefit or value of these technologies? Which groups benefit or are seen to benefit, and how is benefit and value assessed? How does consensus about their value build? The project team utilised a mixed methods approach for UK fieldwork combining documentary analysis of various literatures, including the academic and grey literatures, with qualitative semi-structured interviews with a range of key stakeholders in each of the fields being studied. These include scientists working in academic laboratories, representatives of SMEs, research agencies, regulators, and senior staff in important service organisations.

Additional file 2. Appendix 2 – Data extraction table.

Additional file 3. Appendix 3 – GRADE CERQual evaluation table.

Additional file 1. Appendix 1 – Example search strategy using Medline.

Additional file 4. Appendix 4 Risk of Bias appraisal.

The study of ultrathin magnetic films offers novel magnetic phenomena due to the reduced symmetry of these 2D systems. The magnetic anisotropy differentiates behaviour in ultrathin films from the bulk environment, as additional anisotropies emerge from the ultrathin film thickness and the inherent strain of ultrathin films. In this work, the in-plane magnetic anisotropy of strained ferromagnetic (FM) ultrathin Co(0001) films grown on a W(110) substrate is measured over a range of temperatures (150-320 K). Low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) were used to determine the film structure and thickness. The anisotropy is derived from the quotient of the saturation magnetization and the transverse susceptibility, which are measured using the surface magneto-optic Kerr effect (SMOKE). This work’s second objective is to study the Néel transition in antiferromagnetic (AFM) ultrathin films. The zero net magnetization of AFM materials and the minute sample size of ultrathin films make magnetic measurements impossible with conventional methods. An alternative approach is to study a single AFM ultrathin film that is coupled by the interfacial exchange interaction to a FM ultrathin film. The upper layers of ultrathin Co/W(110) films were oxidized to produce ultrathin CoO/Co/W(110) films, creating an AFM/FM bilayer system. SMOKE measurement of the transverse magnetic susceptibility of the FM Co layer reveal the Néel transition of the AFM layer indirectly through the interfacial exchange interaction. Master of Science (MSc)