290 results on '"B Bingham"'
Search Results
2. Management of Incidentally Detected Gallbladder Polyps: Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Consensus Conference Recommendations
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Aya Kamaya, Christopher Fung, Jean-Luc Szpakowski, David T. Fetzer, Andrew J. Walsh, Yewande Alimi, David B. Bingham, Michael T. Corwin, Nirvikar Dahiya, Helena Gabriel, Walter G. Park, Matthew R. Porembka, Shuchi K. Rodgers, Mitchell E. Tublin, Xin Yuan, Yang Zhang, and William D. Middleton
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Polyps ,Radiologists ,Humans ,Gallbladder Neoplasms ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Gallbladder Diseases ,Gastrointestinal Neoplasms - Abstract
Gallbladder polyps (also known as polypoid lesions of the gallbladder) are a common incidental finding. The vast majority of gallbladder polyps smaller than 10 mm are not true neoplastic polyps but are benign cholesterol polyps with no inherent risk of malignancy. In addition, recent studies have shown that the overall risk of gallbladder cancer is not increased in patients with small gallbladder polyps, calling into question the rationale for frequent and prolonged follow-up of these common lesions. In 2021, a Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound, or SRU, consensus conference was convened to provide recommendations for the management of incidentally detected gallbladder polyps at US. See also the editorial by Sidhu and Rafailidis in this issue.
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- 2022
3. WCSPH simulation of the forced response of an attenuator oscillating water column wave energy converter
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Kaveh Soleimani, Mohammad Javad Ketabdari, and Harry B. Bingham
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General Physics and Astronomy ,Mathematical Physics - Published
- 2022
4. Breaking 'Bad': Negativity’s benefit for entrepreneurial funding
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Jayaram Uparna and Christopher B. Bingham
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Marketing ,Entrepreneurship ,Resource (project management) ,Empirical research ,Loan ,Impression management ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Resource Acquisition Is Initialization ,Business ,Affect (psychology) ,Interest rate ,media_common - Abstract
How does sentiment in a pitch affect an entrepreneur’s fundraising outcomes? Although research suggests that negativity in entrepreneurial “pitches” to investors adversely impacts resource acquisition, there is a lack of empirical research showing whether, and to what extent, this is true. We study over 30,000 entrepreneurial loan requests from one of the largest loan marketplaces to understand how the sentiment in text-only pitches to investors affects fundraising. In contrast to prior literature, we find that negatively-worded pitches are funded faster than positively-worded ones. We also find that negatively-worded pitches result in lower interest rates to entrepreneurs. Finally, we find that negatively-worded loans default less, suggesting that the benefits of negativity are not one-sided but two-sided: negativity helps both resource seekers and resource providers. Collectively, the results from our study reveal how negativity can be beneficial in impression management and offer fresh insights for the psychological foundations of entrepreneurship.
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- 2022
5. Evaluation of early sonographic predictors of gangrenous cholecystitis: mucosal discontinuity and echogenic pericholecystic fat
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Justin R. Tse, Rebecca Gologorsky, Luyao Shen, David B. Bingham, R. Brooke Jeffrey, and Aya Kamaya
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Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,Urology ,Gastroenterology ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging - Published
- 2022
6. Innovation Processes Track: The Ambiguity of Failure: How Innovation Failure Affects New Industry Emergence
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Hee Yeul (Tom) Kwon, Violina Rindova, Chris B. Bingham, Nathan Furr, David A. Kirsch, Mahka Moeen, and Tiona Zuzul
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General Medicine - Published
- 2022
7. Performance Prediction Program for Wind-Assisted Cargo Ships
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Martina Reche-Vilanova, Heikki Hansen, and Harry B. Bingham
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Computer science ,Performance prediction ,Marine engineering - Abstract
Wind-Assisted Propulsion Systems (WAPS) can play a key role in achieving the IMO 2050 targets on reducing the total annual GHG emissions from international shipping by at least 50%. The present project deals with the development of a six degree of freedom (DoF) Performance Prediction Program (PPP) for wind-assisted cargo ships aimed at contributing knowledge on WAPS performance. It is a fast and easy tool, able to predict the performance of any commercial ship with three possible different WAPS installed: rotor sails, rigid wing sails and DynaRigs; with only the ship main particulars and general dimensions as input data. The tool is based on semi-empirical methods and a WAPS aerodynamic database created from published data on lift and drag coefficients, which can be interpolated with the aim to scale to different sizes and configurations. A model validation is carried out to evaluate its reliability. The results are compared with the real sailing data of a Long Range 2 (LR2) class wind-assisted tanker vessel, the Maersk Pelican. The study indicates that the PPP shows good agreement with the technology suppliers’ own modelling tool and reasonable agreement with the trends of the real sailing measurements. However, for downwind sailing conditions, the predictions are more conservative than the measured values. Lastly, results showing and comparing power savings for the three different WAPS are presented. Rotor Sails are found to be the most efficient WAPS studied with a much higher potential of driving force generation per square meter of projected sail area.
- Published
- 2021
8. Pancreatic INI1-deficient undifferentiated rhabdoid carcinoma achieves complete clinical response on gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel following immediate progression on FOLFIRINOX: a case report
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Smruti Rahalkar, David B. Bingham, George A. Fisher, and Daniel A King
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0301 basic medicine ,Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,FOLFIRINOX ,Gastroenterology ,Cancer ,Case Report ,Combination chemotherapy ,medicine.disease ,Gemcitabine ,03 medical and health sciences ,Regimen ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Internal medicine ,Pancreatic cancer ,medicine ,Carcinoma ,business ,Pancreas ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Introduction INI1-deficient undifferentiated rhabdoid carcinoma is a rare pancreatic carcinoma for which the optimal treatment is unknown. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, the most common histology of pancreas cancer, is treated with combination chemotherapy in the advanced setting, a strategy supported by strong evidence in well powered studies. In patients with excellent performance status, first-line treatment usually consists of the three-drug regimen FOLFIRINOX, with the combination of gemcitabine with nab-paclitaxel, typically less toxic than the three-drug regimen, reserved for second-line therapy. Given the lack of published reports describing treatment outcomes for patients with rare forms of pancreatic cancer, the same treatment approach used for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is typically employed. Observation This case describes a patient with metastatic pancreatic INI1-deficient undifferentiated rhabdoid carcinoma who was primarily resistant to FOLFIRINOX therapy but who then achieved an immediate, marked and sustained response to gemcitabine with nab-paclitaxel. Conclusion Given the lack of data informing on optimal management of INI1-deficient pancreatic undifferentiated rhabdoid carcinoma, and the exceptional response achieved by gemcitabine with nab-paclitaxel, this case report highlights a surprising and potentially informative anecdote. Additional studies are needed to confirm responses observed in this report which when taken together may strongly influence first-line therapy choice for this rare malignancy. Given the difficult in acquiring sufficient numbers of these rare histologies in any one institution, multi-institution collaboration in studying outcomes of rare pancreatic malignancies is likely essential.
- Published
- 2021
9. Focused wave interactions with floating structures: a blind comparative study
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Jun Zang, Guillaume Ducrozet, Jennifer Van Rij, Martyn Hann, Alison Williams, Harry B. Bingham, Jack Hughes, Haoyu Ding, SA Brown, Hao Chen, Shiqiang Yan, Ian Masters, Benjamin Bouscasse, Christian Windt, Pal Schmitt, Qiang Chen, Zhihua Ma, Josh Davidson, Junxian X Wang, Ling Qian, Deborah Greaves, Giuseppe Giorgi, Zhihua Xie, Qingwei Ma, Edward Ransley, Jinghua H Wang, Zaibin Lin, Yi Hsiang Yu, John V. Ringwood, Zhaobin Li, Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique (LHEEA), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plymouth University, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Shanghai Mental Health Center, Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), College of Engineering [Swansea], Swansea University, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Spatio-Temporal Activity Recognition Systems (STARS), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)
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Renewable energy ,Dynamic time warping ,Computer science ,fluid mechanics ,Hydraulics & hydrodynamics ,020101 civil engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,hydraulics & hydrodynamics ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,0201 civil engineering ,0103 physical sciences ,Fluid mechanics ,Cylinder ,[PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph] ,SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy ,Offshore engineering ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Simulation ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,[PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of the fluids [physics.class-ph] ,Numerical analysis ,Linear model ,Mooring ,Nonlinear system ,TA ,Mechanics of Materials ,Offshore geotechnical engineering ,offshore engineering - Abstract
International audience; The paper presents results from the Collaborative Computational Project in Wave Structure Interaction (CCP-WSI) Blind Test Series 2. Without prior access to the physical data, participants, with numerical methods ranging from low-fidelity linear models to fully non-linear Navier–Stokes (NS) solvers, simulate the interaction between focused wave events and two separate, taut-moored, floating structures: a hemispherical-bottomed cylinder and a cylinder with a moonpool. The ‘blind’ numerical predictions for heave, surge, pitch and mooring load, are compared against physical measurements. Dynamic time warping is used to quantify the predictive capability of participating methods. In general, NS solvers and hybrid methods give more accurate predictions; however, heave amplitude is predicted reasonably well by all methods; and a WEC-Sim implementation, with CFD-informed viscous terms, demonstrates comparable predictive capability to even the stronger NS solvers. Large variations in the solutions are observed (even among similar methods), highlighting a need for standardisation in the numerical modelling of WSI problems.
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- 2021
10. Assessment of added resistance estimates based on monitoring data from a fleet of container vessels
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Malte Mittendorf, Ulrik Dam Nielsen, Harry B. Bingham, and Jesper Dietz
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Parametric wave spectrum ,Environmental Engineering ,Metocean hindcast data ,Added resistance ,Ocean Engineering ,Resistance decomposition ,Spectral calculation ,Fleet performance data - Abstract
A practical estimation methodology of the mean added resistance in irregular waves is shown, and the present paper provides statistical analyses of estimates for ships in actual conditions. The study merges telemetry data of more than 200 in-service container vessels with ocean re-analysis data from ERA5. Theoretical estimates relying on spectral calculations of added resistance are made for both long- and short-crested waves and are based on a combination of a parametric expression for the wave spectrum and a semi-empirical formula for the added resistance transfer function. The theoretical estimates are compared to predictions from an indirect calculation of added resistance relying on shaft power measurements and empirical estimates of the remaining resistance components. Overall, the comparison reveals a bias in bow oblique waves and higher sea states of the spectral estimates as well as the large variance of the empirically derived predictions — particularly in beam-to-following waves. One of the study’s main findings, confirming previous studies but based on a much larger dataset than in earlier similar studies, is that added resistance assessment based on in-service data is complex due to significant associated uncertainties.
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- 2023
11. A Framework for Pediatric Intensivists Providing Compassionate Extubation at Home*
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Rima J. Jarrah, Alan G. Woodruff, Andora L. Bass, Sarah B. Bingham, and Savithri Nageswaran
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Critically ill ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Checklist ,Death ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Resource (project management) ,030225 pediatrics ,Service (economics) ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Airway Extubation ,medicine ,Humans ,Resource management ,Medical emergency ,Empathy ,Child ,business ,media_common - Abstract
For families facing end-of-life decisions for their critically ill children, compassionate extubation at home is a valuable service that pediatric intensivists can provide. Compassionate extubation at home is resource intensive and can be logistically challenging. Discouragingly, guidance on compassionate extubation at home in the literature is limited. We developed an evidence- and experience-based framework for compassionate extubation at home addressing common planning challenges and resource management. Our objective is to share this framework and an accompanying checklist, so that pediatric intensivists in other institutions can adapt these tools for their use, reducing barriers to providing compassionate extubation at home for critically ill children at the end of life.
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- 2021
12. Not in the Same Vein: Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Malignancy, and Enterocolic Lymphocytic Phlebitis
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David R. Braxton, David B. Bingham, Orly N Farber, Andrew A. Shelton, Nielsen Fernandez-Becker, Christopher Lee, Alexa R Weingarden, Cindy Kin, Gregory J. Scott, and Daniel Goff
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Physiology ,business.industry ,Gastroenterology ,Hepatology ,Malignancy ,medicine.disease ,Inflammatory bowel disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Transplant surgery ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Vein ,business - Published
- 2020
13. Basismaßnahmen und erweiterte Maßnahmen zur Wiederbelebung von Kindern
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Ian Maconochie, Torsten Lauritsen, N. M. Turner, Patrick Van de Voorde, Florian Hoffmann, Koen Monsieurs, N. De Lucas, Dominique Biarent, Jana Djakow, B. Bingham, O. Brissaud, and Abel Martinez
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business.industry ,Emergency Medicine ,medicine ,Medical emergency ,medicine.disease ,business - Published
- 2020
14. Wave Glider–Enhanced Vertical Seafloor Geodesy
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B. Bingham, James Foster, and T. L. Ericksen
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Atmospheric Science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Glider ,Ocean Engineering ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,Geodesy ,01 natural sciences ,Geology ,Seafloor spreading ,Sea level ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
We have developed a low-cost approach for accurately measuring short-term vertical motions of the seafloor and maintaining a continuous long-term record of seafloor pressure without the requirement for costly ship time. We equipped the University of Hawai‘i Liquid Robotics Wave Glider with an integrated acoustic telemetry package, a dual-frequency geodetic-grade global positioning system (GPS) receiver, meteorological pressure sensor, processing unit, and cellular communications. The Wave Glider interrogates high accuracy pressure sensors on the seafloor to retrieve their pressure and temperature data. We correct the seafloor pressure measurements using sea surface kinematic GPS location and atmospheric pressure data collected by the Wave Glider payload. By combining the concurrent seafloor and sea surface observations, we demonstrate the capability to provide timely, continuous, and high-accuracy estimation and monitoring of centimeter-scale vertical seafloor motions.
- Published
- 2020
15. Gut Dysthymia: Paraneoplastic Chronic Watery Diarrhea
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David B. Bingham, Jason V Scapa, Mike T. Wei, and George Triadafilopoulos
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Adult ,Diarrhea ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Thymoma ,Paraneoplastic Syndromes ,Physiology ,business.industry ,Gastroenterology ,Thymus Neoplasms ,Hepatology ,Transplant surgery ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Female ,Watery diarrhea ,business - Published
- 2020
16. Productive Tensions
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Christopher B. Bingham and Rory M. McDonald
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- 2022
17. Affective commitment, trust, and the psychological contract: contributions matter, too!
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Lisa Schurer Lambert, John B. Bingham, and Anna Maria Zabinski
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Receipt ,Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management ,05 social sciences ,Employment relationship ,050109 social psychology ,Organizational commitment ,Psychological contract ,Social exchange theory ,0502 economics and business ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,health care economics and organizations ,050203 business & management ,Applied Psychology - Abstract
Employees’ receipt of inducements is associated with trust and affective commitment, and employees pay for their inducements with their contributions (e.g., time, and physical and intellectual effo...
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- 2019
18. Reply to 'Risk Factors and Recommendations for Follow-Up of Gallbladder Polyps'
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Andrew J. Walsh, David B. Bingham, and Aya Kamaya
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Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,General Medicine - Published
- 2022
19. Numerical simulation of vortex-induced vibrations of inclined flexible risers subjected to uniform current
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Yuqi Wang, Zhanbiao Zhang, Harry B. Bingham, and Fuyou Xu
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Ocean Engineering - Published
- 2022
20. Longitudinal Ultrasound Assessment of Changes in Size and Number of Incidentally Detected Gallbladder Polyps
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David B. Bingham, Andrew J Walsh, and Aya Kamaya
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Gallbladder Diseases ,Polyps ,Gallbladder polyp ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Carcinoma ,Medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,In patient ,Retrospective Studies ,Ultrasonography ,Incidental Findings ,business.industry ,Gallbladder ,Ultrasound ,Retrospective cohort study ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,digestive system diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,Cholecystectomy ,Female ,Radiology ,business - Abstract
Background: Recent European multisociety guidelines recommend routine follow-up imaging of gallbladder polyps (including polyps
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- 2021
21. Simple rules for a world of change: Reflections on 'turning a process into a capability'
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Nathan Furr, Kathleen M. Eisenhardt, and Christopher B. Bingham
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Economics and Econometrics ,Computer science ,Simple (abstract algebra) ,Strategy and Management ,Process (computing) ,Control engineering ,Business and International Management - Published
- 2020
22. Sea state identification using machine learning—A comparative study based on in-service data from a container vessel
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Malte Mittendorf, Ulrik Dam Nielsen, Harry B. Bingham, and Gaute Storhaug
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Multi-task learning ,Mechanics of Materials ,Sensor data ,Mechanical Engineering ,Sea state estimation ,Wave radar ,Deep learning ,Ocean Engineering ,General Materials Science ,Wave buoy analogy - Abstract
This paper is concerned with a machine learning-based approach for sea state estimation using the wave buoy analogy. In-situ sensor data of an advancing medium-size container vessel has been utilized for the prediction of integral sea state parameters. The main novelty of this contribution is the rigorous comparison of time and frequency domain models in terms of accuracy, robustness and computational cost. The frequency domain model is trained on sequences of spectral ordinates derived from cross response spectra, while the time domain model is applied to 5-minute time series of ship responses. Multiple deep neural networks were trained and the sensitivity of individual sensor recordings, sample length, and frequency discretization on estimation accuracy was analysed. An Inception Architecture adapted for sequential data yields the highest out of sample performance in both considered domains. Additionally, multi-task learning was employed, as it is known for increased generalization capability and diminished uncertainty. Overall, it was found that the frequency domain method provides both superior performance and significantly less computational effort for training.
- Published
- 2022
23. Comparison of Two Versions of the Mnls With the Full Water Wave Equations
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Harry B. Bingham, Tianning Tang, Thomas A. A. Adcock, and Ye Li
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Physics ,symbols.namesake ,symbols ,Mechanics ,Engineering simulation ,Schrödinger equation ,Leakage (electronics) - Abstract
Versions of the non-linear Schrödinger equation are frequently used for modelling the non-linear propagation of water waves. In this paper, we compare two models against the results of fully non-linear numerical simulations. We consider uni-directional versions of the non-linear Schrödinger equation of Dysthe et al. with the hybrid model of Trulsen et al. The model of Trulsen et al. is shown to have clear advantages in all situations considered including modelling wave crest statistics for highly non-linear cases. However, for very broad bandwidths this model does start to break down, presumably due to the inherent limitation of the envelope representation of water waves. This in turn leads to a small, non-physical, leakage of energy in nonlinear simulations, although, this leakage is much smaller than for the version with 5th order linear dispersion relationship.
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- 2021
24. Linearization of the Wave Spectrum: A Comparison of Methods
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Thomas Adcock, Ton Van Den Bremer, Paul Taylor, Harry B. Bingham, and Dylan Barratt
- Published
- 2021
25. Employment Arbitration: The Repeat Player Effect
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Lisa B. Bingham and Lisa Blomgren Amsler
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This article addresses employment arbitration, which is emerging as a controversial method for resolving disputes between employers and employees not represented by a union. Employment arbitration holds great promise as a dispute resolution process for employees who otherwise would never have a hearing on their claims against an employer. However, critics argue that mandatory arbitration is a new corporate tool used to advantage by large companies against consumers, employees, and other “little guys.” In particular, critics caution that in the absence of a union, the process is skewed against the employee, particularly the unrepresented employee. Some have expressed concern that, as institutional repeat players who will use the arbitration process for multiple cases, employers have an advantage over employees, who are unlikely to use it more than once or twice in their lifetimes. The article determines whether there is a measurable repeat player effect, examines possible explanations for its existence, and identifies policy issues for employment arbitration that are raised by the effect.
- Published
- 2021
26. Evaluation of early sonographic predictors of gangrenous cholecystitis: mucosal discontinuity and echogenic pericholecystic fat
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Justin R, Tse, Rebecca, Gologorsky, Luyao, Shen, David B, Bingham, R Brooke, Jeffrey, and Aya, Kamaya
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Male ,Mucous Membrane ,Acute Disease ,Cholecystitis, Acute ,Cholecystitis ,Humans ,Female ,Retrospective Studies ,Ultrasonography - Abstract
To identify early sonographic features of gangrenous cholecystitis.101 patients with acute cholecystitis and a pre-operative sonogram were retrospectively reviewed by three radiologists in this IRB-approved and HIPAA-compliant study. Imaging data were correlated with histologic findings and compared using the Fisher's exact test or Student t test with p 0.05 to determine statistical significance.Forty-eight patients had gangrenous cholecystitis and 53 had non-gangrenous acute cholecystitis. Patients with gangrenous cholecystitis tended to be older (67 ± 17 vs 48 ± 18 years; p = 0.0001), male (ratio of male:female 2:1 vs 0.6:1; p = 0.005), tachycardic (60% vs 28%; p = 0.001), and diabetic (25% vs 8%; p = 0.001). Median time between pre-operative sonogram and surgery was 1 day. On imaging, patients with gangrenous cholecystitis were more likely to have echogenic pericholecystic fat (p = 0.001), mucosal discontinuity (p = 0.010), and frank perforation (p = 0.004), while no statistically significant differences were seen in the presence of sloughed mucosa (p = 0.104), pericholecystic fluid (p = 0.523) or wall striations (p = 0.839). In patients with gangrenous cholecystitis and echogenic pericholecystic fat, a smaller subset had concurrent mucosal discontinuity (57%), and a smaller subset of those had concurrent frank perforation (58%). The positive likelihood ratios for gangrenous cholecystitis with echogenic fat and mucosal discontinuity were 4.6 (95% confidence interval 1.9-11.3) and 14.4 (2.0-106), respectively.Echogenic pericholecystic fat and mucosal discontinuity are early sonographic findings that may help identify gangrenous cholecystitis prior to late findings of frank perforation.
- Published
- 2021
27. Capability creation: Heuristics as microfoundations
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Timothy E. Ott, Christopher B. Bingham, and Travis Howell
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Economics and Econometrics ,Management science ,Computer science ,Strategy and Management ,Business and International Management ,Heuristics ,Microfoundations - Published
- 2019
28. How much do top management teams matter in founder‐led firms?
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Christopher B. Bingham, Travis Howell, and Bradley E. Hendricks
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Entrepreneurship ,050208 finance ,Team Structure ,Strategy and Management ,05 social sciences ,Public firm ,Skills management ,Upper echelons ,0502 economics and business ,Top management ,Business ,Business and International Management ,Marketing ,050203 business & management ,Intuition - Abstract
Research Summary As firms mature, their founders are often replaced with seasoned executives. When founders are retained, the surrounding top management team (TMT) members are viewed as critical resources in helping compensate for the founder's managerial deficiencies. Surprisingly, however, little is known about how TMT members affect a founder‐led firm's performance later in a firm's life. Using novel methods and a sample of over 2,000 firms, we address this gap. We find that although team structure has a significant impact on the performance of nonfounder‐led firms (consistent with past literature), it has little to no effect on the operating performance of founder‐led firms, suggesting that founder chief executive officers (CEOs) may exert too much control. Thus, the irony is that founders are retained to propel progress but their very retention may prevent progress. Taken together, our findings add to the entrepreneurship, team, and research methods literatures. Managerial Summary Although founders have the entrepreneurial skills to successfully grow a startup, they generally lack the managerial skills required to lead a large, public firm. As a result, many founder CEOs are replaced before a firm goes public. When founders do stay as CEO, the prevailing belief is that they require a strong TMT to help compensate for the founder's managerial deficiencies. However, given founders' desire to retain control, there is a question of whether they will rely on that team, or if they will simply continue to follow their own intuition. We find evidence that founder CEOs are much less likely to listen to and benefit from their teams relative to nonfounder CEOs.
- Published
- 2019
29. Pseudo-impulsive solutions of the forward-speed diffraction problem using a high-order finite-difference method
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Harry B. Bingham and Mostafa Amini-Afshar
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Finite difference ,Physics ,Diffraction ,Mathematical analysis ,Fast Fourier transform ,Finite difference method ,020101 civil engineering ,Ocean Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Wave forces ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,0201 civil engineering ,symbols.namesake ,Fourier transform ,Diffraction problem ,Frequency domain ,0103 physical sciences ,symbols ,Forward speed ,Cylinder ,Potential flow ,Following seas ,Overlapping grids - Abstract
This paper considers pseudo-impulsive numerical solutions to the forward-speed diffraction problem, as derived from classical linearized potential flow theory. Both head- and following-seas cases are treated. Fourth-order finite-difference approximations are applied on overlapping, boundary-fitted grids to obtain solutions using both the Neumann-Kelvin and the double-body flow linearizations of the problem. A method for computing the pseudo-impulsive incident wave forcing in finite water depth using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is presented. The pseudo-impulsive scattering solution is then Fourier transformed into the frequency domain to obtain the wave excitation forces and the body motion response. The calculations are validated against reference solutions for a submerged circular cylinder and a submerged sphere. Calculations are also made for a modern bulk carrier, showing good agreement with experimental measurements.
- Published
- 2018
30. Echinoderms as hosts for anthozoans in the deep-sea
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S. K. Bronsdon, B. Bingham, Craig M. Young, and E. A. Tyler
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Oceanography ,Deep sea ,Geology - Published
- 2020
31. Numerical research on the interaction of multi-directional random waves with an offshore wind turbine foundation
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Xinran Ji, Li Zou, Zhiwen Yang, Daoru Wang, and Harry B. Bingham
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Environmental Engineering ,Ocean Engineering - Published
- 2022
32. Linearization of the Wave Spectrum: A Comparison of Methods
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Harry B. Bingham, Dylan Barratt, Thomas A. A. Adcock, Paul H. Taylor, and Ton S. van den Bremer
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Physics ,symbols.namesake ,Fourier transform ,Linearization ,Mathematical analysis ,Spectrum (functional analysis) ,Fast Fourier transform ,symbols ,Engineering simulation - Abstract
The relative contributions of free waves and bound waves to the formation of an extreme wave event remains a topic of interest in offshore engineering. A variety of methods have been proposed for identifying and removing the bound wave components. The method of “phase separation” or “phase manipulation” repeats simulations/experiments of a wave field with an offset in the initial phase of the wave components and relies upon summation of the resulting wave fields to isolate the bound harmonics, following from a Stokes expansion in steepness; the method has proven effective in isolating bound harmonics but requires that all cases be repeated. Alternatively, the bound harmonics can be removed using a three-dimensional fast Fourier transform (3D-FFT) of the wave field. However, the Fourier transform requires periodicity in the signal and assumes homogeneity in space and stationarity in time, producing spurious modes otherwise. We compare the phase separation and 3D-FFT approaches for a steep, focusing wave group in deep water using the numerical simulation tool, OceanWave3D, and discuss the effectiveness of both methods.
- Published
- 2020
33. Molecular biology of growth
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William R. Baumbach, J R Zysk, and B Bingham
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Computational biology ,Biology - Published
- 2020
34. Evaluation of the Robot Operating System 2 in Lossy Unmanned Networks
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B. Bingham, Z. Chen, Preetha Thulasiraman, B. Allen, Cyber Academic Group, and Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
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business.industry ,Computer science ,Quality of service ,cyber security ,ROS ,Lossy compression ,Network simulation ,Open source ,autonomous systems ,Wireless ,UAV swarms ,Network performance ,Latency (engineering) ,Robot operating system ,business ,Computer network - Abstract
2020 IEEE International Systems Communications Conference (SYSCON) The Robot Operating System 2 (ROS 2) is an open source middleware used for robotic applications. ROS 2 provides extensive security enhancements and quality of service (QoS) profiles not available in ROS 1. This paper studies the performance of ROS 2 in a small network of nodes, similar to how a group of unmanned assets would operate. Specifically, we analyze ROS 2 under varying QoS and security constraints in a wireless, lossy environment. This is the first work to comprehensively study ROS 2 network performance using QoS and security classification as a function of network scale in an environment that uses Wi-Fi communications. We custom build a simulation architecture that integrates ROS 2 with NS-3, an open source network simulator. Network performance metrics include latency and message drop rate. We show that enabling security results in a higher message drop rate across all QoS profiles. We also show that scaling the network to more nodes results in various consequences with the use of different QoS settings, including an increase in the average latency of messages. We also highlight some of the limitations there were observed with NS-3 and ROS 2. This work was funded and sponsored by the Office of Naval Research via the Consortium for Robotics and Unmanned Systems Education and Research (CRUSER) at NPS.
- Published
- 2020
35. Performance Study of the Robot Operating System 2 with QoS and Cyber Security Settings
- Author
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B. Allen, J. Fernandez, Preetha Thulasiraman, B. Bingham, Cyber Academic Group, and Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
- Subjects
Computer science ,Quality of service ,cyber security ,Data Distribution Service ,Plaintext ,ROS ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,Data flow diagram ,Data point ,autonomous systems ,Robot ,UAV swarms ,Latency (engineering) ,computer ,Data transmission - Abstract
2020 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon) Throughout the Department of Defense, there are ongoing efforts to increase cybersecurity and improve data transfer in unmanned robotic systems (UxS). This paper explores the performance of the Robot Operating System (ROS) 2, which is built with the Data Distribution Service (DDS) standard as a middleware. Based on how quality of service (QoS) parameters are defined in the robotic middleware interface, it is possible to implement strict delivery requirements to different nodes on a dynamic nodal network with multiple unmanned systems con- nected. Through this research, different scenarios with varying QoS settings were implemented and compared to baseline values to help illustrate the impact of latency and throughput on data flow. DDS security settings were also enabled to help understand the cost of overhead and performance when secured data is compared to plaintext baseline values. Our experiments were performed using a basic ROS 2 network consisting of two nodes (one publisher and one subscriber). Our experiments showed a measurable latency and throughput change between different QoS profiles and security settings. We analyze the trends and tradeoffs associated with varying QoS and security settings. This paper provides performance data points that can be used to help future researchers and developers make informative choices when using ROS 2 for UxS. This work was funded and sponsored by the Office of Naval Research via the Consortium for Robotics and Unmanned Systems Education and Research (CRUSER) at NPS.
- Published
- 2020
36. The Role of Accelerator Designs in Mitigating Bounded Rationality in New Ventures
- Author
-
Susan L. Cohen, Benjamin L. Hallen, and Christopher B. Bingham
- Subjects
Entrepreneurship ,050402 sociology ,0504 sociology ,Public Administration ,Sociology and Political Science ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,0502 economics and business ,05 social sciences ,New Ventures ,Business ,050203 business & management ,Industrial organization ,Bounded rationality - Abstract
Using a nested multiple-case study of participating ventures, directors, and mentors of eight of the original U.S. accelerators, we explore how accelerators’ program designs influence new ventures’ ability to access, interpret, and process the external information needed to survive and grow. Through our inductive process, we illuminate the bounded-rationality challenges that may plague all ventures and entrepreneurs—not just those in accelerators—and identify the particular organizational designs that accelerators use to help address these challenges, which left unabated can result in suboptimal performance or even venture failure. Our analysis revealed three key design choices made by accelerators—(1) whether to space out or concentrate consultations with mentors and customers, (2) whether to foster privacy or transparency between peer ventures participating in the same program, and (3) whether to tailor or standardize the program for each venture—and suggests a particular set of choices is associated with improved venture development. Collectively, our findings provide evidence that bounded rationality challenges new ventures differently than it does established firms. We find that entrepreneurs appear to systematically satisfice prematurely across many decisions and thus broadly benefit from increasing the amount of external information searched, often by reigniting search for problems that they already view as solved. Our study also contributes to research on organizational sponsors by revealing practices that help or hinder new venture development and to emerging research on the lean start-up methodology by suggesting that startups benefit from engaging in deep consultative learning prior to experimentation.
- Published
- 2018
37. An experimental and numerical study of floating breakwaters
- Author
-
Andreas Peter Skou Friis, Karsten Lindegaard Jensen, Harry B. Bingham, Erik Damgaard Christensen, and Alexander Kruse Larsen
- Subjects
Diffraction ,Environmental Engineering ,Wing ,Floating breakwater ,Rubble mound breakwaters ,business.industry ,020101 civil engineering ,Ocean Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Structural engineering ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,0201 civil engineering ,Vortex ,Porous breakwater ,Cross section (physics) ,Breakwater ,0103 physical sciences ,Reflection (physics) ,Transmission ,Reflection and dissipation of waves ,business ,Porous medium ,Geology - Abstract
Breakwaters are used to provide sheltered areas for loading and unloading of ships, and coastal protection. Often the breakwaters are bottom mounted such as rubble mound breakwaters. However, there can be several advantages to use a Floating Breakwater (FB). Therefore, the objective of this paper is to study the effect of two different damping mechanisms of a floating breakwater. Three basic cross-sections of FBs were tested and analysed in 2D; a regular pontoon (RG), a regular pontoon with wing plates attached (WP), and a regular pontoon with wing plates and porous media attached to the sides (WP P100). The damping of the FB motions was due to wave radiation and viscous damping. The viscous damping originated mainly from vortex generation around the edges of the structure and due to energy loss inside the porous material attached to the vertical sides of the floating breakwater. Attaching wing plates to the floating breakwater significantly reduced the motion, which was also anticipated. When the porous sides were attached the motion of the FB increased compared to the (WP) cross-section, but the wave transmission was reduced. The possibility for incorporating the effect of the damping in the radiation/diffraction code WAMIT was assessed. The study showed that the cross section with wing plates reduced the motions of the breakwater to the largest extend, while the cross section with wing plates and porous media attached to the sides reduced the reflection and transmission most effectively.
- Published
- 2018
38. Measurements of Water-Wave Cloaking by an Array of Circular Cylinders
- Author
-
Robert Read, Harry B. Bingham, and John Nicholas Newman
- Subjects
Diffraction ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Cloaking ,020101 civil engineering ,Ocean Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,0201 civil engineering ,Optics ,0103 physical sciences ,business ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Published
- 2018
39. Systematic review of benefits or harms of routine anaesthetist-inserted throat packs in adults: practice recommendations for inserting and counting throat packs
- Author
-
A. Banerjee, B. Bingham, A. Higgs, M. S. Dover, Anil Kumar Patel, B. McGuire, P. A. Brennan, Jaideep J. Pandit, and Vassilis Athanassoglou
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Evidence-based practice ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,General surgery ,Airway obstruction ,medicine.disease ,Never events ,03 medical and health sciences ,Patient safety ,0302 clinical medicine ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Otorhinolaryngology ,030202 anesthesiology ,Throat ,Oral and maxillofacial surgery ,Medicine ,Airway management ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,business - Abstract
Throat packs are commonly inserted by anaesthetists after induction of anaesthesia for dental, maxillofacial, nasal or upper airway surgery. However, the evidence supporting this practice as routine is unclear, especially in the light of accidentally retained throat packs which constitute 'Never Events' as defined by NHS England. On behalf of three relevant national organisations, we therefore conducted a systematic review and literature search to assess the evidence base for benefit, and also the extent and severity of complications associated with throat pack use. Other than descriptions of how to insert throat packs in many standard texts, we could find no study that sought to assess the benefit of their insertion by anaesthetists. Instead, there were many reports of minor and major complications (the latter including serious postoperative airway obstruction and at least one death), and many descriptions of how to avoid complications. As a result of these findings, the three national organisations no longer recommend the routine insertion of throat packs by anaesthetists but advise caution and careful consideration. Two protocols for pack insertion are presented, should their use be judged necessary.
- Published
- 2018
40. Ruptured Oncocytic Intraductal Papillary Neoplasm: Think Beyond the Pancreas
- Author
-
Christopher W. Jensen, David B. Bingham, Brendan C. Visser, David J. Worhunsky, and George Triadafilopoulos
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Physiology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Treatment outcome ,MEDLINE ,Transplant surgery ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Hepatectomy ,Humans ,Intraductal Papillary Neoplasm ,Aged ,Rupture, Spontaneous ,business.industry ,General surgery ,Liver Neoplasms ,Gastroenterology ,Hepatology ,Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ,Treatment Outcome ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Bile Duct Neoplasms ,Female ,Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous ,Pancreas ,business ,Precancerous Conditions - Published
- 2019
41. Superior Strategy in Entrepreneurial Settings: Thinking, Doing, and the Logic of Opportunity
- Author
-
Kathleen M. Eisenhardt and Christopher B. Bingham
- Subjects
Entrepreneurship ,050208 finance ,Knowledge management ,business.industry ,Strategy and Management ,High velocity ,05 social sciences ,Management Science and Operations Research ,Edge of chaos ,Leverage (negotiation) ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,0502 economics and business ,Organizational learning ,Business and International Management ,business ,050203 business & management - Abstract
Our purpose is to develop a perspective on how executives form superior strategies in entrepreneurial settings. Understanding how executives achieve such strategies is theoretically intriguing because it pushes beyond the boundary conditions of the traditional strategic logics of position and leverage to the less-understood opportunity logic where advantage is precarious and often short-lived. Understanding how executives form superior strategies in entrepreneurial settings is also practically relevant. Strategically successful firms in these settings like Apple, Facebook, and Dropbox are primary motors for economic growth, but their strategists are challenged by the “high velocity” of their markets and opportunities. Our perspective combines two intertwined themes: (1) broad view of the strategic playing field enabling better visibility and understanding of opportunities (thinking) and (2) action within structures organized at the “edge of chaos” enabling flexible yet efficient capture of opportunities (doing). We describe these themes and opportunity logic and then contrast them with traditional strategic logics like positioning and resource leverage.
- Published
- 2017
42. Strategy Formation in Entrepreneurial Settings: Past Insights and Future Directions
- Author
-
Christopher B. Bingham, Kathleen M. Eisenhardt, and Timothy E. Ott
- Subjects
Value (ethics) ,Economics and Econometrics ,050208 finance ,Knowledge management ,business.industry ,Process (engineering) ,Strategy and Management ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Cognition ,Competitive advantage ,Interdependence ,Empirical research ,Work (electrical) ,0502 economics and business ,Strategic management ,Sociology ,Business and International Management ,Marketing ,business ,050203 business & management ,media_common - Abstract
Research summary Examining the strategy formation process is central to understanding why some firms in entrepreneurial settings create competitive advantage and succeed while others do not. The strategy formation process, however, remains unclear. While existing work shows the value of learning from experience or having a holistic understanding of how the pieces fit together, there is limited empirical research that fuses the two streams. We first review the extant literature on strategy formation in entrepreneurial settings by organizing around this fundamental tension between strategizing by “doing” versus “thinking.” We then describe recent work that blends the two and conclude with a future research agenda. Managerial summary An effective strategy can be the difference between becoming the next Google or Netflix or floundering as an also-ran. But how should executives in entrepreneurial settings form strategy? Are they better off letting strategy emerge incrementally by learning from experience? Or should they create a holistic understanding of the interdependent activities that constitute strategy with cognitive structures like mental models and analogies? Here, we indicate the extant research findings on strategy formation in entrepreneurial settings for each of these approaches. We also discuss the new research on how they can be effectively combined and outline an agenda for future research to help executives improve their strategy formation process. Copyright © 2017 Strategic Management Society
- Published
- 2017
43. The influence of fully nonlinear wave forces on aero-hydro-elastic calculations of monopile wind turbines
- Author
-
Harry B. Bingham, Signe Schløer, and Henrik Bredmose
- Subjects
Engineering ,Wind power ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,020101 civil engineering ,Ocean Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Structural engineering ,Aeroelasticity ,01 natural sciences ,Turbine ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,0201 civil engineering ,Wave model ,Nonlinear system ,Offshore wind power ,Airy wave theory ,Mechanics of Materials ,0103 physical sciences ,General Materials Science ,Potential flow ,business - Abstract
The response of an offshore wind turbine tower and its monopile foundation has been investigated when exposed to linear and fully nonlinear irregular waves on four different water depths. The investigation focuses on the consequences of including full nonlinearity in the wave kinematics. The linear and nonlinear irregular wave realizations are calculated using the fully nonlinear potential flow wave model OceanWave3D [1]. The linear and nonlinear wave realizations are compared using both a static analysis on a fixed monopile and dynamic calculations with the aeroelastic code Flex5 [2]. The conclusion from this analysis is that linear wave theory is generally sufficient for estimating the fatigue loading, but wave nonlinearity is important in determining the ultimate design loads.
- Published
- 2016
44. Gap Resonance of Fixed Floating Multi Caissons
- Author
-
Harry B. Bingham, Guanghua He, Yanlin Shao, and Limin Chen
- Subjects
Physics ,Wave force ,Viscous flow ,Caisson ,Resonance ,Mechanics ,Interpolation - Abstract
Generally, numerous marine and offshore structures are composed of a number of modules which introduce narrow gaps between the multi-modules arranged side by side. The interaction between water waves and floating structures excites complex wave runup in the gaps and wave forces on the adjacent modules. In this study, free surface oscillations in twin narrow gaps between identical floating rectangular boxes are investigated by establishing a 2D viscous flow numerical wave tank based on a Constrained Interpolation Profile (CIP) method. The Tangent of Hyperbola for INterface Capturing (THINC) method is employed to capture the free surface. The rigid floating bodies are treated by a Virtual Particle Method (VPM). The incident waves are generated by an internal wave maker. For the fixed module cases, the computational results of wave height in narrow gaps are found in good coincidence with the available experimental measurements, especially for the resonant frequencies. The wave forces on the floating bodies are calculated numerically. The characteristic response of wave forces on the leading and rear bodies are consistent with the free surface elevations in the corresponding narrow gaps. With shallow draft, the gap resonance occurs at higher wave number.
- Published
- 2019
45. Inversion of Non-Linear Quantities Derived from Potential Fields
- Author
-
Harry B. Bingham, Mahmoud Ahmed Abbas, Maurizio Fedi, and Valeria Paoletti
- Subjects
Nonlinear system ,Mathematical analysis ,Inversion (meteorology) ,Geology - Published
- 2019
46. A generalized second-order 3D theory for coupling multidirectional wave propagation from a numerical model to a physical model. Part I: Derivation, implementation and model verification
- Author
-
Zhiwen Yang, Xinran Ji, Huaqing Zhang, Harry B. Bingham, Mingxiao Xie, and Shuxue Liu
- Subjects
Coupling ,Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Series (mathematics) ,Discretization ,010505 oceanography ,Computer science ,Wave propagation ,Mathematical analysis ,Lagrange polynomial ,Ocean Engineering ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Piston ,Nonlinear system ,symbols.namesake ,law ,Temporal resolution ,symbols ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Numerical and physical modeling are the two main tools available for predicting the influence of water waves on coastal or offshore structures. Both models have their strengths and weaknesses. An integrated use of numerical and physical modeling which exploits their advantages can provide an optimal description of full-scale, realistic engineering problems. In this series of two papers, we report on a generalized three-dimensional (3D) deterministic coupling theory for multidirectional nonlinear wave propagation from a numerical model to a physical model up to second order. In this work, the second-order coupling theory developed by [Z. Yang, S. Liu, H.B. Bingham and J. Li, 2014a. Second-order coupling of numerical and physical wave tanks for 2D irregular waves. Part I Formulation, implementation and numerical properties. Coast. Eng. 92, 48–60] and the ad hoc unified wave generation theory developed by [H. Zhang, H.A., Schaffer, K.P., Jakobsen, 2007. Deterministic combination of numerical and physical coastal wave models. Coast. Eng. 54, 171–186.] have been extended to include the coupling between multidirectional nonlinear waves. In part I of this article series, the full second-order 3D coupling theory for multidirectional nonlinear waves is been described in detail. A novel generalized fully-nonlinear motion boundary equation has been derived, which allows the interface between the numerical and physical wave domains to be a 3D arbitrarily shaped wavemaker system. The corresponding 3D wave coupling equation is given for I-, L-, and O-shaped wavemaker layouts. The new formulation is presented in a unified form for an arbitrarily shaped layout of planar wavemakers, and covers both hinged and piston wavemaker types. For the second-order dispersive correction of the paddle stroke, the super-harmonic and sub-harmonic wave-wave interactions have been taken into account. For practical implementation, a typical discretization method for the 3D coupling equations is derived by considering the case of the I-shaped piston wavemaker. The new 3D coupling equations are solved by a combined five-point Lagrange interpolation and the fourth-order Runge–Kutta scheme. Numerical evaluations of the implementation have been conducted by considering a theoretical second-order unidirectional wave field over a range of spatial and time resolutions. The results thus obtained indicate that the proposed discretization scheme is accurate and effective. In addition, the precision of the discrete scheme is observed to be closely related to the spatial and temporal resolution. A separate experimental validation of the theory is presented in Part II.
- Published
- 2021
47. Ocean Energy Systems Wave Energy Modeling Task 10.4: Numerical Modeling of a Fixed Oscillating Water Column
- Author
-
Hafiz Ahsan Said, Thanh Toan Tran, Edward Ransley, Keyyong Hong, Sewan Park, Kim Dremstrup Nielsen, Harry B. Bingham, Deborah Greaves, SA Brown, Kyong Hwan Kim, Thomas Kelly, Yi Hsiang Yu, John V. Ringwood, and Robert Read
- Subjects
Control and Optimization ,Experimental measurements ,Wave energy ,020209 energy ,Oscillating Water Column ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,computational fluid dynamics ,02 engineering and technology ,Computational fluid dynamics ,lcsh:Technology ,boundary element method ,Numerical modeling ,Marine energy ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Boundary element method ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,lcsh:T ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,wave energy ,experimental measurements ,numerical modeling ,simulation ,Orifice plate ,Mechanics ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Free surface ,Compressibility ,Environmental science ,Potential flow ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Simulation ,Body orifice ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
This paper reports on an ongoing international effort to establish guidelines for numerical modeling of wave energy converters, initiated by the International Energy Agency Technology Collaboration Program for Ocean Energy Systems. Initial results for point absorbers were presented in previous work, and here we present results for a breakwater-mounted Oscillating Water Column (OWC) device. The experimental model is at scale 1:4 relative to a full-scale installation in a water depth of 12.8 m. The power-extracting air turbine is modeled by an orifice plate of 1–2% of the internal chamber surface area. Measurements of chamber surface elevation, air flow through the orifice, and pressure difference across the orifice are compared with numerical calculations using both weakly-nonlinear potential flow theory and computational fluid dynamics. Both compressible- and incompressible-flow models are considered, and the effects of air compressibility are found to have a significant influence on the motion of the internal chamber surface. Recommendations are made for reducing uncertainties in future experimental campaigns, which are critical to enable firm conclusions to be drawn about the relative accuracy of the numerical models. It is well-known that boundary element method solutions of the linear potential flow problem (e.g., WAMIT) are singular at infinite frequency when panels are placed directly on the free surface. This is problematic for time-domain solutions where the value of the added mass matrix at infinite frequency is critical, especially for OWC chambers, which are modeled by zero-mass elements on the free surface. A straightforward rational procedure is described to replace ad-hoc solutions to this problem that have been proposed in the literature.
- Published
- 2021
48. Nonlinear wave generation using a heaving wedge
- Author
-
Robert Read, Allan Peter Engsig-Karup, Jacob B. H. Hicks, and Harry B. Bingham
- Subjects
Physics ,Acoustics ,020101 civil engineering ,Ocean Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Solver ,01 natural sciences ,Wedge (geometry) ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,0201 civil engineering ,Nonlinear system ,0103 physical sciences ,Stream function ,Reflection (physics) ,Harmonic ,Wavenumber ,Potential flow - Abstract
This paper investigates the optimization of second-order control signals required to produce stable non-linear, deep-water waves using a wedge-shaped, plunger-type wave generator. Both numerical and experimental methods are utilized. A fully non-linear and dispersive potential flow (FNPF) solver developed at DTU is used for the numerical work, following improvements that reduce reflection to 1%. The numerical solver is validated against theoretical and experimental data. A defect correction optimization scheme is employed, resulting in optimized control signals for non-dimensional wave numbers of 2.04-8.17 and steepness of 3-7%. These control signals produce waves that are within 2% of stream function theory solutions for the fundamental harmonic component, and within 10% for the second-order harmonic component. The results demonstrate both the applicability of this optimization procedure and the suitability of a heaving wedge for generating stable non-linear deep-water waves.
- Published
- 2021
49. Structural and chemical changes from CO2 exposure to self-healing polymer cement composites for geothermal wellbores
- Author
-
Yu-chen Karen Chen-Wiegart, Simerjeet K. Gill, Lynne Ecker, Nicolas J. Huerta, Kenton A. Rod, Garth J. Williams, Tamas Varga, Adriana L. McKinney, Carlos Fernandez, Emma B. Bingham, Chonghang Zhao, Barbara Kutchko, Christina L. Lopano, Juergen Thieme, and Mohamed Elbakhshwan
- Subjects
Cement ,Materials science ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Scanning electron microscope ,Carbonation ,Composite number ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy ,Geology ,02 engineering and technology ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,01 natural sciences ,XANES ,Compressive strength ,021108 energy ,Composite material ,Porosity ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Wellbore cement is subjected to a number of mechanical, thermal and chemical stress regimes over its lifetime. Therefore, next-generation wellbore cement formulations need to be evaluated in conditions relevant to these environments. In this work, we investigate the mechanism of the alteration of a novel self-healing polymer-cement composite after exposure to a CO2-rich environment by using synchrotron-based X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy. Results showed that a chemical alteration of the polymer-cement follows the rim carbonation mechanism, similar to conventional cement, although carbonation takes place to a lesser extent in polymer-cements despite the higher porosity. Along with detailed mechanistic insights on carbonation in polymer-cement composite, the performance of these in CO2-rich environment is further studied using standard compressive strength analysis.
- Published
- 2021
50. Deep learning assistance for the histopathologic diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori
- Author
-
Manisha Desai, Gerald J. Berry, David B. Bingham, Brock A. Martin, Henrik Marklund, Ellen Gomulia, Ondrej Blaha, Jeanne Shen, Andrew Y. Ng, and Sharon Zhou
- Subjects
Identification (information) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Workflow ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Deep learning ,Test set ,medicine ,Clinical settings ,Medical physics ,Artificial intelligence ,Medical diagnosis ,business - Abstract
Aims Deep learning (DL), a sub-area of artificial intelligence, has demonstrated great promise at automating diagnostic tasks in pathology, yet its translation into clinical settings has been slow. Few studies have examined its impact on pathologist performance, when embedded into clinical workflows. The identification of H. pylori on HE 47 and 126 WSI were respectively used to train and optimize the DL assistant to detect H. pylori, and 130 were used in a clinical experiment in which 3 experienced GI pathologists reviewed the same test set with and without assistance. On the test set, the assistant achieved high performance, with a WSI-level area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.965 (95% CI 0.934–0.987). On H. pylori-positive cases, assisted diagnoses were faster ( β ˆ , the fixed effect size for assistance = −0.557, p = 0.003) and much more accurate (OR = 13.37, p β ˆ for assistance = 0.010, p = 0.860). Conclusions DL can assist pathologists with H. pylori diagnosis, but its integration into clinical workflows requires optimization to mitigate diagnostic uncertainty as a potential consequence of assistance.
- Published
- 2020
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