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Birth cohort is an important platform to study the effect of early-life exposure on health outcome, but large cohorts to investigate the effect of preconception exposure, especially paternal exposure, on reproductive health and birth outcome are limited. The Preconception Reproductive Health and Birth Outcome Cohort (PREBIC) is a prospective birth cohort study which pays equal attention to the contribution of environmental, psychological, behavioral as well as other factors to reproductive health and adverse birth outcomes in both men and women in Chongqing, China. PREBIC started in 2019 and plans to recruit 20 800 reproductive-age couples with child-bearing willingness. Followed up was conducted to understand the conception status of the women within two years. Women in pregnancy would be visited at first, second, third trimesters and after delivery. The offspring would be monitored until 2 years old to understand the incidences of preterm birth, low birth weight, birth defects, neurodevelopmental disorders and other outcomes. Related information and biospecimen collections (including semen, peripheral blood, urine, placenta, umbilical cord, cord blood and oral swab) were scheduled in each period. By January 2022, PREBIC had recruited 8 698 participants from all 38 districts in Chongqing. The goal of PREBIC is to establish one of the largest prospective preconception birth cohorts covering both men and women, which might provide a unique insight to understand the effects of the full reproductive cycle on reproductive health and adverse outcomes, with especial emphasis on preconception exposures.出生队列是研究生命早期暴露对健康结局影响的重要工具，但目前缺乏有力支撑孕前暴露特别是父系暴露对生殖健康和妊娠结局影响研究的大型队列平台。重庆市孕前生殖健康与出生结局队列研究是起始于孕前阶段，同等关注男女双方的环境、心理、行为等暴露因素对生殖健康和不良妊娠结局影响的前瞻性队列研究。项目于2019年正式启动，计划招募有生育意愿的育龄夫妇20 800人。通过随访，调查志愿者2年内是否自然受孕。对进入妊娠期的女性志愿者，在孕早、中、晚期进一步随访，并对分娩的子代随访至2岁，监测早产、低出生体重、出生缺陷、神经功能发育障碍等结局发生情况。各阶段分别采集相应的数据信息和生物样本，包括精液、外周血、尿液、胎盘、脐带、脐带血、口腔拭子等。截至2022年1月，已纳入志愿者8 698人，分布于重庆市所有38个区/县。本队列建设目标是成为涵盖父母双方的前瞻性大样本孕前出生队列，将以独特的设计和更加全面的视角阐明全生育周期特别是孕前期暴露因素对生殖健康和不良出生结局的影响及机制。.

Excited states of 117Sn have been populated using the fusion-evaporation reaction 114Cd(7Li, 1p3n) at a beam energy of 48[Formula: see text]MeV. A total of nine new transitions have been identified and added into the level scheme of 117Sn. Based on the systematical comparisons with the neighboring Sn isotopes and the configuration-fixed constrained triaxial relativistic mean-field (RMF) calculations, a collective structure and two isomers are proposed to exist in 117Sn. The phenomenon of shape coexistence has been extended to A = 117 in odd-A Sn isotopes for the first time.

Tip-Tilt mirrors play an important role in astronomical telescopes requiring the tracking performance at the level of microradian or sub-microradian. However, the closed-loop performance suffers a lot from the low-sample rate and time delay of image sensors. Especially, this issue is under the condition of vibrations, because dynamic behaviors are complex and the models are difficult to be obtained accurately. Another challenging issue comes from the measurement of vibrations and its extraction for the closed-loop control. This paper proposes a new method based on an add-on controller of the Tip-Tilt mirror to mitigate telescope vibrations. The proposed method only uses Tip-Tilt errors from an image sensor to implement a disturbance observer, which is not being restricted by an accurate model. As a result, the closed-loop performance can be optimized by designing of a proper Q-filter. To suppress the low-frequency and high-frequency vibrations, a novel Q-filter combining a lowpass filter and a bandpass filter is proposed here. The improved control method is validated by both simulation and experiment in the tip-tilt mirror control system under the condition of vibrations.

This paper firstly analyzes and establishes the motion model of the quadrotor UAV, and then designs the image recognition and control system scheme for the path tracking task. In the image recognition part, the path information is obtained and the desired position signal is obtained by the steps of image optimization, Hough transformation, determining flight direction, identifying the drop-point area, and the PID control is used in the control system part. From the simulation results and 3D visualization module, it can be seen that the UAV can complete the straight-line flight, curve flight, and landing action well, and the image recognition and flight control scheme designed in this paper has good performance.

The reported transverse wobbling band in odd-mass $^{105}$Pd has been reinvestigated by the triaxial particle rotor model. Employing different parameter sets of moment of inertia (MOI), several calculated results could be in good agreement with the experimental data, which show distinct modes of rotational excitation, respectively. These modes are sensitive to the ratio between the MOI at intermediate and short axis. With the increase of this ratio, a wobble about the short axis of the total angular momentum is gradually changed to a wobble about the intermediate axis. In addition, it is exhibited that precession and tunneling are two aspects of the quantum wobbling motion. The tunneling aspect dominates in the yrare states of $^{105}$Pd. The present results in $^{105}$Pd show the complexity of the transverse wobbling mode., Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures

This study was conducted between November to December 2020, consisting of six representative cities, Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen (with comprehensive smoke-free legislation), and Changsha, Chongqing, Shenyang (without comprehensive smoke-free legislation), 678 subjects were enrolled eventually, the mean age of the 678 subjects was (35.61±12.91)years old. Subjects from cities with comprehensive smoke-free legislation accounted for 49.71% of the total; male subjects accounted for 19.47%; meanwhile subjects from large, medium, and small restaurants accounted for 13.57% (92), 37.32% (253) and 49.11% (333) respectively. The analysis results indicate that the positive rate of restaurants staff of cotinine and 3'-hydroxynicotinine was lower in cities with comprehensive smoke-free legislation(34.12% vs 68.04%, χ²=78.01,2020年11—12月，纳入北京、上海、深圳（已出台全面无烟立法）和长沙、重庆、沈阳（未出台全面无烟立法）6城市的678名餐饮场所工作人员为研究对象，年龄为（35.61±12.91）岁；已出台全面无烟立法城市者占49.71%（337名）；男性占19.47%（132名）；大、中和小型餐饮场所的研究对象分别占13.57%（92名）、37.32%（253名）和49.11%（333名）。经检测研究对象的唾液样本中的可替宁和三羟基可替宁，已出台全面无烟立法城市对象唾液中可替宁［34.12%（115/337）］、三羟基可替宁检出率［16.32%（55/337）］均低于未出台全面无烟立法城市对象的可替宁［68.04%（232/341）］、三羟基可替宁检出率［41.94%（143/341）］（

The International Maritime Organization is currently establishing second generation intact stability criteria, the dead ship stability is considered one important criterion, so the development of its direct stability assessment regulation has become a topic undergoing close review. In this paper a peak-over-threshold (POT) method is proposed to evaluate the dead ship stability, which focuses on the statistical extrapolation that exceed the threshold, also the traditional Monte Carlo simulation is carried out to approve the method. On the basis of verification calculation of the sample ship CEHIPAR2792, the capsizing probability of a certain warship is also conducted. Moreover, the influence of initial stability height GM and effective wave slope coefficient Y on the capsizing probability is analysed. The results and the possible reason for the difference are examined. This study is expected to provide technical support for the second-generation stability criteria and establish the capsizing probability of damaged dead ship stability.

肺良性转移性平滑肌瘤（PBML）是一种与子宫平滑肌瘤相关的罕见疾病。当其伴广泛黏液变性时，术中快速易误诊为肺内富含黏液的其他肿瘤。本文报道1例53岁女性的PBML，患者有子宫平滑肌瘤切除史（16年前）。本次术中快速切片镜下瘤细胞呈簇状散在分布于广泛黏液变性的间质中，细胞温和，无核分裂象，形态与肺原发或转移的富含细胞外黏液的低级别黏液腺癌类似。术后常规HE、免疫组织化学及荧光原位杂交结果支持PBML。.

The present study has explored the origin of fresh groundwater in the Otindag Desert, China using environmental tracers. The results characterize hydrochemical and isotopic properties of groundwater in this middle-latitude desert of Arid Asia, clarifying their spatial distribution and linkage with climatic, topographic and geologic settings, and interpreting the groundwater source and chemical evolution. Hydrogeochemical and isotopic signals suggest that groundwater recharge in the desert is isolated from seasonal and regional variations in meteorological forcing. Stable isotopic data (2H, 18O) and radioactive isotopic data (3H) indicate that the desert aquifer is dominated by high-altitude cold water originating from the highland mountains that border the desert to the east and south. Variography shows that the dip of the main Xilamulun Fault is a dominant control on the groundwater flow, implying that the tectonic settings are more important than climatic and topographical settings to explain the origin of groundwater in the desert. This means that the origin of fresh groundwater in the desert is maily controlled by geological structures. This study provides a new perspective into the origin and evolution of groundwater resources in the middle-latitude deserts of the arid Asia.

High-spin states in $^{84}\mathrm{Rb}$ have been studied using the $^{76}\mathrm{Ge}(^{11}\mathrm{B}$, $3n$) reaction at a beam energy of 36 MeV. A pair of nearly degenerate positive-parity doublet bands have been extended and interpreted as candidate chiral doublet bands based on their experimental properties. This interpretation is supported by the triaxial relativistic mean-field theory and the triaxial particle-rotor model calculations. The systematic comparison of the candidate chiral bands in the $A\ensuremath{\approx}80$ mass region are also discussed. This work is the first observation of candidate chiral doublet bands in $Z=37$ Rb isotopes and extends the boundaries of the chiral nuclei in the $A\ensuremath{\approx}80$ mass region.

Intellectual disability (ID) encompasses a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders that may present with psychiatric illness in up to 40% of cases. Despite the evidence for clinical utility of genetic panels in pediatrics, there are no published studies in adolescents/adults with ID or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study was approved by our institutional research ethics board. We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of all patients evaluated between January 2017 and December 2019 in our adult neuropsychiatric genetics clinic at the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), who had undergone a comprehensive ID/ASD gene panel. Thirty-four patients aged 16 years, affected by ID/ASD and/or other neuropsychiatric/behavioral disorders, were identified. Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified in one-third of our cohort (32%): 8 single-nucleotide variants in 8 genes (CASK, SHANK3, IQSEC2, CHD2, ZBTB20, TREX1, SON, and TUBB2A) and 3 copy number variants (17p13.3, 16p13.12p13.11, and 9p24.3p24.1). The presence of psychiatric/behavioral disorders, regardless of the co-occurrence of ID, and, at a borderline level, the presence of ID alone were associated with positive genetic findings (p = 0.024 and p = 0.054, respectively). Moreover, seizures were associated with positive genetic results (p = 0.024). One-third of individuals presenting with psychiatric illness who met our red flags for Mendelian diseases have pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants which can be identified using a comprehensive ID/ASD gene panel (~ 2500 genes) performed on an exome backbone.

Gyrotron devices are based on the principle of the relativistic electron cyclotron maser and capable of generating high-power coherent radiation in the millimeter-THz wave range, which are important in imaging, communication, biomedicine. However, traditional particle-in-cell software, simulating the beam-wave interaction of terahertz gyrotron devices, is of huge resource consumption due to massive particles and grid-size dependency of wavelength. Specialized theories need to be developed. In this paper, frequency-domain and time-domain nonlinear theories are introduced. Based on macro-particle assumption and 1-D analytic approximation, the resource consumption is dramatically reduced. The results of two theories coincide with each other. The accuracy of simulation result is demonstrated by comparison with particle-in-cell software. The investigation presented in this paper provides efficient and accurate method to analyze the terahertz gyrotron devices.

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of micro ribonucleic acid (miR)-18a on the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer (GC) cells, and to elucidate the possible underlying mechanism.In this study, the expression of miR-18a in GC tissues and para-cancer tissues was verified by in situ hybridization (ISH) of GC tissue microarray (TMA). Meanwhile, the effect of miR-18a expression on the prognosis of GC patients was evaluated. GC AGS cell line was selected and transfected with miR-18a mimic and mimic control (NC) to up-regulate miR-18a expression in vitro. Thereafter, changes in cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration after transfection were detected by biological functional assays. Luciferase reporter gene assay was carried out to verify the target gene Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) modulated by miR-18a. Finally, the Spearman's grade correlation coefficient was calculated to explore the correlation between the expressions of miR-18a and RUNX1.ISH results of TMA showed that overexpression of miR-18a in GC tissues was significantly associated with low survival rate of patients (p0.001). High expression of miR-18a remarkably enhanced the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells (p0.05). Besides, it has been predicted in biology that RUNX1 is one of the target genes of miR-18a. Luciferase reporter gene assay showed that Luciferase activity in cells transfected with wild-type (WT) RUNX1 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) was significantly reduced (p0.05). Moreover, the protein expression of RUNX1 decreased remarkably in GC cells with over-expression of miR-18a (p0.05). All these findings indicated that the expression of miR-18a was negatively correlated with RUNX1 in GC cells (p0.001, r=0.86).MiR-18a exerts a high predictive value for the prognosis of GC patients by directly targeting the transcription factor RUNX1. All our findings may provide therapeutic candidates for GC identification.

The properties and performance of TiN thin films are closely related to the concentration and mobility of lattice defects in the thin film structures of TiN. This makes a local atomic scale study of TiN thin films an ever-growing demand. Emission 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy (eMS) is a powerful tool in this regard, which we apply here to study an ultrathin TiN film epitaxially grown on MgO (100). With the help of theoretical calculations, our results show that most implanted Fe ions adopt a 2+ valence state and locate at the Ti sublattice in the bulk-like single crystalline grains, with the rest Fe residing at the grain boundaries as interstitials. A small percentage of nitrogen point defects (vacancy VN and interstitial NI) are observed in the bulk-like crystalline grains. A temperature-dependent, interstitial NI mediated site-exchange between NI and VN inside the crystal grain are deduced via a N2 dimmer like diffusion of NI through the crystal grains in the temperature range of 540 - 620 K. This is interesting in the perspective of exploring the catalytic property of TiN nanostructures. The titanium vacancy (VTi) is only detected at the grain boundaries. Annealing up to 813 K, both the VN and NI are annihilated in the crystalline grains and the VTi is fully recovered with healing of the grain boundaries. However, no evidence of ferromagnetism due to dilute implantation of 57Mn/57Fe and or structural defects in the film is obtained. This suggests that the so far reported dilute magnetism and defect-induced ferromagnetism in TiN nanostructures requires a further systematic investigation.

术中快速疑难病例包括乳腺导管原位癌是否伴微浸润、乳腺硬化性腺病与浸润性癌鉴别、不同系统来源低分化癌与炎性病变的鉴别等，利用术中快速免疫组织化学染色技术，标记特异性肌上皮细胞指标p63、Calponin以及广谱细胞角蛋白，可以在15 min内完成染色，快速、准确地辅助术中快速诊断，显著降低误诊、漏诊率。.

The back-streaming neutrons (Back-n) facility at China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) provides an excellent white neutron source for accurate nuclear data measurements. At Back-n, the GAmma spectrometer with GErmanium Array (GAEA) in planning is designed to measure neutron-induced cross-sections, nuclear structure, and in-beam nuclear spectroscopy. As GAEA consists of various detectors, developing and maintaining the readout electronics for this spectrometer is challenging. A prototype of readout electronics based on the universal digital readout platform is proposed in this paper. The digitizer in the platform consists of a data processing carrier and a signal acquire mezzanine. Different mezzanines are designed to accommodate various detectors in GAEA. The carrier's firmware also has a universal part for data readout and a reconfigurable module for real-time data processing. In order to synchronize all digitizers, a time synchronization module is designed, based upon which a global synchronous network is constructed with PXIe chassis. Critical signals as the clock, trigger, and control can be synchronously distributed over this network with high precision, significantly simplifying the whole readout electronics. Several tests were carried out to evaluate the prototype. The measured FWHM of the 22Na characteristic peak at 1274.5 keV is better than 0.15% for the HPGe detector. The measured time resolution of the readout electronics is 34.7 ps. Test results show that the performance of the readout electronics can meet GAEA requirements.

In order to investigate the effects of additives on electrical breakdown strength of naphthenic transformer oil, three types of additives including N, N′-dimethyl aniline (DMA), trichloroethylene (TCE) and TiO2 nanoparticles were used to modify the oil with different concentrations. The breakdown strength and prebreakdown streamer propagation process in the pure and modified oils were investigated under positive lightning impulse voltage. The test results indicate that all additives can improve the breakdown strength of naphthenic transformer oil at certain concentrations, and TiO2 nanoparticles exhibit an optimal modification effect with an increase of 39.4%. Moreover, streamer propagation characteristics of modified oils are significantly affected by the type of additives. The presence of DMA increases the number of discharge branches, while TCE shortens the propagation length of branches without any obvious change in the shape. The positive streamers in the oil modified by TiO2 nanoparticles possess both denser branches and much slower velocities. Based on the analysis of molecule ionization and distribution characteristics of space charge, the improvement in breakdown strength and the change of prebreakdown process are mainly attributed to the significant influence of additives on the formation and transportation of charge carriers in the naphthenic transformer oil.

The climatological variation of aerosol properties and the planetary boundary layer (PBL) during 2013–2015 over the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region were investigated by employing ground-based Micro Pulse Lidar (MPL) and CE-318 sun-photometer observations. Combining Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite products, enhanced haze pollution events affected by different types of aerosol over the YRD region were analyzed through vertical structures, spatial distributions, backward trajectories, and the potential source contribution function (PSCF) model. The results show that aerosols in the YRD are dominated by fine-mode particles, except in March. The aerosol optical depth (AOD) in June and September is higher due to high single scattering albedo (SSA) from hygroscopic growth, but it is lower in July and August due to wet deposition from precipitation. The PBL height (PBLH) is greater (means ranging from 1.23 to 1.84 km) and more variable in the warmer months of March to August, due to the stronger diurnal cycle and exchange of heat. Northern fine-mode pollutants are brought to the YRD at a height of 1.5 km. The SSA increases, blocking the radiation to the surface, and cooling the surface, thereby weakening turbulence, lowering the PBL, and in turn accelerating the accumulation of pollutants, creating a feedback to the cooling effect. Originated from the deserts in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, long-range transported dust masses are seen at heights of about 2 km over the YRD region with an SSA440 nm below 0.84, which heat air and raise the PBL, accelerating the diffusion of dust particles. Regional transport from biomass-burning spots to the south of the YRD region bring mixed aerosol particles at a height below 1.5 km, resulting in an SSA440 nm below 0.89. During the winter, the accumulation of the local emission layer is facilitated by stable weather conditions, staying within the PBL even below 0.5 km.

The ability of neurons to modify or remodel their synaptic connectivity is critical for the function of neural circuitry throughout the life of an animal. Understanding the mechanisms underlying neuronal structural changes is central to our knowledge of how the nervous system is shaped for complex behaviors and how it further adapts to developmental and environmental demands. Caenorhabditis elegans provides a powerful model for examining developmental processes and for discovering mechanisms controlling neural plasticity. Recent findings have identified conserved themes underlying neural plasticity in development and under environmental stress.

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD) are silicon particle sensors with intrinsic gain through a thin p-type multiplication layer inserted between n-type implant and p-type bulk. The first prototype of LGAD sensors in China have been developed at the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) of Chinese Academic Sciences and the Novel Device Laboratory (NDL) of Beijing Normal University. With an active thickness of 33 μ m, good breakdown performance, gain > 10, these sensors have reached jitter contribution of 10 ps to timing resolution with laser tests.

ZnO-based dilute magnetic semiconductors have attracted great interest for their promising application potential in spintronics. Observation of ferromagnetic-like behavior in oxides in general directs the recent focus to defect-rich undoped ZnO thin films and nanostructures. Such magnetic properties are generally mediated by the defects exclusive of magnetic ion doping, thus called defect-induced d0 ferromagnetism (FM). However the intrinsic origin of d0 FM in such materials is controversially reported. In this review we aim to locate the root of the controversy by revisiting the way how the defects were characterized and correlated with the d0 FM in each situation. We found that the main cause of controversy is rooted in a long term debate on the nature of native defects concerning the unintentional n-type conductivity in as-grown ZnO. It is particularly manifested in the assignment of the green luminescence center in photoluminescence spectra and electron paramagnetic resonance signals near g = 1.96 and g = 2.0. Only through X-ray-based microscopy and spectroscopy analysis, can the intrinsic origin of d0 FM in undoped ZnO be unambiguously attributed to the O 2p orbitals arising from zinc vacancies, rather than the Zn 3d orbitals and oxygen vacancies. In spite of the complex defect state in the nanostructures, certain parameters that influence the d0 FM in undoped ZnO systems can be extracted from various reports. Finally, we summarize the challenges and general conclusions on the d0 FM in undoped ZnO nanostructures, followed by outlooks on potential device application in spintronics. It is clear that an important step to promote d0 FM in ZnO for spintronics is to stabilize enough VZn in ZnO nanostructures, either through acceptor doping or epitaxial growth of strained films, without diminishing the crystalline quality of the structure. Future research focusing on this direction will hopefully produce new breakthrough in device applications.

To explore the influences of propofol on the proliferation and apoptosis of cardia cancer cells via mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling pathway.A total of 65 surgical resection specimens of cardia cancer were selected as research objects and divided into control group and with low (12.5 μmol/L), medium (25 μmol/L), and high (50 μmol/L) propofol concentration groups. The apoptosis of cancer cells, ERK1/2 phosphorylation level, expressions of Caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) in each group were detected.Propofol in different concentrations could all effectively inhibit the proliferation of cardia cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Different concentrations of propofol promoted the apoptosis of cardia cancer cells, and the apoptosis rate constantly increased with the rising concentration of propofol (p0.05). Propofol could repress the expression of Bcl-2 and up-regulate the expression levels of Caspase-3, Bax, and phosphorylated ERK1/2.Propofol can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of cardia cancer cells, and the action mechanism may be correlated with the inhibition on the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway.

The change in the Curie temperature of single crystalline garnet Y

Microscopic understanding the metal-to-insulator transition (MIT) in strongly correlated materials is critical to the design and control of modern “beyond silicon” Mott nanodevices. In this work, the local MIT behaviors in single crystalline V2O3 thin films were probed on an atomic scale by online 57Fe emission Mossbauer spectroscopy (eMS) following dilute (

Digital twin gives a new approach for predictive and monitoring of manufacturing machines which can consider the influence of working condition on grinding wheel and application of prediction. In this article, we a develop methodology for grinding force prediction using digital twin approach, with the vertical double side grinding machine performing the required work while connecting the PLC program. The proposed approach integrates the information obtained from sensor data, physic models, and operational of system to establish the grinding machine model. Data driven modelling and quantification of the model form uncertainties associated with the resulting reduced order models. Simulation results show the proper connection between models and communication. The digital model was programmed to exactly match the operation of the physical system.

The change in the Curie temperature of single crystalline garnet Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) sample due to lattice damage induced by ion implantation has been investigated in 57Fe emission Mossbauer Spectroscopy (eMS) following implantation of 57Mn (T½ = 1.5 min). The Mossbauer spectra analysis reveal high spin Fe3+ ions substituted on both the octahedral and the tetrahedral sites. Measurements in the temperature range 298 K–798 K show that average values of the magnetic hyperfine field are decreased by the implantation-induced damage on the local lattice structure of the YIG. The Curie temperature, however, is determined to be 651 ± 5 K, considerably higher than the value of bulk YIG (559 K). This is most likely due to lattice damage-induced changes on the spin configurations of YIG through a FeA-O-FeD distortion scheme.

Vibrating subsoilers with flexible tines exhibit effective obstacle avoidance and soil loosening. However, undesired depths, much less than target value, are observed for subsoilers using springs as excitation elements. Therefore, we studied electric–hydraulic control technology to improve the adaptability of the vibrating subsoiler to various soil conditions by adjusting the working pressure of the excitation element. Based on a previous study of the electric–hydraulic control system that was designed for single flexible tine (Wang et al., 2018), we improved it to allow it to be applied to various rows of subsoilers in this study. Additionally, the effect of the improved electric–hydraulic control system on the subsoil quality (tillage depth, inter-row and in-row variations of tillage depth, soil bulk density, and cone index) and tool operation (draft force and power consumption) in field conditions was investigated and compared with the classical spring system. Field tests showed that the improved electric–hydraulic control system exhibited more qualified operation results compared with the classical spring system. The excitation element for each flexible tine were adjusted independently, thereby reducing the variation of the inter-row and in-row tillage depth. The variation coefficients of the electric–hydraulic system decreased by 17.59% and 34.1% when the operating speed increased from 4.2 km/h to 5.3 and 6.2 km/h, respectively, relative to spring system. Moreover, the electric–hydraulic control system yielded better soil loosening. The soil bulk density decreased by 4.55%, 3.87%, 4.59, and 4.81% at depths of 25, 30, 35, and 40 cm, respectively. However, due to the power requirement of the tractor due to the hydraulic output, the total power of the electric–hydraulic control system slightly increased by within 6.5% compared with the rigid system. Therefore, further research is needed to achieve power saving through hydraulic system optimization.

This paper presents a new rear-triggered vanadium-compensated 4H silicon carbide (4H-SiC) photoconductive semiconductor switch (PCSS) with aluminum nitride (AlN) anti-reflection coating on the back of PCSS device. Characteristics of PCSS are investigated by using semiconductor device simulation software Silvaco-TCAD. The switch substrates were doped with vanadium to make the substrates highly insulated. The on-state performance of the photoconductive switch was tested under pulsed light conditions with a wavelength of 532 nm and an optical power density of 6.8 MW/cm2 at a bias voltage of 2 kV. And the bias voltage was increased from 0 V to 10 kV in the absence of light trigger conditions, and its off-state characteristics were tested. Results show that the electric field strength between electrodes can be reduced by using rear-triggered structure, the switch breakdown voltage is over 80 kV DC, the maximum transient current is about 137 A, and the tail current almost disappears when the pulse light is turned off. In addition, the breakdown voltage of the rear-triggered PCSS to be higher than that of the front-triggered one. After adding AlN anti-reflection coating on the switch, the maximum transient of the switch and the optical utilization efficiency of laser energy are significantly improved, the maximum transient current of the switch was greatly improved from137 A to 150 A, which was increased by about 9.4 %. In addition, the effects of substrate thickness and optical power density on the switching performance were evaluated.

We study the eigenenergies and eigenfunctions of the ground and the first excited states of an electron, which is strongly coupled to longintudinal-optical phonon in an asymmetric quantum dot with a hydrogen-like impurity by using variational method of Pekar type. A single qubit can be realized in this two-level quantum system. The electron probability density oscillates in the asymmetric quantum dot with a certain period of T 0 = 10.958 fs when the electron is in the superposition state of the ground and the first excited states. Moreover, due to the presence of the different harmonic potentials, the dependence way of the probability density of the electron on the coordinate of z is different from that on the coordinates of x and y. It is found that the oscillating period increases with decreasing Coulombic impurity potential and the polaron radius.

This paper presents an experimental study on the durability properties of high-volume fly ash concrete that is suitable for channel revetment. The durability of the high-volume fly ash was determined after the material was subjected to carbonation and drying-wetting cycles. In comparison to the single damage process, the coupling effects caused the weight of the concrete to increase while decreasing the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity. In addition, carbonation depths in the concrete were significantly greater than they were in the standard carbonation test. Environmental scanning electron microscope was used to investigate the microstructure variations in the high-volume fly ash concrete. This analysis revealed that coupling effects caused damage to the concrete. The incorporation of fly ash obviously influences the concrete weight loss and relative dynamic modulus of elasticity. The carbonation resistance of the fly ash concrete is lower than that of the reference concrete.

Myelin sheath formed by oligodendrocytes (OLs) is essential for the rapid propagation of action potentials in the vertebrate CNS. Myelin regulatory factor (MYRF) is one of the critical factors that control OL differentiation and myelin maintenance. Previous studies showed that MYRF is a membrane-bound transcription factor associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). After self-cleavage, the N-fragment of MYRF is released from the ER and translocated into the nucleus where it functions as a transcription factor to activate myelin gene expression. At present, it remains unknown whether MYRF self-cleavage and functional activation can be regulated during OL differentiation. Here, we report that TMEM98, an ER-associated transmembrane protein, is capable of binding to the C-terminal of MYRF and inhibiting its self-cleavage and N-fragment nuclear translocation. In the developing CNS, TMEM98 is selectively expressed in early maturing OLs in mouse pups of either sex. Forced expression of TMEM98 in embryonic chicken spinal cord of either sex suppresses endogenous OL differentiation and MYRF-induced ectopic expression of myelin genes. These results suggest that TMEM98, through inhibiting the self-cleavage of MYRF, functions as a negative feedback regulator of MYRF in oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMYRF protein is initially synthesized as an ER-associated membrane protein that undergoes autoproteolytic cleavage to release the N-fragment, which is then transported into the nucleus and activates the transcription of myelin genes. To date, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the self-cleavage and function of MYRF in regulating oligodendrocyte differentiation have remained unknown. In this study, we present the molecular and functional evidence that TMEM98 membrane protein physically interacts with MYRF in the ER and subsequently blocks its self-cleavage, N-terminal nuclear translocation, and functional activation of myelin gene expression. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the regulation of MYRF self-proteolytic activity and function by an interacting protein, providing new insights into the molecular regulation of OL differentiation and myelinogenesis.