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Maternal viral infection and immune response are known to increase the risk of altered development of the foetal brain. Given the ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), investigating the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on foetal brain health is of critical importance. Here, we report the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in first and second trimester foetal brain tissue in association with cortical haemorrhages. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was sparsely detected within progenitors and neurons of the cortex itself, but was abundant in the choroid plexus of haemorrhagic samples. SARS-CoV-2 was also sparsely detected in placenta, amnion and umbilical cord tissues. Cortical haemorrhages were linked to a reduction in blood vessel integrity and an increase in immune cell infiltration into the foetal brain. Our findings indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection may affect the foetal brain during early gestation and highlight the need for further study of its impact on subsequent neurological development.

O feijão comum é de grande importância na alimentação mundial, porém diversos fatores, como o mofo branco limitam a produção da cultura. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a identificação de fontes de resistência ao mofo branco entre diferentes linhagens feijão comum de origem andina e mesoamericana. Para isso, foram fenotipados 109 genótipos de feijão comum quanto a resistência ao mofo branco. O experimento foi realizado na Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - Campus Cáceres. Os 109 genótipos foram semeados em casa de vegetação e as inoculações foram conduzidas em laboratório, no delineamento em blocos casualizados (DBC) com 109 tratamentos e seis repetições. A inoculação foi realizada seguindo o teste de canuto em plântulas, com o isolado UFV-Ss493. Foram analisadas duas variáveis, nota ao sétimo dia e a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD). As diferenças entre as médias dos genótipos para as características avaliadas foram significativas (p≤0,05). Os genótipos BGF 11, BGF 13 e BGF 165 se destacaram como resistente, pois apresentaram menores valores genotípicos.

We show flat-optics photon harvesting in large-area polymeric/MoS2 nanogrooved templates. The strong optical confinement into the ultra-thin MoS2 boosts the photobleaching of polluting dyes, paving the way for realistic photoconversion applications.

Among the relevant aspects of the family resemblance approach (FRA), our study focuses on the potential of the approach to elaborate on disciplinary identities in an interdisciplinary context, specifically regarding the interplay between physics and mathematics. We present and discuss how the FRA wheel can be used and intertwined with the framework of boundary objects and boundary crossing mechanisms (Akkerman & Bakker, Review of Educational Research, 81, 132–169, 2011), which is well-known in STEM education for dealing with interdisciplinarity. The role of the FRA discussed in the article is dual: both practical and theoretical. It is practical in that we show how its use, in combination with the Akkerman and Bakker framework, appears effective in fostering productive discussions among prospective teachers on disciplinary identities and interdisciplinarity in historical cases. It is theoretical in that the combination of the two frameworks provides the vocabulary to characterise the ‘ambiguous nature’ of interdisciplinarity: like boundaries, interdisciplinarity both separates disciplines, making their identities emerge, and connects them, fostering mechanisms of crossing and transgressing the boundaries. This empirical study reveals how the theoretical elaboration took advantage of the prospective teachers’ contributions. We initially presented the FRA to characterise disciplinary identities, but the prospective teachers highlighted its potential to characterise also the boundary zone and the dialogue between physics and mathematics. The data analysis showed that the combinination of the two frameworks shaped a complex learning space where there was room for very different epistemic demands of the prospective teachers: from those who feel better within the identity cores of the disciplines, to those who like to inhabit the boundary zone and others who like to re-shape boundary spaces and move dynamically across them.

We study the problem of aggregating private information in elections with two or more alternatives for a large family of scoring rules. We introduce a feasibility condition, the linear refinement condition, that characterizes when information can be aggregated asymptotically as the electorate grows large: there must exist a utility function, linear in distributions over signals, sharing the same top alternative as the primitive utility function. Our results complement the existing work where strong assumptions are imposed on the environment, and caution against potential false positives when too much structure is imposed.

Layer-by-layer fabrication of CsPbX3 (where X = Cl, Br or I) nanocrystal films enabled by solid-state ligand exchange.

In the past decade China's engagement with UN peacekeeping has intensified. In particular, Beijing has supported and participated in peace operations that were not fully compatible with the consensual, impartial, and non-coercive models of peacekeeping traditionally employed by the United Nations. China's endorsement of offensive and intrusive missions is not inconsequential, given that it clashes with its professed adherence to rigid interpretations of the principles of sovereignty, non-intervention, and the non-use of force in international relations. This article suggests that to make sense of China's involvement in unconventional peacekeeping operations one must examine the broader process of foreign policy recalibration that is redefining the interests and priorities of the country as a new great power. Furthermore, by examining China's ambivalent approach to the principles that have traditionally defined the legal framework of UN peacekeeping, this article highlights the opportunities and challenges that China will face as a provider of international security.

Os anos de 2020 e 2021 foram desafiadores para a humanidade, pois a pandemia provocada pelo coronavirus Sars-Cov-2 explicitou nos sistemas de saúde deficiências relacionadas ao diagnóstico, atendimento e tratamento de pacientes. A escassez de matéria prima para o setor hospitalar evoluiu de maneira exponencial, em especial, respiradores mecânicos tornaram-se equipamentos de extrema necessidade, refletindo em grande número de pesquisas acadêmicas sobre o desenvolvimento dos mesmos. O dispositivo pode ser reproduzido de maneira rápida e fácil através da configuração proposta, fazendo que o trabalho humano é substituído por um acionamento de alavancas mecânicas. Tanto a parte mecânica quanto a fluidodinâmica foram validadas, além dos acionamentos eletrônicos, fazendo com que o equipamento tenha uma eficiência atrativa para os fins de terapia de urgência. Além disso, o protótipo mostra-se atrativo e com impacto social relevante, salientando o baixo capital necessário para sua montagem, em comparação aos equipamentos citados na literatura como de baixo custo.

Background Current breast implant prevalence within the general population remains elusive. An accurate prevalence is critical to serve as the denominator for any assessment of breast implant-related complication. The purpose of this manuscript is to assess this prevalence in women aged 20–70 years in Italy. Materials and Methods Eight reviewers, demonstrating a mean sensitivity of 87.0% and specificity of 97.0%, were recruited for retrospective identification of implants on chest radiographs from a tertiary academic hospital in a major urban setting. Three final reviewers were selected, and they assessed all eligible chest radiographs collected between January and December 2019. The hospital-based population was compared to epidemiological data at a local, regional and national level to demonstrate homogeneity of age structures using the phi correlation coefficient. Results We identified 3,448 chest X-rays which yielded 140 implants, with an overall prevalence of 4.1% for women aged 20–70. Implants were bilateral in 76% of cases and unilateral in 24%. They were placed cosmetically in 47.1% cases and used for reconstruction in 52.9% cases. Phi correlation coefficient found no differences across hospital-based, local, regional and national populations. Conclusion A validated method was performed to estimate implant prevalence from an academic hospital in a major urban setting at 4.1% and was used to estimate national prevalence in Italy. The implications of this epidemiologic study may reach across national borders for improved understanding of breast implant epidemiology and in predicting the total number of patients within a given population that may be affected by device complications. Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

The safflower is an oleaginous plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is used as a raw material for various purposes. These plants are popular for the quality and quantity of oil produced and, and thus, studying their genetic variability using markers is necessary for determining genetic resources to conduct breeding programs. Therefore, we evaluated the genetic variability of safflower genotypes using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) molecular markers. The study was conducted at the State University of Mato Grosso “Carlos Alberto Reyes Maldonado”, in the Campus of Cáceres-MT. In total, 121 safflower genotypes from the Germplasm collection were evaluated using 21 SSR markers. The programs GenAlEx 6.5, GENES, and Structure were used to analyze the data. We identified 158 alleles at 21 loci among the genotypes. The expected heterozygosity (He) was high (0.551 - 0.804), but the observed heterozygosity (Ho) was low (0.000 - 0.502), and the indices of the endogamy coefficient (F) were positive in all loci and all populations, with an overall average of 0.958. The genetic differentiation (FST) values among populations were low, with an average of 0.010, which suggested a low population structure. The modified Tocher clustering and the UPGMA hierarchical clustering yielded 19 and 15 distinct groups, respectively. The genetic structure showed two populations, with few intermixes in the genome. The evaluated safflower genotypes showed genetic variability, and these genetically different variants might be used in breeding programs to obtain cultivars adapted to Brazil. RESUMO O cártamo é uma oleaginosa da família Asteraceae, cuja matéria-prima serve para diversos fins. A cultura se destaca pela qualidade e quantidade de óleo produzido, neste sentido o estudo da variabilidade genética com o uso de marcadores é uma etapa inicial na exploração dos recursos genéticos em um programa de melhoramento. Diante disso, estimou-se a variabilidade genética de genótipos de cártamo via marcadores moleculares Simple Sequence Repetition (SSR). O estudo foi conduzido na Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso “Carlos Alberto Reyes Maldonado”, Campus de Cáceres-MT, onde foram avaliados 121 genótipos de cártamo da coleção de Germoplasma, utilizando 21 marcadores SSR. Foram utilizados os programas GenAlEx 6.5, GENES e software Structure para os respectivos resultados. O número de alelos detectados entre os genótipos considerando os 21 loci foi de 158, a He pode ser considerada alta, variando de 0,551 a 0,804, já a heterozigosidade observada (Ho) foi baixa, variando de 0,000 a 0,502, e índices de coeficiente de endogamia (F) foram positivos em todos os locus e em todas as populações, possuindo uma média geral de 0,958. Os valores de medida de diferenciação genética (FST) entre as populações foram encontrados baixos em média de 0,010, sugerindo baixa estrutura populacional. O agrupamento de Tocher modificado obteve 19 grupos, e o agrupamento hierárquico de UPGMA 15 grupos distintos. A estruturação genética demostrou duas populações, com poucas intermixagem no genoma. Os genótipos de cártamo avaliados possuem variabilidade genética, sendo possível explorar esta variabilidade em um programa de melhoramento genético visando obter cultivares adaptados ao Brasil.

As the renewable energy sources (RES) production is strongly influenced by multiple geographic factors and highly variable, the need for both energy storage integration and robust real-time power management strategies development is obvious. Wind power represents the largest generating capacity among RES, being at the same time the most fluctuant. The capability to overcome the great disadvantage of wind power variability supports rising its penetration while preserving current operation modes of power systems, so new fashions to achieve this target are of great interest. This paper aims to prove the robustness of a recently introduced power management strategy, able to operate in online conditions, based on simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) algorithm. To this regard, two different real datasets for wind power profiles with different statistical features are employed. The power management strategy is implemented on a hybrid energy storage system comprising a battery and a flywheel, modeled in Simulink/Matlab. The objectives of the proposed strategy are to reduce the instantaneous power ramp of the profile injected to the grid while smoothening the power profile exchanged by the battery in order to preserve it. Simulations are performed in representative conditions selected on statistical basis. It is demonstrated that the SPSA based power management achieves similar performances in all simulation conditions, proving to be robust. As a performance indicator, the reduction of the power ramp in reference to the 90% CDF threshold is evaluated. It is remarked as an 80% power ramp reduction is obtained towards the grid in both sites. Moreover, the further target is achieved in terms of battery lifetime extension; specifically, the fluctuation of the power profile exchanged by the battery is smoothed by 63% in the first site and 48% in the second, with respect to the flywheel one.

Advances in surface chemistry of CsPbX

Advances in surface chemistry of CsPbX3 (where X = Cl, Br or I) nanocrystals (NCs) enabled the replacement of native chain ligands in solution. However, there are few reports on ligand exchange carried out on CsPbX3 NC thin films. Solid-state ligand exchange can improve the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of the film and promote a change in solubility of the solid surface, thus enabling multiple depositions of subsequent nanocrystal layers. Fine control of nanocrystal film thickness is of importance for light-emitting diodes (LEDs), solar cells and lasers alike. The thickness of the emissive material film is crucial to assure the copious recombination of charges injected into a LED, resulting in bright electroluminescence. Similarly, solar cell performance is determined by the amount of absorbed light, and hence the light absorber content in the device. In this study, we demonstrate a layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly method that results in high quality films, whose thicknesses can be finely controlled. In the solid state, we replaced oleic acid and oleylamine ligands with didodecyldimethylammonium bromide or ammonium thiocyanate that enhance the PLQY of the film. The exchange is carried out through a spin-coating technique, using solvents with strategic polarity to avoid NC dissolution or damage. Exploiting this technique, the deposition of various layers results in considerable thickening of films as proven by atomic force microscope measurements. The ease of handling of our combined process (i.e. ligand exchange and layer-by-layer deposition) enables thickness control over CsPbX3 NC films with applicability to other perovskite nanomaterials paving the way for a large variety of layer permutations.

These guidelines of the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) Cardiac Arrest under Special Circumstances are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations. This section provides guidelines on the modifications required for basic and advanced life support for the prevention and treatment of cardiac arrest under special circumstances; in particular, specific causes (hypoxia, trauma, anaphylaxis, sepsis, hypo-/hyperkalaemia and other electrolyte disorders, hypothermia, avalanche, hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia, pulmonary embolism, coronary thrombosis, cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, toxic agents), specific settings (operating room, cardiac surgery, cardiac catheterization laboratory, dialysis unit, dental clinics, transportation [in-flight, cruise ships], sport, drowning, mass casualty incidents), and specific patient groups (asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, neurological disease, morbid obesity, pregnancy).

Informed by a series of systematic reviews, scoping reviews and evidence updates from the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation, the 2021 European Resuscitation Council Guidelines present the most up to date evidence-based guidelines for the practice of resuscitation across Europe. The guidelines cover the epidemiology of cardiac arrest; the role that systems play in saving lives, adult basic life support, adult advanced life support, resuscitation in special circumstances, post resuscitation care, first aid, neonatal life support, paediatric life support, ethics and education.

Bio-waste embeds an extraordinary renewable potential, and it becomes a source of energy savings when transformed into a valuable resource, like biogas. Cogeneration (CHP) from biogas employing high-temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) scores a high sustainability level, thanks to improved environmental and energy performances. The synergy between the niche market of small/micro biogas producers and SOFCs might act as a springboard to open market opportunities for both SOFC commercialization and business upgrade of small farms. However, local regulations, waste management, renewable energy subsidies and, above all, availability of eligible sites, determine real chances for on-the-ground implementation. Through a detailed analysis of the application scenario, this research aims at investigating opportunities for the experimentation of SOFC–CHP in small biogas plants and identifying the possible bottlenecks for future deployment. When it becomes relevant, energy conversion of livestock (especially cattle and swine) and agriculture waste requires SOFC modules from 10 kWe to 35 kWe. This is in line with the current status of SOFC suppliers. Moreover, considering the fuel cell market roll-out, the average levelized cost of electricity is expected to decrease from 0.387 €/kWh to 0.115 €/kWh, when electricity is produced from livestock waste available on-site.

The study of plant and animal remains from archaeological sites provides important evidence about past human diets and habits: this includes species selection, food preparation, consumption and dis...

Multifunctional flexible Au electrodes based on one-dimensional (1D) arrays of plasmonic gratings are nanofabricated over large areas with an engineered variant of laser interference lithography optimized for low-cost transparent templates. Au nanostripe (NS) arrays achieve sheet resistance in the order of 20 Ohm/square on large areas (∼ cm2) and are characterized by a strong and dichroic plasmonic response which can be easily tuned across the visible (VIS) to near-infrared (NIR) spectral range by tailoring their cross-sectional morphology. Stacking vertically a second nanostripe, separated by a nanometer scale dielectric gap, we form near-field coupled Au/SiO2/Au dimers which feature hybridization of their localized plasmon resonances, strong local field-enhancements and a redshift of the resonance towards the NIR range. The possibility to combine excellent transport properties and optical transparency on the same plasmonic metasurface template is appealing in applications where low-energy photon management is mandatory like e.g., in plasmon enhanced spectroscopies or in photon harvesting for ultrathin photovoltaic devices. The remarkable lateral order of the plasmonic NS gratings provides an additional degree of freedom for tailoring the optical response of the multifunctional electrodes via the excitation of surface lattice resonances, a Fano-like coupling between the broad localised plasmonic resonances and the collective sharp Rayleigh modes.

International audience; No abstract available

The aim of this study was to compare the longitudinal stability of implants with Morse taper and external hexagon connections placed in the anterior mandible and subjected to immediate functional loading. Nine patients each received 4 mandibular implants placed between the mental foramina. In each patient, 2 implants on the left side of the arch had Morse taper prosthetic connections, and 2 implants on the right side had external hexagon prosthetic connections. Mandibular overdentures and opposing removable complete dentures were placed within 72 hours after implant surgery. Clinical evaluation of the implants via magnetic transduction resonance frequency analysis was performed immediately following surgery and 3 months, 6 months, and 2 years following surgery to obtain the implant stability quotient (ISQ). The data obtained were parametric according to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test. The lowest ISQ of any implant was approximately 67, representing reliable osseointegration. The only statistically significant difference between the 2 types of prosthetic connection was found in the initial period (immediately following surgery), when the external hexagon connection in the distal position presented greater stability than did the Morse taper connection in the same position on the opposite side (P0.05; Student t test). In intragroup comparisons, no statistically significant differences were found regarding the positions of the implants in the mandible. When the different follow-up periods were evaluated, there were statistically significant differences only in the external hexagon group, with significant reductions in stability of both mesial and distal implants at 6 months compared to other time periods (P0.05; Tukey test). Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that both Morse taper and external hexagon prosthetic connections provide good stability in an immediate functional loading protocol.

Supporting information

In the era of big data, the progressively more widespread use of computational and data-intensive approaches is leading to changes in the ways of doing science and conducting research. The new methodologies and techniques are routine for researchers and professionals who make everyday use of big data analytics or simulations tools but are mainly unknown to ordinary people. Nevertheless, the impact of computational and data-intensive approaches has gone far beyond the scientific community, reaching the entire society. Indeed, the applications of machine learning and big data analytics, as well as the results and methods of computational simulations have reached people’s life and behaviour and, even more importantly, are at the methodological core of studies on urgent issues like the climate change or the pandemic, on which policymakers and citizens have to make decisions. Hence, the educational community cannot ignore the ongoing transformation of all people’s lives, behaviors, and culture. Within the research field of education to data science and computation, this dissertation addresses the issue of introducing in teaching-learning activities one of the methods of the on-going data science revolution: the computational simulations. Addressing the conceptual, methodological, and epistemological novelty of these objects, we will show how they embed, in a very specific, disciplinary-grounded way, the paradigm shift and cultural revolution of the data science age. We do that using lenses that come from the science of complexity, with its key-ideas that, originated from the physical modelling, can be applied to the analysis of a range of different phenomena. In the dissertation, we will guide the readers to recognize how dealing with simulations not only requires technical competences of coding, but a change of mindset and ways to think about the problems and the scientific method to address them.

RESUMO - O sorgo sacarino [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, pertence à família das Poaceae, apresenta colmos suculentos com altos teores de açúcares fermentescíveis. A busca de alternativas para o setor sucroalcooleiro e energético brasileiro o cultivo de sorgo sacarino apresenta-se ao mercado com vantagens, visando sua utilização para fins energéticos como: ciclo rápido e cultura totalmente mecanizável. Esta pesquisa tem objetivo avaliar a performance agronômica de diferentes cultivares de sorgo sacarino sob condições ambientais da região de Cáceres, com intuito de proporcionar à indústria sucroalcooleira a melhor cultivar para produção de etanol. O experimento foi conduzido na safra 2019/20 na área experimental do Laboratório de Recursos Genéticos & Biotecnologia (LRG&B) da UNEMAT, em Cáceres. Foram avaliados 25 genótipos de sorgo sacarino, cedidos pela EMBRAPA. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento blocos casualizado, com três repetições. As características avaliadas foram: florescimento, altura, peso de massa verde, peso de massa seca, peso de caldo, volume médio de caldo, sólidos solúveis totais e tonelada de brix por hectare. Submetidos à análise de variância e a comparação de médias pelo teste de agrupamento de médias ScottKnott. Os coeficientes de variação apresentados para as características variaram de 1,63 a 39,69%. As cultivares que mais se destacaram obtendo melhores resultados para esta região foram CMSXS5035, CMSXS5036 e CMSXS5037 em volume médio de caldo, peso de caldo, peso de massa verde, peso de massa seca e obteve bom resultado em tonelada de Brix por hectare. ABSTRACT - The sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, belongs to the Poaceae family, has succulent stalks with high contents of fermentable sugars. The search for alternatives for the Brazilian sugar-alcohol and energy sector, the cultivation of sweet sorghum presents itself to the market with advantages, aiming its use for energy purposes such as: fast cycle and fully mechanized culture. This research aims to evaluate the agronomic performance of different cultivars of sweet sorghum under environmental conditions in the region of Cáceres, in order to provide the sugar and alcohol industry with the best cultivar for ethanol production. The experiment was conducted in the 2019/20 harvest in the experimental area of the Laboratory of Genetic Resources & Biotechnology (LRG&B) at UNEMAT, in Cáceres. Twenty-five sweet sorghum genotypes, provided by EMBRAPA, were evaluated. The experiment was installed in a random block design, with three replications. The characteristics evaluated were flowering, height, green mass weight, dry mass weight, broth weight, average broth volume, total soluble solids and ton of brix per hectare. Submitted to analysis of variance and comparison of means by the Scott-Knott grouping of means test. The coefficients of variation presented for the characteristics ranged from 1.63 to 39.69%, in this sense, the coefficient of variation can be influenced by the edaphoclimatic conditions of the crop. The cultivars that most stood out obtaining better results for this region were CMSXS5035, CMSXS5036 and CMSXS5037 in average broth volume, broth weight, green mass weight, dry mass weight and obtained good results in a ton of Brix per hectare. Made available in DSpace on 2022-08-03T17:20:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Performance-agronomica-sorgo-sacarino-avaliados-regiao-de-Caceres-MT.pdf: 109008 bytes, checksum: 6e9fc0a28a9f59e7ee718d90155b2773 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022