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BACKGROUND Selenium (Se)-enriched glycoproteins have been a research highlight for the role of both Se and glycoproteins in immunoregulation. Arsenic (As) is a toxicant that is potentially toxic to the immune function and consequently to human health. Several reports suggested that Se could reduce the toxicity of heavy metals. Moreover, more and more nutrients in food had been applied to relieve As-induced toxicity. Hence glycoproteins were isolated and purified from Se-enriched Grifola frondosa, and their preliminary characteristics as well as amelioration effect and mechanism on As3+ -induced immune toxicity were evaluated. RESULTS Four factions, namely Se-GPr11 (electrophoresis analysis exhibited one band: 14.32 kDa), Se-GPr22 (two bands: 20.57 and 31.12 kDa), Se-GPr33 (three bands: 15.08, 20.57 and 32.78 kDa) and Se-GPr44 (three bands: 16.73, 32.78 and 42.46 kDa), were obtained from Se-enriched G. frondosa via DEAE-52 and Sephacryl S-400 column. In addition, Se-GPr11 and Se-GPr44 are ideal proteins that contain high amounts of almost all essential amino acids. Thereafter, the RAW264.7 macrophage model was adopted to estimate the effect of Se-GPr11 and Se-GPr44 on As3+ -induced immune toxicity. The results showed that the pre-intervention method was the best consequent and the potential mechanisms were, first, by improving the oxidative stress state (enhancing the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, decreasing the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde); secondly, through nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated upregulation cytokines (interleukin-2 and interferon-γ) secretion induced by As3+ . CONCLUSION The results suggested Se-enriched G. frondosa may be a feasible supplement to improve health level of the As3+ pollution population. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Selenium (Se)-enriched glycoproteins have been a research highlight for the role of both Se and glycoproteins in immunoregulation. Arsenic (As) is a toxicant that is potentially toxic to the immune function and consequently to human health. Several reports suggested that Se could reduce the toxicity of heavy metals. Moreover, more and more nutrients in food had been applied to relieve As-induced toxicity. Hence glycoproteins were isolated and purified from Se-enriched Grifola frondosa, and their preliminary characteristics as well as amelioration effect and mechanism on AsFour factions, namely Se-GPr11 (electrophoresis analysis exhibited one band: 14.32 kDa), Se-GPr22 (two bands: 20.57 and 31.12 kDa), Se-GPr33 (three bands: 15.08, 20.57 and 32.78 kDa) and Se-GPr44 (three bands: 16.73, 32.78 and 42.46 kDa), were obtained from Se-enriched G. frondosa via DEAE-52 and Sephacryl S-400 column. In addition, Se-GPr11 and Se-GPr44 are ideal proteins that contain high amounts of almost all essential amino acids. Thereafter, the RAW264.7 macrophage model was adopted to estimate the effect of Se-GPr11 and Se-GPr44 on AsThe results suggested Se-enriched G. frondosa may be a feasible supplement to improve health level of the As

As a typical persistent organic pollutant, decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) is associated with various health risks, especially on immune system, which is sensitive to environmental pollutants. In addition, there is a problem of multi-index estimation and lack of comprehensive evaluation in immune toxicity study. In this study, the immunotoxicity of BDE-209 was systematically estimated from the aspects of immunopathology, humoral immunity, cellular immunity and non-specific immunity, etc., and integrated biomarker responses (IBR) combined with principal component analysis was applied to comprehensively evaluate the immunotoxicity of BDE-209 and its self-recovery after discontinuation. Results showed that BDE-209 exposure could cause immunotoxicity. This response seems to depend on (1) atrophying immune organs (thymus and spleen), hepatomegaly accompanied by increasing aspartate aminotransferase and oxidative stress;(2) changing humoral (immunoglobulins) and cellular (lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine secretion) immunity indices; (3) altering related expressions of genes, and further leading to imbalance of Th1/Th2 (Th, helper T cell). Integrated biomarker responses (IBR) companied with principal component analysis selected five biomarkers (mRNA expression of GATA-3, malondialdehyde level in thymus, count of white blood cell, serum IgG and lipopolysaccharide-induced splenic lymphocyte proliferation) to clarify the immunotoxicity induced by BDE-209. Furthermore, IBR combined with factorial analysis revealed that the effect of BDE-209 could be dose-dependently reduced after withdrawal of BDE-209. Overall results suggested that BDE-209 has immunotoxicity on adult Balb/c mice, whereas this immunotoxicity could be reduced by the self-regulation of organisms to some extent.

We investigated whether tomatoside A (5α-furostane-3β,22,26-triol-3-[O-β-d-glucopyranosyl (1→2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl (1→4)-β-d-galactopyranoside] 26-O-β-d-glucopyranoside), a tomato seed saponin, may play a role in the regulation of intestinal glucose transport in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Tomatoside A could not penetrate through Caco-2 cell monolayers, as observed in the transport experiments using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The treatment of cells with 10 μM tomatoside A for 3 h resulted in a 46.0% reduction in glucose transport as compared to untreated cells. Western blotting analyses revealed that tomatoside A significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed the expression of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) in Caco-2 cells, while no change in the expression of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 was observed. In glucose transport experiments, the reduced glucose transport by tomatoside A was ameliorated by a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor and a multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) inhibitor. The tomatoside A-induced reduction in glucose transport was restored in cells treated with apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) siRNA or an ASBT antagonist. These findings demonstrated for the first time that the nontransportable tomato seed steroidal saponin, tomatoside A, suppressed GLUT2 expression via PKC signaling pathway during the ASBT-influx/MRP2-efflux process in Caco-2 cells.

It is difficult to qualitatively evaluate the design effects of product appearance. Electroencephalograph (EEG) and eye-tracking data can serve as reflection of the subconscious activities of human beings. The application of advanced neuroscience technology in industrial operation management has become a new research hot spot. This study uses EEG equipment and an eye-tracking device to record a subject’s brain activity and eye-gaze data, and then uses data mining methods to analyze the correlation between the two types of signals. The fuzzy theory is then applied to create a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. The neural attributes are used to quantify the factors affected by product appearance and evaluation indicators. We use women’s shirts as research subjects for a case study. The EEG Emotiv device and Tobii mobile eye-tracking glasses are used to record a subject’s brain activity and eye-gaze data in order to quantify the evaluation factors related to product appearance. This method not only scientifically evaluates the uniqueness of product appearance but also provides an objective reference for improving product appearance design.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is presently used in physiological evaluations for visualisation of targets in organs. In the present study, MALDI-MSI was used as a visualisation technique to investigate the intestinal absorption of polyphenols. Nifedipine/phytic acid-aided MALDI-MSI was performed to visualise theaflavin-3′-O-gallate (TF3′G) and epicatechin-3-O-gallate (ECG) in the rat jejunum for 50-µM, 60-min transport experiments. Non-absorbable TF3′G was successfully visualised at the apical region, whereas absorbable ECG was detected throughout the rat jejunum. MALDI-MSI was also performed to determine the transport routes of the target metabolites. Signals corresponding to TF3′G and ECG in the membranes were diminished following treatment with inhibitors targeting the monocarboxylic acid transporter and organic anion transporting polypeptides. Enhanced visualisation of TF3′G was achieved by inhibiting efflux routes. Our findings demonstrated that the present MALDI-MSI can provide critical spatial informations on intestinal absorption of targets, by which TF3′G and ECG were incorporated into intestinal tissues, followed by efflux back to the apical compartment. In addition, MALDI-MSI analyses suggested that TF3′G was resistant to phase II metabolism during the influx/efflux processes, whereas ECG was susceptible to methylation and sulphation reactions. In conclusion, inhibitor-aided MALDI-MSI could serve as a powerful in situ visualisation technique for verifying intestinal transport routes and investigating the metabolism of penetrants.

Based on the background of the change in the urban&ndash, rural relationship in Guangdong Province, this paper constructs an analysis framework of urban and rural coordination development. Using the data of 19 administrative units above prefecture level in Guangdong Province, this paper studies the space&ndash, time evolution of urban and rural coordination development during 2000&ndash, 2015 through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) and explores the influencing factors and driving forces behind it. It is found that there is club convergence in the urban and rural coordination development in Guangdong Province. This kind of convergence is reflected in the findings that the east bank of the Pearl River estuary is the best area for the urban and rural coordination development where Guangzhou, Dongguan, Shenzhen is the core and the level of urban and rural coordination development in the east, west and north of Guangdong Province is relatively low, which also reflects a geographical polarization feature. Based on the analysis of the factors that promote the urban and rural coordination development in the main years of 2000&ndash, 2015, it can be concluded that location, economic development and urbanization level are the most important driving forces, followed by industrial structure. This research can be used as a decision-making reference for urban and rural coordination development and new countryside construction in China in the New Era.

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is an excellent deep learning algorithm. It can not only extract image features accurately, but also can reduce the complexity of the model. This paper combines the advanced technology of cognitive neurology, where we uses EEG equipment to read the real brain activity data when people make evaluation and at the same time we uses the eye-tracking equipment to collect the subject’s gaze point and gaze path, and then generates gaze hotspot map with gaze time. The CNN model is trained by the samples obtained by expert system scoring. Thanks to the advantages of CNN in image processing. AlexNet model with 8-layer network structure is used to extract the features of Brain Electrical Activity Mapping (BEAM) and gaze hot spot image, and then the Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to classify and predict different degrees. Ultimately the product design features evaluation is achieved.

In order to improve the accuracy of spatial straightness assessment, a mathematical model of spatial straightness is established. The objective function is solved by using a variable step length beetle search algorithm. It mainly includes the steps of the search and step length of the beetle. The precision of the original search algorithm is not high, and it is easy to fall into the local optimal problem. The variable step length method is designed to enhance the diversity of the algorithm and improve the calculation precision. Finally, the solution is solved and the calculation results are obtained according to the termination criterion. Compared with the results of other methods, this optimization result verifies the feasibility and superiority of this algorithm.

In the context of industry 4.0, personalized customization of products will be an important part of intelligent manufacturing. In a market competition, improving customer satisfaction is important to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises. Acquired demand information scientifically is significant to improve customer satisfaction. In this paper, we choose Tobii eye-tracking glasses as a research tool, the key chain and the customizable pictures as research objects. We selected 30 college students as subjects to repeat the experiment. The experiment collect the eye-tracking data of the subjects in and extract the fixation time of the subjects as a reference feature. We combine the relevant knowledge of statistical analysis to study the possibility of the rapid extraction of customer demand information by the eye tracking technology.

In order to improve the output precision of depth neural networks, an improved teaching and learning optimization algorithm is proposed to optimize the weights and thresholds of depth neural networks. The algorithm is improved according to the teaching and learning phases of the basic teaching and learning algorithms. The performance of the algorithm is tested by electro-discharge machining (EDM) experiments. The results show that the algorithm has the advantages of fast convergence and high solution accuracy.

Selenium enriched soybean was cultivated in experimental fields for 4 months in which the manure-based growth medium contained different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mg/kg) of sodium selenite. Total selenium in the soybean increased across the different concentrations of selenium used, reaching a concentration of 1118.0 μg/kg at the maximum concentration of selenium used. The concentration of Se-protein in the soybean was 447.2 μg/kg. The speciation of selenium in the soluble fraction of the soybean protein was determined by enzymatic hydrolysis, followed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI–MS/MS), performed under optimized parameters. Se-methyselenocysteine (Se-MeSeCys) and selenomethionine (Se-Met) were monitored by selecting the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The results showed that inorganic selenium was absorbed by the soybean and biotransformed mainly into Se-MeSeCys. Se-MeSeCys represented 66.4% of the selenium in Se-protein, and 29.2% of the total selenium in the soybean. The result showed that HPLC–ESI–MS/MS was a sensitive and accurate method for the identification and quantification for the speciation of selenium in soybean.

In order to reduce subgrade permanent deformation, it is significantly important to keep the subgrade behaving elastically. However, the subgrade workaround depth in the national design specifications of China is 0.8m for different pavement structures under various loading conditions. In fact, the minimum value of the workaround depth is dependent on pavement structures and loading conditions. Under this background, this research herein presents a FLAC3D-based model for quantitative analysis on subgrade workaround depths. In terms of the geometrical model, both the subgrade and pavement are simulated with layered structures: the subgrade model consists of two layers which are the roadbed soils and original ground soils, while the pavement consists of 3~6 layers according to the pavement types. In terms of mechanical models, subgrade is simulated with Mohr-coulomb model where Young’s Modulus, Poisson ratio, angle of internal friction, cohesion coefficient are various based on the layer material properties and pavement layers are simulated with the linear elastic model where Young’s Modulus and Poisson ratio are various based on the layer material properties. In terms of loading conditions, the various static vehicular and gravity loads are applied with the axle types considered. The FLAC3D simulation outputs are the stresses underlying pavement structures during the loading history. The calculated stresses are compared at different locations to determine the subgrade workaround depth. Through this research, recommendations are provided for determining the subgrade workaround depths for different pavement types.

This study examined the distribution of selenium in proteins from selenium-enriched Cordyceps militaris extract using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled to on-line ICP-MS specific for selenium detection. An analytical method was developed for detecting the presence of selenocysteine, selenomethionine and selenopeptides. The results showed that soluble selenium was the major form of selenium in selenium-enriched C. militaris extract. About 84.4% of the selenium was present as low-molecular-weight molecules (MW < 4 kDa), whereas 7.13% of the selenium was present in the form of high-molecular-weight molecules, probably as selenoproteins. Furthermore, analysis of acid-hydrolyzed C. militaris extract revealed a higher proportion of Se-Cys2 than Se-Met (two main selenium-conjugated amino acids) in the extract, although various forms of smaller selenium-proteins or selenium-peptides were also present in low but detectable amounts. The present analysis of selenium thus combined different chromatographic techniques for efficient and rapid separation of selenoproteins and other seleno-conjugated molecules.

Pure gases adsorption of carbon dioxide and methane on two different activated carbons were measured by gravimetric method. Based on the single component gas adsorption isotherms, adsorption of mixtures of carbon dioxide and methane was predicted by fast ISA algorithm. Results can be referred to separate and capture carbon dioxide.

The present study is about the natural gas adsorption storage in activated carbon adsorbents. Experiments on heat transfer in a natural gas adsorption bed without and with cooling were carried out during an adsorption process. Results of experimentation showed that both the change rate and the maximum of temperature in the adsorption bed decreased with lower charge rate of natural gas. It was also found that a cooling tube with fins fixed in the adsorption obviously lower the maximum temperature about 20 K, but do not improve the change rate of temperature at the initial stage of charge. The flow rate of cooling water had no effect on the temperature in the adsorption bed. These experimental data supplied reference to enhancing of heat and mass transfer and controlling the temperature of the adsorption bed.

The accelerating process of economic globalization and upgrading of port and city have formed an interactive development system. The development of port is a prerequisite for the rapid development of city economy. However port-related activities will consume a lot of resources and have negative impact on the environment. This paper establishes a system dynamics model of the interaction between port and city based on the green concept in order to describe the relations between port and city systematically taking into account the economic promotion, resource consumption and environmental pollution. This model is applied to the port and city system of Shanghai to analyze the interactive relation of economy, resource and environment quantitatively. On this basis, the interactive development situations are simulated after considering the measures of restructuring industry, increasing investment on port, saving energy and reducing emission respectively. Finally, the results show that this system dynamics model can reflect the interactive relations between port and city objectively and provide quantitative decision support for sustainable development.

According to the fault diagnosis method based on a mathematical model of the control system, a fault diagnosis method is proposed for hydraulic actuator based on least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM). This new fault diagnosis approach leads to solving a linear set of equations instead of solving a quadratic programming problem. The LS-SVM formulation also involves less tuning parameters. By using the measurable parameters, the fault diagnosis model of LS-SVM for hydraulic actuator are established. The simulation results show that this method can effectively detect every fault of servo valve, displacement sensor and servo amplifier.