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This study evaluated the animal presence in dwellings and the risk for transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 2006. A case-control study was conducted by means of dwelling visits, direct interviews, and image register in the houses. The risk estimates were produced comparing the dwelling condition between two groups: 1) 82 human cases of VL recorded in 2004; and 2) 164 controls (neighbors of the first). The cases presented a higher proportion in the animal presence compared to controls. Using an unconditional logistic regression, it was selected the presence of ducks with an OR of 4.18 (CI 95% - 0.74 to 23.32); rodents with an OR of 1.81 (CI 95% - 0.96 to 3.39); birds with an OR of 1.56 (CI 95% - 0.90 to 2.69), and chicken with an OR of 1.47 (CI 95% - 0.74 to 2.90). The owners of dogs were 2.17 more likely to have VL than those who did not have dogs, and this estimate increased with the number of dogs in the house. For those who had only one dog, the OR was 1.87, while for those who owned two dogs at home, the OR increased to 3.36; when compared to people who did not own those animals.

A model for the dissemination of information on visceral leishmaniasis from schoolchildren to their families was evaluated in two schools in Caeté, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Age ranged from 9 to 17 years in the two schools, one receiving the intervention (with 92 students) and the other serving as the control (96 students). All the students attended a class and received a pamphlet on visceral leishmaniasis. The intervention consisted of a homework assignment in which the student discussed the class content and pamphlet with a family member. Knowledge by family members (n = 100) on visceral leishmaniasis was evaluated with a pre and post-intervention questionnaire applied by a health agent, who also completed a form on hygiene around the household as observed during the home visit. A significant improvement was observed in knowledge and hygiene (e.g., sweeping of leaves, fruit, and branches from the yards) among the families that were exposed to the intervention (p < 0.05). The spread of information on visceral leishmaniasis by schoolchildren can contribute to measures for preventing the disease.